Notes

Chapter 1: Educating for Ignorance

1.        Lysee Mitri, “Prom-munism: Seniors vote for Communism themed prom,” KRQE (Albuquerque) News, March 5, 2015. http://krqe.com/2015/03/05/seniors-vote-for-communism-themed-prom/.

2.        See Patrick Devenny, “The House of Kim,” The American Spectator, November 15, 2005.

3.        Sonni Efron, “Defectors Tell of N. Korean Drug Trade,” Los Angeles Times, May 21, 2003.

4.        See, among others, Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao (New York: Random House, 1994), pp. 98–106.

5.        Mitri, “Prom-munism: Seniors vote for Communism themed prom.”

6.        Todd Starnes, “American High School Band Marches with Hammer & Sickle,” Fox News website, September 2012. http://radio.foxnews.com/toddstarnes/top-stories/high-school-band-celebrates-russian-revolution.html.

7.        Alonzo Hamby, Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 313–14.

8.        John F. Kennedy, “Commencement Address at Assumption College,” Worcester, Massachusetts, June 3, 1955.

9.        John F. Kennedy, Public Presidential Papers, (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1962), Vol. 1, 1961, p. 341; and John F. Kennedy, “Speech of Senator John F. Kennedy to the Mormon Tabernacle,” Salt Lake City, Utah, September 23, 1960. See also Martin Walker, The Cold War and the Making of the Modern World, (London, 1993), p. 132 and Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914–1991, (New York: Pantheon Books, 1994), p. 231.

Chapter 2: How Many People Have These Bastards Killed?

1.        Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago: 1918–56, Vols. I–II (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1973), pp. ix–x.

2.        Stephane Courtois, et al., The Black Book of Communism (Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 4. Some contributors to the book, namely, Nicolas Werth and Jean-Louis Margolin, disassociated themselves with the hundred million estimate. See Ron Radosh, “The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, and Repression,” First Things, February 2000 and Robert Stacy McCain, “Communism’s Atrocities Detailed in ‘Black Book,’” Washington Times, September 21, 2000.

3.        Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, http://victimsofcommunism.org/smith-joins-victims-of-communism/.

4.        Courtois, Black Book, p. 4.

5.        Lee Edwards, editor, The Collapse of Communism (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1999), p. xiii.

6.        See: Tony Cliff, Trotsky: The Sword of the Revolution: 1917-1923, posted online at https://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1990/trotsky2/01-sovpower.html.

7.        See Alexander Yakovlev, A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002), 32; Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Solzhenitsyn Speaks to the West (London: The Bodley Head, 1978), 17; and Edwards, ed., The Collapse of Communism, xiii.

8.        Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, Mao: The Unknown Story (New York: Knopf, 2005).

9.        Barbara Crossette, “Korean Famine Toll: More Than 2 Million,” New York Times, August 20, 1999.

10.      Moreover, though the summary table on p. 4 of The Black Book of Communism lists two million deaths, the more specific tabulation on p. 564 suggests 3.4 million deaths, all before the famine of the late 1990s that killed yet another two to three million. The actual number of North Koreans killed by communism could be six million.

11.      Many sources use numbers as high as two to three million deaths in Cambodia. Even more conservative figures use numbers approaching two million. The Cambodian Genocide Program at Yale University uses a figure of 1.7 million, which it equates to 21 percent of the population (see: http://gsp.yale.edu/case-studies/cambodian-genocide-program). At the time of this writing, the first sentence of the Wikipedia entry for the “Cambodian genocide” uses the figure “1.5 to 3 million” (retrieved June 2, 2017). R. J. Rummel uses a figure of 2,035,000 (posted online at https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE1.HTM).

12.      Richard Wurmbrand, Marx & Satan (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1986), p. 15.

13.      See Rummel’s classic book, Death by Government (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1994), which is posted online at https://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE1.HTM.

14.      The highest early scholarly estimates of the death toll of the sixty-four-year Spanish Inquisition (1481–1545) were some 31,912 were killed. See J. A. Llorente, A Critical History of the Inquisition of Spain (1823), 575–83.

15.      Jonathan Rauch, “The Forgotten Millions,” The Atlantic, December 2003.

16.      Ibid.

17.      Vladimir Lenin, Pravda, June 16, 1913, republished in Lenin, Collected Works, (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977), vol. 19, pp. 235–37.

18.      Paul Kengor, Takedown: From Communists to Progressives: How the Left Has Sabotaged Family and Marriage, ch. 3.

19.      Margaret Sanger, “Birth Control in Soviet Russia,” Birth Control Review, June 1935, p. 3.

20.      See Martin Malia in The Black Book of Communism, pp. x and xvii-xviii.

21.      Gina Kolata, The Great Flu Epidemic of 1918–19 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It (Touchstone, 2001).

22.      “Ronald Reagan: Pre-Presidential Papers: Selected Radio Broadcasts, 1975–1979,” January 1975 to March 1977, Box 1, RRL. For a full transcript see Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, and Martin Anderson, Reagan, in His Own Hand: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America, pp. 10–12.

23.      Ibid.

24.      President Ronald Reagan, “Address to the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals,” Orlando, Florida, March 8, 1983.

25.      Reagan speaking before CPAC, February 6, 1977, Washington, D.C. The text of the speech appears in James C. Roberts, ed., A City Upon a Hill: Speeches by Ronald Reagan before the Conservative Political Action Conference (American Studies Center, 1989), p. 33.

26.      Ernest Conine, “President Reagan: How Does That Sound?” Los Angeles Times, March 17, 1980, p. 5.

Chapter 3: When and Where It All Began

1.        See Mark Levin, Ameritopia (New York: Threshold/Simon & Schuster, 2012), ch. 3.

2.        There is some debate over the exact year, whether 1792 or 1794.

3.        Paul Johnson, Modern Times: The World from the Twenties to the Nineties, rev. ed. (Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2001), p. 57.

4.        See William Safire, “B.C./A.D. or B.C.E./C.E.?” New York Times, August 17, 1997.

5.        Grigory Zinoviev, “Lenin: Speech to the Petrograd Soviet Celebrating Lenin’s Recovery from Wounds Made in the Attempt on His Life,” August 30, 1918, posted at https://www.marxists.org/archive/zinoviev/works/1918/lenin/ch18.htm.

6.        V. I. Lenin, “Can ‘Jacobinism’ Frighten the Working Class?” Pravda No. 90, July 7 (June 24), 1917, later published in Lenin Collected Works, vol. 25 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977), 121–22, posted online at https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/jul/07a.htm.

7.        As cited in Thomas Magstadt, Understanding Politics: Ideas, Institutions, and Issues, 11th ed. (Cengage Learning, 2014), p. 66.

8.        Quoted in Johnson, Modern Times (NY: HarperCollins, 2001), p. 52.

9.        See Martin Malia introduction in Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto (New York: Penguin Signet Classics edition, 1998), p. viii.

10.      Daniel J. Flynn, A Conservative History of the American Left (New York: Random House/Crown Forum, 2008), p. 19.

11.      Robert Owen, “Address at the Public Hall,” New Harmony, Indiana, April 27, 1825. Online transcripts for this and other remarks cited in this box can be found at http://www.indiana.edu/~kdhist/H105-documents-web/week11/Owen1826.html and http://historyproject.ucdavis.edu/lessons/view_lesson.php?id=29.

12.      Paul Kengor, 11 Principles of a Reagan Conservative (New York: Beaufort Books, 2014), pp. 61 and 152.

13.      Flynn, A Conservative History of the American Left, pp. 30–32.

14.      See Paul Kengor, Takedown: From Communists to Progressives, How the Left Has Sabotaged Family and Marriage (WND, 2015), chapters 2–5.

15.      “Marx and Engels meet in Paris; this is the beginning of a lifelong friendship and joint work.” August 28, 1844, entry at the authoritative Marxists Internet Archive, https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/bio/marx/lifeandwork.htm.

16.      See Martin Malia’s outstanding introduction in his 1998 Penguin Signet classics edition of The Communist Manifesto, pp. 9–10.

17.      See Aristotle’s classic Politics. This translation is one used by my colleague Robert R. Reilly. The renowned Aristotle scholar Benjamin Jowett translated the same passage differently: “And since innovations [also translated as “revolutions” or “revolutionary changes”] creep in through the private life of individuals also, there ought to be a magistracy which will have an eye to those whose life is not in harmony with the government, whether oligarchy or democracy or any other.” The Terence Irwin and Gail Fine translation is, “And since people’s private ways of life also lead them to revolution. . . .” A strict Greek translation would be “on account of private lives.” (I thank my colleagues in the Grove City College Department of Philosophy for their assistance on this issue.)

18.      One of the most influential early accounts of Marx’s family life was Otto Ruhle’s Karl Marx: His Life and Works (New York: Viking Press, 1929). Among more recent works, see Francis Wheen, Karl Marx: A Life (New York: W. W. Norton, 2001) and Paul Johnson, Intellectuals: From Marx and Tolstoy to Sartre and Chomsky (Harper Perennial, 2007), ch. 3.

19.      Ibid., p. 74.

20.      Ibid., p. 73.

21.      Ibid.

22.      Troy Jollimore, “The private life of Karl Marx,” Salon, September 18, 2011.

23.      Johnson, Intellectuals, p. 77.

24.      See Francis Wheen, Karl Marx: A Life (New York: Norton, 1999), p. 249, and also Mary Gabriel, Love and Capital: Karl and Jenny Marx and the Birth of a Revolution (New York: Little, Brown, 2011), pp. 5–7.

25.      Some sources claim three daughters committed suicide; some claim only one. I believe that the correct number is two.

26.      Walter Williams, “Marx’s racism,” nationally syndicated column, June 21, 2006.

27.      Johnson, Intellectuals, pp. 62 and 789.

28.      Dmitri N. Shalin, Pragmatism & Democracy (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2011), p. 197 and Johnson, Intellectuals, p. 62.

29.      Shalin, Pragmatism & Democracy, p. 197, and Williams, “Marx’s racism.”

30.      Mary Gabriel, “Marx’s Not-So-Marxist Marriage,” Daily Beast, September 21, 2011.

31.      Richard Weikart, “Marx, Engels, and the Abolition of the Family,” History of European Ideas, vol. 18, no. 5, 1994, p. 667.

32.      Quoted in Weikart, “Marx, Engels, and the Abolition of the Family,” p. 668. Marx’s defenders will probably want to argue that he was speaking tongue-in-cheek, given the high cost of financially supporting a large family. Personally, I’m inclined to a less charitable interpretation, given the realities of Marx’s behavior and attitudes.

33.      See, among others: H. Kent Geiger, The Family in Soviet Russia, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968), p. 11 and Weikart, “Marx, Engels, and the Abolition of the Family,” p. 657.

34.      Frederick Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (New York, NY: International Pub lishers, 1942), p. 67.

35.      Robert Payne, ed., The Unknown Karl Marx (New York University Press, 1971), 57.

36.      Karl Marx, “The Pale Maiden: A Ballad,” Early Works of Karl Marx, https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1837-pre/verse/verse24.htm.

37.      Payne, The Unknown Karl Marx, 59–60.

38.      Richard Wurmbrand, Marx & Satan (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1986), p. 15.

39.      Quoted in Mehring, pp. 92–93.

40.      Weikart, “Marx, Engels, and the Abolition of the Family,” pp. 665–56.

41.      Frederick Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (New York, NY: International Publishers, 1942), p. 67.

42.      Ibid.

43.      Geiger, The Family in Soviet Russia, pp. 20–21 and 33.

44.      Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto (Penguin Signet Classics edition, 1998), p. 71.

Chapter 4: The Communist Program—and Its Problems

1.        James Kirchick, “Communism’s Victims Deserve a Museum,” The Daily Beast, August 25, 2014.

2.        “New Report Reveals U.S. Attitudes on Socialism, Communism on Eve of 2016 Election,” Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, October 17, 2016, http://victimsofcommunism.org/new-report-reveals-u-s-attitudes-on-socialism-communism-on-eve-of-2016-election/.

