1. George Kennan, “The Inauguration of Political Warfare,” Draft, April, 30, 1948, NARA release, https://web.archive.org/web/20150123010608/http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/114320.
2. NARA, RG 273, Records of the National Security Council, NSC 10/2, June 18, 1948. See also Michael Warner, “The CIA’s Office of Policy Coordination: From NSC 10/2 to NSC 68,” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 11, no. 2, (Summer, 1998), pp. 211–20.
3. James R. Holbrook, Potsdam Mission (Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2008), p. 20.
4. “Operation GRAVEYARD,” DTLINEN-KGU 1-1, CIA CREST Archive, March 18, 1949, p. 1.
5. “250,000 Germans Reported Held,” The New York Times, February 14, 1949, p. 5.
6. “Proposed Project—EARTHENWARE,” MGW-A-102, DTLINEN-KGU VOL. 1_0002, CIA CREST Archive, March 18, 1949, p. 2.
7. Jochen Staadt, “Vergesst sie nicht! Freiheit war ihr Ziel—Die Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit,” ZdF no. 24 (2008), p. 63.
8. Thomas Boghardt, “The Fighting Group Against Inhumanity,” Studies in Intelligence 59, no. 4 (2015), pp. 41–42.
9. “Project Outline,” CADROIT QKFEARFUL 22, CIA CREST Archive, July 1954 [precise date illegible], p. 2.
10. Ibid., p. 3.
11. Ibid., p. 11.
12. “Your A-529, February 7, 1952 re International Congress of Free Jurists,” Department of State, Telegram from Bonn to Secretary of State, no. 1856, March 6, 1952, 6 p.m. CADROIT QKFEARFUL 5, CIA CREST Archive, p. 2.
13. “Dept Pass Bangkok for action as Berlin’s 1,” Department of State, telegram from Berlin to secretary of state, unnumbered, June 20, 1952, 6 p.m. CADROIT QKFEARFUL 7, CIA CREST Archive, p. 2.
14. The street was renamed Walter-Linse-Straße in 1961. Jörg Rudolph, Frank Drauschke, and Alexander Sachse, “Hingerichtet in Moskau,” Schriftenreihe des Berliner Landesbeauftragten für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR 23 (2007), p. 6.
15. “Ein Agent Ging Verloren,” Der Spiegel 5 (January 27, 1992), p. 77, see also “How Dr. Linse ‘… Got Lost,’” Life 33, no. 4 (July 28, 1952), p. 37.
16. Benno Kirsch, Walter Linse: 1903–1953–1996 (Dresden: Stiftung Sächsische Gedenkstätten, 2007).
17. Peter Deriabin, The Secret World (New York: Doubleday, 1959), pp. 188–93.
18. The MGB report, in Russian, is reproduced in David Murphy, Sergei Kondrashev, and George Bailey, Battleground Berlin (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), pp. 118–19.
19. David Martin, “The American James Bond,” Playboy 27, no. 4 (April 1980), pp. 132, 198, 250, 252, 254, and 258–66.
20. Julius Mader, Who’s Who in CIA (East Berlin: Julius Mader, 1968), p. 229.
21. “Stanley H. Gaines Attorney, CIA Officer,” The Washington Post, January 26, 2005, p. B05.
22. Bayard Stockton and Tara Stockton, Flawed Patriot: The Rise and Fall of CIA Legend Bill Harvey (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2006), p. 62.
23. David Martin, Wilderness of Mirrors (New York: HarperCollins, 1980).
24. “HQS Traces on Karlheinz Marbach,” MARBACH KARL HEINZ 120, May 26, 1983, CIA CREST Archive, p. 1.
25. CIA report on festival preparations, undated, untitled, CIA-RDP83-00415R009100080002-0, Secret Control U.S. Officials Only, p. 2.
26. CIA, “Youth Festival in Berlin in August 1951,” May 25, 1951, DOC_0000466276, CIA CREST Archive, p. 1.
27. Murphy, Kondrashev, and Bailey, Battleground Berlin.
28. Gregory Owen, The Longest Patrol: A U-Boat Gunner’s War (Lincoln, NB: iUniverse, 2006), p. 209. Herbert Werner, who wrote a bestselling U-Boat memoir, Iron Coffins, was Marbach’s successor on the ship.
29. “Assessment of Agent Personnel: LCCASSOCK, Monthly Production of a falsified East German Magazine,” February 2, 1953, MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 26, CIA CREST Archive, p. 2.
30. Marbach, Karl Heinz 120, CIA CREST Archive, p. 3.
31. “Assessment Agent Personnel,” MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 26, CIA CREST Archive, February 2, 1953, p. 1.
32. Marbach, Karl Heinz, 120, CIA CREST Archive, p. 1.
33. “Your request for clearance dated 7 March 1951,” CIA Special Collection, MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 20, CIA CREST Archive, July 26, 1951, p. 2.
34. “Assessment Agent Personnel,” MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 26, CIA CREST Archive, February 2, 1953, p. 1.
35. The initial grant came out of the budget of the U.S. High Commissioner.
36. “Marbach, Karl Heinz,” MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 20, CIA CREST Archive, July 29, 1952, p. 1.
37. “LCCASSOCK,” MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 23, CIA CREST Archive, August 23, 1952, p. 1.
38. Chief BOB to Chief EE, “CADORY/Operational,” MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 29, CIA CREST Archive, p. 2.
39. “LCCASSOCK Project Review,” MARBACH, KARL HEINZ 29, CIA CREST Archive, June 26, 1953, p. 2.
40. Enrico Heitzer, Die Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit (KgU): Widerstand und Spionage im Kalten Krieg 1948–1959 (Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2015). Heitzer’s book, although favorably reviewed in a CIA journal, is contested among German postwar historians. See Jochen Staadt, “Ein Historikerreinfall. Die Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit—Desinformation macht Geschichte,” Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbandes SED-Staat 33 (2013), pp. 94–111. Also the 44-page, three-part review, Jochen Staadt, “KgU und früher Widerstand in der DDR—eine Nazi-Verschwörung?” in Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbandes SED-Staat 37/38/39 (2015/2016).