Bibliography

Abusch, Tzvi. “Ishtar’s Proposal and Gilgamesh’s Refusal: An Interpretation of The Gilgamesh Epic, Tablet 6, Lines 1–79.” HR 26 (1986): 143–187.

———“Gilgamesh’s Request and Siduri’s Denial, Part 1: The Meaning of the Dialogue and Its Implications for the History of the Epic.” In Mark E. Cohen, Daniel C. Snell, and David B. Weisberg, eds., The Tablet and the Scroll: Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William W. Hallo, pp. 1–14. Bethesda: CDL, 1993.

———“Gilgamesh’s Request and Siduri’s Denial, Part 2: An Analysis and Interpretation of an Old Babylonian Fragment About Mourning and Celebration.” JANESCU 22 (1993): 3–17.

———“Mourning the Death of a Friend: Some Assyriological Notes.” In Barry Warfish, ed., The Frank Talmage Memorial Volume, 1:53–62. Haifa and Hanover: Haifa University Press/University Press of New England, 1993; repr. John Maier, ed., Gilgamesh: A Reader, pp. 109–121. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997.

———“The Development and Meaning of the Epic of Gilgamesh: An Interpretive Essay.” JAOS 121 (2001): 614–622.

———“The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Homeric Epics.” In R. M. Whiting, ed., Mythology and Mythologies: Methodological Approaches to Intercultural Influences, pp. 1–6. Melammu Symposia II. Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2001.

Abusch, Tzvi, John Huehnergard, and Piotr Steinkeller. “Preface and Acknowledgements.” In Tzvi Abusch, John Huehnergard, and Piotr Steinkeller, eds., Lingering Over Words: Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran, p. v. HSS 37. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990.

Ackerman, Susan. “When the Bible Enters the Fray.” Bible Review 16/5 (October 2000): 6, 50.

———“The Personal Is Political: Covenantal and Affectionate Love (’āhēb, ’ahăbâ) in the Hebrew Bible.” VT 52 (2002): 437–458.

———“Why Is Miriam Also Among the Prophets? (And Is Zipporah Among the Priests?)” JBL 121 (2002): 47–80.

Ackroyd, Peter R. The First Book of Samuel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.

———“The Verb Love—’āhēb in the David Jonathan Narratives—a Footnote.” VT 25 (1975): 213–214.

Alexander, Bobby C. Victor Turner Revisited: Ritual as Social Change. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1991.

———“Ritual and Current Studies of Ritual: Overview.” In Stephen D. Glazier, ed., Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook, pp. 139–160. Westport and London: Greenwood, 1997.

Alster, Bendt. “The Paradigmatic Character of Mesopotamian Heroes.” RA 68 (1974): 49–60.

———“Sumerian Love Songs.” RA 79 (1985): 127–159.

———“Marriage and Love in the Sumerian Love Songs, with Some Notes on the Manchester Tammuz.” In Mark E. Cohen, Daniel C. Snell, and David B. Weisberg, eds., The Tablet and the Scroll: Near Eastern Studies in Honor of William W. Hallo, pp. 15–27. Bethesda: CDL, 1993.

———“The Sumerian Love Song SRT 31.” Studia Iranica, Mesopotamica, and Anatolica 1 (1994 [not published until 1999]): 1–11.

Anderson, Gary A. A Time to Mourn, A Time to Dance: The Expression of Grief and Joy in Israelite Religion. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.

Arnold, Patrick M. “Mizpah.” In David Noel Freedman, ed., ABD 4:879b–881a. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Asher-Greve, Julia M. “The Oldest Female Oneiromancer.” In Jean-Marie Durand, ed., La Femme dans le Proche-Orient Antique: Compte Rendu de la XXXIIIe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (Paris, 7–10 Juillet 1986), pp. 27–32. Paris: Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1987.

The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Ed. Ignace J. Gelb et al. Chicago: Oriental Institute; Glückstadt: J. J. Augustin, 1956–.

Atkinson, David J. Homosexuals in the Christian Fellowship. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.

Aycock, D. Alan. “The Fate of Lot’s Wife: Structural Mediation in Biblical Mythology.” In Edmund Leach and D. Alan Aycock, Structuralist Interpretations of Biblical Myth, pp. 113–119. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Royal Anthropological Institutes of Great Britain and Ireland, 1983.

Bahnsen, Greg L. Homosexuality: A Biblical View. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1978.

Bailey, Derrick Sherwin. Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition. London: Longmans, Green, 1955.

Bartlett, David L. “A Biblical Perspective on Homosexuality.” Foundations 20 (1977): 133–147.

Bauer, Theo. “Ein viertes altbabylonisches Fragment des Gilgameš-Epos.” JNES 16 (1957): 254–262.

Beckman, Gary. “The Hittite Gilgamesh.” In Benjamin R. Foster, The Epic of Gilgamesh: A New Translation, Analogues, Criticism, pp. 157–165. New York and London: Norton, 2001.

Bell, Catherine. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Ben Zvi, Ehud. “On the Reading bytdwd in the Aramaic Stele from Tel Dan.” JSOT 64 (1994): 25–32.

Berlin, Adele. Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative. Sheffield: Almond, 1983.

———“Abigail 1.” In Carol Meyers, ed., with Toni Craven and Ross S. Kraemer, Women in Scripture: A Dictionary of Named and Unnamed Women in the Hebrew Bible, the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, and the New Testament, pp. 43–44. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.

Beye, Charles R. “Gilgamesh, Lolita, and Huckleberry Finn.” CML 9 (1988): 39–50.

Biale, David. Eros and the Jews: From Biblical Israel to Contemporary America. New York: Basic, 1992.

Bing, J. D. “On the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh.” JANESCU 7 (1975): 1–11.

Biran, Avraham. “Biblical Dan and the House of David Inscription: From the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age.” In Seymour Gitin, Amihai Mazar, and Ephraim Stern, eds., Mediterranean Peoples in Transition, Thirteenth to Early Tenth Centuries BCE, pp. 479–481. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1998.

Biran, Avraham, and Joseph Naveh. “An Aramaic Stele Fragment from Tel Dan.” IEJ 43 (1993): 81–98.

———“The Tel Dan Inscription: A New Fragment.” IEJ 45 (1995): 1–18.

Bird, Phyllis A. “The Harlot as Heroine: Narrative Art and Social Presupposition in Three Old Testament Texts.” In Miri Amihai, George W. Coats, and Anne M. Solomon, eds., Narrative Research on the Hebrew Bible, pp. 119–139 (Semeia 46; 1989).

———“The Bible in Christian Ethical Deliberation Concerning Homosexuality: Old Testament Contributions.” In David L. Balch, ed., Homosexuality, Science, and the “Plain Sense” of Scripture, pp. 142–176. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.

Blount, Brian K. “Reading and Understanding the New Testament on Homosexuality.” In Choon-Leong Seow, ed., Homosexuality and Christian Community, pp. 28–38. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.

Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century. London and Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

———“Revolutions, Universals and Sexual Categories.” In Robert Boyers and George Steiner, eds., Homosexuality: Sacrilege, Vision, Politics, pp. 89–113 (Salmagundi 58–59; 1982–1983).

———“Gay History.” Review of David F. Greenberg, The Construction of Homosexuality. Atlantic (February 1989): 74–78.

———“Jews, Bicycle Riders, and Gay People: The Determination of Social Consensus and Its Impact on Minorities.” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 1 (1989): 205–228.

———“Postscript” (dated 1988) to “Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories.” In Martin Duberman, Martha Vicinus, and George Chauncey Jr., eds., Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past, pp. 34–36. New York: Meridian, 1990.

———“Concepts, Experience, and Sexuality.” differences 2 (1990): 67–87.

———“Categories, Experience and Sexuality.” In Edward Stein, ed., Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy, pp. 133–173. New York and London: Routledge, 1992.

———Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe. New York: Villard, 1994.

Bottéro, Jean. L’Epopée de Gilgameš: Le Grand Homme qui ne voulait pas mourir. Paris: Gallimard, 1992.

