| AB | Anchor Bible |
| AbB | F. R. Kraus, ed., Altbabylonische Briefe in Umschrift und Übersetzung |
| ABD | David Noel Freedman, ed., Anchor Bible Dictionary |
| AHw | Wolfram von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch 1–3 |
| ANET | James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, 3d ed. with supplement |
| AOAT | Alter Orient und Altes Testament |
| BA | Biblical Archaeologist |
| BARev | Biblical Archaeology Review |
| BASOR | Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |
| BCE | Before the Common (or Christian) Era |
| BDB | Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament |
| Bib | Biblica |
| BO | Bibliotheca orientalis |
| CAD | Ignace J. Gelb, et al., eds., The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago |
| CAT | Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz, and Joaquín Sanmartín, The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places |
| CBQ | Catholic Biblical Quarterly |
| CE | Common (or Christian) Era |
| CML | Classical and Modern Literature |
| HR | History of Religions |
| HSM | Harvard Semitic Monographs |
| HSS | Harvard Semitic Studies |
| HTR | Harvard Theological Review |
| IDBS | Keith Crim, ed., Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume |
| IEJ | Israel Exploration Journal |
| Int | Interpretation |
| JAAR | Journal of the American Academy of Religion |
| JANESCU | Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University |
| JAOS | Journal of the American Oriental Society |
| JBL | Journal of Biblical Literature |
| JCS | Journal of Cuneiform Studies |
| JNES | Journal of Near Eastern Studies |
| JSOT | Journal for the Study of the Old Testament |
| JSOTSup | Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series |
| JSSR | Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |
| LSJ | Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, revised and augmented by Henry Stuart Jones |
| LXX | Septuagint |
| NEA | Near Eastern Archaeology |
| NEB | New English Bible |
| NJPS | Bible, New Jewish Publication Society Version |
| NRSV | Bible, New Revised Standard Version |
| OLP | Orientalia lovaniensia periodica |
| OTL | Old Testament Library |
| RA | Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale |
| REB | Revised English Bible |
| RSV | Bible, Revised Standard Version |
| SBLDS | Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series |
| SBLWAW | Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World |
| SJOT | Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament |
| TDOT | G. Johannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren, eds., Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament |
| TLB | Franz M. Th. de Liagre Böhl, ed., Tabulae Cuneiformes a de Liagre Böhl collectae, Leidae Conservatae |
| UF | Ugarit-Forschungen |
| VT | Vetus Testamentum |
| ZA | Zeitschrift für Assyriologie |
| ZAW | Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft |