Adams, Henry, 131
Adams, John Quincy, 88
African-Americans, 68, 85, 107–108, 113, 157, 170–72, 176
African cities, 40, 44, 45, 83n., 85, 111
sharecropping, 170–71
Airports, 27, 32, 138, 201, 208, 228
Alexandria, Va., 69, 72, 74, 76, 131
American cities. See city planning, American specific cities
American Civic Association, 136
American Civil Liberties Union, 167n., 208–209
American Institute of Architects, 136
Amsterdam, 64, 65, 72, 83, 100, 116
Anderson, Sherwood, Winesburg, Ohio, 221
Annapolis, Md., 69–72, 76, 82, 103–105, 112, 235
Apartment buildings, 82, 120, 151, 164, 224
high-rise public housing, 164–70
Architecture. See city planning, American specific architects, buildings, cities, periods, and styles
Aristocracy, 20–24, 48, 65, 74, 101, 107
Arizona, 55
Art Nouveau, 151
Arts and Crafts style, 185, 204
Asian cities, 39–45, 83n., 113. See also specific cities
Atterbury, Grosvenor, 189–90, 196
Atwood, Charles B., 128
Automobiles, 32, 34, 77, 97, 109, 112, 145 and n., 173, 189
mass ownership of, 145n., 162, 189–93, 200–207, 230, 233
suburban, 189–95
Baltimore, 11, 96, 104, 105, 115, 139, 170, 172, 204, 215, 226
Barnett, Henrietta, 184
Baroque design, 48–49, 69, 103, 149
Bartram, William, 54–55
Battery Park, New York, 107, 215
Beaumont de la Bonninière, Gustave-Auguste de, 84–86, 93, 96–98, 111
Beautification, urban, 101–109, 122–24, 131–48, 159–60
Beeby, Thomas, 168
Behrens, Peter, 139
Bennett, Edward H., 141–48, 151
Berlin, 27, 43, 46, 61, 65, 100, 105, 142
Binford, Henry, 175
Bluestone, Daniel, 122–23
Boston, 66, 68, 87, 105, 116, 117, 156, 230
city planning, 64, 66, 98, 102, 124, 178
nineteenth-century, 178–79
population, 64, 115, 121, 175, 226
shopping malls, 215
Branch, Mark Alden, 191–92
Braudel, Fernand, 47–50, 105, 114, 174, 235
Brooklyn, N.Y., 94, 124, 125, 165n., 175, 177
Brunner, Arnold, 136–37
Buffalo, N.Y., 18, 30, 40, 57n., 87, 115, 124
Pan-American Exposition (1901), 138
Burnham, Daniel, 119, 122, 127–28, 132–38, 141–48, 152–53, 155, 162, 232
Burnham Brothers, Inc., 147
Bushman, Richard L., 108
Cable cars, 117–18
Cabrini-Green, Chicago, 164–70, 196
Calthorpe, Peter, 231
Cambridge, Mass., 66–67, 177, 208
Canada, 11, 20, 23–27, 29, 36, 57, 59, 97, 105n., 190, 202, 207, 213, 219, 220, 225, 226, 231
French colonization in, 59–64. See also specific cities
Capital cities, 38, 40, 43, 104, 134–35, 143
American and European, compared, 104–105 and n.