Bottéro, Jean, and H. Petschow. “Homosexualität.” In Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 4:459b–468b. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1972–1975.

Botterweck, G. Johannes. “ḥāpēṣ.” In G. Johannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren, eds., TDOT 5, 92–107. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.

Bowman, Richard G. “Narrative Criticism: Human Purpose in Conflict with Divine Presence.” In Gale A. Yee, ed., Judges and Method: New Approaches in Biblical Studies, pp. 17–44. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995.

Boyarin, Daniel. Carnal Israel: Reading Sex in Talmudic Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

———“Are There Any Jews in ‘The History of Sexuality?’” Journal of the History of Sexuality 5 (1995): 333–355.

Bray, Alan. Homosexuality in Renaissance England. London: Gay Men’s Press, 1982.

Brennan, T. Corey. “Review of Bernadette Brooten, Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism.” Published online in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review 97.5.7 (http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/1997/97.05.07.html).

Brenner, Athalya. The Intercourse of Knowledge: On Gendering Desire and “Sexuality” in the Hebrew Bible. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

Briggs, Charles A. See Brown, Francis.

Bright, John. A History of Israel. 4th ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2000.

Brooten, Bernadette J. Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, with an Appendix Containing Biblical Aramaic. Oxford: Clarendon, 1980.

Bullough, Vern L. Sexual Variance in Society and History. New York: Wiley, 1976.

Burns, Rita J. Has the Lord Indeed Spoken Only Through Moses? A Study of the Biblical Portrait of Miriam. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987.

Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York and London: Routledge, 1990, 1999.

Bynum, Caroline Walker. Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion. New York: Zone, 1991.

Cadden, Joan. “Review of John Boswell, Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe.” Speculum 71 (1996): 693–696.

Cahill, Jane M. See Tarler, David.

Camino, Linda A. See Myerhoff, Barbara G.

Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Bollingen 17. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1949.

Castelli, Elizabeth A. “Review of Bernadette Brooten, Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism.” JBL 119 (2000): 127–129.

Charpin, Dominique “The History of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Overview.” In Jack M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East 1–2:807–829. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2000.

Chauncey, George. “From Sexual Inversion to Homosexuality: Medicine and the Changing Conceptualization of Female Deviance.” In Robert Boyers and George Steiner, eds., Homosexuality: Sacrilege, Vision, Politics, pp. 114–146 (Salmagundi 58–59; 1982–83).

Clay, Albert T. See Jastrow, Morris, Jr.

Clines, David J. A. “The Story of Michal, Wife of David, in its Sequential Unfolding.” In David J. A. Clines and Tamara C. Eskenazi, eds., Telling Queen Michal’s Story: An Experiment in Comparative Interpretation, pp. 129–140. JSOTSup 119. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1991.

Cohn, Robert L. The Shape of Sacred Space: Four Biblical Studies. AAR Studies in Religion 23. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1981.

Coleman, Peter. Christian Attitudes to Homosexuality. London: SPCK, 1980.

Comstock, Gary David. “Love, Power and Competition Among Men in Hebrew Scripture: Jonathan as Unconventional Nurturer.” In Michael L. Stemmeler and José Ignacio Cabezón, eds., Religion, Homosexuality, and Literature, pp. 3–29. Gay Men’s Issues in Religious Studies 3. Las Colinas, TX: Monument, 1992.

Cooper, Jerrold S. “Gilgamesh Dreams of Enkidu: The Evolution and Dilution of Narrative.” In Maria de Jong Ellis, ed., Essays on the Ancient Near East in Memory of Jacob Joel Finkelstein, pp. 39–44. Hamden: Archon, 1977.

———“Symmetry and Repetition in Akkadian Narrative.” JAOS 97 (1977): 508–512.

———“Kuss.” In Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 6:375b–379a. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1980–1983.

———“Sacred Marriage and Popular Cult in Early Mesopotamia.” In Eiko Matsushima, ed., Official Cult and Popular Religion in the Ancient Near East, pp. 81–96. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, 1993.

———“Buddies in Babylonia: Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and Mesopotamian Homosexuality.” In Tzvi Abusch, ed., Riches Hidden in Secret Places: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen, pp. 73–85. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002.

Cross, Frank Moore. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1973.

———“Preface to the 2d ed.” In Frank Moore Cross and David Noel Freedman, Studies in Ancient Yahwistic Poetry, pp. vii–viii. 2d ed. Grand Rapids and Cambridge: Eerdmans; Livonia, MI: Dove, 1997.

———From Epic to Canon: History and Literature in Ancient Israel. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Cross, Frank Moore, and David Noel Freedman. Studies in Ancient Yahwistic Poetry. 2d ed. Grand Rapids and Cambridge: Eerdmans; Livonia, MI: Dove, 1997.

Cryer, Frederick H. “On the Recently Discovered ‘House of David’ Inscription.” SJOT 8 (1994): 3–19.

———“A ‘BETDAWD’ Miscellany: DWD, DWD’, or DWDH?” SJOT 9 (1995): 52–58.

———“Of Epistemology, Northwest-Semitic Epigraphy and Irony: The ‘BYTDWD/House of David’ Inscription Revisited.” JSOT 69 (1996): 3–17.

Dalley, Stephanie. Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Damrosch, David. The Narrative Covenant: Transformation of Genre in the Growth of Biblical Literature. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987.

Davies, Philip R. In Search of “Ancient Israel.” JSOTSup 148. Sheffield: JSOT, 1992.

———“Bytdwd and Swkt Dwyd: A Comparison.” JSOT 64 (1994): 23–24.

———“‘House of David’ Built on Sand: The Sins of the Biblical Maximizers.” BARev 20/4 (July/August 1994): 54–55.

———Whose Bible Is It Anyway? JSOTSup 204. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1995.

———“Whose History? Whose Israel? Whose Bible? Biblical Histories Ancient and Modern.” In Lester L. Grabbe, ed., Can a “History of Israel” Be Written? pp. 104–122. JSOTSup 245. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1997.

Deflem, Mathieu. “Ritual, Anti-Structure, and Religion: A Discussion of Victor Turner’s Processual Symbolic Analysis.” JSSR 30 (1991): 1–25.

D’Emilio, John. Making Trouble: Essays on Gay History, Politics, and the University. New York and London: Routledge, 1992.

———Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940–1970. 2d ed. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

D’Emilio, John, and Estelle B. Freedman. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.

Dever, William G. “‘Will the Real Israel Please Stand Up?’ Archaeology and Israelite Historiography, Parts 1 and 2.” BASOR 297 (1995): 61–80, and BASOR 298 (1995): 37–58.

———“Revisionist Israel Revisited: A Rejoinder to Niels Peter Lemche.” Currents in Research: Biblical Studies 4 (1996): 35–50.

———“Philology, Theology, and Archaeology: What Kind of History of Israel Do We Want, and What Is Possible?” In Neil Asher Silberman and David Small, eds., The Archaeology of Israel: Constructing the Past, Interpreting the Present, pp. 290–310. JSOTSup 237. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1997.

———“Archaeology and the ‘Age of Solomon’: A Case-Study in Archaeology and Historiography.” In Lowell K. Handy, ed., The Age of Solomon, pp. 217–251. Leiden, New York, and Koln: Brill, 1997.

———“Archaeology, Ideology, and the Quest for ‘Ancient’ or ‘Biblical’ Israel.” NEA 61 (1998): 39–52.

———“What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It?” In Jodi Magness and Seymour Gitin, eds., Hesed ve-emet: Studies in Honor of Ernest S. Frerichs, pp. 241–253. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998.

———“Histories and Nonhistories of Ancient Israel.” BASOR 316 (1999): 89–105.

———What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It? Grand Rapids and Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2001.

Diakonoff, I. M. “Review of F. M. Th. de Liagre Böhl, Het Gilgamesj Epos, and L. Matouš, Epos o Gilgamešovi.” BO 18 (1961): 61–67.

Dietrich, Manfried, Oswald Loretz, and Joaquín Sanmartín. The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995.

Dinshaw, Carolyn. Getting Medieval: Sexualities and Communities, Pre- and Postmodern. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 1999.

