A
Abel, Rudolf, 266
Aberdeen Proving Ground, 68
Adventures of Superman, The, 156-158
Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP), 122, 124
Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE), 413-415
aircraft safety measures, 286-324
Akimov, Aleksandr Fyodorovich, 362-365, 369
American Nuclear Society, 222
americium contamination, 228-233
Anglo-Canadian nuclear efforts, 85-90
Argonne National Laboratory, 33, 91, 114-122, 129-136
atomic bomb development, 35-36
atomic bomb explosion
Atomic Energy Act, 159
Atomic Energy Authority, 158, 169, 180
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 81, 113, 117-123, 129-130, 192, 415
Atomic Energy for Military Purposes, 264
Atomic Man incident, 231, 234, 344
Automated In-Flight Insertion (AIFI) mechanism, 289-290
B
Bailey, Dr. William John Aloysius, 16-18, 20-23, 33, 79
Bakerville, Charles, 26
Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), 316, 323
Banting, Frederick, 19
Barnes, DeWitt, xiv
Baum, L. Frank, 1
Becquerel, Henri, 7
Bergstrom, Louis, xiv
Bethe, Hans, 50
Bikini Atoll, 63, 76, 80, 159, 170, 295
Blackoak Ridge, 44-45. See also Oak Ridge facilities
Bock’s Car, 43
boiler explosion, xii-xvi, xviii
bombing campaigns, 35-45, 37, 39
BORAX-III, 133
BORAX-IV, 133
BORAX-V, 133
Bothe, Walther, 52
Breitenstein, Dr. Bryce D., 235
Bridenbaugh, Dale G., 382
Bridge on the River Kwai, The, 188
British Blue Peacock weapon, 188
British nuclear reactor testing, 153-188
“Broken Arrow” accidents, 287-288, 304
Brouma, Andre G., 134
Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant, 333-336
Bryukhanov, Viktor Petrovich, 361
Burst Cartridge Detection Gear (BCDG), 168
Byers, Eben McBurney, 21-25, 30, 33, 79
C
Cain, Charles, xii
Camp Century, Greenland, 134-143
Carter, James Earl, 104, 419, 420
Castle Cue, 79
Cavendish Laboratory, 84
Chalk River Laboratory, 83, 90, 94-111, 166
Chelyabinsk incident, 71, 280-284
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster, 357-375
Chernobyl RBMK nuclear reactor, viii, 102, 357-369, 359, 370, 371-372
“China Syndrome,” 400
Church, Henry, 236
Church, Marcus, 237
Cisler, Walker Lee, 206-207, 216-218
Clancy, Tom, 286
Cleanup Project, 152
Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, 218-219, 419-420, 423
Clinton Engineering Works, 45, 51, 62. See also Oak Ridge facilities
Cockcroft, Dr. John Douglas, 89-90, 165-167
“Cockcroft’s follies,” 166, 178
Connolly, “Head-On” Joe, xv-xvi
Cosmic Voice, 278
“credible accident” criterion, 273
criticality accident explanation, 51-52, 59. See also specific plants
criticality accidents review, 93, 258, 271
criticality experiment, 59-60, 64, 69
Crush, William “Bill,” ix, xi-xv, 131
Curie, Iréne Joliot, 33
Curie, Marie, 7-8, 10, 18, 20, 32-33
D
Daghlian, Haroutune “Harry” Krikor, Jr., 57-61, 63
D’Aquino, Iva Toguri, 39
Darnall, Ernest, xiv
Darzens, Auguste George, 196
de Hoffman, Frederic, 145
Deane, J. C., xii
Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA), 286
Dentuna, 66
Department of Energy, 152, 252, 425
Department of Energy Explosive Safety Manual, 252
deuterium, 47, 52-54, 76-79, 85-88
“DEW Line,” 134
Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant, 387, 391
Diesel, Rudolph, 112
Direct Contact Reactor (DCR), 413-415, 422