Capitol, Washington, D.C., 95–97, 134
Carrère, John, 132
Central cities and metro areas, relationship between, 224–33
Central Park, New York, 81, 99, 124, 125, 154
Champlain, Samuel de, 59
Champs-Elysées, Paris, 24, 25, 145, 146
Charleston, S.C., 64, 80, 82, 97, 223, 230
Chestnut Hill, Pa., 185–91, 223–24
Chicago, 11, 29, 38n., 40, 57n., 81, 110–30, 139, 151, 156, 170, 227, 228
Burnham plan (1909), 136, 141–48
city planning, 45, 76, 106, 110–11, 115–32, 136, 138, 141–48, 164–70, 234
civic beautification, 138, 141–48, 160, 162
Columbian Exposition (1893), 127–32, 133, 137, 138, 151–52, 167
nineteenth-century, 110–11, 115–32
population, 111, 115, 116, 121, 175–76, 226
public housing, 164–70
skyscrapers, 110–11, 115, 118–20, 123–24, 126, 143–48, 153
suburbs, 175–76, 182–83, 190, 204–205, 207
transportation, 117–20, 130, 141–43, 145
twentieth-century, 141–48, 154, 155, 160, 164–70, 175–76
Chicago Tribune Cabrini-Green competition, 167–69
Chrysler Building, New York, 155
city planning, 45, 93–94 and n., 95
suburbs, 188–89
City, definition of, 36–38 and n., 39, 79, 113, 176
City Beautiful movement, 136 and n., 137–48, 152, 153, 160, 165
City planning, American: civic beautification movement, 131–48, 162
colonial, 51–83, 101–103, 113, 129
downtown, 73–74, 90–92, 115–24, 143–48, 163–64, 197–217, 228, 230–32
European cities compared to, 15–27, 61, 64–65, 69, 78–83, 101, 104–107, 113, 120–22, 129, 132–33, 144, 145, 149–53, 193, 211–15
future of, 230–35
metro area and central cities, compared, 224–33
nineteenth-century, 84–109, 110–30, 131–48, 178–79, 199–200
and politics, 19–22, 44–45, 48–49, 65, 101, 104–105, 117, 122, 136, 147–48, 158, 160–72, 209–10, 226
and population, 36–42, 63–64, 75, 100,. 111–15, 220, 223–28
street layouts, 42–47, 50, 66–67, 72–76, 81–82, 106, 162, 188
suburbs, 173–96
twentieth-century, 27–34, 140–48, 153–72, 173–217, 218–35
urban renewal, 160–72. See also specific cities
Civic centers, 136–37, 141–42, 160
Classicism, 128–29, 132–34, 139–41, 155, 157
Cleveland, 76, 106, 115, 121, 136–38, 144, 170, 172, 189, 226
Cobb, Henry Ives, 128
Code, building, 146–47
Codman, Henry Sargent, 127
Colonial Revival, 129
Colonial urbanization, 44, 51–83, 101–103, 113, 129
Columbian Exposition (1893, Chicago), 127–32, 133, 137, 138, 151–52, 167
Commissioners’ Plan of 1811, 99, 106
Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), 158, 192
Connecticut, 66, 67, 87, 105, 174, 177, 191–92, 209
Corbusier, Le, 156–59, 164, 173–77, 192, 229, 232
Voison Plan, 157–59
When the Cathedrals Were White, 156–57, 174
Country and town, relationship between, 47–49, 113–14, 127, 177–78, 219–29
Country Club Plaza, Kansas City, 204–205, 215
Country houses, 113–14, 173–96
Cram, Ralph Adams, 139
nineteenth-century, 108 and n 109
twentieth-century, 156n., 166–67, 192, 200, 223
Crystal Palace Exhibition (1853, New York), 118, 215
Culture, urban, 40, 41, 50, 111–13, 149
civic art movement, 131–48
nineteenth-century, 102–107, 112–15, 122–23, 131–48
twentieth-century, 148, 154, 157, 164, 172, 217
Davis, Alexander, 180–81
Défense, La, Paris, 21, 22, 24
Deindustrialization, 172, 199, 200
Democracy, 47, 80, 86, 90, 93, 101–102, 106–107
Depression, 155, 159–60, 194, 200, 206
Detroit, 30, 41, 57, 62 and n., 65, 76, 97, 115, 154, 156, 170, 172, 206, 226
Disease, urban, 96–97, 100, 125
Domesticity: colonial ideal of, 81–83
nineteenth-century, 102–103
Downing, Andrew Jackson, 181
Downtown, commercial, 66, 73–74, 76, 90–92, 115–24, 132, 143–48, 154, 163–64, 179, 197–217, 228, 230–32
decline of, 197–201
shopping mall replacement of, 207–17
Duhring, H. Louis, 187 and n.