Doniger, Wendy. “Origins of Myth-Making Man.” Review of Joseph Campbell, Historical Atlas of World Mythology, vol. 1: The Way of the Animal Powers. New York Times Book Review, December 18, 1983, pp. 3, 24–25; repr. Daniel C. Noel, ed., Paths to the Power of Myth: Joseph Campbell and the Study of Religion, pp. 181–186. New York: Crossroad, 1990.

Doty, William G. Myths of Masculinity. New York: Crossroad, 1993.

Dressler, H. H. P. “The Metamorphosis of a Lacuna: Is at.aḫ.wan … a Proposal of Marriage?” UF 11 (1979): 211–217.

Driver, G. R., and John C. Miles. The Assyrian Laws, Edited with Translation and Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon, 1935.

Driver, S. R. See Brown, Francis.

Droogers, André. “Symbols of Marginality in the Biographies of Religious and Secular Innovators.” Numen 27 (1980): 105–121.

Edelman, Diana Vikander. “The Authenticity of 2 Sam 1, 26 in the Lament over Saul and Jonathan.” SJOT 1 (1988): 66–75.

Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard. “The Problem of the Body for the People of the Book.” In Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, ed., People of the Body: Jews and Judaism from an Embodied Perspective, pp. 17–46. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.

———God’s Phallus, and Other Problems for Men and Monotheism. Boston: Beacon, 1994.

Eliade, Mircea. The Myth of the Eternal Return, or Cosmos and History. Bollingen 46. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954.

———A History of Religious Ideas 1: From the Stone Age to the Eleusinian Mysteries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.

Elliott, Alison Goddard. Roads to Paradise: Reading the Lives of the Early Saints. Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 1987.

Exum, J. Cheryl. Tragedy and Biblical Narrative: Arrows of the Almighty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

———Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)versions of Biblical Narratives. Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1993.

Falkenstein, Adam. “Gilgameš.” In Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 3:357a–363b. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1957–1971.

Feray, Jean-Claude, and Manfred Herzer. “Homosexual Studies and Politics in the Nineteenth Century: Karl Maria Kertbeny.” Journal of Homosexuality 19 (1990): 23–47.

Fewell, Danna Nolan, and David M. Gunn. Gender, Power, and Promise: The Subject of the Bible’s First Story. Nashville: Abingdon, 1993.

Finkelstein, Israel. “The Date of the Settlement of the Philistines in Canaan.” Tel Aviv 22 (1995): 213–239.

———“The Archaeology of the United Monarchy: An Alternate View.” Levant 28 (1996): 177–187.

———“State Formation in Israel and Judah: A Contrast in Context, A Contrast in Trajectory.” NEA 62/1 (March 1999): 35–52.

———“Hazor and the North in the Iron Age: A Low Chronology Perspective.” BASOR 314 (1999): 55–70.

Finkelstein, J. J. “Review Article: On Some Recent Studies in Cuneiform Law.” JAOS 90 (1970): 243–256.

Fishbane, Michael. “The Treaty Background of Amos 1 11 and Related Matters.” JBL 89 (1970): 313–319.

Fitzmyer, Joseph A. Romans: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. AB 33. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Foster, Benjamin R. “Gilgamesh: Sex, Love, and the Ascent of Knowledge.” In John H. Marks and Robert M. Good, eds., Love and Death in the Ancient Near East: Essays in Honor of Marvin H. Pope, pp. 21–42. Guilford, CT: Four Quarters, 1987.

———“Humor and Wit in the Ancient Near East.” In Jack M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East 3–4:2459–2469. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2000.

———The Epic of Gilgamesh: A New Translation, Analogues, Criticism. New York and London: Norton, 2001.

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality, vol. 1: An Introduction; vol. 2: The Use of Pleasure; and vol. 3: The Care of the Self. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Pantheon, 1978, 1985, 1988.

Fox, Michael V. The Song of Songs and the Ancient Egyptian Love Songs. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

Frankena, R. Briefe aus der Leidener Sammlung (TLB IV). AbB 3. Ed. F. R. Kraus. Leiden: Brill, 1968.

Frayne, Douglas. “The Sumerian Gilgamesh Poems.” In Benjamin R. Foster, The Epic of Gilgamesh: A New Translation, Analogues, Criticism, pp. 99–155. New York and London: Norton, 2001.

Fredrickson, David E. “Natural and Unnatural Use in Romans 1:24–27: Paul and the Philosophic Critique of Eros.” In David L. Balch, ed., Homosexuality, Science, and the “Plain Sense” of Scripture, pp. 197–222. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.

Freedman, Estelle B. See D’Emilio, John.

Freedman, David Noel. “The Refrain in David’s Lament Over Saul and Jonathan.” In C. J. Becker, S. G. F. Brandon, and M. Simon, eds., Ex Orbe Religionum, Studia Geo Widengren Oblata 1:115–126. Leiden: Brill, 1972; repr. David Noel Freedman, Poetry, Pottery, and Prophecy: Studies in Early Hebrew Poetry, pp. 263–274. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1980.

———See further Cross, Frank Moore.

Friedman, Richard Elliott. The Exile and Biblical Narrative: The Formation of the Deuteronomistic And Priestly Works. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1981.

Furnish, Victor Paul. The Moral Teaching of Paul. Nashville: Abingdon, 1979. Rev. ed. Nashville: Abingdon, 1985.

———“The Bible and Homosexuality: Reading the Texts in Context.” In Jeffery S. Siker, ed., Homosexuality in the Church: Both Sides of the Debate, pp. 18–35. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1994.

Gagnon, Robert A. J. The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics. Nashville: Abingdon, 2001.

———“Gays and the Bible: A Response to Walter Wink.” Christian Century 119/17 (August 14, 2002): 40–43.

Gardner, John, and John Maier. Gilgamesh: Translated from the Sîn-leqi-unninnī Version. New York: Vintage, 1984.

George, Andrew. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian. London: Penguin, 1999.

———The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, Critical Edition and Cuneiform Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Gerstenberger, Erhard S. Leviticus: A Commentary. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.

Gevirtz, Stanley. Patterns in the Early Poetry of Israel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.

Gide, André. Saül. Paris: Librairie Gallimard, 1928.

Glaser, Chris. Come Home! Reclaiming Spirituality and Community as Gay Men and Lesbians. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1990.

Gluckman, Max. “Les Rites de Passage.” In Max Gluckman, ed., Essays on the Ritual of Social Relations, pp. 1–52. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1962.

Gomes, Peter J. The Good Book: Reading the Bible with Mind and Heart. New York: Morrow, 1996.

Good, Deirdre J. “The New Testament and Homosexuality: Are We Getting Anywhere?” Religious Studies Review 26 (2000): 307–312.

Grayson, A. K., trans. “The Epic of Gilgamesh—Notes and Additions.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, pp. 503b-507b. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

Greengus, S. “Old Babylonian Marriage Ceremonies and Rites.” JCS 20 (1966): 55–72.

Grimes, Ronald L. “Ritual Studies: A Comparative Review of Theodor Gaster and Victor Turner.” Religious Studies Review 2/4 (October 1976): 13–25; repr., modified, Ronald L. Grimes, Beginnings in Ritual Studies, pp. 133–159. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982.

———“Victor Turner’s Definition, Theory, and Sense of Ritual.” In Kathleen M. Ashley, ed., Victor Turner and the Construction of Cultural Criticism: Between Literature and Anthropology, pp. 141–146. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990.

———“Ritual.” In Willi Braun and Russell T. McCutcheon, eds., Guide to the Study of Religion, pp. 259–270. London and New York: Cassell, 2000.

Gunn, David M. “Narrative Criticism.” In Steven L. McKenzie and Stephen R. Haynes, eds., To Each Its Own Meaning: An Introduction to Biblical Criticisms and Their Applications, pp. 201–229. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1999.

———See further Fewell, Danna Nolan.

Haldar, Alfred. The Notion of the Desert in Sumero-Accadian and West-Semitic Religions. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksells, 1950.