3.        Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, p. 74.

4.        Ibid.

5.        Richard Pipes, Communism: A History (Modern Library Chronicles, 2003), p. ix.

6.        Kenneth Alan, Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory (Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press, 2005), p. 72.

7.        As one Hegel scholar explains, “Hegel is a Christian, but not an orthodox one by the Nicene Creed. He denies the precedence of the Father, from whom the Son and the Spirit proceed. He denies that lordship is the meaning of divinity, so that Christ manifests divinity only as the risen Lord. The true definition of divinity is Spirit. But Hegel is not an ancient Gnostic like Marcion or Valentinus. He does not denigrate the body as the kingdom of the devil. He affirms the incarnation and construes natures as the logos made flesh, as spirit, i.e., the infinite Christ. He is a modern, Joachimite Gnostic: world history is the story of the logos making itself flesh in the rational state and human rights. . . . [Hegelian philosophy] is still Christian even if not orthodox. To be a heretic one must after all first be a Christian.” Clark Butler, New Perspectives on Hegel’s Philosophy of Religion, pp. 139 and 141.

8.        Benedict XVI, Spe Salvi.

9.        Karl Marx, The German Ideology (1844), https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm#44CC4.

10.      Ibid.

11.      Robert Machurek, Humor from the Pulpit, p. 14.

12.      Thomas M. Magstadt, Understanding Politics: Ideas, Institutions, and Issues, 12th ed. (Boston: Cengage Publishing, 2017), p. 51, quoting Roy Macrides, Contemporary Political Ideologies (Cambridge, MA: Winthrop, 1980), p. 180.

13.      Friedrich Engels, Dialectics of Nature (1883), https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883/don/ch07c.htm#alteration.

14.      Engels, The Principles of Communism.

15.      Karl Marx, Human Requirements and Division of Labour under the Rule of Private Property (1844), https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/needs.htm.

16.      Malia, introduction to The Communist Manifesto, p. 15.

17.      Friedrich Engels, The Principles of Communism (1847), https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm.

18.      Marx, The German Ideology, https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/german-ideology/ch01a.htm#p48.

19.      Friedrich Engels, “Letter to Otto Von Boenigk” (1890), https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1890/letters/90_08_21.htm.

20.      Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto, p. 67.

21.      Ibid.

22.      Ibid., p. 75.

23.      Ibid., p. 91.

24.      Ibid.

25.      Yuri Maltsev as related to my colleague Mark Hendrickson and to me, August 28, 2013.

26.      Ronald Reagan, “Time for Choosing Address,” October 27, 1964.

27.      Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Collected Works, 40 vols. (New York: International Publishers, 1976), 6:494–5.

28.      V.I. Lenin, On Socialist Ideology and Culture (Moscow, USSR: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1981), 51–52.

29.      Benedict XVI, Spe Salvi.

Chapter 5: Bolshevik Brutes

1.        Dmitri Volkogonov, Lenin: A New Biography (New York: Free Press, 1994), pp. 5 and 12–13.

2.        Quoted in Volkogonov, Lenin: A New Biography, p. 373.

3.        Quoted in J. M. Bochenski, “Marxism-Leninism and Religion,” in B. R. Bociurkiw et al, eds., Religion and Atheism in the USSR and Eastern Europe (London: MacMillan, 1975), p. 11.

4.        Richard Pipes, Communism: A History (NY: The Modern Library, 2001), pp. 30–32.

5.        Ibid., p. 33.

6.        Lenin, The State and Revolution, published in Lenin’s Collected Works, Vol. 25, pp. 381–492, posted online at https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/.

7.        See the introductory notes provided to The State and Revolution at www.marxists.org. The portions of the document that I quote from here are taken from the version published at that site.

8.        Pipes, Communism: A History, pp. 29–30; and the entirety of Richard Pipes, ed., The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999).

9.        Lenin, The State and Revolution, chapter I, section 1, accessible at https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch01.htm#s1.

10.      Marx, Private Property and Communism (1844), https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm#44CC8.

11.      Marx, in one of his grim poems, wrote of human beings as “Apes of a cold God.” See, inter alia, Robert Payne, The Unknown Karl Marx (New York: New York University Press, 1971), pp. 60–61, and Paul Johnson, Intellectuals: From Marx and Tolstoy to Sartre and Chomsky (Harper Perennial, 2007), pp. 54–55.

12.      Much has been written on this by many sources. For one source, see Ralph Colp, “The Contacts Between Karl Marx and Charles Darwin,” Journal of the History of Ideas, April–June 1974, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 329–38. Also see: Pipes, Communism: A History, pp. 9–10.

13.      Engels, “Speech at the Graveside of Marx,” Highgate Cemetery, London, March 17, 1883, https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1883/death/burial.htm.

14.      Quoted in Barry Lee Woolley, Adherents of Permanent Revolution: A History of the Fourth (Trotskyist) International (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999), pp. 4–5.

15.      See Lenin, The State and Revolution, chapter I, section 4, accessible at https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch01.htm#s4.

16.      Ibid.

17.      Ibid.

18.      See Lenin, The State and Revolution (1917), chapter I, section 5, accessible at https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/.

19.      These two sections are in chapter III of Lenin’s The State and Revolution.

20.      Lenin, The State and Revolution, chapter V, section 2, accessible at https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch05.htm#s2.

21.      See chapter IV of Lenin’s The State and Revolution (1917), section on “Letter to Bebel,” https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch04.htm#s3.

22.      See chapter V, section 4 of Lenin’s The State and Revolution, accessible at https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/ch05.htm#s4.

23.      Benedict XVI, Spe Salvi.

24.      Paul Johnson, Modern Times (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), pp. 56–65.

25.      W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), pp. 11–12.

26.      See chapter 11, “Communism and Religion,” in Nicolai Bukharin’s The ABC of Communism, written in 1920, first published in English in 1922, published by Penguin Books in 1969, and posted online at https://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1920/abc/11.htm.

27.      Fulton J. Sheen, Communism and the Conscience of the West (Indianapolis, IN and New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1948).

28.      Quoted in John Koehler, Spies in the Vatican (NY: Pegasus Books, 2009), p. 1.

29.      “A Restored Look for the Long-Ignored Churches of Russia,” Associated Press, July 23, 1976, p. 3.

30.      Hedrick Smith, The Russians (London: Sphere Books, 1976), p. 396.

31.      James Thrower, God’s Commissar: Marxism-Leninism as the Civil Religion of Soviet Society (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1992), p. 64; Jennifer McDowell, “Soviet Civil Ceremonies,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1974, pp. 265-79; and Powell, “Rearing the New Soviet Man,” in B. R. Bociurkiw, et al., eds., Religion and Atheism in the USSR and Eastern Europe (London: MacMillan, 1975), pp. 160–65.

32.      W. Bruce Lincoln, Red Victory: A History of the Russian Civil War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), pp. 476–77.

33.      Ibid.

34.      James Thrower, God’s Commissar: Marxism-Leninism as the Civil Religion of Soviet Society (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1992), p. 39.

35.      Bochenski, “Marxism-Leninism and Religion,” p. 11.

36.      Lincoln, Red Victory, p. 474.

37.      Alexander Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956 (New York: Harper and Row, 1974), pp. 37–38.

38.      Volkogonov, Lenin, pp. 376–78.

39.      Ibid, pp. 29, 325–27, and 345–51.

40.      Ibid.

41.      James Billington, “Christianity and History,” 125th anniversary lecture series, Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania, September 27, 2001.

42.      Radzinsky speaking in interview for A&E Biography of Joseph Stalin, “The Red Terror.”

43.      Mikhail Gorbachev, Memoirs (New York: Doubleday, 1996), p. 328.

44.      Mikhail Gorbachev, On My Country and the World, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), pp. 20–21.

45.      Alexander N. Yakovlev, A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002), pp. 8, 87, and 158.

46.      Alexander Solzhenitsyn, “Men Have Forgotten God,” Templeton Prize Award speech, May 10, 1983.

47.      Yakovlev, A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia, p. 26.

48.      Douglas Brown, Doomsday 1917: The Destruction of Russia’s Ruling Class (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1975), p. 174; George Leggett, The Cheka: Lenin’s Political Police (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), pp. 463–38.

49.      Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Solzhenitsyn Speaks to the West (London: Bodley Head, 1978), p. 17.

50.      “The Collapse of the World’s Best Political Jokes,” National Review, August 6, 1990, p. 32.

51.      Robert Conquest, “The Human Cost of Soviet Communism” in Document No. 92-36, 92nd Congress, 1st session, U.S. Senate, Judiciary Committee, Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, July 16, 1971, pp. 5–33.

52.      For only one example of Lenin specifically preaching the words “mass terror” (to Grigory Zinoviev) see Lenin, “To G. Zinoviev,” June 20, 1918, Sochineniya (Works) (4th ed.) (Moscow: State Publishing House for Political Literature, 1951), p. 275. For transcripts of Lenin directives, see Pipes, ed, The Unknown Lenin, pp. 1, 3, 8–11, 13–16, 46, 50, 55–6, 61, 63, 69, 71, 116–21, 127–29, and 150–55.

53.      Richard Wurmbrand, Tortured for Christ (Bartlesville, OK: Living Sacrifice Book Company, 1998), p. 65.

54.      Leggett, The Cheka, p. 103.

55.      Orlando Figes, A People’s Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution, cited in Steven Merritt Miner, “A Revolution Doomed From the Start,” New York Times Review of Books, March 9, 1997.

56.      Alexander Yakovlev, A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2002; Pipes, The Unknown Lenin: From the Secret Archive. (Full citations listed earlier.)

57.      Pipes, Communism: A History, pp. 46–47.

58.      Pipes, ed., The Unknown Lenin, p. 50.

59.      See, inter alia, H. G. Wells, An Experiment in Autobiography: Discoveries and Conclusions of a Very Ordinary Brain (Since 1866) (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 1984), pp. 215, 667, and 687–89. Wells made several trips to the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s. See: H. G. Wells, Russia in the Shadows (George H. Doran Company, 1921), pp. 160–62.

60.      Stephane Courtois, et al, The Black Book of Communism (Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 8.

61.      Ibid., p. 15.

62.      Nicolas Werth, in Courtois, et al., Black Book, pp. 103–4.

Chapter 6: The Comintern: Taking the Revolution to the World

1.        Stephane Courtois et al, The Black Book of Communism (Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 271–75.

2.        See Richard Pipes, Communism: A History (New York: A Modern Library Chronicles Book, 2001), p. 93.

3.        V.I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 28 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1965), pp. 477–80.

4.        Barry Lee Woolley, Adherents of Permanent Revolution: A History of the Fourth (Trotskyist) International (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1999), pp. 12–13.

5.        See Richard Pipes, Communism: A History (New York: A Modern Library Chronicles Book, 2001), p. 49. Pipes’s source is A. G. Latyshev, Rassekrechennyi Lenin (Moscow, 1996), p. 40. Also see Leon Trotsky, Socialism in a Separate Country, “The History of the Russian Revolution, Appendix II” (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1934), p. 1244, posted at https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1930/hrr/ch50.htm.

6.        Pipes, Communism: A History, p. 49. Pipes’s source is V.I. Lenin, Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii (Complete Works), 5th ed. (Moscow, 1958–65), vol. 42, p. 1.

7.        Quoted by Leon Trotsky, The History of the Russian Revolution, trans. Max Eastman (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1932), p. 395.

8.        The full quotations from this program are published by Brian Crozier, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire (Rocklin, CA: Forum, 1999), pp. 38–40.

9.        Among other sources, see Brian Crozier, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire (Rocklin, CA: Forum, 1999), pp. 38–40; and Courtois, Black Book, pp. 275–56.