Economy, 29, 30, 57, 73, 114, 222
and architecture, 30, 48, 148, 162
nineteenth-century, 99
twentieth-century, 148, 161–62, 171–72, 200–201, 214
Eiffel Tower, Paris, 26–27, 144, 151
Electricity, 117–18, 123, 130, 151, 152, 178, 199
Elevator, 118–19
Ellicott, Andrew, 96
Emery, Mary M., 189
Empire State Building, New York, 155, 158
English cottage style, 181, 187
Edge cities, 229
European cities, 12, 15–27, 33, 113, 230
American cities compared to, 15–27, 61, 64–65, 69, 78–83, 101, 104–107, 113, 120–22, 129, 132–33, 144, 145, 149–53, 193, 211–15
early history of 36–43, 47–50, 53–54, 64–66, 78–83, 149
nineteenth-century Paris, 149–52 and n.;
parks, 124–25
population, 36–42
postwar, 202, 212 and n., 225, 227. See also specific cities
Evelyn, John, 66
Expositions, 118, 127–33, 138–39, 151–52
Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, 126, 135
Farmers Markets, 205–206
Faulkner, Don, 168–69
Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956), 160–61
Ferguson, Frank W., 139
Fires, urban, 66, 78, 101, 116–17, 120 and n., 135, 143, 234
Fishman, Robert, 175
Fitch, James Marston, 129–30
Flatiron Building, New York, 153
Florida, 41–42, 53, 54, 57–58, 231
supermarkets, 201–202
Forest Hills Gardens, N.Y., 189–90
France, 12, 15–27, 37–39, 48, 60–61, 83–87, 96, 97, 104, 113, 125, 149–52, 155, 174, 187, 211, 214, 221
city planning, 23–27, 46, 61, 149–52, 211–12
colonial urbanization in New World, 51, 57, 59–63, 65, 76. See also specific cities
Gabriel, Jacques-Ange, 135
Galleria, Houston, 207–208, 210
Gardens, 31
colonial, 69, 71–73, 78, 81–82, 83 and n.
nineteenth-century, 120, 124–26
Parisian, 22, 24, 107, 125, 150, 211–12
suburbs, 182–94, 204–205, 223–24
twentieth-century, 164, 182–94
Gare d’Orsay, Paris, 20, 151, 152
Garnier, Charles, 150
Garrison towns, 51, 57–58, 61–63, 74
Georgian style, 102–103
Germany, 16, 37, 38, 43, 48, 61, 75, 105, 125, 155, 165. See also specific cities
Glazer, Nathan, 168
Goodhue, Bertram, 139, 190, 196
Graffenried, Baron Christopher von, 78–79
Graham, John, Jr., 206
Grand Central Station, New York, 138, 157, 174
Great Britain, 16, 20, 37–39, 73, 75, 80, 86–87, 102–103, 104, 116, 214, 221
city planning, 45, 46, 65–66, 82, 83, 124–25, 152–53
colonial urbanization in New World, 51, 58, 60, 63–70, 80, 99, 113
garden suburbs, 183–87. See also specific cities
Greece, ancient, 36–37, 47, 93, 132
Greenwich Village, New York, 165n., 233
colonial, 58, 60, 62 and 63–83, 106, 188
nineteenth-century, 95–100, 103, 106, 120, 125, 126, 131, 135, 136
twentieth-century, 147, 157, 164, 169, 189
Griffin, Walter Burley, 43
Gruen, Victor, 207
The Heart of Our Cities, 12
Guerin, Jules, 141–46
Guimard, Hector, 151
Halles, Les, Paris, 25, 150, 157
Hampstead Garden Suburb (Great Britain), 184–88, 194
Haskell, Llewellyn, 180–82
Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugène, 24, 27, 150–52 and 161, 162
Hegemann (Werner) and Peets (Elbert), The American Vitruvius, 132, 136n., 148
Highways, 27, 29, 47, 95, 141, 160–61, 201–203, 206
Hispanics, 176
colonial urbanization, 44, 51–59
Historic preservation, 28, 136
Hittorff, J. I., 150
Hoffmann, Josef, 139
Holme, Thomas, 72
Hood, Raymond, 146
Houses, 223
colonial ideal of, 81–83
nineteenth-century, 102–104, 177–79
outlying residential, 120 and n.,–21, 173–96
private, 82–83 and n.