Hallo, William W. and William L. Moran. “The First Tablet of the SB Recension of the Anzu Myth.” JCS 31 (1979): 65–115.

Halperin, David M. “One Hundred Years of Homosexuality.” In Milad Doueihi, ed., The Mêtis of the Greeks (Diacritics 16/2; Summer 1986): 34–45; repr. One Hundred Years of Homosexuality, pp. 15–40. New York: Routledge, 1990.

———“‘Homosexuality’: A Cultural Construct: An Exchange with Richard Schneider,” Harvard Gay and Lesbian Newsletter 5.2 (Fall 1987): 3–7; repr. One Hundred Years of Homosexuality, pp. 41–53. New York: Routledge, 1990.

———One Hundred Years of Homosexuality. New York: Routledge, 1990.

———“The GLQ Forum: Lesbian Historiography Before the Name?” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4 (1998): 559–578.

Halperin, David M., John J. Winkler, and Froma I. Zeitlin, eds., Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.

Halpern, Baruch. “Erasing History: The Minimalist Assault on Ancient Israel.” Bible Review 11/6 (December 1995): 26–35, 47.

———“The Construction of the Davidic State: An Exercise in Historiography.” In Volkmar Fritz and Philip R. Davies, eds., The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States, 44–75. JSOTSup 228. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1996.

———David’s Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King. Grand Rapids and Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2001.

———See further Levenson, Jon D.

Hamilton, Jeffries M. “Hereth.” In David Noel Freedman, ed., ABD 3:147b. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Hammond, Dorothy, and Alta Jablow. “Gilgamesh and the Sundance Kid: The Myth of Male Friendship.” In Harry Brod, ed., The Making of Masculinities: The New Men’s Studies, pp. 241–258. Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1987; repr., abridged, John Maier, ed., Gilgamesh: A Reader, pp. 281–293. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997.

Harris, Rivkah. “Images of Women in the Gilgamesh Epic.” In Tzvi Abusch, John Huehnergard, and Piotr Steinkeller, eds., Lingering Over Words: Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran, pp. 219–230. HSS 37. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990; repr. John Maier, ed., Gilgamesh: A Reader, pp. 79–94. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997; repr. chapter 7 in Rivkah Harris, Gender and Aging in Mesopotamia: The Gilgamesh Epic and Other Ancient Literature, pp. 119–128. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000.

———“Inanna-Ishtar as Paradox and a Coincidence of Opposites,” HR 30 (1991): 261–278; repr. chapter 10 in Rivkah Harris, Gender and Aging in Mesopotamia: The Gilgamesh Epic and Other Ancient Literature, pp. 158–171. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000.

———Gender and Aging in Mesopotamia: The Gilgamesh Epic and Other Ancient Literature. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2000.

Hays, Richard B. “Relations Natural and Unnatural: A Response to John Boswell’s Exegesis of Romans 1.” Journal of Religious Ethics 14 (1986): 184–215.

———“Awaiting the Redemption of Our Bodies: The Witness of Scripture Concerning Homosexuality.” In Jeffery S. Siker, ed., Homosexuality in the Church: Both Sides of the Debate, pp. 3–17. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1994.

———The Moral Vision of the New Testament: Cross, Community, New Creation: A Contemporary Introduction to New Testament Ethics. San Francisco: HarperSan Francisco, 1996.

Held, George F. “Parallels Between the Gilgamesh Epic and Plato’s Symposium.” JNES 42 (1983): 133–141.

Helminiak, Daniel A. What the Bible Really Says About Homosexuality. San Francisco: Almond Square, 1994.

Hendel, Ronald S. The Epic of the Patriarch: The Jacob Cycle and the Narrative Traditions of Canaan and Israel. HSM 42. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1987.

———“Sacrifice as a Cultural System: The Ritual Symbolism of Exodus 24, 3–8.” ZAW 101 (1989): 366–390.

———“The Exodus in Biblical Memory.” JBL 120 (2001): 601–622.

Herdt, Gilbert, ed. Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. New York: Zone, 1994.

Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm. I and II Samuel: A Commentary. OTL. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1964.

Herzer, Manfred. “Kertbeny and the Nameless Love.” Journal of Homosexuality 12 (1985): 1–26.

———“Ein Brief von Kertbeny in Hannover an Ulrichs in Würzburg.” Capri: Zeitschrift für Geschichte 1 (1987): 25–35.

———See further Feray, Jean-Claude.

Hillers, Delbert R. “The Bow of Aqhat: The Meaning of a Mythological Theme.” In Harry A. Hoffner, ed., Orient and Occident: Essays Presented to Cyrus H. Gordon on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday, pp. 71–80. AOAT 22. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener; Kevelaer: Butzon and Bercker, 1973.

Hoffner, Harry A., Jr. “Symbols for Masculinity and Femininity: Their Use in Ancient Near Eastern Sympathetic Magic Rituals.” JBL 85 (1966): 326–334.

Holladay, W. L. “Form and Word-Play in David’s Lament over Saul and Jonathan.” VT 20 (1970): 153–189.

Homans, Peter. “Jung, C. G.” In Mircea Eliade, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion 8:210b–213b. New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, 1987.

Horner, Thomas M. Jonathan Loved David: Homosexuality in Biblical Times. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1978.

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian. HSS 45. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997.

———See further Abusch, Tzvi.

Hunter, David. G. “Review of Bernadette Brooten, Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism.” Church History 68 (1999): 138–139.

Jablow, Alta. See Hammond, Dorothy.

Jackson, W. T. H. The Hero and the King: An Epic Theme. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

Jacobsen, Thorkild. “How Did Gilgameš Oppress Uruk?” Acta Orientalia 8 (1929–30): 62–74.

———“Classical Statement: Man (The Epic of Gilgamesh).” In Jacob Neusner, ed., Report of the 1965–1966 Seminar on Religions in Antiquity, pp. 80–91. Hanover: Dartmouth College Comparative Studies Center, 1966.

———The Treasures of Darkness: A History of Mesopotamian Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.

———The Harps That Once … Sumerian Poetry in Translation. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987.

———“The Gilgamesh Epic: Romantic and Tragic Vision.” In Tzvi Abusch, John Huehnergard, and Piotr Steinkeller, eds., Lingering Over Words: Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran, pp. 231–249. HSS 37. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990.

Jacobsen, Thorkild, ed. The Sumerian King List. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939.

Jagose, Annemarie. Queer Theory: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press, 1996.

Japhet, Sarah. “In Search of Ancient Israel: Revisionism at All Costs.” In David N. Myers and David B. Ruderman, eds., The Jewish Past Revisited: Reflections on Modern Jewish Historians, pp. 212–233. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998.

Jasper, David. “Literary Readings of the Bible.” In John Barton, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Biblical Interpretation, pp. 21–34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Jastrow, Morris, Jr., and Albert T. Clay. An Old Babylonian Version of the Gilgamesh Epic, on the Basis of Recently Discovered Texts. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1920.

Jewett, Robert. “The Social Context and Implications of Homoerotic References in Romans 1:24–27.” In David L. Balch, ed., Homosexuality, Science, and the “Plain Sense” of Scripture, pp. 223–241. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.

Jobling, David. “Saul’s Fall and Jonathan’s Rise: Tradition and Redaction in 1 Samuel 14:1–46.” JBL 95 (1976): 367–376.

———“Jonathan: A Structural Study in 1 Samuel.” In The Sense of Biblical Narrative: Structural Analyses in the Hebrew Bible 1:12–30. 2d ed. JSOTSup 7. Sheffield: JSOT, 1986.

———1 Samuel. Berit Olam: Studies in Hebrew Narrative and Poetry. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1998.

Jones, H. Kimball. Toward a Christian Understanding of the Homosexual. London: SCM, 1967.

Jones, Henry Stuart. See Liddell, Henry George.

Junod, Henri. The Life of a South African Tribe. London: D. Nutt, 1912–1913; repr. New Hyde Park: University, 1962.

