“No troops could behave worse”: George Robert Gleig, A Narrative of the Campaigns of the British Army at Washington, Baltimore and New Orleans (1821), 125–32.
“All America acknowledges”: “To the Electors of Fayette County,” Clay writing as “Scaevola” in the Kentucky Gazette (Lexington), April 16, 1798, in Papers of Clay, 1:6.
“Each gentleman will take”: Lexington Reporter, Jan. 26, 1809, in A. C. Quisenberry, The Life and Times of Hon. Humphrey Marshall (1892), 102.
“My damned pistol snapped”: Clay to James Clark, Jan. 19, 1809, in Papers of Clay, 1:400.
“We deem it justice”: Lexington Reporter, Jan. 26, 1809, in Quisenberry, Life and Times of Hon. Humphrey Marshall, 102.
“Worthy Friend!”: James Johnson to Clay, Jan. 28, 1809, in Papers of Clay, 1:401.
“You have heard”: Clay defense in Frankfort Western World, Dec. 18, 1806, in Papers of Clay, 1:259.
“It seems that we have been much mistaken”: Clay to Hart, Feb. 1, 1807, in Papers of Clay, 1:273.
“The real cause”: Clay speech, Dec. 31, 1811, in Papers of Clay, 1:608–9.
“All hope of honorable”: Unsigned Clay essay in National Intelligencer, April 14, 1812, in Papers of Clay, 1:645–48.
“At the North”: James Parton, Famous Americans of Recent Times (1871), 120.
“We have now reached”: Theodore Dwight, Oration Delivered at New-Haven on the 7th of July, a.d. 1801 (1801), 29.
“far removed”: Calhoun to Andrew Pickens Jr., Jan. 21, 1803, in Papers of Calhoun, 1:7.
“When on our coasts”: “Resolutions on the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair,” Aug. 3, 1807, in Papers of Calhoun, 1:34–37.
“I know not how”: Calhoun to Mrs. Colhoun, Sept. 13, 1810, in Papers of Calhoun, 1:56.
“I rejoice, my dearest”: Calhoun to Floride Colhoun, Sept. 28, 1810, in Papers of Calhoun, 1:57–58.
“a desolating war”: “Report on Relations with Britain,” Nov. 29, 1811, in Papers of Clay, 1:63–69.
“A tall, gawky-looking”: E. S. Thomas, Reminiscences of the Last Sixty-Five Years (1840), 1:56.
“Go, sir, and ask”: Parton, Famous Americans of Recent Times, 195.
“Johnny, all this land”: Hugh A. Garland, The Life of John Randolph of Roanoke (1851), 1:18.
“I passed the night”: Parton, Famous Americans of Recent Times, 181–82.
“I want not a single negro”: Ibid., 192.
“like the sun setting”: Ibid., 194.
“Soon or late”: Annals of Congress, 12th Cong., 1st sess., cols. 441–51.
“War, in this country”: Annals of Congress, 12th Cong., 1st sess., cols. 476–83.
“With this evidence”: Madison annual message to Congress, Nov. 5, 1811, in Public Papers of the Presidents.
“The conduct of her government”: Madison special message to Congress, June 1, 1812, in Public Papers of the Presidents.
“If long forbearance”: Committee of Foreign Relations, House of Representatives, Report, or Manifesto of the Causes and Reasons of War with Great Britain (1812), June 3, 1812, 3–17.
“I do not remember”: Autobiographical notes, circa 1829, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:6–8
“When he had built”: Ibid., 5–18.
“The first and greatest”: Webster to Samuel Bradley, June 30, 1803, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:45.
“I never heard”: Webster to Ezekiel Webster, May 5, 1804, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:54.
“Money is scarce”: Webster to Ezekiel Webster, n.d. (May 25, 1805), in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:71.
“This was equal”: Autobiographical notes, circa 1829, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:19–21.
“I am so particularly pushed”: Webster to Ezekiel Webster, Nov. 27, 1810, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:120.
“After counting up”: Webster to Ezekiel Webster, Sept. 14, 1811, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:125.
“We regard commerce”: Webster, Rockingham Memorial, Aug. 5, 1812, in Papers of Webster: Speeches and Formal Writings, 1:6–17.
“Curse this Government!”: George Herbert to Webster, April 28, 1813, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:135–36.
“It has not the wealth”: Webster to Samuel Bradley, May 28, 1813, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:141.
“I went yesterday”: Webster to Edward Cutts, May 26, 1813, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:139.
