1. Richard Turco et al., “Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multiple Nuclear Explosions,” Science 222, no. 4630 (December 23, 1983), pp. 1283–92.
2. Ibid., p. 1284.
3. Philip Shabecoff, “Grimmer View Is Given of Nuclear War Effects,” The New York Times, October 31, 1983, p. A16.
4. Paul Ehrlich, Carl Sagan, Donald Kennedy, and Walter Roberts, The Cold and the Dark (New York: Norton, 1984), p. 27.
5. CIA, “The Soviet Approach to Nuclear Winter,” NI IIA 84-10006, SECRET, Interagency Intelligence Assessment, December 10, 1984 (Approved for Release July 8, 2010), p. 19.
6. Ibid.
7. Robert Siegel, “Book Details the Defection of ‘Comrade J,’” All Things Considered, NPR, January 28, 2008.
8. Pete Earley, Comrade J. The Untold Secrets of Russia’s Master Spy in America After the End of the Cold War (New York: Penguin, 2007), pp. 161–77.
9. T. Rees Shapiro, “Spy Who Defected to U.S. Held ‘Keys to a Russian Intelligence Gold Mine,’” The Washington Post, July 10, 2010, p. B4.
10. Charles Mohr, “New Vision for Reagan,” The New York Times, March 23, 1983, p. 21.
11. David K. Willis, “Muddy Visit to NATO’s Cruise Site: Britain Allows Rare Look into Base,” Christian Science Monitor, March 31, 1983, p. 13.
12. “Issue in Europe Shifts to Price in Civil Unrest: U.S. Arms Stance Seen as One-Dimensional,” The Washington Post, March 27, 1983, p. A1.
13. Lawrence Badash, A Nuclear Winter’s Tale (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2009), p. 73.
14. “U.S. Soviet Panel Sees No Hope in an Atomic War,” The New York Times, December 9, 1983, p. A.13.
15. Andrew Revkin, “Missing: The Curious Case of Vladimir Alexandrov,” Science Digest, July 1986, p. 35.
16. Carl Sagan, “Nuclear War and Climatic Catastrophe: Some Policy Implications,” Foreign Affairs 62, no. 2 (Winter 1983), p. 259.
17. “The Climatic, Biological, and Strategic Effects of Nuclear War,” House of Representatives, Committee on Science and Technology (Washington: Government Printing Office, September 12, 1985), p. 5.
18. R. Jeffrey Smith, “Nuclear Winter Attracts Additional Scrutiny,” Science 225 (July 6, 1984), p. 31.
19. CIA, “The Soviet Approach to Nuclear Winter,” p. 1.
20. Aleksandrov, Soviet Panorama, No. 84, Novosti Press Agency Bulletin, April 27, 1984, quoted in CIA, “The Soviet Approach to Nuclear Winter,” p. 2.
21. Caspar Weinberger, “The Potential Effects of Nuclear War on the Climate,” Department of Defense (Washington, DC, March 1985), p. 16.
22. “Russian Scientist Vanishes in Spain,” The New York Times, July 16, 1985, p. A4.
23. I. Andronov, “Where Is Vladimir Aleksandrov?” Literaturnaya Gazeta no. 30 (July 23, 1986). (English translation: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory report UCRL-Trans-12103).
24. William H. Webster, letter to Edward M. Kennedy, June 16, 1987, OCA 87-2458, CIA-RDP90G00152R000901770014-1, p. 1.
25. “Soviets Exploit Nuclear Winter Theory,” Counterpoint 1, no. 3 (June 1985), p. 6.