10.      See Pipes, Communism: A History, p. 93.

11.      The Capitalist World and the Communist International Manifesto of the Second Congress of the Third Communist International (Moscow: Publishing Office of the Third Communist International, 1920), p. 23. This is the English-language “American edition” published by the United Communist Party of America.

12.      Ibid., pp. 94–95.

13.      Jane Degras, ed., The Communist International, 1919–1943: Documents, vol. I (London, 1956), pp. 166–72.

14.      The CLP and a faction of the CPA merged in 1920 to form the “United Communist Party.” Later, the CPA and UCP merged under the name of the former—CPA. In 1921, this group changed its name to the “Workers Party of America,” which changed again in 1925 to “Workers (Communist) Party of America.” The name was changed once more in 1929 to “Communist Party USA” (CPUSA). Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov, The Secret World of American Communism (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995), pp. 334–35.

15.      “America’s Top Communists of All Time,” The Washington Post, September 23, 2013. It is said that Harvey Klehr participated in the compilation of this list. Writer Dylan Matthews has objected that certain faithful commies were not included in the list, such as James P. Cannon, Max Shachtman, James Burnham, Max Eastman, Bayard Rustin, Hilary Putnam, Bernardine Dohrn, Bill Ayers, Pete Seeger, Harry Haywood, Harry Dexter White, and Angela Davis. All of these are excellent notable mentions. Fabulous commies.

16.      A typical example was William Schneiderman, code-named “Nat” with an alias of “Sherman,” who was an agent of the NKVD in the 1930s, and was later made head of the Communist Party of California, where he would come into contact with individuals as significant as J. Robert Oppenheimer, the chief scientist at the Manhattan Project. Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, The Venona Secrets (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2000), pp. 258–68.

17.      Theodore Draper, American Communism and Soviet Russia: The Formative Period (Viking, 1960), p. 162.

18.      There was a communist cell operating at The New York Times in the 1930s. In 1938 it splintered from The New York Times and created a publication called The New Times, which was intentionally made to look exactly like The New York Times, from masthead to type style and size. Research into this cell has not been adequately pursued or published. Two researchers who both knew of the cell were the late Herb Romerstein and the Hoover Institution’s Arnold Beichman. Congress was well-aware of the existence of the cell, so much so that Congress investigated it. There is today a full shelf of Congressional reports at the Library of Congress containing this information. The reports just sit there, with no academic researchers bothering to look at them. The Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security of the Senate Judiciary Committee tried to get into the Communist Party unit at The New York Times, but failed to get much information. Nonetheless, one can find material from the committee’s hearings in a 1955 series by the Senate Judiciary Committee, titled, “Strategy and Tactics of World Communism, Recruiting for Espionage,” parts 14, 15, and 16.

19.      This March 2, 1948, document was an inter-office “Office Memorandum: United States Government,” basically an official internal FBI document, written by J. P. Coyne and addressed to assistant FBI director D. M. Ladd.

20.      This document does not contain a date, though it clearly was produced in the summer 1919. Communist Party USA in the Comintern Archives, Library of Congress, Fond 515, Opis 1, Delo 1.

21.      Ibid.

22.      Ibid., Delo 9.

23.      Ibid.

24.      Ibid., Delo 4065. The figures were reported in a confidential CPUSA document titled, “Additional Memorandum on Problems of CPUSA,” under a section titled, “Building the Communist Party.”

25.      Email correspondence between the author and Herb Romerstein, April 16, 2007.

26.      Revelations from the Russian Archives: A Report from the Library of Congress (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1993), p. 29; John E. Haynes and Harvey Klehr, “‘Moscow Gold,’ Confirmed at Last?” Labor History, Vol. 33, No. 2, Spring 1992, pp. 279–93 and Vol. 33, No. 4, Fall 1992, pp. 576–68. Haynes and Klehr actually published receipts signed by Gus Hall, head of CPUSA. See also Harvey Klehr, John E. Haynes, et al., The Secret World of American Communism, p. 24, and Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Kyrill M. Anderson, The Soviet World of American Communism (Yale University Press, 1998), p. 150. The most intriguing source documenting the funding from 1958 to 1980 is John Barron, Operation Solo: The FBI’s Man in the Kremlin (Washington, DC: Regnery, 1996), pp. xv and 339–40. This book tells the remarkable story of Morris Childs, discussed later in this chapter, and gives more details on the funding of CPUSA by the USSR. Herb Romerstein has also reported on the funding in a number of publications.

27.      Klehr, Haynes, et al., The Secret World of American Communism. See also Harvey Klehr, “Setting the Record on Joe McCarthy Straight,” FrontPageMagazine, December 4, 2013.

28.      Herb Romerstein, “From Henry Wallace to William Ayers—the Communist and ‘Progressive’ Movements,” posted at www.usasurvival.org.

29.      Sam Tanenhaus, Whittaker Chambers (New York: Random House, 1997), p. 58.

30.      See Robert D. McFadden, “Khrushchev on Rosenbergs: Stoking Old Embers,” The New York Times, September 25, 1990.

31.      Haynes discussion with Paul Kengor and Herb Romerstein, June 18, 2007, Library of Congress, Madison Building; Romerstein and Breindel, Venona Secrets, p. 233.

32.      See Ronald Radosh and Joyce Milton, The Rosenberg File (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), p. xi; and Robert McFadden, “Khrushchev on Rosenbergs: Stoking Old Embers,” New York Times, September 25, 1990.

33.      See, inter alia, Romerstein and Breindel, Venona Secrets, p. 233.

34.      See Ion Mihai Pacepa and Ron Rychlak, Disinformation.

35.      Allan Ryskind, Hollywood Traitors: Blacklisted Screenwriters—Agents of Stalin, Allies of Hitler (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2015); Larry Ceplair and Steven Englund, The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930–60 (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003).

36.      Anna M. Lawton, The Red Screen (London: Routledge, 2002), p. 58.

37.      William Z. Foster, Toward Soviet America (New York: International Publishers, 1932), pp. 272–73.

38.      Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims (New York: Harper & Row, 1983), p. 64.

39.      Jean Wagner, Black Poets of the United States: From Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes (Chicago and Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973), p. 435; Faith Berry, Langston Hughes: Before and Beyond Harlem (New York: Citadel Press, 1992), pp. 296–97.

40.      Email correspondence between the author and Herb Romerstein, April 16, 2007, and June 23, 2007.

41.      “Investigation of Un-American Activities and Propaganda,” Special Committee on Un-American Activities, 75th Congress, House of Representatives, January 3, 1939, pp. 18–21.

42.      Ibid.

43.      Earl Browder, Report to the 8th Convention, Communist Party (New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1934), p. 104.

44.      M. J. Olgin, Why Communism? (New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1933), p. 95.

45.      “Conditions of Admission to the Communist International,” Party Organizer, February 1931, p. 31.

46.      “Structure and Function of Party Units,” Party Organizer, February 1931, p. 2.

Chapter 7: Uncle Joe

1.        Robert Conquest, “The Great Terror at 40,” www.globalmuseumoncommunism.org.

2.        These numbers come from The Black Book of Communism (p. 198), though other sources report very similar figures. See, among others, the extremely lengthy text of Khrushchev’s 1956 “Crimes of Stalin” speech and also Robert Conquest, The Great Terror (New York: MacMillan, 1973), p. 485.

3.        Courtois, et al., The Black Book of Communism, p. 198.

4.        Divini Redemptoris, Encyclical of Pope Pius XI, March 1937, accessible at https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19370319_divini-redemptoris.html.

5.        Magstadt and Peter M. Schotten, Understanding Politics: Ideas, Institutions, and Issues (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993), p. 69.

6.        See Paul Kengor, “Stalin’s Evil Empire: A Former Soviet Citizen Remembers,” published at the website of the Center for Vision & Values, March 5, 2003, http://www.visionandvalues.org/2003/03/stalins-evil-empire-a-former-soviet-citizen-remembers/.

7.        Janusz Bardach and Kathleen Gleeson, Man is Wolf to Man: Surviving the Gulag (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999).

8.        See, inter alia, Mikhail Heller and Aleksandr Nekrich, Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present (New York: Summit Books, a division of Simon & Schuster, 1986), pp. 66 and 116; David Remnick, “Seasons in Hell,” The New Yorker, April 14, 2003.

9.        “Death in the Kremlin: Killer of the Masses,” Time, March 16, 1953, http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,935828,00.html.

10.      See, inter alia, Pipes, Communism: A History, p. 61; Werth in Courtois, et al., The Black Book of Communism, pp. 159 and 167; and the official website at the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/ukra.html.

11.      Kengor, “Stalin’s Evil Empire: A Former Soviet Citizen Remembers.”

12.      See, inter alia, Steven Erlanger, “Moscow Resurrecting Icon of Its Past Glory,” The New York Times, September 26, 1995; and “A Restored Look for the Long-Ignored Churches of Russia,” Associated Press, July 23, 1976, p. B3.

13.      Brian Crozier, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire (Rocklin, CA: Forum, 1999), pp. 519–21. Also see Kengor, Dupes, pp. 233–34.

14.      Paul Kengor, Dupes: How America’s Adversaries Have Manipulated Progressives for a Century (Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2010), pp. 170–74.

15.      Richard Pipes, “‘Death Solves All Problems,’ He Said,” New York Times, November 10, 1991.

16.      See Kengor, Dupes, p. 165.

17.      H. G. Wells, An Experiment in Autobiography: Discoveries and Conclusions of a Very Ordinary Brain (Since 1866) (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 1984), pp. 215, 667, and 687–89. Wells made several trips to the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s. See: H. G. Wells, Russia in the Shadows (George H. Doran Company, 1921), pp. 160–62.

18.      In the early 1930s, Shaw, who by then was in his seventies, visited the USSR for ten days. See George Bernard Shaw, The Rationalization of Russia (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1964), pp. 73 and 112.

19.      Letter to the editor of the Manchester Guardian published March 2, 1933. Shaw was the author and lead signatory of the letter, followed by twenty other signers. As the letter itself stated, Shaw and all of the twenty others had been “recent visitors to the USSR.”

20.      Bertrand Russell, The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism (Auckland, New Zealand: The Floating Press, 2013—the original edition was published in 1920), p. 4.

21.      U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Select Committee on the Katyn Forest Massacre. The Katyn Forest Massacre: Hearings Before the Select Committee on Conduct and Investigation of the Facts, Evidence and Circumstances of the Katyn Forest Massacre, 82nd Congress, 1st and 2nd Session, 1951–1952 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1952), pp. 2204–7; Laurence Rees, WWII Behind Closed Doors: Stalin, the Nazis and the West (New York: Pantheon, 2008), pp. 248–89.

22.      See, inter alia, Herb Romerstein and Eric Breindel, The Venona Secrets (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2000), pp. 214–16 and 473; Eduard Mark, “Venona’s Source 19 and the ‘Trident’ Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?” Intelligence and National Security, Summer 1998, pp. 1–31.

23.      Colleagues whom I greatly respect, including Ron Radosh, believe that Hopkins was a duped progressive and not a spy and not “Agent 19.” See my discussion in Dupes, pp. 175–80.

24.      Email correspondence with Herb Romerstein, February 13, 2009.

25.      Here, too, see my discussion in Dupes, pp. 162–63 and also Romerstein and Breindel, The Venona Secrets, pp. 210–1.

26.      Milovan Djilas, trans. Michael B. Pterovich, Conversations with Stalin (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962), p. 114.

27.      John T. Rourke, Ralph G. Carter, and Mark A. Boyer, Making American Foreign Policy (New York: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, 1994), p. 140. Also see discussion in Kengor, Dupes, pp. 233–35.

28.      Quoted in David McCullough, Truman (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), p. 262.

29.      Quoted in Alonzo Hamby, Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 313–14.

30.      The large headline on the front page of The Washington Post the next day (February 10, 1946) was “Stalin Blames Capitalism For 2 Wars.”