“Speaker Clay made”: Webster to Moody Kent, June 12, 1813, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:148–49.
“Public business seems”: Webster to Jedediah Morse, June 28, 1813, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:154.
“The militia of Kentucky”: Clay remarks, in Annals of Congress, 11th Cong., 2nd sess., col. 580.
“Party spirit is more violent”: Calhoun to James McBride, June 23, 1813, in Papers of Calhoun, 1:177–78.
“When it is simply”: Calhoun speech, Jan. 15, 1814, in Papers of Calhoun, 1:189–200.
“It is the war”: Calhoun speech, Oct. 25, 1814, in Papers of Calhoun, 1:255–59.
“It continues to go”: Webster speech, in Annals of Congress, 13th Cong., 3rd sess., cols. 461–62.
“We are here”: Webster to Ezekiel Webster, Nov. 29, 1814, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:177.
“It is an attempt”: Webster speech, Dec. 9, 1814, in Papers of Webster: Speeches and Formal Writings, 1:20–31.
“We hear that the British”: Webster to Ezekiel Webster, Jan. 9, 1815, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:179.
“The present state”: Webster to William Rowland (probably), Jan. 11, 1815, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:181.
“From the General”: Gleig, Narrative of the Campaigns of the British Army, 266–67, 278–79, 283–84, 310, 320–21, 324, 328–31, 336.
“Mr. Madison is wholly unfit”: Clay to Caesar Rodney, Dec. 29, 1812, in Papers of Clay, 1:750.
“We were prepared”: Clay to Monroe, Aug. 18, 1814, in Papers of Clay, 1:963–69.
“Mr. Adams in a very bad”: James Gallatin diary, July 15, Aug. 10 and Oct. 29, 1814, in The Diary of James Gallatin, ed. Count Gallatin (1916 ed.), 27–32.
“We had been three hours”: Adams to Louisa Catherine Adams, Dec. 16, 1814, in Writings of John Quincy Adams, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford (1915), 5:237.
“I dined again”: Adams diary, July 8, 1814, in Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, ed. Charles Francis Adams (1874), 2:656.
“The terms of this instrument”: Clay to Monroe, Dec. 25, 1814, in Papers of Clay, 1:1007.
“France was annihilated”: Clay speech in House, Jan. 29, 1816, in Papers of Clay, 2:141–48.
“The Constitution, it is true”: Clay speech, June 3, 1816, in Papers of Clay, 2:201–4.
“What was the object”: Clay speech, March 7, 1818, in Papers of Clay, 2:451–63.
“A new epoch”: Clay speech, April 26, 1820, in Papers of Clay, 2:826–45.
“I have settled my purpose”: Webster to Ezekiel Webster, March 26, 1816, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 1:196.
“I was told”: Goodrich quoted in Rufus Choate eulogy of Webster in New Englander 11 (1853): 631–32.
“The grant of powers”: Webster argument in McCulloch v. the State of Maryland, in The Writings and Speeches of Daniel Webster, national ed. (1903), 15:263–67.
“The power to tax”: Marshall for the court, 17 U.S. 431 (1819).
“The Missouri subject”: Clay to John Crittenden, Jan. 29, 1820, in Papers of Clay, 2:769.
“It is a most unhappy question”: Clay to Adam Beatty, Jan. 20, 1820, in Papers of Clay, 2:766.
“I think the Constitution”: Clay to Jonathan Russell, Jan. 29, 1820, in Papers of Clay, 2:771.
“Everyone felt the electricity”: Kentucky Reporter, March 1, 1820, quoted in Merrill D. Peterson, The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay and Calhoun (1987), 62.
“The settlement of the Missouri”: Clay to Henry Brackenridge, March 7, 1820, in Papers of Clay, 2:789.
“I had for a long time”: Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820, Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress.
“The years 1819 and ’20”: Thomas Hart Benton, Thirty Years’ View (1854), 1:5–6.
“The subscribers have associated”: Advertisement in Kentucky Reporter, Aug. 23, 1820, in Papers of Clay, 2:886.
“The information which you have”: Clay to Langdon Cheves, Oct. 30, 1820, in Papers of Clay, 2:896.
“This Missouri storm”: Clay to Caesar Rodney, Feb. 16, 1821, in Papers of Clay, 3:42.
“Put off the question!”: Kentucky Reporter, Feb. 19, 1821, in Papers of Clay, 3:21n.
“About him was gathered”: William Henry Sparks, The Memories of Fifty Years (1872 ed.), 231–32.
