the Due de Broglie: Eugen Weber, France: Fin de Siècle (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1986), 58.
“American comforts”: Siegfried Giedion, Mechanization Takes Command: A Contribution to Anonymous History (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1969), 695–99.
“We will have achieved nothing”: Mitterrand quoted in Paris 1979–1989 (New York: Rizzoli, 1988), 11.
Pacific Electric Railway: Reyner Banham, Los Angeles: The Architecture of Four Ecologies (Baltimore: Penguin, 1971), 82.
Today trolleys are making a small comeback: Matthew L. Wald, “Key to Trolley Success: Connecting Popular Areas,” New York Times (June 10, 1994), B2.
Best places: “The Best Places to Live in America,” Money (September 1992), 110–124.
1992 Nobel Lecture: Derek Walcott, “The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory,” The New Republic (December 28, 1992), 26–32.
Americans’ restlessness: John Lukacs, Outgrowing Democracy: A History of the United States in the Twentieth Century (New York: Doubleday, 1984), 171.
“Similar, too, are the human qualities”: Vincent Scully, American Architecture and Urbanism (New York: Praeger, 1969), 16.
The grandly named Dodge City: Odie B. Faulk, Dodge City: The Most Western Town of All (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 72
Size of medieval German and French towns: Fernand Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life: The Limits of the Possible, Siân Reynolds, trans. (New York: Harper & Row, 1981), 482.
The city was thought of as the seat of authority: see John Brinckerhoff Jackson, Discovering the Vernacular Landscape (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), 73.
So-called megacities: Eugene Linden, “Megacities,” Time (January 11, 1993), 32–40.
The New Ghetto: Mary McCarthy, The Stones of Florence and Venice Observed (New York: Penguin Books, 1972), 254–55.
“When a man is tired of London”: James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson (London: Folio Society, 1968), Vol.2, 171.
Distinct ways of thinking about cities: Kevin Lynch, Good City Form (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1981), 72–98.
Three distinctive stages in the early history of European towns: The Structures of Everyday Life, 515.
Pharaonic towns: Lewis Mumford, The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (New York: Harcourt, Brace &c World, 1961), 81.
“A town is always a town”: The Structures of Everyday Life, 481.
“Urban development,” he writes, “does not happen of its own accord”: ibid., 520.
William Bartram, quoted by Peter Nabokov and Robert Easton, Native American Architecture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 104–105.
Size of Anasazi settlements: ibid., 361.
Palace of Knossos in Crete: Vincent Scully, Pueblo: Mountain, Village, Dance (New York: Viking Press, 1972), 117.
“The architectural principle”: Vincent Scully, Architecture: The Natural and the Man-made (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), 5.
History of San Agostin: Albert Manucy, The Houses of St. Augustine (Saint Augustine, Fla.: The St. Augustine Historical Society, 1962), 8.
“The North American settlements of the Spanish colonial empire”: John W. Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965), 46.
“Spanish colonial efforts”: ibid., 54.
Population of Montreal: Opening the Gates of Eighteenth-Century Montréal, Phyllis Lambert and Alan Stewart, eds. (Montreal: Canadian Centre for Architecture, 1992), 45.
Description of Montreal’s fortification: ibid., 22–23.
Belonged to the Middle Ages: Christopher Tunnard and Henry Hope Reed, American Skyline: The Growth and Form of Our Cities and Towns (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1955), 31
New Haven influenced by Vitruvian principles: Anthony N. B. Garvan, Architecture and Town Planning in Colonial Connecticut (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951).
“avoid the undecent and incommodious irregularities”: “A Contemporary View of Carolina in 1680,” The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Vol. 55 (i954), 153–54
All the hallmarks of the American small town: see Jaquelin T. Robertson, “The House as the City,” New Classicism, Andreas Papdakis and Harriet Watson, eds. (London: Academy Editions, 1990), 234.
“Let every house be placed”: Samuel Hazard, Annals of Pennsylvania, from the Discovery of the Delaware, 1602–1682 (Philadelphia: Hazard & Mitchell, 1850), 527–30.
“The Improvement of the place”: The Making of Urban America, 167.
“The streets of Philadelphia intersect each other at right angles”: quoted by Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), 139.
“Since in America they do not like to live crowded”: Christopher von Graffenried, Account of the Founding of New Bern, Vincent H. Todd, ed. and trans. (Raleigh, N.C.: Edwards & Broughton Printing Co., 1920), 377.
“an idealized, even mythic, domesticity”: “The House as the City,” 237.