Kähler, Else. “Exegese zweier neutestamentlicher Stellen (Rom 1, 18–32; 1. Korinther 6, 9–11).” In Theodor Bovet, ed., Probleme der Homophilie in medizenischer, theologischer und juristischer Sicht, pp. 12–43. Berne: Paul Haupt; Tübingen: Katzmann, 1965.

Katz, Jonathan Ned. The Invention of Heterosexuality. New York: Dutton, 1995.

Kenyon, Kathleen. Digging Up Jerusalem. London: Benn, 1974.

Keppler, C. K. The Literature of the Second Self. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1972.

Kiernan, James G. “Responsibility in Sexual Perversion.” Chicago Medical Recorder 3 (May 1892): 185–210.

Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn. “A Note on an Overlooked Word-Play in the Akkadian Gilgamesh.” In G. van Driel, Th. J. H. Krispijn, M. Stol, and K. R. Veenhof, eds., ZIKIR ŠUMIM: Assyriological Studies Presented to F. R. Kraus on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, pp. 128–132. Leiden: Brill, 1982.

King, Philip J., and Lawrence E. Stager. Life in Biblical Israel. Louisville and London: Westminster John Knox, 2001.

Kirk, G. S. Myth: Its Meaning and Function in Ancient and Other Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.

Kitchen, Kenneth A. “A Possible Mention of David in the Late Tenth Century BCE, and Deity *Dod as Dead as the Dodo?” JSOT 76 (1997): 29–44.

Klein, Jacob. “Šulgi and Gilgamesh: Two Brother-Peers (Šulgi O).” In Kramer Anniversary Volume: Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel Noah Kramer, pp. 271–292. AOAT 25. Kevelaer: Butzon and Berker; Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1976.

———“A New Look at the ‘Oppression of Uruk’ Episode in the Gilgameš Epic.” In Tzvi Abusch, ed., Riches Hidden in Secret Places: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen, pp. 187–201. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002.

Kovacs, Maureen Gallery. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985, 1989.

Kramer, Samuel Noah. “The Epic of Gilgameš and Its Sumerian Sources: A Study in Literary Evolution.” JAOS 64 (1944): 7–23.

———From the Tablets of Sumer. Indian Hills, CO: Falcon Wing’s Press, 1956.

———The Sacred Marriage Rite. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1969.

Kramer, Samuel Noah, trans. “Gilgamesh and Agga.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, pp. 44b-47a. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

———“Gilgamesh and the Land of the Living.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, pp. 47a–50a. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

———“The Death of Gilgamesh.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, pp. 50a–52a. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

———“Lettuce Is My Hair.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, p. 644a–b. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

———“Life Is Your Coming.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, p. 644b. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

———“Set Me Free, My Sister.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, p. 645b. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

Küchler, Friedrich. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Assyrisch-Babylonischen Medizin: Texte mit Umschrift, Übersetzung und Kommentar. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1904.

La Fontaine, J. S. Initiation. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985, 1986.

Lambert, Wilfried G. “Gilgameš in Religious, Historical and Omen Texts and the Historicity of Gilgameš.” In Gilgameš et sa légende: Études recueillies par Paul Garelli à l’occasion de la VIIe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale (Paris—1958), pp. 39–56. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale; Klincksieck, 1960.

———“The Hymn to the Queen of Nippur.” In G. van Driel, Th. J. H. Krispijn, M. Stol, and K. R. Veenhof, eds., ZIKIR ŠUMIM: Assyriological Studies Presented to F. R. Kraus on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, pp. 173–218. Leiden: Brill, 1982.

———“Gilgamesh in Literature and Art: The Second and First Millennia.” In Ann E. Farkas, Prudence O. Harper, and Evelyn B. Harrison, eds., Monsters and Demons in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: Papers Presented in Honor of Edith Porada, pp. 37–52. Mainz on Rhine: Philipp von Zabern, 1987.

———“Prostitution.” In Volkert Haas, ed., Aussenseiter und Randgruppen: Beiträge zu einer Socialgeschichte des Alten Orients, pp. 127–159. Konstanz: Universitätverlag Konstanz, 1992.

Lambert, Wilfried G., and A. R. Millard. Atra-Ḫasīs: The Babylonian Story of the Flood, with, The Sumerian Flood Story, by M. Civil. Oxford: Clarendon, 1969.

Landsberger, Benno. “Jungfräulichkeit: Ein Beitrag zum Thema ‘Beilager und Eheschliessung.’” In J. A. Ankum, R. Feenstra, and W. F. Leemans, eds., Symbolae Iuridicae et Historicae Martino David Dedicatae 2: Iura Orientis Antiqui, pp. 41–105. Leiden: Brill, 1968.

Langdon, Stephen. The Epic of Gilgamish. Philadelphia: University Museum, 1917.

———“The Epic of Gilgamish.” Museum Journal 8 (January 1917): 29–38.

Leach, Edmund. Genesis as Myth and Other Essays. London: Jonathan Cape, 1969.

———“Anthropological Approaches to the Study of the Bible During the Twentieth Century.” In Gene M. Tucker and Douglas A. Knight, eds., Humanizing America’s Iconic Book: Society of Biblical Literature Centennial Addresses 1980, pp. 73–94. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1982; repr. Edmund Leach and D. Alan Aycock, Structuralist Interpretations of Biblical Myth, pp. 7–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Royal Anthropological Institutes of Great Britain and Ireland, 1983.

———“Why Did Moses Have a Sister?” In Edmund Leach and D. Alan Aycock, Structuralist Interpretations of Biblical Myth, pp. 33–66. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and Royal Anthropological Institutes of Great Britain and Ireland, 1983.

Lefkowitz, Mary R. “The Myth of Joseph Campbell.” American Scholar 59 (1990): 429–434.

Leick, Gwendolyn. Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.

Lemaire, André. “‘House of David’ Restored in Moabite Inscription.” BARev 20/3 (May/June 1994): 30–37.

———“The Tel Dan Stele as a Piece of Royal Historiography.” JSOT 81 (1998): 3–14.

Lemche, Niels Peter. “Early Israel Revisited.” Currents in Research: Biblical Studies 4 (1996): 9–34.

———Prelude to Israel’s Past: Backgrounds and Beginnings of Israelite History and Identity. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1998.

———The Israelites in History and Tradition. London: SPCK; Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998.

Lemche, Niels Peter, and Thomas L. Thompson. “Did Biran Kill David? The Bible in the Light of Archaeology.” JSOT 64 (1994): 3–22.

Levenson, Jon D. “1 Samuel 25 as Literature and as History.” CBQ 40 (1978): 11–28.

Levenson, Jon D., and Baruch Halpern. “The Political Import of David’s Marriages.” JBL 99 (1980): 507–518.

Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott. A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented by Henry Stuart Jones. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.

Long, Charles H. “The Dreams of Professor Campbell: Joseph Campbell’s The Mythic Image,” Religious Studies Review 6 (1980): 261–271; repr. Daniel C. Noel, ed., Paths to the Power of Myth: Joseph Campbell and the Study of Religion, pp. 157–179. New York: Crossroad, 1990.

Lonsdale, Steven H. Dance and Ritual Play in Greek Religion. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.

Loretz, Oswald. See Dietrich, Manfried.

McCarter, P. Kyle. “The Apology of David.” JBL 99 (1980): 489–504.

———I Samuel: A New Translation with Introduction, Notes and Commentary. AB 8. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1980.

———“‘Plots, True or False’: The Succession Narrative as Court Apologetic.” Int 35 (1981): 355–367.

———II Samuel: A New Translation with Introduction, Notes and Commentary. AB 9. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1984.

McKenzie, Steven L. King David: A Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

———“Introduction to and Annotations on 1 Samuel.” In Michael D. Coogan, ed., The New Oxford Annotated Bible, pp. 398–445 (Hebrew Bible). 3d ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

McNeill, John J. The Church and the Homosexual. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 1976. 4th ed. Boston: Beacon, 1993.

———Freedom, Glorious Freedom: The Spiritual Journey to the Fullness of Life for Gays, Lesbians, and Everybody Else. Boston: Beacon, 1995.

Maier, John. See Gardner, John.