“No human being”: Clay to Langdon Cheves, March 5, 1821, in Papers of Clay, 3:58–59.
“This done, it puts all opposition”: Jackson to Monroe, Jan. 6, 1818, in Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, ed. John Spencer Bassett (1927), 2:345–46.
“I was sick in bed”: Monroe to Calhoun, May 19, 1830, in Niles’ Register, March 5, 1831, 23. Also Papers of Calhoun, 11:165.
“In accordance with the advice”: Jackson, “Exposition,” in Benton, Thirty Years’ View, 1:170, 179.
“Mr. Calhoun is extremely”: Adams diary, July 13, 15, 20 and 21, 1818, in Memoirs, 4:107–15.
“This is the characteristic difference”: Clay speech, Jan. 14, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:576.
“Two classes of politicians”: Clay speech, March 30–31, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:683–727.
“My friends are perfectly”: Clay to Peter Porter, Jan. 31, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:628–29.
“Be assured that the Crawford”: Clay to Peter Porter, Jan. 31, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:629–30.
“The contemplated meeting”: Clay to Peter Porter, Feb. 15, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:640–41.
“You may rely upon it”: Clay to Francis Brooke, Feb. 23, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:655.
“Mr. Crawford cannot”: Clay to Francis Brooke, Feb. 26, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:662.
“Mr. Calhoun will be dropt”: Clay to Peter Porter, Feb. 19, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:653.
“The organization of newspaper support”: Adams diary, Aug. 23, 1822, in Memoirs, 6:56–57.
“This feud has become”: Adams diary, Oct. 5, 1822, in Memoirs, 6:76–77.
“Calhoun stimulates the panic”: Adams diary, Nov. 13, 1823, in Memoirs, 6:185.
“who in all his movements”: Adams diary, Nov. 15, 1823, in Memoirs, 6:187.
“the professions of friendship”: Adams diary, Feb. 4, 1824, in Memoirs, 6:244.
“Clay’s conduct has always”: Adams diary, June 20, 1822, in Memoirs, 6:26.
“Clay’s conduct throughout”: Adams diary, Aug. 3, 1822, in Memoirs, 6:49.
“Nor is there anything”: Adams diary, April 22, 1824, in Memoirs, 6:303.
“Letcher wished to know”: Adams diary, Dec. 17, 1824, in Memoirs, 6:447.
“The object appeared”: Adams diary, Dec. 23, 1824, in Memoirs, 6:452.
“I told him I would”: Adams diary, Jan. 1, 1825, in Memoirs, 6:457.
“Mr. Clay came at six”: Adams diary, Jan. 9, 1825, in Memoirs, 6:464–65.
He left the remaining half: Manuscript Adams diary, Jan. 9, 1825, Massachusetts Historical Society.
“Thirty one members”: Clay to Porter, Dec. 26, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:904–5.
“What, I should ask”: Clay to George McClure, Dec. 28, 1824, in Papers of Clay, 3:906.
“My position in relation”: Clay to Blair, Jan. 8, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:9–10.
“While I respect General Jackson”: Porter to Clay, Jan. 14, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:17–18.
“I am a deserter”: Clay to Blair, Jan. 29, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:47.
“As a friend of liberty”: Clay to Brooke, Jan. 28, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:45–46.
“I am well aware”: Jackson to Samuel Swartout, Feb. 23, 1825, reprinted from the New York National Advocate in Niles’ Weekly Register, March 12, 1825, 20–21.
“Dear sir: I take up my pen”: Letter in Columbian Observer, Jan. 25, 1825, reprinted in Niles’ Weekly Register, Feb. 5, 1825, 350.
“I believe it to be”: Clay card, Jan. 30, 1825, from Washington Daily National Intelligencer, Jan. 31, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:48.
“George Kremer holds himself”: Kremer card, Feb. 3, 1825, from Daily National Intelligencer, Feb. 3, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:52.
“The batteries of some”: Clay to Brooke, Feb. 4, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:55–56.
“May the blessing of God”: Adams diary, Feb. 9, 1825, in Memoirs, 6:501.
“The ‘long agony’ ”: Clay to Brooke, Feb. 10, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:62.
“I have seen the abuse”: Crittenden to Clay, Feb. 15, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:67–68.
“That if Mr. Clay”: Adams diary, Feb. 11, 1825, in Memoirs, 6:506–7.
“On the one hand”: Clay to Brooke, Feb. 18, 1825, in Papers of Clay, 4:73.