“We went to see the town”: Quoted by Richard Reeves in American Journey: Traveling with Tocqueville in Search of Democracy in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982), 30.
“Almost all the houses are charming”: Alexis de Tocqueville, Journey to America, J. P. Mayer, ed., George Lawrence, trans. (London: Faber & Faber, 1959), 202.
“the ultimate individual”: ibid., 152.
“Americans love their towns”: Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, J. P. Mayer, ed., George Lawrence, trans. (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 278–79.
According to local tradition the green represents: see John W. Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965), 132.
“The visual satisfaction one discovers”: ibid., 132.
From a map of the town as it was in 1869: see Beers, Ellis, and Soule, Atlas of Windsor County, Vermont (New York, 1869) reproduced in ibid., 134.
fn “Technicians of today”: Camillo Sitte, The Art of Building Cities: City Building According to Artistic Principles, Charles T. Stewart, trans. (Westport, Conn.: Hyperion Press, 1991), 30.
“Cincinnati presents an odd spectacle”: Journey to America, 265.
“They have already rooted up trees”: Democracy in America, 469.
The symbolic iconography of the city’s plan: see Allan Greenberg, “The Architecture of Democracy,” New Classicism (London: Academy Editions, 1990), 70.
“External appearance of the town”: Journey to America, 164.
“All the edifices are neat”: Quoted in American Journey, 252.
“One feels one has escaped”: Journey to America, 203.
“To a Frenchman”: Quoted in American Journey, 315.
Letter to Chabrol: Alexis de Tocqueville, Selected Letters on Politics and Society, Roger Boesche, ed., James Toupin and Roger Boesche, trans. (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1985), 43.
“As an aid to speculation”: The Making of Urban America, 299.
Manhattan street levels: William Rathje and Cullen Murphy, Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 35.
“Quantity increases”: Democracy in America, 468.
“Democratic peoples . . .”: ibid., 465.
There is evidence that, beginning in the 1720s: Richard L. Bushman, The Refinement of America: Persons, Houses, Cities (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), 84.
“America has not yet any great capital”: Democracy in America, 278–79.
“I view great cities”: quoted by Christopher Tunnard, The City of Man (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1970), 34.
“Money is the only form of social distinction”: Journey to America, 157.
“Neither the Park nor the Battery”: Quoted in The Refinement of America, 165.
“condemned by law and opinion”: Democracy in America, 69.
“Toward the end of the [eighteenth] century”: The Refinement of America, 168.
fn “This may be changing.” See Heather MacDonald, “San Francisco Gets Tough with the Homeless,” City Journal (Autumn 1994), 30–40.
“Individualism is a calm and considered feeling”: Democracy in America, 506.
“An American . . . changes his residence ceaselessly”: Selected Letters on Politics and Society, 39.
“When you leave the main roads”: Alexis de Tocqueville, Journey to America, J. P. Mayer, ed., George Lawrence, trans. (London: Faber & Faber, 1952), 334.
Monticello and the Hôtel de Salm: Jefferson and Monticello: The Biography of a Builder (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1988), 210.
“point of maximum concentration”: Lewis Mumford, The Culture of Cities (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1938), 3.
About 10 percent of the total population living in towns is the threshold: Fernand Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life: The Limits of the Possible, Siân Reynolds, trans. (New York: Harper & Row, 1981), 484.
“little more than a dozen or so log cabins”: Quoted in John W. Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965), 300.
Losses of the Chicago fire: see Ross Miller, American Apocalypse: The Great Fire and the Myth of Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 18.
Electric lights in a Prairie Avenue mansion: Harold L. Piatt, The Electric City: Energy and the Growth of the Chicago Area, 1880–1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 34.
The first complete steel frame was erected in 1890: see T. K. Derry and Trevor I. Williams, A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, i960), 416.
Nearly nine out of ten Chicagoans were first- or second-generation immigrants: American Social History Project, Who Built America? Working People and the Nation’s Economy, Politics, Culture, and Society, Volume 2: Prom the Gilded Age to the Present (New York: Pantheon, 1992), 17.
“Chicago is conscious that there is something in the world”: Quoted in American Apocalypse, 112.
“That a city had any other purpose”: Lewis Mumford, Sticks and Stone: A Study of American Architecture and Civilization (New York: Horace Liveright, 1924), 109–10.
“self-consciously setting out to ennoble commerce”: Daniel Bluestone, Constructing Chicago (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), 150.
“an aesthetic that created a necessary connection”: ibid., 140.