Mandell, Sara. “Liminality, Altered States, and the Gilgamesh Epic.” In John Maier, ed., Gilgamesh: A Reader, pp. 122–130. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997.

Manganaro, Marc. Myth, Rhetoric, and the Voice of Authority. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1992.

Martin, Dale B. “Heterosexism and the Interpretation of Romans 1:18–32.” Biblical Interpretation 3 (1995): 332–355.

———“Arsenokoitês and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences.” In Robert L. Brawley, ed., Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture, pp. 117–136. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.

Mauser, Ulrich W. “Creation and Human Sexuality in the New Testament.” In Robert L. Brawley, ed., Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture, pp. 3–15. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.

———“Creation, Sexuality, and Homosexuality in the New Testament.” In Choon-Leong Seow, ed., Homosexuality and Christian Community, pp. 39–49. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.

Meissner, Bruno. Ein altbabylonisches Fragment des Gilgamosepos. Berlin: Wolf Peiser, 1902.

Meyers, Carol L. “Of Drums and Damsels: Women’s Performance in Ancient Israel.” BA 54 (1991): 16–27.

———“Kinship and Kingship: The Early Monarchy.” In Michael D. Coogan, ed., The Oxford History of the Biblical World, pp. 165–205. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, 2001.

Miles, John C. See Driver. G. R.

Millard, A. R. “Gilgamesh X: A New Fragment.” Iraq 26 (1964): 99–105.

———See further Lambert, Wilfried G.

Mobley, Gregory. “The Wild Man in the Bible and the Ancient Near East.” JBL 116 (1997): 217–233.

Moore, Carey A. Tobit: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. AB 40A. New York: Doubleday, 1996.

Moore, Stephen D. God’s Beauty Parlor: and Other Queer Spaces in and Around the Bible. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.

Moran, William L. “The Ancient Near Eastern Background of the Love of God in Deuteronomy.” CBQ 25 (1963): 77–87.

———“New Evidence from Mari on the History of Prophecy.” Bib 50 (1969): 15–56.

———“Rilke and the Gilgamesh Epic.” JCS 32 (1980): 208–210.

———“Ut-napishtim Revisited.” Review of John Gardner and John Maier, Gilgamesh, and Robert Silverberg, Gilgamesh the King. New York Times Book Review, November 11, 1984, pp. 13–14.

———“Gilgamesh.” In Mircea Eliade, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion 5:557b–560a. New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, 1987.

———“Ovid’s blanda voluptas and the Humanization of Enkidu.” JNES 50 (1991): 121–127.

———“The Epic of Gilgamesh: A Document of Ancient Humanism.” Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies 22 (1991): 15–22.

———“The Gilgamesh Epic: A Masterpiece from Ancient Mesopotamia.” In Jack M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East 3–4:2327–2336. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2000.

———See further Hallo, William W.

Morgenstern, Julian. “David and Jonathan.” JBL 78 (1959): 322–325.

Morris, Brian. Anthropological Studies of Religion: An Introductory Text. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Myerhoff, Barbara G., Linda A. Camino, and Edith Turner. “Rites of Passage: An Overview.” In Mircea Eliade, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion 12:380b–386a. New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, 1987.

Na’aman, Nadav. “Cow Town or Royal Capital? Evidence for Iron Age Jerusalem.” BARev 23/4 (July/August 1997): 43–47, 67.

Naveh, Joseph. See Biran, Avraham.

Nelson, Richard D. The Double Redaction of the Deuteronomistic History. Sheffield: JSOT, 1981.

Niditch, Susan. “The Wronged Woman Righted: An Analysis of Genesis 38.” HTR 72 (1979): 143–149.

Nissinen, Martti. Homoeroticism in the Biblical World: A Historical Perspective. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1998.

———“Love Lyrics of Nabû and Tašmetu: An Assyrian Song of Songs?” In Manfried Dietrich und Ingo Kottsieper, eds., “Und Mose schrieb dieses Lied auf”: Studien zum Alten Testament und zum alten Orient. Festschrift für Oswald Loretz zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres mit Beiträgen von Freunden, Schülern und Kollegen, pp. 585–634. AOAT 250. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1998.

Nussbaum, Martha. “The Bondage and Freedom of Eros.” Review of John J. Winkler, The Constraints of Desire, and David M. Halperin, One Hundred Years of Homosexuality. Times Literary Supplement, June 1–7, 1990, pp. 571–573.

———“Therapeutic Arguments and Structures of Desire.” differences 2 (1990): 46–66.

O’Connor, Michael. Hebrew Verse Structure. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1980.

O’Flaherty, Wendy. See Doniger, Wendy.

Olyan, Saul M. “‘And with a Male You Shall Not Lie the Lying Down of a Woman’: On the Meaning and Significance of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 5 (1994): 179–206.

———“What Do Shaving Rites Accomplish and What Do They Signal in Biblical Ritual Contexts?” JBL 117 (1998): 611–622.

———“‘Surpassing the Love of Women’: 2 Sam 1:26 and the Relationship of David and Jonathan.” Unpublished article.

Oppenheim, A. Leo. “Mesopotamian Mythology II.” Orientalia 17 (1948): 17–58.

———The Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East, with a Translation of an Assyrian Dream-Book. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1956.

———Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Rev. ed., completed by Erica Reiner. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

Oppenheim, A. Leo, trans. “The Sumerian King List.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, pp. 265a–266a. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

Padgug, Robert. “Sexual Matters: On Conceptualizing Sexuality in History.” Radical History Review 20 (1979): 3–23.

Parpola, Simo. “The Assyrian Tree of Life: Tracing the Origins of Jewish Monotheism and Greek Philosophy.” JNES 52 (1993): 161–208.

———The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh: Cuneiform Text, Transliteration, Glossary, Indices and Sign List. Helsinki: Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 1997.

Pellegrini, Ann. “The GLQ Forum: Lesbian Historiography Before the Name?” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4 (1998): 578–589.

Perdue, Leo G. “Liminality as a Social Setting for Wisdom Instructions.” ZAW 93 (1981): 114–126.

Petschow, H. See Bottéro, Jean.

Poethig, Eunice B. “The Victory Song Tradition of the Women of Israel.” Ph.D. diss., Union Theological Seminary, 1985.

Pope, Marvin H. “Homosexuality.” In Keith Crim, ed., IDBS, pp. 415a–417b. Nashville: Abingdon, 1976.

———Song of Songs: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. AB 7C. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1977.

Propp, William H. C. Exodus 1–18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. AB 2. New York: Doubleday, 1999.

Provan, Iain. “Ideologies, Literary and Critical: Reflections on Recent Writing on the History of Israel.” JBL 114 (1995): 585–606.

Ravn, O. E. “The Passage on Gilgamesh and the Wives of Uruk.” BO 10 (1953): 12–13.

Ray, Benjamin Caleb. “Turner, Victor.” In Mircea Eliade, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion 15:94a–96b. New York: Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, 1987.

———“The Gilgamesh Epic: Myth and Meaning.” In Laurie L. Patton and Wendy Doniger, eds., Myth and Method, pp. 300–326. Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 1996.

Reeck, Darrell. See Sandler, Florence.

Reinhold, H. A. “A Thousand Faces—But Who Cares?” Review of Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Commonweal 50 (July 8, 1949): 321–324.

Renger, J. “Notes Brèves: Gilg. P ii 32 (PBS 10/3).” RA 66 (1972): 190.

Richlin, Amy. “Not Before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the Cinaedus and the Roman Law Against Love Between Men.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 3 (1993): 523–573.

Ridderbos, Simon Jan. “Bibel und Homosexualität.” In Der homosexuelle Nächste: Ein Symposion, pp. 50–73, 274. Hamburg: Furche, 1963.

Rofé, Alexander. “The Battle of David and Goliath: Folklore, Theology, Eschatology.” In Jacob Neusner, Baruch A. Levine, and Ernest S. Frerichs, eds., Judaic Perspectives on Ancient Israel, pp. 117–151. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

Rost, Leonhard. Die Überlieferung von der Thronnachfolge Davids. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1926; repr. Leonhard Rost, Das kleine Credo und andere Studien zum Alten Testament, pp. 119–253. Heidelberg: Quelle und Meyer, 1965. English trans.: The Succession to the Throne of David. Sheffield: Almond, 1982.