“The Judas of the West”: Jackson to William Lewis, Feb. 14, 1825, in Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, ed. John Spencer Bassett (1926–35), 3:276.
“Wherever the standard”: An Address Delivered at the Request of the Committee of Arrangements for Celebrating the Anniversary of Independence at the City of Washington on the Fourth of July 1821 (1821), 32.
“It would be more candid”: Adams diary, Nov. 7, 1823, in Memoirs, 6:179.
“The American continents”: Monroe annual message, Dec. 2, 1823, in Public Papers of the Presidents.
“After twenty-six hours’ exertion”: Randolph speech, March 30, 1826, in Register of Debates, 19th Cong., 1st sess., 401.
“Your unprovoked attack”: Clay to Randolph, March 31, 1826, in Papers of Clay, 5:208.
“Colonel Tattnall of Georgia”: Randolph to Clay, April 1, 1836, in Papers of Clay, 5:211–12.
“I heard it all”: Benton, Thirty Years’ View, 1:73.
“The night before the duel”: Hamilton letter to Columbus (Ga.) Enquirer, March 4, 1844, in Niles’ Weekly Register, March 23, 1844, 53.
“The family were in the parlor”: Benton, Thirty Years’ View, 1:74.
“I shall never forget”: Hamilton letter in Niles’ Weekly Register, March 23, 1844, 53.
“The moment came for me”: Benton, Thirty Years’ View, 1:76–77.
“Such was the enthusiasm”: William L. Stone, “Narrative of the Festivities Observed in Honor of the Completion of the Grand Erie Canal,” published as an appendix to Cadwallader D. Colden, Memoir Prepared at the Request of the Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York and Presented to the Mayor at the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals (1825), 299–326.
“Commerce is not a gambling”: Webster speech, April 1–2, 1824, in Papers of Webster: Speeches and Formal Writings, 1:135–48.
“I must stop”: Patrick Jackson to Webster, Feb. 11, 1828, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 2:293–94.
“If the said bill”: William Tileston and James Robbins to Webster, Feb. 18, 1828, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 2:300.
“I fear we are getting”: Webster to Joseph Sprague, April 13, 1828, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 2:330.
“As far as woolens”: Lawrence to Webster, May 7, 1828, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 2:342–43.
“How I shall vote”: Webster to James Paige, May 12, 1828, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 2:345.
“The bill, if it had its true name”: Randolph remarks, April 23, 1828, in Register of Debates, 20th Cong., 1st sess., 2472.
“Never was there such”: Calhoun to James Colhoun, May 4, 1828, in Papers of Calhoun, 10:382.
“The congress of ’76”: Calhoun toast, in Niles’ Weekly Register, Sept. 20, 1828, 62.
“dirty black wench”: Frankfort Commentator, in H. W. Brands, Andrew Jackson (2005), 401.
“When the midnight assassin”: Brands, Andrew Jackson, 401.
“At the time I least expected it”: Ibid., 405.
“The act of Congress”: Calhoun, “South Carolina Exposition and Protest,” Dec. 1828, in The Works of John C. Calhoun, ed. Richard C. Crallé (1870), 6:2–57.
“We have a dead calm”: Calhoun to Patrick Noble, Jan. 10, 1829, in Papers of Calhoun, 10:550.
“It was grand”: Margaret Bayard Smith, The First Forty Years of Washington Society, ed. Gaillard Hunt (1906), 290–96.
“As to the suspicion”: Charles M. Wiltse, John C. Calhoun: Nullifier (1949), 164.
“She said that she considered”: Calhoun reply to John Eaton, from Pendleton Messenger, n.d., in Niles’ Register, Nov. 5, 1831.
“Mrs. Eaton is as chaste”: Jackson to John McLemore, April 26, 1829, in The Papers of Andrew Jackson, ed. Daniel Feller et al. (2007), 7:184.
“I would sink with honor”: Jackson to John McLemore, May 3, 1829, in Papers of Jackson, 7:200–201.
“I have found the President”: Van Buren to Jesse Hoyt, April 13, 1829, in John Robert Irelan, History of the Life, Administration and Times of Martin Van Buren (1887), 134.
“I have found him”: Jackson to Overton, Dec. 31, 1829, in Correspondence of Jackson, 108–9.
“I thought I could discern”: Hayne speech, Jan. 21 and 25, 1830, in Speech of Mr. Hayne, of South Carolina, on Mr. Foot’s Resolution (1830), 3–32.