“the first effectively planned complex of public buildings”: Robert A. M. Stern, Pride of Place: Building the American Dream (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 307.
Described the White City as reactionary and subversive: James Marston Fitch, American Building, 1: The Historical Forces That Shaped It (New York: Schocken Books, 1973), 210.
“sanitary wonder”: William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), 57.
A Tower of Light with ten thousand Edison bulbs: The Electric City, 62.
“Chicago was the first expression of American thought as a unity”: Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918), 343
“Against chaos and anarchy in architecture”: Werner Hegemann and Elbert Peets, The American Vitruvius: An Architect’s Handbook of Civic Art (New York: Princeton University Press, 1988). 1.
“a devotion to clarity and order”: John Brinckerhoff Jackson, Discovering the Vernacular Landscape (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984), 67.
Olmsted’s all-important influence: see William H. Wilson, The City Beautiful Movement (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), 33.
Criticisms of the enlarged mall: see The American Vitruvius, 293.
The term “City Beautiful” emerged in 1900: The City Beautiful Movement, 128.
Focal points for the expression of civic values: see Sally A. Kitt Chappell, Architecture and Planning of Graham, Anderson, Probst and White, 1912–1936: Transforming Tradition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 29.
“architectural design cult”: Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Random House, 1961), 375.
Reps on Burnham Plan: John W. Reps, The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965), 517.
Burnham’s original draft incorporated reforms: see Kristen Schaffer, “Fabric of City Life,” introduction to Daniel H. Burnham et al., Plan of Chicago (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1993), viii–xiii.
“We have found that those cities”: ibid., 22.
There was no pressure to build tall buildings: see Jonathan Barnett, The Elusive City: Five Centuries of Design, Ambition and Miscalculation (New York: Harper & Row, 1986), 29.
Zoning changes along North Michigan Avenue: John W. Stamper, Chicago’s North Michigan Avenue: Planning and Development, 1900–1930 (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1991), 39.
“North Michigan’s transformation”: ibid., 27.
According to Wilson, the newly established associations of professional city planners: The City Beautiful Movement, 285.
“At the First National Conference on City Planning”: ibid., 287.
“the bourgeois interlude”: John Lukacs, Outgrowing Democracy: A History of the United States in the Twentieth Century (New York: Doubleday, 1984), 159.
A City Beautiful conference was held in Liverpool: Frank Jackson, Sir Raymond Unwin: Architect, Planner and Visionary (London: A. Zwemmer Ltd., 1985), 107.
fn Anthony Sutcliffe, Paris: An Architectural History (New Haven: Yale Architectural Press, 1993), 88.
First true New York skyscraper: see Robert A. M. Stern, Pride of Place: Building the American Dream (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1986), 255–56.
fn The first New York City apartment buildings: Elizabeth Hawes, New York, New York: How the Apartment House Transformed the Life of the City (1869–1930). (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993), 37
“We saw the mystic city of the new world”: Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, When the Cathedrals Were White, Francis E. Hyslop, Jr., trans. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), 109.
“the beautiful stone slabs of the floor”: ibid., 79.
“Between the present skyscrapers”: ibid., 191.
“a period of arrested urban development”: Jon C. Teaford, The Twentieth Century American City: Problem, Promise, and Reality (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 74.
More than half of the entire proposed budget of $50 billion: Bernard J. Frieden and Lynne B. Sagalyn, Downtown, Inc. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991), 21–22.
For a number of reasons, including an earlier federal court decision: Michael H. Schill and Susan M. Wachter “The Spatial Bias of Federal Housing Programs,” Research Impact Paper #3, Wharton Real Estate Center, University of Pennsylvania, December 1994, 2–3.
Between 1957 and 1968, the Chicago Housing Authority: Raymond J. Struyk, A New System for Public Housing: Salvaging a National Resource (Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute, 1980), 27.
fn Jane Jacobs cites a number of residential studies: see Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York: Random House, 1961), 203.
Entrants were asked: “Architecture Competition for Public Housing,” Chicago Tribune (March 1993), 11.
“One must avoid the danger”: Nathan Glazer, The Public Interest (Number 7, spring 1967), 38
Vincent Lane, the activist chairman: see Don Terry, “Housing Chief Pushes a Wrecking-Ball Plan,” New York Times (February 14, 1994), A14.
Newark public housing: see Rachelle Garbarine, “Razing, and Remaking, High-Rise Public Housing,” New York Times (May 8, 1994), 10/9.
“one of the largest and most rapid mass internal movements”: Nicholas Lemann, The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America (New York: Vintage Books, 1992), 6.