Roth, Martha T. Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. 2d ed. SBLWAW 6. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997.

Sakenfeld, Katharine Doob. “Loyalty and Love: The Language of Human Interconnections in the Hebrew Bible.” Michigan Quarterly Review 22 (1983): 190–204; repr. David Noel Freedman and Michael Patrick O’Connor, eds., Backgrounds for the Bible, pp. 215–230. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1987.

———“Love (OT).” In David Noel Freedman, ed., ABD 4:375a–381a. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Sandler, Florence, and Darrell Reeck. “The Masks of Joseph Campbell,” Religion 11 (1981): 1–20.

Sanmartín, Joaquín. See Dietrich, Manfried.

Sasson, Jack M. “Some Literary Motifs in the Composition of the Gilgamesh Epic.” Studies in Philology 69 (1972): 259–279.

———“Gilgamesh Epic.” In David Noel Freedman, ed., ABD 2:1024a–1027b. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

Schoedel, William R. “Same-Sex Eros: Paul and the Greco-Roman Tradition.” In David L. Balch, ed., Homosexuality, Science, and the “Plain Sense” of Scripture, pp. 43–72. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.

Schroer, Silvia, and Thomas Staubli. “Saul, David and Jonathan—The Story of a Triangle? A Contribution to the Issue of Homosexuality in the First Testament.” In Athalya Brenner, ed., Samuel and Kings, pp. 22–36. A Feminist Companion to the Bible (s.s.) 7. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 2000.

Scott, Robert. See Liddell, Henry George.

Segal, Robert A. “Victor Turner’s Theory of Ritual.” Zygon 18 (1983): 327–335.

———Joseph Campbell: An Introduction. New York and London: Garland, 1987.

Shanks, Hershel. “Face to Face: Biblical Minimalists Meet Their Challengers.” BARev 23/4 (July/August 1997): 26–42, 66.

———“The Biblical Minimalists: Expunging Ancient Israel’s Past.” Bible Review 13/3 (August 1997): 32–39, 50–52.

Shiloh, Yigael. Excavations at the City of David I, 1978–1982. Qedem 19. Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1984.

Siker, Jeffrey S. “Gentile Wheat and Homosexual Christians: New Testament Directions for the Heterosexual Church.” In Robert L. Brawley, ed., Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture, pp. 137–151. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.

Smith, Jonathan Z. Map Is Not Territory: Studies in the History of Religions. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1978.

———To Take Place: Toward Theory in Ritual. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Smith, Mark D. “Ancient Bisexuality and the Interpretation of Romans 1:26–27.” JAAR 64 (1996): 223–256.

Speiser, E. A., trans. “Descent of Ishtar to the Nether World.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, pp. 106b–109a. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

———“The Epic of Gilgamesh.” In James B. Pritchard, ed., ANET, pp. 72b–99a. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.

Sperling, S. David. “Genesis 41:10: A New Interpretation.” JANESCU 10 (1978): 113–119.

Stager, Lawrence E. See King, Philip J.

Starr, Ivan. The Rituals of the Diviner. Malibu, CA: Undena, 1983.

Staubli, Thomas. See Schroer, Silvia.

Stefanini, Ruggero. “Enkidu’s Dream in the Hittite ‘Gilgamesh.’” JNES 28 (1969): 40–47.

Stein, Edward, ed. Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy. New York and London: Routledge, 1992.

———Uncovering Desire: The Science, Theory, and Ethics of Sexual Orientation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

———“Social Constructionist and Essentialist Theories.” In Timothy F. Murphy, ed., Reader’s Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies, pp. 553a–554a. Chicago and London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000.

Steiner, Margaret. “It’s Not There: Archaeology Proves a Negative.” BARev 24/4 (July/August 1998): 26–33, 62.

Steinkeller, Piotr. See Abusch, Tzvi.

Stenski, Ivan. “Mircea Eliade: Some Theoretical Problems.” In Adrian Cunningham, ed., The Theory of Myth: Six Studies, pp. 40–78. London: Sheed and Ward, 1973.

Steussy, Marti J. David: Biblical Portraits of Power. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1999.

Stone, Ken. “Gender and Homosexuality in Judges 19: Subject-Honor, Object-Shame?” JSOT 67 (1995): 87–107.

———Sex, Honor, and Power in the Deuteronomistic History. JSOTSup 234. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1996.

———“The GLQ Forum: Lesbian Historiography Before the Name?” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4 (1998): 589–595.

Stowers, Stanley K. A Rereading of Romans: Justice, Jews, and Gentiles. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1994.

Sweat, Margaret J. M. Ethel’s Love-Life: A Novel. New York, 1859.

Symonds, John Addington. A Problem in Modern Ethics. Privately printed, 1891.

Talmon, Shemaryahu. “The ‘Desert Motif’ in the Bible and in Qumran Literature.” In Alexander Altmann, ed., Biblical Motifs: Origins and Transformations, pp. 31–63. Philip W. Lown Institute of Advanced Judaic Studies, Brandeis University, Studies and Texts 3. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.

———“Wilderness.” In Keith Crim, ed., IDBS, pp. 946a–949a. Nashville: Abingdon, 1976.

Tarler, David, and Jane M. Cahill. “David, City of.” In David Noel Freedman, ed., ABD 2:52a–67b. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

———“Excavations Directed by Yigael Shiloh at the City of David, 1978–1985.” In Hillel Geva, ed., Ancient Jerusalem Revealed, pp. 31–45. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1994.

Taussig, Michael. “Transgression.” In Mark C. Taylor, ed., Critical Terms for Religious Studies, pp. 349–364. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Taylor, J. Glen. “The Bible and Homosexuality.” Themelios 21 (1995): 4–9.

Terrien, Samuel. Till the Heart Sings: A Biblical Theology of Manhood and Womanhood. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.

Thompson, J. A. “The Significance of the Verb Love in the David-Jonathan Narratives in 1 Samuel.” VT 24 (1974): 334–338.

Thompson, R. Campbell. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Oxford: Clarendon, 1930.

Thompson, Thomas L. Early History of the Israelite People from the Written and Archaeological Sources. Leiden: Brill, 1992.

———“A Neo-Albrightian School in History and Biblical Scholarship.” JBL 114 (1995): 683–698.

———“‘House of David’: An Eponymic Referent to Yahweh As Godfather [at Tel Dan].” SJOT 9 (1995): 59–74.

———“Historiography of Ancient Palestine and Early Jewish Historiography: W. G. Dever and the Not So New Biblical Archaeology.” In Volkmar Fritz and Philip R. Davies, eds., The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States, pp. 26–43. JSOTSup 228. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1996.

———“Defining History and Ethnicity in the South Levant.” In Lester L. Grabbe, ed., Can a “History of Israel” Be Written? pp. 166–187. JSOTSup 245. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1997.

———The Mythic Past: Biblical Archaeology and the Myth of Israel. London: Basic, 1999.

———See further Lemche, Niels Peter.

Tigay, Jeffery H. “Was There an Integrated Gilgamesh Epic in the Old Babylonian Period?” In Maria de Jong Ellis, ed., Essays on the Ancient Near East in Memory of Jacob Joel Finkelstein, pp. 215–218. Hamden: Archon, 1977.

———The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

———“Summary: The Evolution of The Gilgamesh Epic.” In John Maier, ed., Gilgamesh: A Reader, pp. 40–49. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1997.

Tov, Emanuel. “The Composition of 1 Samuel 16–18 in the Light of the Septuagint Version.” In Jeffrey H. Tigay, ed., Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism, pp. 97–130. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.

Turner, Edith L. B. “Prologue: From the Ndembu to Broadway.” In Victor Turner, On the Edge of the Bush: Anthropology as Experience, pp. 1–15. Ed. Edith L. B. Turner. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985.