“The dashing nature”: Charles W. March, Reminiscences of Congress (1850), 123–24.
“Mr. Webster conversed”: Everett quoted in ibid., 125–26.
“Time had not thinned”: March, Reminiscences, 143.
“When the mariner”: Webster speech, Jan. 26, 1830, in Papers of Webster: Speeches and Formal Writings, 1:287–348.
“Their feelings were strained”: March, Reminiscences, 142–51.
“Mr. Van Buren has evidently”: Webster to Warren Dutton, Jan. 15, 1830, in The Private Correspondence of Daniel Webster, ed. Fletcher Webster (1857), 1:483–84.
“Our Federal Union”: Andrew Jackson toast, April 13, 1830, in Richard R. Stenberg, “The Jefferson Birthday Dinner, 1830,” Journal of Southern History 4, no. 3 (1938): 341.
“The Union—next to our liberty”: Calhoun toast, April 13, 1830, in Papers of Calhoun, 11:148.
“Mr. Calhoun’s position”: Crawford to John Forsyth, April 30, 1830, in Correspondence Between Gen. Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun, President and Vice-President of the U. States, on the Subject of the Course of the Latter in the Deliberations of the Cabinet of Mr. Monroe on the Occurrences in the Seminole War (1831), 9.
“Sir, that frankness”: Jackson to Calhoun, May 13, 1830, in Correspondence Between Jackson and Calhoun, 8.
“I cannot recognize”: Calhoun to Jackson, May 29, 1830, in Correspondence Between Jackson and Calhoun, 10.
“I had a right to believe”: Jackson to Calhoun, May 30, 1830, in Correspondence Between Jackson and Calhoun, 22–23.
“I think it right”: Memorandum by Nicholas Biddle, n.d. (between Oct. 1829 and Jan. 1830), in The Correspondence of Nicholas Biddle Dealing with National Affairs, 1807–1844, ed. Reginald C. McGrane (1919), 93.
“There is no one principle”: Biddle to Samuel Smith, Dec. 29, 1828, in Correspondence of Biddle, 62–63.
“It may be assumed”: Clay to Biddle, Sept. 11, 1830, in Papers of Clay, 8:263–64.
“In respect to General Jackson”: Biddle to Mr. Robinson, Dec. 20, 1830, in Correspondence of Biddle, 122.
“It is obvious”: Biddle to William Lawrence, Feb. 8, 1831, in Correspondence of Biddle, 123–24.
“Have you come”: Clay to Biddle, Dec. 15, 1831, in Papers of Clay, 8:432–33.
“I have had an application”: Webster to Biddle, Dec. 21, 1833, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 3:289.
“I have seen”: Webster to Biddle, Dec. 18, 1831, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 3:139.
“I cannot but think”: Webster to Biddle, Jan. 8, 1832, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 3:141.
“A disordered currency”: Webster speech, May 25, 1832, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 1st sess., 956–64.
“Gentlemen of the South”: Benton speech to Senate, Jan. 20, 1832, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 1st sess., 141.
“The Congress, the executive”: Jackson veto message, July 10, 1832, in Public Papers of the Presidents.
“A great majority”: Webster speech, July 11, 1832, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 1st sess., 1224, 1233.
“You ask, what is the effect”: Biddle to Clay, Aug. 1, 1832, in Correspondence of Biddle, 196.
“It diffuses universal joy”: Randolph to Jackson, July 15, 1832, in Correspondence of Jackson, 4:462.
“The veto works well”: Jackson to William Lewis, Aug. 18, 1832, in Correspondence of Jackson, 4:467.
“unauthorized by the constitution”: South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification, Nov. 24, 1832, in Niles’ Weekly Register, Dec. 1, 1832.
“in direct violation”: Jackson proclamation, Dec. 10, 1832, in Public Papers of the Presidents.
“There is not a shadow”: Calhoun speech, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 100–103.
“We must be prepared”: Jackson to Cass, Dec. 17, 1832, in Correspondence of Jackson, 4:502–3.
“The wickedness, madness, and folly”: Jackson to Poinsett, Dec. 9, 1832, in Correspondence of Jackson, 4:498.
“The Union must be preserved”: Jackson to Coffee, Dec. 14, 1832, in Correspondence of Jackson, 4:499–500.
“Yes, I have”: William Lewis quoting Jackson in James Parton, Life of Andrew Jackson (1861), 3:284–85.
When Calhoun entered the room: Benton, Thirty Years’ View, 1:342–43.