31.      Antony Beevor, The Fall of Berlin 1945 (New York: Viking-Penguin, 2002), pp. 32–34 and 410–13.

32.      James C. Humes, Eisenhower and Churchill: The Partnership That Saved the World (New York: Random House/Prima Publishing, 2001).

33.      Brinkley speaking on C-SPAN’s “Booknotes,” November 8, 1995.

34.      For a sample of reactions, see: Spencer Warren, “Churchill’s Realism: Reflections on the Fulton Speech,” The National Interest, Winter 1995–1996, pp. 42–44.

35.      Paul Johnson, Modern Times (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), pp. 73–74.

36.      Wurmbrand, Tortured for Christ, pp. 33–38.

37.      Riley, Fulton J. Sheen, p. 149.

38.      H. W. Crocker III, Triumph: The Power and Glory of the Catholic Church (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001), pp. 407–8.

39.      Fulton Sheen described Mindszenty’s martyrdom as “dry” because the cardinal suffered primarily mental torture rather than a physical bloodletting. Sheen would say this many times, first during a 1957 broadcast of his popular television show, “Life Is Worth Living.”

40.      Jozsef Cardinal Mindszenty, Memoirs (New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1974).

41.      The best book on Father Jerzy is Roger Boyes and John Moody’s Messenger of the Truth, which provides these details at great length. See Roger Boyes and John Moody, Messenger of the Truth (Warsaw: Drukarnia Loretanska, 2013). The book was originally published by Boyes and Moody as The Priest and the Policeman (New York: Summit Books, 1987). Also see chapter 26 of Paul Kengor, A Pope and a President: John Paul II, Ronald Reagan, and the Extraordinary Untold Story of the 20th Century (Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books, 2017).

42.      Ibid.

43.      Svetlana Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), p. 9; Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “Twenty Letters to a Father,” The Atlantic, November 1967.

44.      Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters to a Friend, p. 10.

45.      Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago: 1918–56, Vols. I–II (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1973), p. 69.

46.      Ibid.

47.      Ibid., pp. 7–11.

48.      Ibid., p. 10.

49.      Ibid., pp. 8–10. A dramatic account from which I have drawn is provided by Ravi Zacharias in his 1992 Harvard Veritas Forum (audio cassette tape provided by RZIM Ministries, Norcross, Georgia, 1992). Zacharias was told the true story of Stalin’s death by Malcolm Muggeridge, who heard it from a tormented Svetlana.

50.      Ibid., p. 10.

Chapter 8: Mao and Other Monsters: Communism Assaults Asia

1.        M. Stanton Evans and Herb Romerstein, Stalin’s Secret Agents (New York: Simon & Schuster, Threshold Editions, 2012), p. 142.

2.        Edgar Snow, Red Star over China (NY: Random House, 1968).

3.        Ibid., p. 17.

4.        Ibid., p. 90.

5.        Ibid., pp. 90–94.

6.        Ibid., pp. 95–96.

7.        Ibid., pp. 59, 82–83, 104, 345–46, 359–60, 368–89, 386, and 445.

8.        Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Mao’s Secret Famine (New York: Henry Holt, 1996).

9.        Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao (New York: Random House, 1994).

10.      See, inter alia, Pierre Rigoulot, “Crimes, Terror, and Secrecy in North Korea,” in Stephane Courtois, et al, The Black Book of Communism (Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 548.

11.      The official text of the Cairo conference, released December 1, 1943, declared: “The aforesaid three great powers, mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent.” See text posted at http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/cairo.asp.

12.      See, inter alia, Arnold A. Offner, Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945–53 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002), p. 349.

13.      Rigoulot, “Crimes, Terror, and Secrecy,” p. 549.

14.      Christopher Hitchens, “Worse Than 1984: North Korea, Slave State,” Slate, May 2, 2005.

15.      See Pat Roberts interview with CNN’s Wolf Blitzer, “Late Edition,” May 8, 2005, posted at http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0505/08/le.01.html.

16.      David Hawk, “Thank You, Father Kim Il Sung:” Eyewitness Accounts of Severe Violations of Freedom of Thought, Conscience, and Religion in North Korea, United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, November 2005, pp. iv–vi.

17.      David Wallechinsky, “The World’s 10 Worst Dictators,” Parade, February 22, 2004.

18.      Hawk, “Thank You, Father Kim Il Sung:” Eyewitness Accounts, pp. iv-vi.

19.      Rigoulot, “Crimes, Terror, and Secrecy,” pp. 552–53.

20.      Anthony Faiola, “An Act of Subversion, Carried by Balloons,” The Washington Post, August 10, 2005.

21.      Hawk, “Thank You, Father Kim Il Sung,” pp. iv–vi.

22.      Ibid., Eyewitness Accounts, pp. iv–vi.

23.      Ibid.

24.      Bradley K. Martin, Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty, (St. Martin’s Press, 2004).

25.      David Wallechinsky, “The World’s 10 Worst Dictators,” Parade, February 22, 2004.

26.      Hawk, “Thank You, Father Kim Il Sung:” Eyewitness Accounts, pp. iv–vi.

27.      “North Korea’s Funny Man,” Economist, January 26, 1996.

28.      Ibid.

29.      Allan C. Brownfeld, “Ramblings,” St. Croix Review, April 1999, Vol. XXXII, No. 2, pp. 13–14.

30.      Ibid.

31.      “The Carter Interview: Jimmy Carter’s North Korean Notebook,” Atlanta-Journal Constitution, July 3, 1994, p. A12.

32.      Barbara Crossette, “Korean Famine Toll: More Than 2 Million,” New York Times, August 20, 1999.

33.      Ibid.

34.      MacNeil-Lehrer Newshour, PBS, October 20, 1997.

35.      “Fed Up in North Korea,” The Washington Post, April 9, 2000.

36.      James Brooke, “Kim Jong Il’s Ex-chef Lifts Lid on Ruler’s Fancy Tastes,” New York Times, October 20, 2004.

37.      Antony Barnett, “Revealed: The Gas Chamber Horror of North Korea’s Gulag,” The Guardian, February 1, 2004.

38.      Antony Barnett, “Revealed: The Gas Chamber Horror of North Korea’s Gulag” The Guardian, February 1, 2004.

39.      Alex Gore, “Revealed: North Korean Leader Kim Jong-il ‘Died in Fit of Rage after Being Told a Major Dam Had Sprung a Leak,’” London Daily Mail, December 30, 2012.

40.      Julian Ryall, “North Korean Army Minister ‘Executed with Mortar Round,’” London Daily Telegraph, October 24, 2012.

41.      Gavin Fernando, “Inside North Korea’s Secret Sex Parties,” New York Post, April 28, 2016.

42.      Paul Boyer, The American Nation (Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1998), p. 799. My thanks to Jillaine Lambach for sharing this gem with me.

43.      The Black Book of Communism, p. 564.

44.      Nguyen Bich, “Vietnam Under Communism,” http://vietnam.museumoncommunism.org/content/history-7, retrieved June 8, 2017.

45.      Ron Radosh, “Ho Chi Minh Gets White House Praise,” Wall Street Journal, July 26, 2013.

46.      Ibid.

47.      See “Our Communist Founding Fathers” in Paul Kengor, The Communist: Frank Marshall Davis: The Untold Story of Barack Obama’s Mentor (Mercury Ink, 2012).

48.      Dr. Benjamin Spock and Mitchell Zimmerman, Dr. Spock on Vietnam (New York: Dell, 1968), pp. 15–17.

49.      Ian Schwartz, “Obama: ‘Ho Chi Minh Was Actually Inspired by the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution,’” RealClearPolitics, July 26, 2013.

50.      Pope Pius XI, Divini Redemptoris, March 1937.

51.      Seth Jacobs, Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America’s War in Vietnam, 1950–1963 (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), p. 124.

52.      Geoffrey Shaw, The Lost Mandate of Heaven: The American Betrayal of Ngo Dinh Diem, President of Vietnam (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2015), p. 18.

53.      Edwin E. Moise, A to Z of the Vietnam War (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005), p. 9.

54.      President Lyndon B. Johnson, “Remarks on Receiving the National Freedom Award,” February 23, 1966.

55.      Earl Tilford, “Vietnam in the Rear View Mirror,” posted at the website of the Center for Vision & Values, June 1, 2016.

56.      Pascal Fontaine, “Communism in Latin America,” in Stephane Courtois, ed., et al., The Black Book of Communism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 652.

57.      Ronald Reagan, “Farewell Address to the Nation,” Washington, DC, January 11, 1989, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29650.

58.      See Courtois, et al., eds., The Black Book of Communism, pp. 4 and 572–74 and the Victims of Communism website, http://victimsofcommunism.org/tag/vietnam/.

59.      We discussed the various estimates earlier in this book. For a careful analysis of the figures, see the assessment by Jean-Louis Margolin in the chapter on Cambodia in The Black of Communism, particularly pages 588–91. The Black Book considers estimates ranging from Ben Kiernan’s number of 1.5 million to a figure of 3.1 million cited by Pen Sovan, the former secretary general of the People’s Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea, which took power in 1979. The Black Book settles on an estimate of two million, which it contends would equate to one in four or five Cambodians (that is 20–25 percent of Cambodians). If the number is as high as three-plus million, it would equate to closer to 40 percent (or higher) of the pre-Khmer Rouge population.

Chapter 9: Meet Fidel and Che, Two Vicious Commie Nuts Who Wanted to Blow Up the World

1.        Che Guevara, “One year of combat,” El Cubano Libre, January 1958.

2.        The definitive work on Matthews and Cuba is Anthony DePalma, The Man Who Invented Fidel: Castro, Cuba, and Herbert L. Matthews of The New York Times (New York: Public Affairs, 2007).

3.        Herbert L. Matthews, “Cuban Rebel Is Visited in Hideout,” The New York Times, February 24, 1957, p. 1.

4.        Ibid.

5.        Ibid.

6.        For a good summary, see Jonathan Alter, “Taking Sides,” The New York Times, Sunday Book Review, April 23, 2006—a review of Anthony DePalma’s The Man Who Invented Fidel. Alter writes that by 1959 Castro had openly “credited” Matthews’s articles with helping to bring him to power. In 1959, during his celebrated visit to the United States, Castro, writes Alter, “bragged that when Matthews met him in the mountains two years earlier his movement was down to 18 soldiers—one bedraggled column that walked in circles to fool the reporter.”

7.        Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims (New York: Harper & Row, 1983), p. 236.

8.        Ibid., p. 238.

9.        Pascal Fontaine, “Communism in Latin America,” in Stephane Courteos, ed., et al., The Black Book of Communism (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), pp. 648–49.

10.      Humberto Fontova, “Che Guevara Exposed: The Killer on the Lefties’ T-Shirts,” Townhall.com, January 21, 2010.

11.      Fontaine, “Communism in Latin America,” pp. 648–52; Alvaro Vargas Llosa, “The Killing Machine,” New Republic, posted at the website of The Independent Institute, July 11, 2005.

12.      James Kirchick, “Communism’s Victims Deserve a Museum,” The Daily Beast, August 25, 2014.

13.      Paul Berman, “The Cult of Che,” Slate.com, October 30, 1997.

14.      Llosa, “The Killing Machine.”

15.      Ibid.

16.      Ibid.

17.      Ibid.

18.      Ibid.

19.      Fontova, “Che Guevara Exposed.”

20.      Ibid.

21.      Fontaine, “Communism in Latin America,” p. 656.

22.      Fontova, “Che Guevara Exposed.”

23.      Ibid.

24.      Ibid.

25.      Ibid.

26.      Prairie Fire: The Politics of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialism was released in 1974 by the Weather Underground, with the publisher listed as the Communications Company, based in Brooklyn, New York, and San Francisco. To read Praire Fire online, go to https://archive.org/stream/PraireFireThePoliticsOfRevolutionaryAnti-imperialismThePolitical/Prairie-fire_djvu.txt.