“After a stimulating cocktail”: Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, When the Cathedrals Were White, Francis E. Hyslop, trans. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), 86–87.
“Fernand Braudel once wryly observed”: Fernand Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life: The Limits of the Possible, Siân Reynolds, trans. (New York: Harper & Row, 1981), 557.
“There is a suburban look and character”: Quoted in John R. Stilgoe, Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820–1939 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), 5.
Henry C. Binford, The First Suburbs: Residential Communities on the Boston Periphery, 1815–1860 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985), 2.
Rutgers historian Robert Fishman dates the first West Philadelphia suburbs: Robert Fishman, Bourgeois Utopias (New York: Basic Books, 1987), 140–41.
The rate of urban growth slowed to almost zero: “Urbanization,” Encyclopaedia Britannica (Chicago, 1949), Vol. 22, 894.
175 Use of streetcars and buses: Jon C. Teaford, The Twentieth-Century American City: Problem, Promise, and Reality (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 66.
Boston loses population: John Lukacs, Outgrowing Democracy: A History of the United States in the Twentieth Century (New York: Doubleday, 1984), 161.
“Chicago,” Encyclopaedia Britannica (Chicago, 1949), Vol. 5, 447.
“women and men who established these communities”: Borderland, 308.
“without the joys of genuine city life”: ibid., 154.
On Jamaica Plain: Alexander von Hoffman, Local Attachments: The Making of an American Urban Neighborhood, 1850–1920 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).
“During the second half of the nineteenth century”: ibid., 24.
“The suburb is . . . a state of mind”: Robert A. M. Stern, “La Ville Bourgeoise,” in The Anglo-American Suburb, Robert A. M. Stern and John Montague Massengale, eds. (London: Architectural Design, 1981), 5.
Origins of Llewellyn Park: see Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 76-79
There are currently some 130,000 such developments: Evan McKenzie, Privatopia: Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 12.
He has estimated that by the year 2000: Evan McKenzie, “Welcome Home, Do as We Say,” New York Times (August 18, 1994), A23.
“are not only the present but the future of American housing”: ibid., 177.
“Barnett saw the new suburb”: see Frank Jackson, Sir Raymond Unwin: Architect, Planner and Visionary (London: A. Zwemmer Ltd., 1985), 98.
“It was not deemed enough”: Quoted in ibid., 89.
“the jewel in the suburban crown”: The Anglo-American Suburb, 42.
The largest annexation in American history: David R. Contosta, Suburb in the City: Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, 1850-1990 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1992), 1.
Which he heard about in meetings of the National Housing Conference: ibid., 104.
“So long as we are confined”: Raymond Unwin, Town Planning in Practice: An Introduction to the Art of Designing Cities and Suburbs (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994), 353.
Commissioned about 180 houses: Suburb in the City, 112.
He sent his young architects: ibid., 109.
fn Designed by H. Louis Duhring in 1910: ibid., 106.
fn Wright first proposed this idea in 1913: John Sergeant, Frank Lloyd Wright’s Usonian Houses: The Case for Organic Architecture (New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1975), 72.
Garden suburbs in Montreal and Toronto: see John Sewell, The Shape of the City: Toronto Struggles with Modern Planning (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993), 52.
Two public housing projects in Bridgeport: see Mark Alden Branch, “Two Villages, Two Worlds,” Progressive Architecture (December, 1993), 50–53.
“We have become so used to living”: Town Planning in Practice, 11.
The second Levittown also included: see The Twentieth-Century American City, 102.
Amenities of Levittown house: see Crabgrass Frontier, 235–36.
fn Robert Gutman, The Design of American Housing: A Reappraisal of the Architect’s Role (New York: Publishing Center for Cultural Resources, 1985), 56–57
Description of nineteenth-century Plattsburgh: Plattsburgh 1897 (Plattsburgh: Plattsburgh Daily Press, 1897), reprinted 1978, Corner-Stone Bookshop, Plattsburgh.
On Plattsburgh streetcars: see Roger Borrop, “Plattsburgh Traction Company,” Transportation Bulletin (No. 78, September 1970-December 1971).
Patronage of non-commuter passenger trains: Jon C. Teaford, The Twentieth-Century American City: Problem, Promise, and Reality (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 112.
On Piggly Wiggly and King Kullen: Phil Patton, Made in USA: The Secret Histories of the Things That Made America (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1992), 256-64.
“The automobile—especially the commercial automobile”: John Brincker hoff Jackson, A Sense of Place, a Sense of Time (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 184.