———“The Literary Roots of Victor Turner’s Anthropology.” In Kathleen M. Ashley, ed., Victor Turner and the Construction of Cultural Criticism: Between Literature and Anthropology, pp. 163–169. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990.

———“Prologue: Exploring the Trail.” In Victor Turner, Blazing the Trail: Way Marks in the Exploration of Symbols, pp. ix–xxi. Ed. Edith L. B. Turner. Tucson and London: University of Arizona Press, 1992.

———See further Myerhoff, Barbara G.

Turner, Victor W. “Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites de Passage.” In June Helm, ed., Symposium on New Approaches to the Study of Religion: Proceedings of the 1964 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, pp. 4–20. Seattle: American Ethnological Society, 1964; repr. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual, pp. 93–111. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1967.

———The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1967.

———The Drums of Affliction. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1968.

———“Myth and Symbol.” In David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, pp. 576a–582b. New York: Macmillan, 1968.

———Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974.

———“Metaphors of Anti-Structure in Religious Culture.” In Allan W. Eister. ed., Changing Perspectives in the Scientific Study of Religion, pp. 63–84. New York, London, Sydney, and Toronto: Wiley, 1974.

———“Ritual as Communication and Potency: A Ndembu Case Study.” In Carole E. Hill, ed., Symbols and Society: Essays on Belief Systems in Action, pp. 58–81. Athens: Southern Anthropological Society, 1975.

———The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1969, 1977.

———“Variations on a Theme of Liminality.” In Sally F. Moore and Barbara G. Myerhoff, eds., Secular Ritual, pp. 36–52. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1977.

———Process, Performance, and Pilgrimage: A Study in Comparative Symbology. New Delhi: Concept, 1979.

———“Social Dramas and the Stories About Them.” Critical Inquiry 7 (1980): 141–168; repr. W. J. T. Mitchell, ed., On Narrative, pp. 137–164. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

———“An Anthropological Approach to the Icelandic Saga.” In T. O. Beidelman, ed., The Translation of Culture: Essays to E. E. Evans-Pritchard, pp. 349–374. London: Tavistock, 1971; repr. Edith L. B. Turner, ed., On the Edge of the Bush: Anthropology as Experience, pp. 71–93. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985.

———“Epilogue: Are There Universals of Performance in Myth, Ritual, and Drama?” In Edith L. B. Turner, ed., On the Edge of the Bush: Anthropology as Experience, pp. 291–301. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985. Also published as “Are There Universals of Performance in Myth, Ritual, and Drama?” In Richard Schechner and Willa Appel, eds., By Means of Performance: Intercultural Studies of Theatre and Ritual, pp. 8–18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

———“Process, System, and Symbol: A New Anthropological Synthesis.” Daedalus 106: 61–80; repr. Edith L. B. Turner, ed., On the Edge of the Bush: Anthropology as Experience, pp. 151–173. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985.

———“The Icelandic Family Saga as a Genre of Meaning-Assignment.” In Edith L. B. Turner, ed., On the Edge of the Bush: Anthropology as Experience, pp. 95–118. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1985.

———“Dewey, Dilthey, and Drama: An Essay in the Anthropology of Experience.” In Victor W. Turner and Edward M. Bruner, eds., The Anthropology of Experience, pp. 33–44. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1986.

———“Rites of Passage: A Few Definitions.” In Mircea Eliade, ed., The Encyclopedia of Religion 12:386a–387a. Macmillan; London: Collier Macmillan, 1987.

———“Comparative Epic and Saga.” Unpublished article.

Ussishkin, David. “Was the ‘Solomonic’ City Gate at Megiddo Built by King Solomon?” BASOR 239 (1980): 1–18.

Vance, Carole S. “Social Construction Theory and Sexuality.” In Maurice Berger, Brian Wallis, and Simon Watson, eds., Constructing Masculinity, pp. 37–48. New York and London: Routledge, 1995.

Vancil, Jack W. “Sheep, Shepherd.” In David Noel Freedman, ed., ABD 5:1188a–1190a. New York: Doubleday, 1992.

van de Spijker, A. M. J. M. Herman. Die gleichgeschlechtliche Zuneigung: Homotropie: Homosexualität, Homoerotik, Homophilic—und die katholische Moraltheologie. Olten: Walter, 1968.

van Dijk, J. J. A. “Textes divers du Musée de Baghdad, II.” Sumer 13 (1957): 65–133.

———“IM 52615: Un songe d’Enkidu.” Sumer 14 (1958): 114–121.

———“Textes Divers Du Musée de Bagdad III.” Sumer 15 (1959): 5–14.

Vanggaard, Thorkil. Phallos: A Symbol and Its History in the Male World. London: Cape, 1972.

van Gennep, Arnold. Les rites de passage. Paris: Nourry, 1909. English translation The Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.

van Nortwick, Thomas. Somewhere I Have Never Travelled: The Second Self and the Hero’s Journey in Ancient Epic. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Vanstiphout, Herman L. J. “Inanna/Ishtar as a Figure of Controversy.” In H. G. Kippenberg, ed., in association with H. J. W. Drijvers and Y. Kuiper, Struggles of Gods: Papers of the Groningen Work Group for the Study of the History of Religions, pp. 225–238. Berlin, New York, and Amsterdam: Mouton, 1984.

———“The Craftsmanship of Sîn-leqi-unninnī.” OLP 21 (1990): 45–79.

———Epics of Sumerian Kings: The Matter of Aratta. SBLWAW 20. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003.

Vermeule, Emily. Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1979.

von Soden, Wolfram. “Gab es in Babylonien die Inanspruchnahme des ius primae noctis?” ZA 71 (1981): 103–106.

———Akkadisches Handwörterbuch 1–3. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1965, 1972, 1981.

Vulpe, Nicola. “Irony and the Unity of the Gilgamesh Epic.” JNES 53 (1994): 275–283.

Waetjen, Herman C. “Same-Sex Sexual Relations in Antiquity and Sexuality and Sexual Identity in Contemporary American Society.” In Robert L. Brawley, ed., Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture, pp. 103–116. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.

Walls, Neal H. The Goddess Anat in Ugaritic Myth. SBLDS 135. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992.

———Desire, Discord, and Death: Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Myth. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research, 2001.

Weeks, Jeffrey. Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain from the Nineteenth Century to the Present. London, Melbourne, and New York: Quartet, 1977.

———Sexuality and Its Discontents: Meanings, Myths, and Modern Sexualities. London, Melbourne, and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985.

Westenholz, Joan Goodnik. “A Forgotten Love Song.” In Francesca Rochberg-Halton, ed., Language, Literature, and History: Philological and Historical Studies Presented to Erica Reiner, pp. 415–425. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1987.

———“Love Lyrics from the Ancient Near East.” In Jack M. Sasson, ed., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East 3–4:2471–2484. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2000.

White, John B. A Study of the Language of Love in the Song of Songs and Ancient Egyptian Poetry. SBLDS 38. Missoula: Scholars Press, 1978.

Whitelam, Keith W. The Invention of Ancient Israel: The Silencing of Palestinian History. New York: Routledge, 1996.

Wink, Walter. “To Hell with Gays?” Review of Robert A. J. Gagon, The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics. Christian Century 119/12 (June 5, 2002): 32–34.

———“A Reply by Walter Wink.” Christian Century 119/17 (August 14, 2002): 43–44.

Winkler, John J. The Constraints of Desire: The Anthropology of Sex and Gender in Ancient Greece. New York: Routledge, 1990.

———See further Halperin, David M.

Wolff, Hope Nash. “Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Heroic Life.” JAOS 89 (1969): 392–398.

———A Study in the Narrative Structure of Three Epic Poems: Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, Beowulf. Harvard Disserations in Comparative Literature. New York and London: Garland, 1987.

Wolfson, Elliot R. “Images of God’s Feet: Some Observations on the Divine Body in Judaism.” In Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, ed., People of the Body: Jews and Judaism from an Embodied Perspective, pp. 143–181. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Zeitlin, Froma I. See Halperin, David M.

Zevit, Ziony. The Religions of Ancient Israel: A Synthesis of Parallactic Approaches. London and New York: Continuum, 2001.