27.      Fontova, “Che Guevara Exposed,” pp. 41–42.

28.      Ibid.

29.      Llosa, “The Killing Machine.”

30.      Fontova, “Che Guevara Exposed;” Llosa, “The Killing Machine.”

31.      Llosa, “The Killing Machine,” quoting Philippe Gavi, Che Guevara (Éditions universitaires, 1970).

32.      “On the Brink of Nuclear War” (discussion between Robert McNamara, Keith Payne, and Terence Smith), The Newshour with Jim Lehrer, February 22, 2001.

33.      Ibid.

34.      Ibid.

35.      Ibid.

36.      Sergei Khrushchev, Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower (Penn State University Press, 2001), pp. 627–29.

37.      Ibid., p. 628.

38.      Ibid., p. 630.

39.      Ibid., pp. 637–42.

40.      Ibid.

41.      Fontova, “Che Guevara Exposed.”

42.      Henry Weinstein and Judy Pasternak, “I. F. Stone Dies,” Los Angeles Times, June 19, 1989, p. A1; Mona Charen, Useful Idiots (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2003), p. 89. See also the many tributes posted at http://www.ifstone.org/on_his_death.php.

43.      Hollander, The Survival of the Adversary Culture (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1988), p. 218.

44.      Fontova, “Che Guevara Exposed.”

45.      Ibid.

46.      Ibid.

47.      Llosa, “The Killing Machine.”

48.      Mary Anastasia O’Grady, “Today’s Cuba a Nicer Place? Ask Maritza Lugo,” Wall Street Journal, April 21, 2000; Armando Valladares, “A Firsthand Account of Child Abuse, Castro Style,” Wall Street Journal, May 5, 2000.

49.      See: Fontaine, “Communism in Latin America,” p. 664.

50.      Ibid., p. 656.

51.      Ibid., p. 663.

52.      Such is the estimate in The Black Book of Communism. See: Fontaine, “Communism in Latin America,” p. 664.

Chapter 10: “21st Century Socialism” (Read: Communism)

1.        P. J. O’Rourke, Holidays in Hell (Grove Press, 1988), p. 214.

2.        “Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications (and Appendices),” revised and published December 1, 1961, to supersede Guide published on January 2, 1957 (including Index), prepared and released by the Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC, 87th Congress, 2nd Session, House Document No, 398.

3.        See: Paul Kengor, “The Nation’s Top 50 ‘Progressives’ . . . and Socialists and Communists,” The American Spectator, March 30, 2012.

4.        See the website of the World Socialist Party of the United States: http://www.wspus.org/sample-page/declaration-of-principles/.

5.        Alex Adrianson, “Socialism Can Never Work,” The Insider (Heritage Foundation), Spring 2016, p. 2.

6.        “Lenin’s Political Thought,” posted at the website of the International Socialist Organization’s New York City chapter, http://nycsocialist.org/2014/01/lenins-political-thought-book-club/, retrieved June 13, 2016. Also see: Spyridon Mitsotakis, “Inside the Leftist Religion That Worships Murder and Mayhem,” Conservative Review, May 29, 2016.

7.        Carl Davidson, “21st century socialism: What makes it different?” People’s World, April 6, 2016.

8.        See: Volkogonov, Lenin, pp. 372–74.

9.        Geoffrey Jacques, “What we talk about when we talk about socialism,” People’s World, June 8, 2016.

10.      “Socialism of the 21st Century,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century, retrieved July 6, 2016.

11.      Juan Forero, “Hugo Chávez, Passionate but Polarizing Venezuelan President, Dead at 58,” The Washington Post, March 5, 2013.

12.      Jonathan P. Hicks, “Venezuela’s Leader to Send Heating Oil to the South Bronx,” New York Times, November 26, 2005, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/26/nyregion/venezuelas-leader-to-send-heating-oil-to-south-bronx.html?_r=0.

13.      Nathan Crooks and Jose Orozco, “Chávez Price Caps Spark Panic Buying of Coffee, Toilet Paper,” Bloomberg News, November 25, 2011.

14.      Nathan Crooks and Jose Orozco, “Chávez Price Caps Spark Panic Buying of Coffee, Toilet Paper,” Bloomberg News, November 25, 2011.

15.      “The Collapse of the World’s Best Political Jokes,” National Review, August 6, 1990, p. 32.

16.      Nathan Crooks and Jose Orozco, “Chávez Price Caps Spark Panic Buying of Coffee, Toilet Paper,” Bloomberg News, November 25, 2011.

17.      Ibid.

18.      Forero, “Hugo Chávez, Passionate but Polarizing Venezuelan President.”

19.      Ibid.

20.      Ibid.

21.      Andrew Clark, “Chávez Creates Overnight Bestseller with Book Gift to Obama,” Guardian, April 19, 2009.

22.      Barack Obama, Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance (New York: Times Books, 1995), pp. 100–101.

23.      See a very instructive analysis at the www.worldsocialism.org website, “Hugo Chávez: ‘21st Century Socialist’ or Populist Strongman?” http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2010s/2013/no-1304-april-2013/hugo-Chávez-%E2%80%9821st-century-socialist%E2%80%99-or-populist-st, retrieved July 6, 2016.

24.      “Hugo Chávez: ‘21st Century Socialist’ or Populist Strongman?” World Socialism, http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2010s/2013/no-1304-april-2013/hugo-Chávez-%E2%80%9821st-century-socialist%E2%80%99-or-populist-st, contains very instructive analysis.

25.      Forero, “Hugo Chávez, Passionate but Polarizing Venezuelan President.”

26.      John Sparks, “The Truth about Socialism (Part 1): The Venezuelan Disaster,” The Center for Vision & Values, June 21, 2016, www.visionandvalues.org.

27.      Ronald Reagan, “Remarks to the National Federation of Independent Business,” Washington DC, June 22, 1983.

28.      John Sparks, “The Truth about Socialism (Part 1): The Venezuelan Disaster.”

29.      “Venezuela Today Looks like Zimbabwe 15 Years Ago,” The Economist, April 2, 2016.

30.      John Sparks, “The Truth About Socialism (Part 2): Venezuela Destroys Its Currency,” posted at the website of the Center for Vision & Values, www.visionandvalues.org, July 7, 2016.

31.      John Sparks, “The Truth About Socialism (Part 2): Venezuela Destroys Its Currency,” posted at the website of the Center for Vision & Values, July 7, 2016, www.visionandvalues.org.

32.      Steve H. Hanke, “R. I. P. Zimbabwe Dollar,” Cato Institute report, http://www.cato.org/zimbabwe.

33.      “Venezuela: New Regime Effectively Amounts to Forced Labor,” July 28, 2016, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/07/venezuela-new-regime-effectively-amounts-to-forced-labour/.

34.      “Zimbabwe 100 Trillion Dollars Banknotes, AA /2008, P-91, UNC,100 Trillion Series,” http://banknoteworld.com/shop/Zimbabwe-100-Trillion-Dollar-Banknote.html?gclid=CN-68K6m5s0CFQkfhgodhF0I5A.

35.      July 9, 2016, mail from Mark Hendrickson, economics professor at Grove City College.

36.      Gabriel Hetland, “Why Is Venezuela in Crisis?” The Nation, August 17, 2016.

37.      For a summary, see J. P. Carroll, “Flashback: All Those People Who Praised Chávez’s Socialism,” The Daily Caller, May 22, 2016, posted at http://dailycaller.com/2016/05/22/flashback-to-all-the-people-who-praised-Chávezs-socialism/ and Ben Kew, “10 Famous People Who Praised Venezuela’s Descent Into Socialist Hell,” Breitbart, May 4, 2017, posted at http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2017/05/04/ten-influential-public-figures-praised-venezuelas-descent-socialist-hell/.

38.      Daniel Miller, “Hugo Chávez Can’t Be embalmed Because His Body Was Already Decomposing, Officials Reveal,” Daily Mail, March 15, 2013.

Chapter 11: Why Doesn’t Everybody Know Communism’s Appalling Track Record?

1.        See “Little Change in Public’s Response to ‘Capitalism,’ ‘Socialism,’” Pew Research Center, December 28, 2011, http://www.people-press.org/2011/12/28/little-change-in-publics-response-to-capitalism-socialism/.

2.        See Emily Ekins, “Millennials Don’t Know What ‘Socialism’ Means,” Reason, July 16, 2014, http://reason.com/poll/2014/07/16/millennials-dont-know-what-socialism-mea; Emily Ekins and Joy Pullmann, “Why So Many Millennials Are Socialist,” The Federalist, February 15, 2016, http://thefederalist.com/2016/02/15/why-so-many-millennials-are-socialists/; and Emily Ekins, “Millennials Like Socialism—Until They Get Jobs,” The Washington Post, March 24, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/03/24/millennials-like-socialism-until-they-get-jobs/?utm_term=.c2b608327058.

3.        See Ekins, “Millennials Like Socialism”; Aubree Poole, “Gallup: 69% of Millennials Ready for a Socialist President,” Red Alert Politics, July 5, 2016, http://redalertpolitics.com/2016/07/05/gallup-69-millennials-ready-socialist-president/.

4.        Ronald Radosh, “Rehab for Reds,” Weekly Standard, May 16, 2016.

5.        Ronald Radosh, “Bernie’s Adventures on a Stalinist Kibbutz,” PJ Media, February 6, 2016 https://pjmedia.com/ronradosh/2016/02/06/bernies-adventures-on-a-stalinist-kibbutz/.

6.        Daniel Greenfield, “Bernie Sanders Spent Months at Marxist-Stalinist Kibbutz,” FrontPageMagazine, February 4, 2016, posted at http://www.frontpagemag.com/point/261724/bernie-sanders-spent-months-marxist-stalinist-daniel-greenfield.

7.        Tim Mak, “Bernie’s Past with the Far Far Far Left,” The Daily Beast, January 30, 2016.

8.        John Bachtell, “The Sanders campaign, political revolution, and the 2016 election,” People’s World, February 25, 2016.

9.        Ronald Radosh, “Rehab for Reds,” Weekly Standard, May 16, 2016.

10.      Malcolm Harris, “Who’s Afraid of Communism?” New Republic, April 27, 2016.

11.      Pecinovsky’s bio page at the People’s World website describes him as “the bureau chief of the Missouri/Kansas Friends of the People’s World.”

12.      Tony Pecinovsky, “New book offers inside look at Soviet Communist Party discipline,” People’s World, May 19, 2016.

13.      See, inter alia, V. I. Lenin, Collected Works, Vol. 31: April-December 1920 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977), p. 291; “On Soviet Morality,” Time, February 16, 1981, p. 17; and my lengthy discussion of this quotation and Lenin’s thinking in Paul Kengor, Dupes: How America’s Adversaries Have Manipulated Progressives for a Century (Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2010), pp. 371–76.

14.      This quotation is well established. For a current source documenting it nicely, see Barry Popkin, who, among other bona fides, is a contributor to the Oxford English Dictionary. At his website Popkin lists at least a half-dozen contemporaneous books (all by reputable, leading publishers of their day, such as MacMillan and Viking) with very similar variations of the quote, including Harry Greenwall’s Mirrors of Moscow (1929), Bruce Hopper’s What Russia Intends (1931), Margaret (Reibold) Craig-McKerrow’s The Iron Road to Samarcand (1932), Thomas Woody’s New Minds: New Men? (1932), and Walter Duranty’s Duranty Reports Russia (1934). Duranty, of course, was the Pulitzer Prize-winning (and infamous) New York Times correspondent on Moscow. Duranty reported the Lenin quotation this way: “Give me four years to teach the children, and the seed I shall have sown will never be uprooted” (Duranty Reports Russia, p. 175).