“When I survey, sir”: Clay speech, Feb. 12, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 462–73.
“He who loves the Union”: Calhoun speech, Feb. 12, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 477–78.
“There are principles”: Webster speech, Feb. 12, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 478–79.
“But little did the people”: Calhoun speech, Feb. 15–16, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 529–53.
“The gentleman has terminated”: Webster speech, Feb. 16, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 553–87.
“If this bill”: Webster speech, Feb. 25, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 727–29.
“I have long”: Clay speech, Feb. 25, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 22nd Cong., 2nd sess., 729–42.
“Yesterday was perhaps”: Clay to Barbour, March 2, 1833, in Papers of Clay, 8:629.
“I shall get some curses”: Clay to James Caldwell, March 12, 1833, in Papers of Clay, 8:632.
“I have had a laborious task”: Jackson to Andrew Crawford, May 1, 1833, in Correspondence of Jackson, 5:71–72.
“A year would make”: Calhoun to William Preston, circa Feb. 3, 1833, in Papers of Calhoun, 12:38.
“All that I see and hear”: Calhoun to Christopher Vandeventer, March 24, 1833, in Papers of Calhoun, 12:144–45.
“Washington is no place”: Harriet Martineau, Retrospect of Western Travel (1838), 1:235–44, 288–99.
“In half an hour”: Biddle to J. S. Barbour, April 16, 1833, in Correspondence of Biddle, 207.
“the exercise of a power”: Clay speech, Dec. 26, 1833, in Register of Debates: Senate, 23rd Cong., 1st sess., 58–94.
“They have entered”: Calhoun speech, n.d., in Benton, Thirty Years’ View, 1:411–12.
“I felt an emotion”: Benton, Thirty Years’ View, 1:379.
“From the moment”: Ibid., 1:415–20.
“The Bank, Mr. Van Buren”: Martin Van Buren, The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren, ed. John C. Fitzpatrick (1920), 625.
“Were all the worshippers”: Jackson to Van Buren, Jan. 3, 1834, in Correspondence of Jackson, 5:238.
“There is no real general distress”: Jackson to James Hamilton, Feb. 2, 1834, in Correspondence of Jackson, 5:244.
“Relief!” thundered Jackson: Niles’ Register, March 8, 1834, 31.
“The storm in Congress”: Jackson to Andrew Jackson Jr., Feb. 16, 1834, in Correspondence of Jackson, 5:249.
“The Declaration of Independence”: Adams diary, March 3, 1820, in Memoirs, 5:8–12.
“It is inexpedient”: Sons of the Fathers: The Virginia Slavery Debates of 1831–1832, ed. Erik S. Root (2010), 13.
“I will be as harsh”: Liberator, Jan. 1, 1831.
“very lame account”: Adams diary, Dec. 6, 1836, in Memoirs, 9:317.
“It is so”: Adams diary, Nov. 17, 1837, in Memoirs, 9:431.
“Wind and tide”: Adams diary, Dec. 26, 1837, in Memoirs, 9:457.
“The conduct of the executive”: Adams speech, July 7, 1838, in Speech of John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts…Relating to the Annexation of Texas to This Union (1838), 115.
“He knows nothing”: Adams speech, June 30, 1838, in Speech of John Quincy Adams, 79.
“That John Quincy Adams”: Proposed censure resolution, in Letters from John Quincy Adams to His Constituents of the Twelfth Congressional District in Massachusetts (1837), 13.
“That the right of petition”: Proposed censure resolution, in Letters from Adams, 23.
“Regardless of the feelings”: Adams open letter to constituents, March 13, 1837, in Letters from Adams, 25–26.
“The gentleman went further”: Adams speech in House, Feb. 9, 1837, in Letters from Adams, 48–60.
“I do not belong to the school”: Calhoun speech, Feb. 6, 1837, in The Works of John C. Calhoun (1856), 2:625–33.
“My friends are very sanguine”: Clay to James Clay, Jan. 22, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:133.
“I do not think”: Clay to Porter, Jan. 26, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:135.
“If I am to judge”: Clay to Henry Clay Jr., March 2, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:152.
“I handled Mr. Calhoun”: Clay to Biddle, Feb. 20, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:149.
“Nullification, Mr. President”: Clay speech, March 10, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:158.
“I believe in private life”: Clay to Harrison Otis, June 26, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:208.
“I yesterday had a long interview”: Clay to John Clayton, June 14, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:204.
“The administration party”: Clay to Harrison Otis, June 26, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:205.