Distant Early Warning System, 134
Döpel, Klara, 52
Douglas, Michael, 343
Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR), 226
“Dr. Freezelove,” 322
Dr. Strangelove, or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, 145, 322
Duke, Derek, 303
Dyatlov, Anatoly Stepanovich, 361-365, 369
Dyson, Dr. Freeman, 145
E
E. I. Hatch Nuclear Power Plant, 325-326, 404
Early Warning Systems, 134, 316
earthquake damage, 391-401, 421
earthquake predictions, 389-390
earthquake protection, 387, 391
East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT), 284-285
Eden, Anthony, 171
Effects of Nuclear Weapons, The, 41
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 74-75, 123, 156, 265-266
Electrical Review, 6
Elms, Joan, 296
Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS), 327-341
Eminger, Verle “Lefty,” 242-243
Emlet, Logan, 199
Engineer Reactors Group, 134, 425
Evans, Robley D., 33
Experimental Breeder Reactor One (EBR-1), 114-122, 147, 196
F
Fabian, Blain, 350
Failla, Dr. Gioacchino, 169
Fair, D. R. R., 153
Faro incident, 307, 311, 314, 324
fast breeder reactor, 116-118, 192, 208-210, 220-226, 273, 410, 420
Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR), 224
“Fat Man” nuclear weapon, 35, 40-43, 42, 55-56, 63, 240, 250, 323
Fermi, Dr. Enrico, 53, 62-63, 114, 207, 216
Fermi 1 plant, 207-210, 211, 213-219, 224
Fermi 2 plant, 218
Field, Paul “Spider Fuzz,” 325
fireballs, 41-43, 76-80, 147, 236, 288, 396
fission chambers, 57
Flinn, Frederick B., 23
fluoroscope, 9
Fomin, Nikolai Maksimovich, 361
Forbidden Planet, 157
Ford, Gerald, 39
Francis, Anne, 157
Frisch, Otto, 57
Fryer, Grace, 29
Fuchs, Klaus, 158
Fukushima Daiichi plant
“credible accident” criterion, 273
earthquake damage, 391-401, 421
earthquake predictions, 389-390
earthquake protection, 387, 391
fuel-handling schematic, 388
radioactive dust from, 395-396, 399-400
tragedy at, viii, xxi, 102, 376-403
tsunami protection, 387
tsunami warnings, 389
“Functional Criteria for Emergency Response Facilities,” 405
G
Gagarin, Yuri, vi
gamma radiation, 13
Generation IV International Forum, 425
Gilda, 66
Gilliam, 66
Giraud, André, 222
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 222
Glasstone, Samuel, 41
Godzilla, 82
Goering, Kent, 134
Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeyevich, 371
Graphite Low Energy Experimental Pile (GLEEP), 160
Graves, Dr. Alvin C., 64-65, 79
Great Artiste, 36
Greenland incidents, 134-143, 314-323
Gregerson, Soren, 134
Griss, Curtis R., Jr., 317-321
H
Hallum Nuclear Generating Station, 205
Harrisburg, 342, 350, 353-355. See also Three Mile Island (TMI) disaster
Harteck, Paul, 52
Hayworth, Rita, 66
Heilstollen, 32
Helney, Otto K., 193
Heran, Donald F., 300
Hicks, Thomas, 18
High Temperature Reactor Experiment 1 (HTRE-1), 124-125
High Temperature Reactor Experiment 2 (HTRE-2), 125
High Temperature Reactor Experiment 3 (HTRE-3), 125-127
high-pressure coolant injections systems (HPCI), 384-385, 391-392, 396
Hinton, Joan, 59
Hiroshima bombing, 36-41, 39, 45, 367
Holthaus, Richard, 260, 262-263
Hoover Dam, vi
hormesis, 19
Howard, W. J., 303
Howells, Huw, 175
Hubbard, Richard B., 382
hydrogen bomb
development of, 75-77, 236-237
fission device of, 291
illustration of, 308
Hyperion reactor, 424
