1. Quonset hut/Dwight Harken operation site. (Photo by Thomas Morris).
2. ‘Blue baby’ surgery at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, February 1947. Courtesy of the Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.
3. Michael Schirmer and Anna the Dog, March 1948. (Photo by Fritz Goro/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images).
4. Heart of King George II, from Observations concerning the Body of His Late Majesty, October 26, 1760, by Frank Nicholls, M. D., F. R. S. Physician to His Late Majesty. Phil. Trans., published 1 January 1761. Downloaded from http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on 24 March 2017.
5. Michael DeBakey in surgical scrubs at Methodist Hospital, operating room in background, 1978. U. S. National Library of Medicine. Reproduced with permission of the Baylor College of Medicine Archives.
6. A view of a cross-circulation operation performed by Lillehei, August 1954. (Photo by Al Fenn/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images).
7. Hypothermic heart surgery, NIH 1955. Photo by Roy Perry. U. S. National Library of Medicine.
8. John Gibbon with heart-lung machine. U. S. National Library of Medicine.
9. Philip Amundson holding an artificial mitral valve, 13 October 1960. Photo by University of Oregon Medical School. Courtesy of OHSU Historical Collections & Archives.
10. First Pacemaker: Senning and Elmqvist’s first pacemaker, 4 October 1978, Stockholm, Sweden. (Photo by Bettmann/Getty Images).
11. Pacemaker Anniversary: Senning, Elmqvist and their first patient, Arne Larsson, holding the first pacemaker, October 1978. (Photo by Keystone/Hulton Archive/Getty Images).
12. First Human Heart Transplant Recipient: Christiaan Barnard and Louis Washkansky, Cape Town, South Africa, December 1967. (Photo by Rolls Press/Popperfoto/Getty Images).
13. Christiaan Barnard, South Africa, 1968. (Photo by Wieczorek/ullstein bild via Getty Images).
14. Cartoon of Christiaan Barnard as a vulture, Gerald Scarfe, 1969. Courtesy of Gerald Scarfe.
15. Overhead view of open heart surgery at Houston Methodist Hospital, 21 April 1966. (Photo by Bettmann/Getty Images).
16. Haskell Karp in Surgery Recovery Room, Houston, Texas, 1969. (Photo by Bettmann/Getty Images).
17. Barney Clark being visited by his wife Una Loy, December 1982. (Photo by Bettmann/Getty Images).
18. Early Artificial Heart, Houston, Texas, April 1969. (Photo by Bettmann/Getty Images).
19. Heart specialist Andreas Grüntzig holding a balloon catheter, 1981. (Photo by Ted Thai/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images).
20. Robotic surgery at Jewish General Hospital, Canada. (Photo by Felipe Argaez, MedPhoto, JGH).