public housing, 29, 159, 160, 163–72, 191–92
standardized, 195
Housing Act (1937), 163
Houston, 28, 47, 139, 177, 190, 207–208, 225, 233
Houston, Henry, 185–8, 223, 234
Houston, Sam, 88
Howard, Ebenezer, 193
Garden Cities of Tomorrow, 183–84
Howell, John Mead, 146
Hunt, Jarvis, 138
Hunt, Myron, 190
Hunt, Richard Morris, 128, 132, 138
Hygiene: personal, 102–103
public, 17–18, 88 and n., 96, 100–101, 130
Hypermarché, 212–213
Illinois, 115–21
Immigration, 42, 74–75, 78, 79, 108, 115, 121–22, 153, 228
Indoor shopping malls, 207–17
Industrial cities, 32, 39, 40, 41, 49, 78, 99, 116–22, 125, 150, 170–72, 193, 199, 226, 233
International Style, 156–59
Interstate highway system, 160–61
Iroquois Confederacy, 52–53, 57–59
Italy, 26, 27, 38, 40–41, 48, 65, 82, 144, 207, 214, 221. See also specific cities
It’s A Wonderful Life (movie), 220, 221
Jackson, J. B., 133, 203, 232–33
Jackson, Kenneth, Crabgrass Frontier, 213, 215
Jacobs, Jane, 140, 165n., 193, 233
The Death and Life of Great American Cities, 163–64
Jamaica Plains, Mass., 178–79, 185
Jefferson, Thomas, 20, 62n., 96, 97, 105, 113, 128, 134, 139
Jenney, William Le Baron, 122, 128
Jerde, Jon,
Kansas City, 57n., 135, 138, 155, 189, 204–205
Kentucky, 94
Labrouste, Henri, 150
Lake Forest, 111., 183, 190, 204–205, 231
Land: availability, 78–79, 179
values, 78, 83, 119, 120, 145–47, 162, 165
Land Ordinance, 106
Landscaping, suburban, 181–94
Latin America, 39–45, 51–52, 158
Laws of the Indies, 44, 58, 62, 65, 67, 80
Layouts, urban, 42–47, 50, 66–67
automobile city, 46–47
practical, 43–46
symbolic, 42–43, 46. See also specific cities and designs
Le Moyne, Jean-Baptiste, 62–63
L’Enfant, Pierre Charles, 70, 95–97, 106, 115, 134
Letchworth Garden City (Great Britain), 183–84
Levittown suburbs, 195
Literature, small towns depicted in, 220–21
Llewellyn Park, West Orange, N.J., 180 and n.–82
London, 12, 27, 69, 104, 118, 131, 142, 144, 174, 183, 184, 214
city planning, 46, 61, 66, 70, 83, 107, 124, 125, 149, 152–53
Great Exposition of 1851, 152
population, 38–41
Long Island (N.Y.) suburbs, 33, 181, 184, 195
shopping malls, 215–16
suburbs, 190
transportation, 29
and n.; zoning, 143
Louis, Victor, 211
Louisbourg (Cape Breton Island), 61, 62, 65
Louis XIV, King of France, 20–24, 48, 127
Louis XV, King of France, 61
Louis-Philippe, King of France, 86
Louvre, Paris, 21, 22, 24, 157
Lutyens, Edwin, 153, 184, 185, 194
Mall of America, Bloomington, Minn., 210–11, 213
Malls, shopping, 28, 176, 207–17, 228, 230, 232, 235
free speech in, 208–10
and n.