I
Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, 147-152
Idaho Cleanup Project, 152
Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), 152
“Incident in the Wuergassen Nuclear Power Plant,” 381
induction coils, 5
in-flight insertion mechanism, 289-290
integral fast reactor, 116. See also fast breeder reactor
ionizing radiation, xix-xxi, 15, 27
“Ivy Mike” device, 76-77, 170-172. See also thermonuclear devices
J
Japan Nuclear Fuel Conversion Company, 272-277, 275
Japanese accidents, 272-277, 376-403. See also Fukushima Dai-Ichi plant
Jesser, Wayne, 246
Johnson, Edwin “Big Ed,” 237
Johnson, Howard, 376
Joliot-Curie, Frédéric, 90
Joliot-Curie, Iréne, 33
K
Kendrick, Nesbit, 56
Kennedy, John F., 74, 129, 415
Kershenbaum, Igor, 365
Klein, George, 90
Koch, E., 381
Kopermann, Nicholaus, 52
Kowarski, Lew, 90
Kubrick, Stanley, 322
Kudryavtsev, Aleksandr, 369
Kunder, George, 349
Kunst, Frederick, 26
L
Lagerstrom, Robert J., 301
Lagoona Beach, Michigan, 206, 215-218
Land of Oz, 1
Lang, Casey, 407
Lawrence, Dr. Ernest, 49
Lawrence-Livermore Laboratory, 68, 181, 383
Lean, David, 188
Lehman, Dr. Edward, 29
Lemmon, Jack, 343
Lewis, W. B., 95
“Lexington Report,” 123
L-I reactor, 52
Lichtenberger, Harold, 120, 131-132
Lilienthal, David, 113
linear non-threshold (LNT), 19
lithium deuteride, 69-70, 76-79, 172, 314, 323
“Little Boy” nuclear weapon, 36, 37, 45
Locke, E. W., Jr., 123
Looney, Margaret “Peg,” 30
Lorz, Fred, 18
Los Alamos Molten Plutonium Research Reactor (LAMPRE), 412-415
Los Alamos National Laboratory
accidents at, 57-60, 63-73, 79, 252-256, 254, 263
British and, 158
Lyon, George, 21
M
MacLeod, John, 19
Macmillan, Harold, 171
Makhijani, Dr. Arjun, 205
Manchester Guardian, 181
Manhattan Engineer District, 45, 90
Manhattan Project, 44, 52-57, 62, 75, 83-85, 89, 232, 253
Marsden, B. J., 175
Marshall, George C., 300
Martin, John R., 298
Mattocks, Adam C., 309-310, 314
Mayak Production Association plant, 265-272, 267, 268, 277-280, 285
Mehler, Brian, 349
meltdown
causes of, 47
at Chalk River facility, xx, 100-101
at Chernobyl, 357
criticality accidents and, 51
at National Reactor Testing Station, 114-121
terminology for, 100
at Three Mile Island, 102, 205, 326-327, 342-350, 355-356
Metlenko, Gennady Petrovich, 362
Michalon, Vital, 222
Michelson, Carl, 340
military safety measures, 286-324
Miller, Gary, 350
Millikan, Eugene, 237
Minor, Gregory C., 382
missiles
modular reactors, 422-424, 423, 424
Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE), 415-417, 417
Morgan, Karl Z., 63
Morrison, Philip, 40
Morse, Francis, 123
Moyar, Dr. Charles Clinton, 22-23
Murdock, Eric Conda, 315
Murrow, Edward R., 194
N
“nack,” 117-118, 121, 147, 200, 226
Nagai, Mikoto, 389
Nagasaki bombing, 35-36, 43, 55, 66, 250, 289
Nagato, 66
Nagel, John P., 11
NASA, 146
National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS), 114-126, 129-138, 143-152, 328
National Research eXperimental pile (NRX), 89-95, 98, 100-104, 166, 170
Nautilus, 106, 113, 156, 189, 198
Naval Proving Ground, 113
Necessary Evil, 36
Nevada, 66
New York Times, 24, 60, 124, 356
Nicolas II, Czar, ix
Nishiwaki, Yashushi, 82
Nobel Prize winners, 19, 20, 33, 49, 52, 90
Novosibirsk Chemical Concentration Camp, 265
