1. Active Measures, A Report on the Substance and Process of Anti-U.S. Disinformation and Propaganda Campaigns, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC, August 1986, p. 22, 54.
2. Отчет относно проведени съвместни активни мероприятия с ПГУ КГБ през периода 1981–1985 г., 10 юли 1985 г, ф. НРС, пф. 9, оп 4, а.е. 663, pp. 167–181, Sofia: COMDOS Archive, 2010, https://archive.org/details/1985-07-10-joint-am.
3. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, “Soviet Active Measures,” July 13–14, 1982, 97th Congress, 2nd session (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office), pp. 15, 221.
4. Vladimir Ivanov, “Изкуството на планирането, разработката и осъществяването на АМ,” Presentation to PGU-DS, January 1985, КГБ И ДС, COMDOS Archive, Sofia, 2010, https://archive.org/details/1985-01-ivanov.
5. The original quote is in Vladimir I. Lenin, “‘Left-Wing’ Communism, an Infantile Disorder,” in Collected Works, vol. 31, April–December 1920 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1966), pp. 68–69.
6. Quoted in Vladimir Ivanov “Изкуството на планирането, разработката и осъществяването на АМ,” presentation to PGU-DS, January 1985, КГБ И ДС, COMDOS Archive, Sofia, 2010. The original quote from Lenin is in “‘Left-Wing’ Communism, an Infantile Disorder,” in Collected Works, pp. 70–71.
7. Ivanov, “Изкуството на планирането, разработката и осъществяването на АМ.”
8. The text was published with a different title as “Aktivitäten östlicher Nachrichtendienste,” Innere Sicherheit 1 (March 20, 1985), pp. 6–12.
9. BMI, “‘Aktive Maßnahmen’ östlicher Dienste,” Bonn, 1985, p. 6.
10. Ibid., p. 3.
11. Günter Bohnsack and Herbert Brehmer, Auftrag Irreführung (Hamburg: Carlsen, 1992), p. 29.
12. Vladimir Lenin, What Is to Be Done? (New York: International Publishers, 1929), p. 84.
13. Ibid., p. 85.
14. “Ersatz für den (militärischen) Krieg,” in BMI, “‘Aktive Maßnahmen’ östlicher Dienste,” Bonn, 1985, p. 19.
15. BMI, “‘Aktive Maßnahmen’ östlicher Dienste,” Bonn, 1985, p. 8.
16. Ibid., p. 9.
17. The letter is reproduced in United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, “Meeting the Espionage Challenge” (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, October 3, 1986), p. 142, Appendix F.
18. Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Soviet Active Measures in the United States, 1986–87,” Congressional Record, December 9, 1987, E4717–24.
19. John Goshko, “For Forgery Specialist, a Case Close to Home,” The Washington Post, August 19, 1986.
20. Todd Leventhal, in correspondence with Thomas Rid, May 2019.
21. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1970–1978), vol. 2, no. 30, CIA CREST Archive, June 8, 1978, p. 8 (of document).
22. Ibid., p. 1.
23. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1970–1978), vol. 2, no. 18, CIA CREST Archive, April 5, 1973, p. 3 (of document).
24. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 1, no. 3, CIA CREST Archive, July 10, 1986, p. 4.
25. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 4, no. 21, CIA CREST Archive, p. 1.
26. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 4, no. 8, CIA CREST Archive, March 24, 1986, p. 1.
27. “Potential Threat of Exposure to Major Covert Action Instrumentality,” QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 4, no. 7, CIA CREST Archive, p. 3.
28. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 4, no. 8, CIA CREST Archive, p. 4.
29. “Renewal of Operational Activity PDDYNAMIC,” QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 4, no. 3, CIA CREST Archive, January 24, 1984, p. 8.
30. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 1, no. 3, CIA CREST Archive, July 10, 1986, p. 4.
31. QRPLUMB (Development and Plans, 1982–1988), vol. 4, no. 21, CIA CREST Archive, p. 8.
32. Thomas M. Troy, “Headquarters Germany,” Studies in Intelligence 42, 1, 1998, pp. 79–84, https://archive.org/details/1998-troy.
33. Some of the names revealed by Eichner and Dobbert were already public, for instance just months before publication in “Dinner for two,” Der Spiegel 12, March 17, 1997, p. 34–36; the German press, however, had not revealed dates of birth, spouse names, or place and duration of previous postings.
34. Klaus Eichner and Andreas Dobbert, Headquarters Germany, Berlin: Edition Ost, 1997, p. 309, https://archive.org/details/1997-headquarters-germany.
35. Floyd Paseman, A Spy’s Journey (Grand Rapids, Mich: Zenith, 2005), p. 187.
36. Steven Brattain, “Headquarters Germany,” email to Thomas Rid, October 11, 2019, 12:26 EST.
37. “Moreover: Is it really so useful?” The Economist 346, 8061, March 28, 1998, p. 82.
38. “Im Spiegel des 20. Jahrhunderts: Literatur zu Geheimdienst und Spionage,” Der Spiegel 8, February 22, 1999, p. 149.
39. See Paul Maddrell, “Battlefield Germany,” Intelligence and National Security 13, 2 (Summer 1998), pp.190–212, p. 201. Maddrell did point out that the authors’ anti-Americanism “warps their judgment,” but does not mention the possibility of an active measure, despite of the suspicious appendix.