15.      Lenin was said to have made this statement to his Commissars of Education in 1923. The full quotation: “We must hate—hatred is the basis for communism. Children must be taught to hate their parents if they are not communists. If they are, then the child need not respect them; need no longer worry about them.” This quotation was cited in the Congressional Record of April 1, 1933, pp. 1538–39, in an insertion by Senator Arthur R. Robinson.

16.      Daniel J. Flynn, “The Sixties’ Road to Rutgers and Beyond,” American Spectator, May 9, 2014; Ralph Toledano, Cry Havoc!, The Great American Bring-down and How it Happened (Washington, DC: Anthem Books, 2006), pp. 151–53, 159, 188, and 191; Jonah Goldberg, Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, from Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning (Doubleday, 2008).

17.      Rorty was bracingly candid in his message to parents: “We are going to go right on trying to discredit you in the eyes of your children, trying to strip your fundamentalist religious community of dignity, trying to make your views seem silly rather than discussable.” Robert B. Brandom, ed., Rorty and his Critics (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000), pp. 21–22.

18.      David Horowitz, The Black Book of the American Left: Volume II: Progressives (Los Angeles: Second Thoughts Books, 2013), p. 138.

19.      Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, ed. Martin Malia (Penguin Signet Classics, 1998), p. 71.

20.      William W. Brickman, ed., John Dewey’s Impressions of Soviet Russia and the Revolutionary World, Mexico-China-Turkey 1929 (New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1964), p. 17.

21.      Ibid., pp. 17–18.

22.      Ibid., p. 18.

23.      Ibid.

24.      Henry T. Edmondson III, John Dewey and the Decline of American Education (Wilmington, Delaware: ISI Books, 2006), pp. 10–11.

25.      Strong’s trip took place in either 1922 or 1923.

26.      Brickman, ed., John Dewey’s Impressions, p. 19.

27.      Nearly every Russian document in the Comintern Archives of Communist Party USA, which I have viewed at great length in the holdings at the Library of Congress, has a German translation.

28.      Albert P. Pinkevich, The New Education in the Soviet Republic (New York: John Day, 1929), p. vi.

29.      Thomas Woody, New Minds, New Men? (New York: Macmillan, 1932), pp. 47–48.

30.      During his trip to the USSR in the summer of 1928, Dewey attended an educational conference organized by Professor Kalashnikov. They apparently hit it off quite well. It was ten days after the conference that Kalashnikov sent Dewey the two-volume encyclopedia.

31.      Quoted in Jay Martin, The Education of John Dewey: A Biography (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), p. 354.

32.      See my three chapters on Dewey in Paul Kengor, Dupes: How America’s Adversaries Have Manipulated Progressives for a Century (Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2010).

33.      Brickman, ed., John Dewey’s Impressions, pp. 19–20 and 58n.

34.      Ibid., p. 72.

35.      The collection of essays was published in 1929 by New Republic, Inc. They were reprinted in Brickman, ed., John Dewey’s Impressions, which was published by the Teachers College at Columbia University.

36.      Ibid., pp. 74 and 89.

37.      Ibid., pp. 74–75.

38.      Ibid., pp. 75–76.

39.      Ibid., p. 75. Brickman supplies this information in a note to Dewey’s essay.

40.      Ibid., pp. 78–80.

41.      Ibid., pp. 78–80.

42.      Ibid., p. 79.

43.      For the record, Dewey would later repudiate Stalin and Stalinism—but not Trotskyism. He was enlisted by a cabal of American liberals, “progressives,” Trotskyites, and assorted fellow travelers and useful idiots in the mid-1930s to defend Trotsky as he was put on trial in absentia by Stalin. That made Dewey an anti-Stalinist. In April 1934, the year that Stalin’s Red Terror rampage began, Dewey wrote a short essay titled, “Why I Am Not a Communist,” published in Modern Monthly. It is clear from the essay that Dewey’s problems were not so much with communism as a philosophy as much as official “Communism” as it was being pursued by Stalin and the Soviet Union at the time. In fact he said that he objected to “Communism, official Communism, spelt with a capital letter.”

44.      Bella V. Dodd, School of Darkness (New York: Devin-Adair, 1954), pp. 3, 33–35, 39–41, and 42–43. On George Countss’ Moscow pilgrimage with John Dewey, see Kengor, Dupes, pp. 66 and 102.

45.      Ibid. pp. 47, 60, and 159.

46.      Many people have written on this subject. Dodd herself addressed her vigorous recruitment of communist seminarians in a speech at Fordham University and in her fascinating testimony before the U.S. Congress. See “Communist Leader, Dr Bella Dodd, Confesses to Infiltrating the Church & USA,” Youtube, April 24, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37HgRWTsGs0. One of the leading authorities on the subject is Mary A. Nicholas, an expert on Dodd who has interviewed the legendary Alice von Hildebrand on this precise question of Dodd recruiting communist men for Catholic seminaries. Von Hildebrand (widow of the renowned German Roman Catholic philosopher and theologian Dietrich von Hildebrand, who was persecuted by Hitler), who taught at both Hunter and Fordham and knew Dodd personally, says that Dodd told her that the number of men she recruited was “approximately 1,200.” I have exchanged many emails on this subject with Dr. Nicholas in recent years. For a recent and accessible online piece in the mainstream Catholic press (which uses the number 1,100), see Matthew Pittam, “Fulton Sheen Will Be Canonized—but When?” Catholic Herald, October 4, 2015. Also see “Testimony of Bella V. Dodd,” United States Senate, Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, March 10, 1953, pp. 511-46.

47.      Sheen also brought Daily Worker editor Louis Budenz back to the faith. At the time of Budenz’s reversion, his name was still on the masthead. His wife and three daughters also came into the Church. Thomas C. Reeves, America’s Bishop: The Life and Times of Fulton J. Sheen (Encounter Books, 2001), pp. 170–73.

48.      Bella Dodd, School of Darkness, p. 214.

49.      Whittaker Chambers, Witness (Washington: Regnery, 1952), pp. 242 and 264.

50.      Bella Dodd, School of Darkness, p. 150.

51.      “Communist Leader, Dr Bella Dodd.” See the 1:09:35 marker for this particular passage.

52.      William Z. Foster, Toward Soviet America (New York: Coward-McCann, 1932). This is a very revealing book by the head of the CPUSA.

53.      Ibid.

54.      “American Federation of Teachers Endorses Clinton,” People’s World, July 14, 2015; “Teachers’ Convention Celebrates History, Vision for Future, Clinton Support,” People’s World, July 25, 2016.

55.      “Moral Monday Leader a Hit at AFT convention,” People’s World, July 14, 2014.

56.      “At AFT Meet, Energized Resistance to Attacks on Education,” People’s World, July 17, 2014.

57.      “Richard Trumka, 10,000 Union Members Flood Maryland State Capitol,” People’s World, March 15, 2011.

58.      See “About Us” section at the website of People’s World, http://www.peoplesworld.org/about-the-peoples-world/.

59.      “Richard Trumka, 10,000 Union Members Flood Maryland State Capitol,” People’s World, March 15, 2011.

60.      “Amistad Awards Inspire Unity, Struggle,” People’s World, December 6, 2013.

Chapter 12: Cultural Marxism and the New Left

1.        Paul Kengor, Takedown: From Communists to Progressives, How the Left Has Sabotaged Family and Marriage (Washington, DC: WND Books, 2015), ch. 17, “Communists and Homosexuality.”

2.        “2015–2017 Platform,” Socialist Party USA, http://socialistparty-usa.net/platform.

3.        See “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) Rights: Passed at the DSA Convention November 2011,” http://www.dsausa.org/lesbian_gay_bisexual_transgender_and_queer_lgbtq_rights.

4.        Press Release, “Gay Pride Month: Communists stand in solidarity,” Communist Party USA, June 24, 2006.

5.        For an early document on the founding of the Marx-Engels Institute see L.B. “The Marx-Engels Institute (Translated from La Critique sociale, no. 2, July 1931pp. 51–2,” http://www.marxists.org/archive/riazanov/bio/bio02.htm.

6.        Ralph de Toledano, Cry Havoc! The Great American Bring-down and How it Happened (Washington, DC: Anthem Books, 2006), p. 27.

7.        Ibid., p. 25.

8.        Ibid.

9.        Samuel Gregg, “The Most Dangerous Socialist in History,” The Stream, July 25, 2016.

10.      See Peter Hasson, “New York City Lets You Choose From 31 Different Gender Identities,” The Daily Caller, May 24, 2016, http://dailycaller.com/2016/05/24/new-york-city-lets-you-choose-from-31-different-gender-identities/. The list of gender identities for New York City is posted online at http://www.nyc.gov/html/cchr/downloads/pdf/publications/GenderID_Card2015.pdf.

11.      See, inter alia, Rhiannon Williams, “Facebook’s 71 Gender Options,” London Telegraph, June 27, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/10930654/Facebooks-71-gender-options-come-to-UK-users.html and Paul Kengor, “Girl Boy Scouts . . . and 71 Other ‘Gender’ Options,” Crisis, February 9, 2017.

12.      Critical Theory & Social Justice, Occidental College, www.oxy.edu/critical-theory-social-justice, September 30, 2016.

13.      Ibid.

14.      Michael Walsh, The Devil’s Pleasure Palace: The Cult of Critical Theory and the Subversion of the West (Enounter, 2015).

15.      Toledano, Cry Havoc!, pp. 96 and 105.

16.      Wilhelm Reich, Passion of Youth: Wilhelm Reich: An Autobiography (New York: Farrar, Giroux, and Strauss, 1988), pp. 4–46 and Colin Wilson, The Quest for Wilhelm Reich (New York: Doubleday, 1981), p. 29.

17.      See “Reich, Wilhelm (1897–1957)” Encyclopedia of Marxism, http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/r/e.htm#reich-wilhelm.

18.      Donald De Marco and Benjamin Wiker, Architects of the Culture of Death (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2006), p. 227.

19.      “Morals: The Second Sexual Revolution,” Time, January 24, 1964.

20.      Ariel Levy, “Novelty Acts,” The New Yorker, September 19, 2011. Another man who merits this title is arguably Alfred Kinsey, whose sexual anarchism was possibly to the left of even Reich.

21.      De Marco and Wiker, Architects of the Culture of Death, pp. 222 and 231–12.

22.      Toledano, Cry Havoc!, pp. 6–23; Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research 1923-50 (Boston: Little, Brown, & Company, 1973), p. 28.

23.      Ronald Aronson, “Marcuse Today,” Boston Review, November 17, 2014.

24.      Here the website provides a hyperlink to “polymorphous perversity,” which defines it thusly: “Polymorphous perversity is a Freudian term referring to unfocused, infantile sexuality. In Freudian terms, as individuals mature, the focus of their sexuality passes from polymorphous perversity through oral and anal stages to culminate in adult, genitally focused sexuality. More generally, the term is used to indicate the ability to derive erotic pleasure from any part of the body.”

25.      Jeffrey Escoffier, “Marcuse, Herbert,” GLBTQ Archive, 2004, http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/marcuse_h_S.pdf.

26.      Ibid.

27.      Ronald Aronson, “Marcuse Today,” Boston Review, November 17, 2014.

28.      Toledano, Cry Havoc!, pp. 78–83.

29.      Walter Benjamin, “On the Concept of History,” 1940, https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/benjamin/1940/history.htm.

30.      Eric Jacobson, “Metaphysics of the Profane: The Political Theology of Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem” (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), p. 245, n67.

31.      Donna Roberts and Daniel Garza Usabiaga, “The Use of Lucifer: A Comparative Analysis of the Figures of Lucifer and Satan in the Writings of Roger Caillois and Walter Benjamin,” http://www.academia.edu/6014358/The_Use_Value_of_Lucifer_A_Comparative_Analysis_of_the_Figures_of_Lucifer_and_Satan_in_the_Writings_of_Roger_Caillois_and_Walter_Benjamin_in_the_1930s.