regional, 216
tourism in, 210–13
Manhattan, 57n.. See also New York Mansart, Jules-Hardouin, 22
Marina Village, Conn., 191–92, 196
Market Square shopping center, Lake Forest, 111., 204–205, 215, 231
Mason, George, 113
Masonic Temple Building, Chicago, 110, 119
Massachusetts, 66–67, 87–88, 105, 209
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 85
Mass transit, 27, 29 and n., 30, 46, 175, 200n., 231, 233
Mathews, Maurice, 68
McFarland, J. Horace, 136
McGoodwin, Robert Rodes, 187, 189, 196
McKenzie, Evan, 182
McKim, Charles Follen, 128, 132, 134, 137, 138, 151
McKim, Mead and White, 128, 137, 139, 181
Medieval cities, 37–41, 46–49, 53–54, 60, 64–66, 76, 79, 93n., 144
Megacities, 39–42
Metropolitan areas and central cities, relationship between, 224–33
Mexico, 51
Mexico City, 39–40, 44, 52, 151
Meyer, Frederick H., 137
Miami, 29, 36, 41–42, 57n., 190, 231
Middle class, 103, 106–13, 124, 148, 154, 165, 171–72, 178, 183, 188, 191, 213, 216, 227
Mies van der Rohe, 165–66
Mills, Robert, 134
Minneapolis, 28–30, 81, 177, 206, 210
Minnesota, 223
Mississippi, 53–54
Missouri, 53–54
Mitterand, François, 19–24, 27
Modern urbanism, 162–72
Monticello, 113
Montreal, 23 and n.–27, 81, 87, 97, 105n., 125, 164, 190, 198, 201, 219
city planning, 24–28, 45, 57, 59–61, 62, 72, 124, 162, 164
French colonization of, 59–62, 64
population, 226
Morris, William, 186
Movies, 28, 32, 33, 154–55, 163, 164, 198, 204, 220–21
Names: city, derived from Indian words, 57 and n.
Napoléon Bonaparte, 24
Nelson, Jim, 168–69
Neoclassicism, 28
Neo-Gothic style, 155
New Amsterdam, 64
city planning, 62–63, 68, 97–98, 106
population, 115
New York, 18–19, 25, 27, 35, 37, 38n., 66, 68, 81, 85, 87, 92, 95, 104, 105, 112, 117, 132, 170, 199, 201, 228, 230
city planning, 45, 64, 66, 98–102, 106, 107, 137, 138, 153–60, 164, 1 65n.
civic beautification, 137, 138, 160
Commissioners’
Crystal Palace Exhibition (1853), 118, 215
nineteenth-century, 98–102, 107–108, 116
population, 39, 40, 64, 75, 99–100, 111, 115, 121, 153–54, 176
public monuments, 99
riots, 108
shopping malls, 215
social class distinctions, 107–108
suburbs, 174, 175, 177, 180, 189–90
twentieth-century, 153–60, 164, 172, 176
zoning, 143
New York State, 52–53, 197–200
Nichols, Jesse Clyde, 104
Nicholson, Frances, 69–71, 75, 104
Nineteenth-century American urbanization, 84–109, 110–30, 131–48, 178–79, 199–200
Nolen, John, 132, 134, 189–90, 196
Northland shopping center, Detroit, 206, 207
North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 144–47, 162
Nouvel, Jean, 21
Numbered streets, 109
Oklahoma, 55
Olbrich, Joseph Maria, 139
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 124–27, 132–34, 139, 141, 182–83, 185, 190, 204
Olmsted, Frederick Law, Jr., 132–37
Olmsted, John C., 132–35, 190, 204
Oregon, 209
Otis, Elisha G., 118
Palais Royal, Paris, 211–12
Paris, 12, 15–27, 33, 35, 38, 40, 54, 60–61, 65, 70, 92, 96, 99, 99, 104, 113, 122, 131, 142, 144, 149–52 and n., 173, 175, 212 and n., 214, 225
city planning, 23–27, 46, 61, 82, 90, 107, 125, 127, 135, 149–52 and n., 161, 194, 211–12
Second Empire, 87, 149–52 and n.
