Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1 The Road Back to Blackstone: An Overview of the Argument

Three Double Jeopardy Models

Model 1: A Substantive Double Jeopardy Clause

Model 2: A Partly Substantive Double Jeopardy Clause

Model 3: A Procedural/Derivative Double Jeopardy Clause

Why the Legislature?

The Court’s View of Legislative Prerogative

Blackstone’s Double Jeopardy

Applying Blackstone and the Three Models

Criminal Law Offense Definitions

Twice in Jeopardy

Other Double Jeopardy Issues

The “Edges” of Law

2 Double Jeopardy Policy and History

Double Jeopardy Paradigm and Policies

A Double Jeopardy Paradigm

Traditional Understanding of Double Jeopardy Policy

The Brief, Unhappy Life of Grady v. Corbin

Double Jeopardy Unity: Rejecting Greater Protection against Successive Prosecutions

An Alternative Double Jeopardy Policy

A Double Jeopardy Principle and Two Presumptions

A Presumption about the End of Jeopardy

A Presumption about “Same Offense”

Double Jeopardy Evolution to 1792

Double Jeopardy Law before Henry II

Becket and Henry II

One Act, One Offense

Henry II and Fraudulent Acquittals

Post–Henry II Statutory Changes

The Common-Law Pleas in Bar

The Double Jeopardy Clause

3 Standard Double Jeopardy Approaches

Interpreting “Jeopardy”

Interpreting “Same Offense”

Early Definitions of Same Offense

The Blockburger Solution

The Supreme Court’s View of Legislative Intent

Legislative Intent on the End of Jeopardy

Legislative Intent on Same Offense

Double Jeopardy Reform Proposals

4 “Life or Limb” Blameworthiness

The Language of the Double Jeopardy Clause

The Court’s Pre-Hudson “Criminal Punishment” Doctrine

Rethinking the Problem

The Civil/Criminal Issue in Broader Context

5 Singular/Distinct Blameworthiness

A Basic Account of Blameworthiness

Act Singularity

Action Theory: Act-Types and Act-Tokens

Statutory Act-Types

Alternative versus Distinct Blameworthiness

Defining Act-Token Separateness

Harm Singularity

The Relationship of Act-Tokens to Harms

The Scope of Act-Types

Counting Act-Tokens: The Act-Type Scope Issue

Counting Act-Tokens: Consuming Blameworthiness

Single Act-Token Blameworthiness

A Procedural Defense of Chapter 5

6 Bringing Coherence to Same-Offense Doctrine

A Summary of Blockburger’s Failure

A Legislative-Prerogative, Blameworthy-Act Alternative to Blockburger

Act-Type Rule of Lenity

Compound-Predicate Offenses

Unit-of-Prosecution Cases

Possession Cases

Dual-Sovereignty Same-Offense Presumptions

Rebutting Same-Offense Presumptions

Same-Offense Presumptions Summarized

7 Unifying Same-Offense Theory: A Blameworthiness Test of Collateral Estoppel

Requirement of Same Parties

Collateral Estoppel Civil/Criminal Blameworthiness

Standards of Persuasion

Rethinking Collateral Estoppel

8 Second Jeopardies: A Fresh Look at Blackstone’s Solution

Formal Verdicts as the End of Jeopardy

Acquittals

Undisturbed Convictions

Convictions Reversed on Appeal

Guilty Pleas

Sentencing Problems

Overview of Acquittal Equivalence

Paradigm Acquittal Equivalence: Dismissals and Appellate Reversals That Resolve Blameworthiness

Dismissals as Acquittals

Appeals as Acquittals

Acquittal Equivalence in Mistrials

Prosecution-Requested Mistrials

Defense-Requested Mistrials

Counterfactual Acquittal Equivalence

Hung-Jury Acquittal Equivalence

Attachment of Jeopardy

Mistrials That Are Not Acquittal Equivalents

9 The Role of Legislative Intent in Determining the End of Jeopardy

Appeal Asymmetry

Blameworthiness and State Appeals

Pre-Palko Treatment of Acquittals

Current Status of the Legislative Role

When Outcomes Are Verdicts

When State Appeals Are Authorized

10 A Final Defense: A Bill of Particulars and an Answer

Notes

Bibliography

Index

About the Author