Nuclear Chain Reaction: The First 50 Years, 93
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), 179
nuclear energy release discovery, 19
nuclear fission
demonstration of, 35
energy from, 40-43, 169, 192, 322-323, 379, 403, 412-415
results of, xix-xx, 35-36, 60, 84
nuclear reactors, inventing, 43-51
nuclear weapons safety measures, 286-324
Nucleonics, 121
O
Oak Ridge facilities
reactor at, 114-117, 157-158, 165
O’Leary, Tom, 188
On the Beach, 82
Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant, 390
Operation Chrome Dome, 299, 315
Operation Crested Ice, 322-323
Operation Crossroads, 63
Operation Desert Storm, 295
Operation Grouse, 85
Operation Gunnerside, 85
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 295
Operation Sandstone, 166
Operation Smiling Buddha, 103
Operation Snow Flurry, 304
Operation Southern Belle, 301
Operation Teapot, 194
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 49-50, 90
P
Pantex bomb assembly plant, 248-252, 323
Papin, Denis, 366
Paulson, Bjarnie Hannibal, 110
Peabody, Charles “Chickie,” 262, 264
Pearl Harbor attack, 66
Peck, Gregory, 82
Penney, William, 158-161, 164-166, 170-171, 180-181
Perevozchenko, Valery Ivanovich, 361, 366
Pint Bottle Experiment (PBX), 415
Pintek, Mike, 350
Plokhy, Taras Grigoryevich, 361
Plowden, Edwin, 177
plutonium ball, 56-61, 64, 70, 249, 289
plutonium breeders, 207-208, 218-219
Plutonium Finishing Plant, 228-233
Poole, Jerry, 34
Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation (PNC), 225
Powers, Francis Gary, 265-266, 278
Princess Project, 123
Proceedings of the Physical Medical Society, 6
Project Alberta, 38
Project Alberta: The Preparation of Atomic Bombs, 40
Project Bell Boy, 154
prompt criticality, 65-66, 70-73, 79, 255-256, 262-263
Proskuryakov, Victor, 369
Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR), 226
Pugh, Larry A., 193
Pulyui, Ivan, 6
Q
R
radiation
discovery of, 7
gamma radiation, 13
ionizing radiation, xix-xxi, 15, 27
long-term hazards, xix-xxi, 33
radiation poisoning
Atomic Man incident, 231, 234, 344
exposure time for, 99
first person with, 60
Lucky Dragon incident, 81
radiation sickness
Chernobyl disaster, 369
early documentation of, 12
radioactive cocktails, 27
radioactive dust
from Chernobyl disaster, 372
dangers of, 247
from Fukushima disaster, 395-396, 399-400
from Kyshtym disaster, 280
from Lucky Dragon incident, 81
preventing, 166
radioactive gas, 13, 146, 196, 204, 355
radioactive water, 31-32, 102, 109
Radioendocrinator, 20
radioisotope research, 19
Radium Dance, The, 27
reactor isolation cooling system (RCIC), 385-386, 393, 397
Reagan, Ronald, 420
Reeves, George, 156
Reuther, Walter, 207
“Review of Criticality Accidents, A,” 93, 258, 271
Rickover, Hyman, 103-104, 189, 191, 218, 327, 380, 409-413
Robinson, Cliff, 373
Rocky Flats Plutonium Component Fabrication Plant, 236-248
Roentgen Equivalent Man (rem), 60, 99, 254-256
Rogers, Leland, 349
Rongelap Atoll, 78
Rongerlick Atoll, 78
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 45, 113, 333
Ross, K. B., 177
Russ, Harlow W., 40
Russian accidents, 69-72, 265-272, 277-285
S
Safety Parameter Display System, 404
Santa Susana Field Laboratory, 193, 197, 205
Savannah River Project (SRP), 89, 232, 301-302
Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydro Power Plant, vi-viii
Schwartz, Jean, 27
scram system, 70-72, 92-97, 130, 358
Serber, Robert, 40
Shakespeare, William, 157
Shute, Nevil, 82
Siberian Chemical Combine, 265
SL-1 incident, 113-114, 135-147, 188, 231-235, 422, 424
Slavsky, Yefim P., 219
Slotin, Dr. Louis A., 62-67, 73, 79
Smyth Report, The, 264
SNAPTRAN-1, 147
Soddy, Frederick, 19
sodium pumps, 195-198, 200-202, 205, 212-213
Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) reactor, 193-195, 195, 200-205
sodium-cooled breeders, 193-197, 209, 218-226, 425
Sorsa, Kalevi, 372
Soviet accidents, 69-72, 265-272, 277-285
Special Power Excursion Reactor Test One (SPERT-1), 143-144
spent fuel
disposing of, 148, 193, 220, 256-257
illustration of, 257
“SRE Fuel Element Damage,” 203
Stanton, C. E., xii
Stardubtsev, Gennadiy S., 271
steam engine explosion, xv-xvii
Steiner, Joseph, 23
Stetter, Georg, 52
Stewart, Clarence Arville, 301-302
Strauss, Lewis L., 81
strontium compound, 25
supercriticality
Chelyabinsk incident, 281
Chernobyl disaster, 365
Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, 150-152
JCO accident, 276
Los Alamos accident, 255
plutonium fires, 247
SL-1 incident, 138
Wood River Junction accident, 263-264
Suslov, A. P., 271
T
Teller, Dr. Edward, 145, 168-169, 356
Tempest, The, 157
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 45, 113, 333, 340-341
thermal breeder reactor, 192-194, 219
Thermal Tunnel, 32
thermonuclear devices
development of, 111
Faro incident, 307, 311, 314, 324
“Ivy Mike” device, 76-77, 170-172
Tybee Island incident, 300-304
Thornburgh, Richard, 354
Three Mile Island (TMI) disaster
meltdown, 102, 205, 326-327, 342-350, 352, 355-356
reactor construction, 342-344, 380
reactor schematic, 342
TMI-2, 342, 342-343, 346-356, 352
Tibbets, Paul W., 38
Tohoku Earthquake, 391-401, 421. See also Fukushima Daiichi plant
Tomsk-7 Reprocessing Plant, 265
Toptunov, Leonid, 361, 363-365, 369
Travis, Robert F., 299
TRIGA, 145
tsunami protection, 387
tsunami warnings, 389
“Two decades of Dissidence,” 280
two-electrode tube, 6
Tybee Island incident, 300-304
U
underwater reactor, 424
United Kingdom accidents, 173-188
United Kingdom testing, 153-188
United Nuclear Corporation, 257
United Nuclear Fuels Recovery Plant, 257-264
Untermyer, Samuel, II, 129-133, 380
uranium, mining, 12-13, 27, 45-46, 115, 237
uranium oxide, 31, 47-53, 84, 105, 148, 272-274
uranmaschine, 52
US Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History, 286, 287
V
Voigt, O., 381
von Ardenne, Manfred, 52
von Lénárd, Phillipp, 6
von Neumann, Johnny, 74
von Sochocky, Sabin A., 29
W
Walker, James J. “Jimmy,” 24
Walton, Ernest Thomas Sinton, 90
Wassaw Sound incident, 301-304
waste-disposal problem, 148, 193, 220, 256-257, 418-422
Watson-Munro, Charles, 90
Wells, Lee, 193
Wendt, George, 20
Westinghouse, George, 5
White Sands Missile Range accident, 68
Wigner Energy, 169
Windscale reactor accident, 173-183
Windscale reactors, 160-161, 162, 163, 163-187
Winn, Robert H., 23
Wood River Junction facility, 257-264
Woolard, Leland W., 301
Wuergassen Nuclear Power Plant incident, 381-382
X
X-10 reactor, 62, 119, 157-161, 163, 165
x-ray machines, 16
Y
Yokata, Kazuma, 390
Yoshitake, George, 156
You Are Responsible!, 279
Z