Parker, Barry, 183–85
nineteenth-century, 102, 107, 108, 116, 124–26, 133, 135
twentieth-century, 141–43, 154–55, 164, 211
Paxton, Sir Joseph, 124–25
Pedestrian movement, 28, 29, 46, 47, 162, 164, 166, 205–207, 230–32
Pei, I. M., 21
Penn, William, 33, 72–75, 78, 80, 81, 96, 111, 135, 188, 223, 234
Pennsylvania Station, New York, 138, 157
Perrault, Claude, 22
Philadelphia, 11, 25, 29, 31, 33, 72–75, 81, 82, 87, 105, 117, 156, 170, 221–26, 230, 233
city planning, 50, 72–75, 76, 77, 94n., 96, 98, 102, 106, 124, 135, 138, 162, 165n., 188, 234–35
civic beautification, 138
population, 64, 74–75, 111, 115, 176, 226–27
riots, 108
suburbs, 175, 185–91, 195, 223–26
twentieth-century, 154, 155, 162, 172, 176, 185–91, 223–24
Pittsburgh, 37, 62, 87, 115, 116, 121, 154, 156, 208
Place de la Concorde, Paris, 24, 61, 135
Plantation mansions, 113–14
Plater-Zyberk, Elizabeth, 231
Plattsburgh, N.Y., 36, 197–201, 216–17
Politics, and city planning, 19–22, 44–45, 48–49, 65, 101, 104–105, 117, 122, 136, 147–48, 158, 160–72, 209–10, 226
Pope, John Russell, 198
Population, 36–42, 78, 111–15, 220
African-American, 170–72
growth, 31–32, 41–42, 60, 63–64, 67, 74, 77, 93, 111–15, 121, 153–54, 170–71, 175, 200, 233
metro area, 224–28
nineteenth-century, 100, 111–15, 121
size, 36–42, 63–64, 75, 100, 111–15, 220, 223–28
suburban, 175–76
twentieth-century, 153, 175, 223–28
Portland, Or., 27, 29, 30, 231
Post, George B., 128
Postmodernism, 28
Poverty, 29, 40, 44, 60, 78, 106–108, 163–72, 227–28
Promenades, 48, 61, 68, 107, 125, 145, 235
Public housing, 29, 159–60, 163–72, 196
Cabrini-Green (Chicago), 164–70
garden-suburb planning, 191–92
Public Works Administration, 159–60
Quebec, 23, 26, 36, 59, 63, 219, 230
Racial groups, 170–71, 176, 200
Racial zoning, 180 and n.
Railroads, 27, 29 and n., 30, 42, 90, 95, 116–20, 130, 134, 141–43, 179, 186, 198, 201, 231, 234
commuter, 174, 178, 179, 183, 186, 190, 194, 201, 234
decline of, 201–203
stations, 20, 137–38, 140, 151, 152, 154, 198–99, 201, 202
Reed, Henry Hope, 175
Reid, John, Jr., 137
Reps, John W., 59, 89, 99, 141;
The Making of Urban America, 99
Residential neighborhoods, outlying, 120 and n., 121, 173–96. See also Suburbs
Revolutionary War, 60, 85, 99, 103
Rhode Island, 66, 67, 84–85, 105
Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia, 11, 165n.
Robertson, Jaquelin, 81–82
Robinson, Charles Mulford, 136
Roebling, John Augustus, 94
Rome, 12, 37, 38, 39, 43, 47, 65, 66, 67, 75, 118, 131, 132, 137, 138, 149, 161
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 20
Rudolph, Paul, 163
Rusk, David, Cities Without Suburbs, 227–28
Ruskin, John, 186
Safdie, Moshe, 232
Saint Augustine, Fla., 57–58, 230
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 130–34
Saint Louis, 29, 53, 116, 170–71, 227
civic beautification, 137, 139
Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904), 139
transportation, 29–30
San Diego, 30, 41, 58, 215, 233
Panama-California International Exposition (1915), 139
San Francisco, 27, 29, 58, 108n., 116, 117, 154
city planning, 45, 106, 124, 125, 135, 137, 165n.;
civic beautification, 137, 139
Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915), 139
parks, 125
suburbs, 231
Savannah, Ga., 75–77, 82, 97, 104, 223, 234
Scott, M. H. Baillie, 185
Seaside Village, Conn., 191–92
Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition (1910), 139
city planning, 45
suburbs, 206
Senate Park Commission, 134
Shaw, Howard Van Doren, 190, 204
Shopping bazaars, 214–15
Shopping centers, 28, 176, 201–17
Shopping villages, 203–206
Sioux Falls, S.D., 30–32, 57n. Sites and services projects, 44–45
Skyscrapers, 28, 153, 157, 227
