Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux
18 West 18th Street, New York 10011
Copyright © 2012 by Caleb Scharf
All rights reserved
First edition, 2012
A portion of chapter 8 originally appeared, in slightly different form, in Scientific American.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Scharf, Caleb A., 1968–
Gravity’s engines : how bubble-blowing black holes rule galaxies, stars, and life in the cosmos / Caleb Scharf.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-374-11412-1 (hardback)
1. Black holes (Astronomy) 2. Gravity. 3. Cosmology. I. Title.
QB843.B55 S33 2012
523.8'875—dc23
2011047089
eISBN 9780374709754