“The partiality for Mr. W.”: Clay to Harrison Otis, July 7, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:212–13.
“There remains, then”: Clipping from Boston Atlas, n.d., enclosed in Harrison Otis to Clay, Sept. 14, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:229n.
“I am mortified”: Clay to Harrison Otis, Sept. 24, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:233.
“An opportunity exists”: Tappan to Clay, June 5, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:199–200.
“I hope that you”: Clay to Tappan, July 6, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:212.
“It is my clear conviction”: Clay to Birney, Nov. 3, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:244.
“The abolitionists are denouncing me”: Clay to Francis Brooke, Nov. 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:246.
“The nomination has fallen”: Clay to Harrison Otis, Dec. 13, 1838, in Papers of Clay, 9:252.
“The third class”: Clay speech, Feb. 7, 1839, in Congressional Globe, 25th Cong., 3rd sess., app., 354–59.
“I expected it would enrage”: Clay to Alexander Hamilton, Feb. 24, 1839, in Papers of Clay, 9:291.
“I hope it will do good”: Clay to Harrison Otis, Feb. 18, 1839, in Papers of Clay, 9:290.
“Your friends in this state”: Oliver Smith to Clay, Sept. 28, 1839, in Papers of Clay, 9:349.
“I have no wish”: Clay to Oliver Smith, Oct. 5, 1839, in Papers of Clay, 9:350.
“General Harrison is nominated”: Porter to Clay, Dec. 16, 1839, in Papers of Clay, 9:365.
“If I have friends”: Clay speech, Dec. 11, 1839, quoted in Papers of Clay, 9:363–64.
“The whole country”: Adams diary, Aug. 29, 1840, in Memoirs, 10:351–52.
“This practice of itinerant speech-making”: Adams diary, Sept. 24, 1840, in Memoirs, 10:352–53.
“Mutual gratulation at the downfall”: Adams diary, Dec. 4, 1840, in Memoirs, 10:365–66.
“I hope nothing”: Peter Harvey, Reminiscences and Anecdotes of Daniel Webster (1878), 162–63.
“Mr. President,” he said: John Tyler Jr., in Frank G. Carpenter, “A Talk with a President’s Son,” Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine, March 1888, 417–18.
“You are too impetuous”: Harrison to Clay, March 13, 1841, in Papers of Clay, 9:514.
“I was mortified”: Clay to Harrison, March 15, 1841, in Papers of Clay, 9:516–17.
“As to a Bank”: Tyler to Clay, April 30, 1841, in Papers of Clay, 9:527–28.
“He has not reciprocated”: Clay speech, Aug. 19, 1841, in Congressional Globe, 27th Cong., 1st sess., app., 364–66.
“The papers will inform you”: Clay to Ambrose Spencer, Aug. 27, 1841, in Papers of Clay, 9:594.
“I do not pretend”: Clay speech in Senate, Sept. 2, 1841, in Congressional Globe, 27th Cong., 1st sess., app., 345.
“I am with the president”: Webster to Caroline Webster, Aug. 21, 1841, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 5:145.
“While one says”: Webster to Hiram Ketchum, July 17, 1841, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 5:137.
“I have done or said nothing”: Webster to Tyler, Aug. 20, 1841, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 5:144.
“I try to keep cool”: Webster to Hiram Ketchum, Aug. 22, 1841, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 5:146.
“I called to see Mr. Webster”: Thomas Ewing diary, Sept. 3, 1841, in American Historical Review, Oct. 1912, 109.
“The conduct of the president”: Address of Whig caucus, Sept. 13, 1841, in Niles’ National Register, Sept. 18, 1841.
“His personal demeanor”: Webster to Everett, April 25, 1842, in Private Correspondence of Webster, 2:120.
“I must at last run away”: Ashburton to Webster, Dec. 3, 1842, in Private Correspondence of Webster, 2:157–58.
“I thought at the time”: Solomon Northup, Twelve Years a Slave, ed. David Wilson (1854), 32–39, 42–48. David Wilson was more than an editor, as he indicates in the preface. The narrative falls into the “as told to” genre common among memoirs. But the events described all came from Northup.
“Birch, no doubt”: Ibid., 56–61, 90–92.
“Senator Benton could be”: John Tyler Jr., in “Talk with President’s Son,” 418–19.
“But when she goes”: Calhoun to Pakenham, April 18, 1844, in Papers of Calhoun, 18:273–78.