32.      Ibid.

33.      Ray Man, “Monument a D.A.F. de Sade (1933),” Art Stack: The World’s favorite art, https://theartstack.com/artist/man-ray/monument-a-d-f-de-sa.

34.      Ernst, Max, “The Blessed Virgin Chastises the Infant Jesus Before Three Witnesses (1926)” artnet http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/kachur/kachur7-21-05_detail.asp?picnum=2.

35.      Benjamin’s interest in aesthetics and art criticism permeated throughout his works. This more esoteric, non-analytical approach to philosophy is characteristic of Benjamin’s work.

36.      David Biale, Gershom Scholem: Kabbalah and Counter-History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982), pp. 136-38 and n94; and Roberts and Usabiaga, The Use of Lucifer, p. 6.

37.      See: Otto Karl Werckmeister, Icons of the Left: Benjamin and Einstein, Picasso and Kafka after the Fall (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), p. 9.

38.      Roberts and Usabiaga, The Use of Lucifer, pp. 6–7.

39.      Max Horkheimer, Critical Theory (New York: Seabury Press, 1982), p. 244.

40.      Kam Shapiro, “Walter Benjamin, the Kabbalah, and Secularism,” AJS Perspectives: The Magazine for the Association for Jewish Studies, Spring 2011.

41.      Email correspondence between the author and David Horowitz, November 13, 2014.

42.      See: Mallory Millett, “Marxist Feminism’s Ruined Lives,” Front Page Magazine, September 2, 2014.

43.      Ibid.

44.      Ibid.

45.      Ibid.

46.      Ibid.

47.      Among many sources for the “dig it” quotation, see “The Seeds of Terror,” New York Times Magazine, November 22, 1981.

48.      See Paul Kengor, Dupes: How America’s Adversaries Have Manipulated Progressives for a Century (Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2010, pp. 338–39. In 1980, David Horowitz interviewed thirty members of the Weather Underground who had been present at the “War Council.” He said not one of them doubted that Dohrn was serious. David Horowitz, “Allies in War,” FrontPage Magazine, September 17, 2001, http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=24446.

49.      Grathwohl shared this with me on two occasions, including at a July 2012 event at the National Press Club the summer before he unexpectedly passed away. I have written about Grathwohl in my 2010 book Dupes and in a tribute published after his death: Paul Kengor, “RIP, Larry Grathwohl, Weather Underground Infiltrator,” American Spectator, July 26, 2013.

50.      Mark Rudd, Underground: My Life with SDS and the Weather Underground (NY: William Morrow, 2009), p. 189.

51.      The best and most recent work on the Weather Underground is by Bryan Burrough. For a good summary article, based on his important 2015 book, Days of Rage, see: Bryan Burrough, “Meet the Weather Underground’s Bomb Guru,” Vanity Fair, March 29, 2015.

52.      Dinitia Smith, “No Regrets for a Love of Explosives; in a Memoir of Sorts, a War Protester Talks of Life with the Weathermen,” New York Times, September 11, 2001, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/11/books/no-regrets-for-love-explosives-memoir-sorts-war-protester-talks-life-with.html.

53.      The directory page listing Dohrn, who appears to have recently retired, is located here: http://directory.northwestern.edu/?query=Bernardine+Dohrn.

54.      See: https://billayers.org/biographyhistory/.

55.      This is an infamous remark by Bill Ayers. As to its origins, see, among others: David Horowitz, Radical Son (New York: The Free Press, 1997), pp. 333–34.

56.      Smith, “No Regret.”

57.      See, for instance: William Ayers, Jean Ann Hunt, and Therese Quinn, eds., Teaching for Social Justice: A Democracy and Education Reader (New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 1998); and William Ayers, Michael Klonsky, and Gabrielle H. Lyon, eds., A Simple Justice: The Challenge of Small Schools (New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 2000). More recently, and outside of Columbia University’s press, see: William Ayers, Therese Quinn, and David Stovall, eds., Handbook for Social Justice in Education (New York: Routledge, 2008).

58.      See Rudd’s website: http://www.markrudd.com/.

59.      Mark Rudd, Underground: My Life with SDS and the Weathermen (NY: William Morrow, 2009), p. 146.

60.      “Duncan Praised as ‘Bona Fide Reformer’ of Chicago Education System,” FoxNews.com, December 16, 2008.

61.      See previous citations, especially: William Ayers, Michael Klonsky, and Gabrielle H. Lyon, eds., A Simple Justice: The Challenge of Small Schools (New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 2000).

62.      Alinsky said this in his 1972 interview with Playboy magazine. It is known as “The Interview with Saul Alinsky, Part Ten,” and available on many admiring progressive websites.

63.      These letters were disclosed in September 2014 by the Washington Free Beacon. For a detailed analysis of Hillary and Alinsky and Saul’s peculiar interest in Lucifer, see my piece: Paul Kengor, “The Hillary-Alinsky-Lucifer Connection,” The American Spectator, July 26, 2016.

64.      See Tal Kopan, “Polygraph Panic: CIA director Fretted [over] His Vote for Communist,” CNN, September 15, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/15/politics/john-brennan-cia-communist-vote/. I wrote about this in Paul Kengor, “Did Barack Obama Vote Communist in 1980?,” American Spectator, September 27, 2016, https://spectator.org/did-barack-obama-vote-communist-in-1980/.

65.      “Interview: Angela Davis,” Frontline PBS), spring 1997, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/race/interviews/davis.html.

66.      “Angela Y. Davis,” Marcuse.org, http://www.marcuse.org/herbert/scholaractivists/AngDavisBioBib88.htm.

67.      Ibid.

68.      Roger Kimball, “Angela Davis and Radical Chic,” Wall Street Journal, June 6, 2016.

69.      Horowitz, Radical Son, p. 334.

70.      The bio is posted at www.columbia.edu/cu/ssw/faculty/adjunct/boudin.html.

71.      See the Angela Davis bio posted at the website of the Women’s March: https://www.womensmarch.com/honorary-cochairs/.

72.      See the transcript of Davis’s remarks posted at http://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a42337/angela-davis-womens-march-speech-full-transcript/.

73.      The actual title, as posted at the Bard College website, is “Visiting Alger Hiss Professor of History and Literature.” See, inter alia, “An Alger Hiss Chair in Social Studies?” History News Network, January 22, 2004, posted at http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/2915.

Chapter 13: Communism Today

1.        See Christopher Hitchens, “The Old Man,” The Atlantic, July/August 2004.

2.        “Report of the President’s Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy,” better known as the Warren Commission report,” chapter 7, pp. 404–5, http://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report/chapter-7.html.

3.        See “Welcome to the Revolution: The Voice of the Revolutionary Communist Party USA,” http://revcom.us/.

4.        “Six Resolutions of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Communist Party,” January 1, 2016, http://revcom.us/a/423/six-resolutions-of-the-Central-Committee-of-the-RCP-USA-en.html.

5.        Ibid.

6.        Quoted by Spyridon Mitsotakis, “Community Church of New York: Pacifists Suspended, Maoists Welcome,” FrontPageMagazine.com, July 1, 2014.

7.        Eric Owens, “Meet the Fringe Communist Agitators Who Are Trying to Bring Revolution to Riot-Torn Milwaukee,” Daily Caller, August 17, 2016.

8.        Peter Wilson, “The Revolutionary Communist Party’s Little Yellow Book,” American Thinker, October 18, 2011.

9.        “Six Resolutions.”

10.      Ibid.

11.      Spyridon Mitsotakis, “Maoist Church Saga,” FrontPageMagazine.com, July 21, 2014.

12.      Email correspondence between the author and John Rossomando, July 24, 2016.

13.      Peter Wilson, “The Revolutionary Communist Party’s Little Yellow Book,” American Thinker, October 18, 2011.

14.      See Mark Rudd, Underground: My Life with SDS and the Weathermen (New York: William Morrow, 2009), p. 43.

15.      Brent Hellendoorn, “Barack Obama on Collective Salvation,” Youtube, December 22, 2010, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLgHlYjJvXk.

16.      Paul Kengor, “How Obama Made Good on His Promise to Fundamentally Transform U.S.A.,” CNS News, January 16, 2017, http://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/dr-paul-kengor/how-obama-made-good-his-promise-fundamentally-transform-united-states.

17.      See my book on Frank Marshall Davis and his relationship with the future President Obama: Paul Kengor, The Communist: Frank Marshall Davis: The Untold Story of Barack Obama’s Mentor (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012).

18.      See, inter alia, Scott Shane, “Obama and ’60s Bomber: A Look into Crossed Paths,” The New York Times, October 4, 2008, p. A1.

19.      See index of “Investigations of Students for a Democratic Society,” Part 7-A, Hearings Before the Committee on Internal Security, House of Representatives, 91st Congress, First Session, December 9–11 and 16, 1969.

20.      Daniel J. Flynn, “Obama’s Boys of Summer,” City Journal, June 2008.

21.      These four reportedly signed online petitions calling for an “independent grassroots effort” to strengthen Senator Obama’s presidential campaign. In addition to the signers who hailed from Progressives for Obama, like Mark Rudd, these petition signers also included Howard Machtinger, Jeff Jones, and Steve Tappis. Aaron Klein, “4 Weathermen Terrorists Declare Support for Obama,” WorldNetDaily.com, October 2, 2008.

22.      Thomas Good, “MDS Conference Elects Manning Marable Chair of MDS, Inc.,” Next Left Notes, February 20, 2007.

23.      Cliff Kincaid, “Terrorists on Tour,” Accuracy in Media, April 23, 2009. The words I quote were from an April 22, 2009 press conference on the release of Rudd’s book, Underground: My Life With SDS and the Weathermen, cited above.

24.      Tom Hayden, “Obama and the Open and Unexpected Future,” CommonDreams.org, June 8, 2008.

25.      Ibid.

26.      Congressional Progressive Caucus, https://cpc-grijalva.house.gov/.

27.      Email correspondence between the author and John Rossomando, June 24–25, 2016.

28.      Congressional Progressive Caucus.

29.      John Rossomando, “Obama Campaigned before Socialist Group in ’96,” Breitbar, October 23, 2010.

30.      Paul Berman, “Why Bill de Blasio’s Nicaraguan Work Worries Me,” New Republic, September 30, 2013.

31.      “De Blasio Visited Communist USSR in College,” New York Post, November 3, 2013.

32.      See Cliff Kincaid, “America’s First Openly Marxist Big City Mayor,” http://www.aim.org/aim-column/americas-first-openly-marxist-big-city-mayor/.

33.      “Announcing the Communist Party Convention, June 2014!,” Communist Party USA, November 27, 2013, www.cpusa.org/article/announcing-the-communist-party-convention-june-2014/.

34.      John Tagliabue, “Industrialized Eastern Bloc Faces Pollution Crisis,” New York Times, October 25, 1987, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/25/world/industrialized-eastern-bloc-faces-pollution-crisis.html?pagewanted=all.

35.      Vaness Piao, “Among China’s Smog Worries, One More: Counterfeit Masks,” New York Times, December 10, 2015.

36.      Joelle Fishman, “Get on Board the CT Climate Train,” People’s World, September 15, 2014.

37.      See John Bachtell, “Envisioning a modern, democratic, peaceful, and green socialism,” People’s World, June 15, 2016 and C. J. Atkins, “Clinton Will Win Nomination, but Sanders’ Revolution Can’t Quit Now,” People’s World, April 22, 2016.

38.      “Put People before Profits: Help Build a Movement to Transform This Country: Announcing the 30th Convention of the Communist Party USA June 13–15, posted at http://www.cpusa.org/article/announcing-the-communist-party-convention-june-2014/.