From i960 to 1970, more than eight thousand new centers opened in the United States: International Council of Shopping Centers statistic.
“with the advent of more civilized times”: Quoted by Donald W. Curl, Mizner’s Florida: American Resort Architecture (New York: The Architectural History Foundation, 1984), 113.
On Farmers Market chain: See Peter G. Rowe, Making a Middle Landscape (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991), 120-23.
In 1946 there were still only eight large shopping centers: Kenneth T. Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 259.
Probably the first such center was Northgate: Margaret Crawford, “The World in a Shopping Center,” Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space, Michael Sorkin, ed. (New York: Noonday Press, 1992), 20.
About 3,700 only a decade later: International Council of Shopping Centers statistic.
One of the largest was Northland: see Making a Middle Landscape, 126.
Cited the glass-roofed, nineteenth-century gallerias: Victor Gruen, The Heart of Our Cities: The Urban Crisis, Diagnosis and Cure (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1964), 194.
The Sports Museum of New England; Eben Shapiro, “Even City Hall Has Moved to the Mall,” New York Times (July 30, 1992), Di.
The Board of Education of Ottawa: Nicholas Ionides, “Bringing the Classroom to the Student,” Globe & Mail (November 19, 1992), Di.
Pittsburgh’s new airport: Chriss Swaney, “Airport Mall Flying High,” New York Times (December 13, 1992), R9.
Robert L. Sorensen: Quoted in Heidi Gralla, “Public Access Private Property,” Shopping Centers Today (November 1991), 24 and 26.
Expect it to outdraw Walt Disney World: Neal Karlen, “The Mall That Ate Minnesota,” New York Times (August 30, 1992), V5.
Invited in only three days a year: Allan Braham, The Architecture of the Enlightenment (London: Thames & Hudson, 1980), 157.
“in half an hour he would be most beautifully attired”: Quoted by Mark Girouard, Cities and People (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985), 204.
fn “Fast food and takeouts are taking their toll of traditional French life”: Marlise Simons, “Starved for Customers, the Bistros Die in Droves,” New York Times (December 22, 1994), 2.
“They cater exclusively to middle-class tastes”: Crabgrass Frontier, 260.
“In ambiance and retail mix”: Bernard J. Frieden and Lynne B. Sagalyn, Downtown, Inc. (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991), 66.
The splendid GUM department store: see Cities and People, 291-93.
Large enough to qualify as a so-called regional mall: see Isadore Barmash, “For Shopping Centers, Less Is Becoming More,” New York Times (September 27, 1992), F5.
fn The New Jersey Supreme Court based its 1994 decision: “Excerpt from the Ruling on Free Speech at Malls,” New York Times (December 21, 1994), B6.
A 1989 Gallup poll: Quoted by Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk in “The Second Coming of the American Small Town,” Wilson Quarterly (Winter 1992), 21-22.
Recommends between 5,000 and 10,000: Christopher Alexander et al., A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), 71-74.
The fastest-growing, wealthiest, and most educated areas: Alecia Swasy, “America’s 20 Hottest White-Collar Addresses,” Wall Street Journal (March 8, 1994), Bi.
Commuting out to the surrounding suburban counties: David R. Contosta, Suburb in the City: Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, 1850-1990 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1992), 266-67.
Only half as many Americans nationwide were making the traditional suburb-to-city trip: James Trefil, A Scientist in the City (New York: Doubleday, 1994), 123.
“The bottom line is”: David Rusk, Cities Without Suburbs (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1993), 75.
“The situation is not hopeless”: David Rusk, Cities Without Suburbs: Data Supplement (Washington, D.C.: December 1993). Unpublished report. Unpaginated.
Planner and architect Andres Duany: “The Seaside Debate,” ANY (July/August 1993 Number 1), 28.
“We’re only reacting to the fact”: Peter Applebome, “Basketball Tournament Vivifies Charlotte’s Downbeat ‘Uptown,’ ” New York Times (April 2, 1994), 1.
For Peter Calthorpe’s projects: see Thomas Fisher, “Do Suburbs Have a Future?” Progressive Architecture (December 1993), 36-41.
For Duany and Plater-Zyberk’s Markham project: see Albert Watson, “Born-Again Urbanism in Canada,” Progressive Architecture (November 1994), 51-52.
“Policy for the coming decades”: Moshe Safdie, The City After the Automobile (Unpublished ms, 1994), 38.
“It can be said that a landscape tradition”: John Brinckerhoff Jackson, A Sense of Place, a Sense of Time (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), viii.