“I distinctly recollect”: Oliver Hampton Smith, Early Indiana Trials and Sketches (1858), 593–96.
“A long cherished object”: Clay speech, April 13, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:18–38.
“I have found a degree”: Clay to Willie Mangum, April 14, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:39.
“Under these circumstances”: Clay to editors of the Washington Daily National Intelligencer, April 17, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:41–46.
“I feel perfectly confident”: Clay to John Crittenden, April 19, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:46.
“My venerated friend”: Houston to Jackson, Feb. 16, 1844, in The Writings of Sam Houston, ed. Amelia Williams and Eugene C. Barker (1941), 4:265.
“Personally I could have”: Clay to Stephen Miller, July 1, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:79.
“Far from having”: Clay to Thomas Peters and John Jackson, July 27, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:91.
“My position is very”: Clay to Joshua Giddings, Sept. 11, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:114–15.
“Could I say less?”: Clay to Joshua Giddings, Sept. 11, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:114.
“The prospects of the Whig cause”: Clay to William Taylor, Sept. 19, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:119.
“The great contest”: Clay to Adams, Oct. 26, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:137.
“The sad result”: Clay to Seward, Nov. 20, 1844, in Papers of Clay, 10:153–54.
“Our reception by the noble master”: Philip Hone diary, July 8–11, 1845, in The Diary of Philip Hone, 1828–1851, ed. Bayard Tuckerman (1910), 254–57.
a story that Webster had sexually assaulted the wife: Robert V. Remini, Daniel Webster (1997), 568–69.
“I have always wished”: Webster speech, Dec. 22, 1845, in Papers of Webster: Speeches and Formal Writings, 2:357–60.
“After reiterated menaces”: James Polk message to Congress, May 11, 1846, in Public Papers of the Presidents.
“The question now submitted”: Calhoun speech, May 11, 1846, in Congressional Globe, 29th Cong., 1st sess., 783–84.
“This war was begun”: Garrett Davis speech, May 11, 1846, in Congressional Globe, 29th Cong., 1st sess., 794.
“Sir, we are in the midst”: Webster speech, March 1, 1847, in Papers of Webster: Speeches and Formal Writings, 2:437–41.
“I hold that to be”: Webster speech, March 23, 1848, in Papers of Webster: Speeches and Formal Writings, 2:450–76.
“A mournful and agitating event”: Niles’ National Register, Feb. 26, 1848.
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude”: Section 18, Article 1, California constitution (1849).
“I am aware”: Clay to Richard Pindell, Feb. 17, 1849, in Papers of Clay, 10:575.
“Mr. President, I hold”: Clay speech, Jan. 29, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 244–46.
“I here assert”: Jefferson Davis remarks, Jan. 29, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 249.
“Never on any former occasion”: Clay speech, Feb. 5–6, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., app., 115–27.
“As much indisposed”: Calhoun remarks, and Calhoun speech as read by James Mason, March 4, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 451–55.
“As soon as may be”: Webster remarks, March 4, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 456.
“The evening of my return”: A Memoir of Robert C. Winthrop, ed. Robert C. Winthrop Jr. (1897), 111–12.
“Mr. President, I wish to speak”: Webster speech, March 7, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., app., 269–76.
“We are now on the opposite sides”: James Freeman Clarke, Anti-slavery Days (1883), 138.
“Of all we loved and honored”: Ibid., 139.
“Liberty! Liberty! Pho!”: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks, ed. A. W. Plumstead and William H. Gilman (1975), 11:345–46.
“Tell him that he”: Emerson in His Journals, ed. Joel Porte (1982), 422.
“He is gone!”: Clay remarks, April 1, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 624–25.
“I have not, in public”: Webster remarks, April 1, 1850, in Congressional Globe, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 625.
“We have gone through”: Webster to Peter Harvey, Oct. 2, 1850, in Papers of Webster: Correspondence, 7:155.
“I think of him with affection”: Northup, Twelve Years a Slave, 103–11, 133–35, 163, 183, 301–2.
“a covenant with death”: Liberator, July 7, 1854.
“Such are the gratifying results”: Clay to Citizens of New York City, Oct. 3, 1851, in Papers of Clay, 10:916–25.
“my beau-ideal of a statesman”: Abraham Lincoln in first debate with Stephen Douglas, Aug. 21, 1858, in The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler (1953), 3:29.
“Mr. Clay’s predominant sentiment”: Abraham Lincoln eulogy for Clay, July 6, 1852, in Works of Lincoln, 2:121–32.