Chicago, 110–11, 115, 118–20, 123–24, 126, 143–48, 153
Slavery, 68, 85, 107–108, 113, 170
Slums, 41, 44, 107–108, 120, 160–64
Small towns, American preference for, 219–23
Social class distinctions, 235
nineteenth-century, 101–109, 112–15, 148, 151, 178
twentieth-century, 148, 154, 160–72, 176, 182, 188, 190–91, 202, 216–17, 227, 235. See also specific social classes
Social reform, 49, 148, 163–70
Southdale shopping center, Edina, Minn., 206–207
colonial urbanization in New World, 44, 51–59, 63, 65, 76
Speer, Albert, 43
Squares, central, 48, 58, 67–69, 73–78, 93n., 102, 106, 193, 194
Stamper, John W., 147
Steel-frame construction, 119
Steevens, G. W., In the Land of the
Dollar, 121–22
Stock market crash (1929), 200
Streetcars, 117–18, 178–79, 194
Street layouts, 42–47, 50, 66–67, 72–76, 81–82, 106, 162, 188. See also specific cities and designs
Strip development, 202–204, 229
Subdivisions, postwar, 194–96, 206
Suburbs, 23, 30, 31, 33, 44, 48, 49, 60, 79, 113–14, 120, 161, 163, 172, 173–96, 204–205, 235
exclusive enclave, 181–82, 188, 204
garden, 182–94, 204–205, 223–24
metro area relationship to, 225–33
shopping centers, 204–16
terminology, 176–78
Sullivan, Louis, 110, 119, 123, 128
Supreme Court, 209
Symmes, John, 93–94
Technology, urban, 12, 49, 117–19, 130, 133, 151, 152, 161–62, 196n., 199
Terminology, urban, 36–41, 176–78, 225
Third World cities, 39–40, 44, 121
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 84–109, 111–16, 156, 157, 220
Democracy in America, 86–87, 101, 109n.
Todd, Frederick, 190
Topography, 45, 56, 89, 92, 153, 180–81, 185, 188
Toronto, 11, 27, 29, 57 and n., 81, 105n., 106, 190, 208, 225, 231
Tourism, 41–42, 85, 199, 201, 210–13, 228
Town, definition of, 36–39
Transportation, 27–30, 46–47, 73, 77, 90, 94–95, 100–101, 109, 117–20, 130, 137–38, 140–43, 151, 155, 160–62, 199–201, 227, 231
commuter, 174–80, 183, 186, 189–95, 201, 226, 234
mass automobile ownership, 145n., 162, 189–93, 200–207, 230, 233. See also specific types of transportation
Trolley cars, 27, 29, 30, 100, 117–18, 120, 199, 200n.
Trucking, 202–203
Tuileries gardens, Paris, 22, 24, 107, 125
Tunnard, Christopher, 175
Twentieth-century American urbanization, 140–48, 153–72, 197–217, 218–35
Unemployment, 49, 78, 160, 170–72, 199, 227
University campuses, 138–40, 199
Unwin, Raymond, 183–87, 193, 196
Town Planning in Practice, 193–94
Urban, definition of, 37–38
Urban renewal, 160–72
Vanderbilt, George, 18
Varro, Marcus Terentius, 36
Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre de, 61, 65
Vaux, Calvert, 125–27, 141, 182
Venice, 27, 40–41, 46, 227, 230
Vienna, 40, 48, 65, 82, 100, 142, 227
Village, definition of, 38
Vitruvius Pollio, Marcus, 67
Von Hoffman, Alexander, 178–79
Walcott, Derek, 32
Walkways, elevated, 28
Walled cities, 37, 47–48, 54, 59–60, 64, 79
Washington, D.C., 27, 87, 95–97, 105, 116, 139, 198
city planning, 43, 70, 95–97, 105–106, 134–35, 137, 143, 152
civic beautification, 134–35, 137
population, 115
Washington Monument, 134
Weber, Eugen, 17
Webster, Daniel, 88
West Edmonton Mall, Alberta, 207–13
White House, 20, 43, 95–97, 134
Williamsburg, Va., 70–72, 77, 78, 82, 103, 104, 112, 230, 235
Willis, Nathaniel Parker, 175
Woodfield shopping center, Chicago, 207
Wood-frame construction, 116, 120
Woodstock, Vt., 89–93, 155, 235
Woodward, George, 185–89, 193, 223
Woodward, Judge Augustus, 62n., 76
World War II, 42, 159–60, 194, 206
Wren, Christopher, 66, 70, 153, 185
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 187n.
Yorkship Village, N.J., 191–92, 231, 235
Zeckendorf, William, 33
Zoning, 44, 79, 92, 143–44, 164
racial, 180 and n.
single-use, 164 and n.