39.      See chapters 2, 7, and 8 of my book Dupes.

40.      The best source on this is Ronald Steel. See: Steel, In Love With Night, pp. 27 and 46-50.

41.      Steel, In Love with Night, pp. 49–50.

42.      This quotation has been reported a handful times (without elaboration), including by: Steel, In Love with Night, p. 120; Sean Wilentz, “Bobby Kennedy, You Were No Bobby Kennedy,” New York Times Review of Books, January 9, 2000; and Evan Thomas, Robert Kennedy: His Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 316. The original full quotation is published in Edwin O. Guthman and Jeffrey Shulman, eds., Robert Kennedy: In His Own Words (NY: Bantam, 1988), p. 204. When read in full context, it isn’t entirely clear what Kennedy meant by the “in love with death” assessment. My sense is that he was probably referring to intransigent liberals who were willing to kill an entire piece of (worthwhile) civil-rights legislation if they didn’t get exactly what they wanted.

43.      Steel, In Love with Night, p. 165.

44.      Senator John F. Kennedy, “Commencement Address at Assumption College,” Worcester, Massachusetts, June 3, 1955.

45.      These words are taken from the Public Presidential Papers of Kennedy, specifically the volumes for the years 1961 (p. 341) and 1962 (p. 723n). Also see: Walker, Martin, The Cold War and the Making of the Modern World, (London, 1993), p. 132; and Hobsbawm, Eric, The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991, (New York: Pantheon Books, 1994), p. 231.

46.      See Sam Webb, “Defeat for the Right, Victory for the People & Democracy,” Webb’s report to CPUSA’s National Committee, November 17, 2012, posted at http://www.cpusa.org/article/defeat-for-the-right-victory-for-the-people-democracy/.

47.      See “CPUSA Statement to 17th International Meeting of Communist and Workers’ Parties,” November 11, 2015, posted at www.cpusa.org.

48.      See Gabe Falsetta, “Left Unity Championed at New York Meet,” People’s World, June 12, 2013, http://www.peoplesworld.org/left-unity-championed-at-new-york-meet/.

49.      See the website of Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism: http://www.cc-ds.org/.

50.      Falsetta, “Left Unity Championed at New York Meet.”

51.      Barack Obama speaking in Columbia, Missouri, October 30, 2008.

52.      John Bachtell, “Envisioning a modern, democratic, peaceful, and green socialism,” People’s World, June 15, 2016.

Chapter 14: Commies Just Love Blacks and Women

1.        Peter Wilson, “The Revolutionary Communist Party’s Little Yellow Book,” American Thinker, October 18, 2011.

2.        Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Kirill Anderson, The Soviet World of American Communism (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998), p. 219. This source specifically points to the 1928–1930 period. Beyond this source, one can see this reality abundantly evident in the materials from the late 1920s and early 1930s in the Comintern Archives on CPUSA. See also “The American Negro in the Communist Party,” Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives, 79th Congress, Second Session, Washington, DC, December 22, 1954, pp. 5–7.

3.        J. Edgar Hoover, Masters of Deceit (NY: Henry Holt, 1958), pp. 250–51. This book, which was assembled by Hoover’s staff, became a huge bestseller.

4.        “Black and Red,” Time magazine, November 9, 1925.

5.        See: Lovett Fort Whiteman collection at Tamiment Library, Box 9, Folder 57.

6.        Lovett Fort-Whiteman collection at Tamiment Library, Box 9, Folder 57; “The Negro Sanhedrin,” Daily Worker, February 16, 1924, filed in Fort-Whiteman box at Tamiment Library.

7.        He was born in Suriname and his last name is spelled in several different ways—as “Huiswoud,” “Houiswood,” and “Husswood”—in the Tamiment archives. He was one of the first members (if not the first) black of the American Communist Party.

8.        Some sources describe this as a “Comintern school.” See “Black and Red,” Time magazine, November 9, 1925; Raymond Arsenault, “Forgotten Revolutionaries,” The Washington Post, January 13, 2008; Klehr, Haynes, and Anderson, The Soviet World of American Communism, pp. 218–23; CPUSA files on Fort-Whiteman, Box 9, Folder 57, Tamiment Library, New York University; “Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States,” Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, 78th Congress, Second Session, on H. Res. 282, App. Part IX, Vol. 1 (Washington, DC: GPO, 1944), pp. 1001, 1282, 1452; and Theodore Draper, American Communism and Soviet Russia (1960), pp. 329–30.

9.        Klehr, Haynes, and Anderson, The Soviet World of American Communism, pp. xi and 218–23.

10.      Jean Wagner, Black Poets of the United Sates: From Paul Laurence Dunbar to Langston Hughes (Chicago and Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973), p. 435; Faith Berry, Langston Hughes: Before and Beyond Harlem (New York: Citadel Press, 1992), pp. 296–97.

11.      Langston Hughes, Essays on Art, Race, Politics, and World Affairs (Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2002), p. 207.

12.      Ibid. This infamous Hughes poem is titled “Goodbye Christ.”

13.      Paul Kengor, “Tim Kaine Commends Hillary with a Communist Poet,” Crisis Magazine, November 11, 2016.

14.      “The American Negro in the Communist Party,” Committee on Un-American Activities, U.S. House of Representatives, 79th Congress, Second Session, Washington, DC, December 22, 1954.

15.      See my extended, detailed discussion in Paul Kengor, The Communist: Frank Marshall Davis: The Untold Story of Barack Obama’s Mentor (New York: Simon & Schuster, Threshold Editions, Mercury Ink, 2012) pp. 36–52.

16.      Eric Owens, “Meet the Fringe Communist Agitators Who Are Trying to Bring Revolution to Riot-Torn Milwaukee,” Daily Caller, August 17, 2016.

17.      “Milwaukee Police Chief Blames Chicago-Based Activists for Violence toward Police,” Chicago Tribune, August 5, 2016.

18.      See Kengor, The Communist, pp. 220–25, 228, and 308.

19.      “Communist in Ferguson,” TheBlaze, August 20, 2014, posted at http://www.glennbeck.com/2014/08/20/video-prominent-communists-ratchet-up-rhetoric-in-ferguson/.

20.      “National Four-Day Protest Set for Oct. 10–13 in Ferguson,” People’s World, October 6, 2014, http://www.peoplesworld.org/article/national-four-day-protest-set-for-oct-10-13-in-ferguson/.

21.      “Confederate Flag Taken Down at South Carolina Capitol,” People’s World, July 10, 2015, http://www.peoplesworld.org/article/confederate-flag-taken-down-at-south-carolina-capitol/.

22.      Global Insights, p. 196.

23.      Larry S. Kreiger et al., World History: Perspectives on the Past (Houghton-Mifflin, 1997); Elisabeth Gaynor Ellis and Anthony Esler, World History: Connections to Today (Prentice Hall, 1999).

24.      Roger G. Beck et al., Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction (McDougall-Littell, 1999); and Howard Spodek, The World’s History (Prentice Hall, 1998).

25.      Ibid., pp. 13–15.

26.      Ibid., p. 618.

27.      For a detailed discussion, see Paul Kengor, “Race and Margaret Sanger,” American Spectator, September 14, 2015, https://spectator.org/64049_race-and-margaret-sanger/.

28.      Margaret Sanger, “Birth Control in Russia,” Birth Control Review, June 1935.

29.      Arnold Beichman, the late Hoover Institution expert on communism, estimated that one in every eight Soviet citizens—men, women, children, elderly—perished under Stalin’s Great Terror. The number is not inconceivable, as that would equate to about 20 million people at the time, a figure consistent with typical estimates of the death Stalin unleashed on his population.

30.      Jennifer McDowell, “Soviet Civil Ceremonies,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1974, pp. 265–79; David E. Powell, “Rearing the New Soviet Man,” in Bociurkiw and Strong, Religion and Atheism in the USSR and Eastern Europe, pp. 160–65.

31.      Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Solzhenitsyn Speaks to the West (London: The Bodley Head, 1978), p. 70.

32.      Susanne Klingenstein, “Stalin’s Orphans,” The Weekly Standard, September 7, 2015.

33.      Veronica Shapovalov, Remembering the Darkness: Women in Soviet Prisons, p. 76.

34.      Ibid., p. 205.

35.      Shapovalov, Remembering the Darkness: Women in Soviet Prisons, p. 247.

36.      See Manning Johnson, Color, Communism and Common Sense (The Alliance, 1958), chapter 1.

37.      Shapovalov, Remembering the Darkness: Women in Soviet Prisons, p. 307.

38.      Ibid., pp. 297–301.

Chapter 15: Stupidity on Parade

1.        “New Report Reveals U.S. Attitudes on Socialism, Communism on Eve of 2016 Election,” Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, October 17, 2016, http://victimsofcommunism.org/new-report-reveals-u-s-attitudes-on-socialism-communism-on-eve-of-2016-election/.

2.        R. Emmett Tyrrell Jr., “Outrage Imbalance,” Washington Times, January 14, 2000.

3.        Paul Kengor, Evaluating World History Texts in Wisconsin Public High Schools, Wisconsin Policy Research Institute, June 2002, Volume 15, No. 4, www.wpri.org.

4.        Mounir A. Farah, et al., Global Insights: People and Cultures (Glencoe-McGraw Hill, 1994), p. 214.

5.        Patterns of Civilization, p. 783.

6.        Iftikhar Ahmad, World Cultures: A Global Mosaic (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001), p. 362.

7.        Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Women’s Suicides Reveal Rural China’s Bitter Roots,” New York Times, January 24, 1999.

8.        See Yuan Ren, “Young Chinese Women Are Committing Suicide at a Terrifying Rate,” London Telegraph, October 20, 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/young-chinese-women-are-committing-suicide-at-a-terrifying-rate/.

9.        Farah, et al., Global Insights.

10.      Farah et al., Global Insights; Kengor, Evaluating World History Texts, p. 21.

11.      See: Steven Ertelt, “AP Criticized for Article Praising China’s One-Child Policy,” LifeNews.com, August 17, 2011.

12.      Clyde Haberman, “Bright Lights That Mask the Darkness,” New York Times, October 1, 2009.

13.      “Effort to Have Empire State Building Honor Mother Teresa Mobilizes 40,000,” Catholic News Agency, June 9, 2010.

14.      “Obama Aide Fires Back at Beck over Mao remarks,” CNN.com, October 16, 2009.

15.      “City Council Honors Ethel Rosenberg for ‘Great Bravery,” New York Post, September 29, 2015.

16.      See: Sheryl Gay Stolberg, “The Spotlight’s Bright Glare,” The New York Times, December 4, 2009; and “White House Christmas Tree Décor Featuring Mao Zedong Comes Under Fire,” FoxNews.com, December 24, 2009.

17.      See: “The 6 dopiest right-wing attacks on Obama,” Salon, September 25, 2014, posted at http://www.salon.com/2014/09/25/the_6_dopiest_right_wing_attacks_on_obama_partner/.

18.      Anthony Lewis, “Onward Christian Soldiers,” New York Times, March 10, 1983.

19.      Richard Cohen, “Convictions,” The Washington Post, May 26, 1983.

20.      The Commager quotation has been widely quoted. See, inter alia, Charles Krauthammer, “Reluctant Cold Warriors,” The Washington Post, November 12, 1999.

21.      Editorial, “Reverend Reagan,” New Republic, April 4, 1983.

22.      This March 1983 letter from Muggeridge to Reagan is on file at the Ronald Reagan Library in the Presidential Handwriting File, Presidential Records section, Box 6, Folder 78.

23.      Sharansky interview with the Weekly Standard, published as: “The View from the Gulag,” Weekly Standard, June 21, 2004.

24.      Kozyrev on This Week with David Brinkley, ABC News, August 25, 1991.

25.      Tarasenko said this during a February 25–27, 1993 conference at Princeton University. See William C. Wohlforth, ed., Witnesses to the End of the Cold War (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), p. 20.

26.      Ronald Reagan, “Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals,” Orlando, Florida, March 8, 1983.