N.B. All works cited were published in London, unless otherwise stated.
|
APS |
The Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ed. Thomas Thomson and Cosmo Innes (12 vols., Edinburgh, 1814–75) |
|
BL |
British Library |
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Bodl. |
Bodleian Library, Oxford |
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Burnet, HOT |
Gilbert Burnet, History of His Own Time: From the Restoration of King Charles the Second to the Treaty of Peace at Utrecht, in the Rein of Queen Anne (1850) |
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Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub |
Calendar of the Ancient Records of Dublin, in the Possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City, ed. John T. Gilbert (16 vols., Dublin, 1889–1913) |
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CJ |
Journals of the House of Commons |
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CSPD |
Calendar of State Papers Domestic |
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DNB |
Dictionary of National Biography |
|
Dom. Int. Imp. |
The Domestick Intelligence; Or, News both from City and Country Impartially Related |
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FSL | Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC |
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HJ |
Historical Journal |
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HMC |
Historical Manuscripts Commission |
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Hunt. Lib. | Huntington Library, San Marino, Cal. |
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Imp. Prot. Merc. |
The Impartial Protestant Mercury |
|
LC |
Library of Congress, Washington, DC |
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LJ |
Journals of the House of Lords |
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LMA |
London Metropolitan Archives (formerly Greater London Record Office) |
|
Lond. Gaz. |
London Gazette |
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Loy. Prot. Int. |
Loyal Protestant and True Domestick Intelligence |
|
Luttrell |
Narcissus Luttrell, A Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs from September, 1678, to April, 1714 (6 vols., Oxford 1857) |
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Morrice |
Dr Williams's Library, London: Roger Morrice, Entr'ing Book, vols. P, Q, R |
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NA |
National Archives (formerly Public Record Office) |
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NAS |
National Archives of Scotland (formerly Scottish Record Office) |
|
NLI |
National Library of Ireland |
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NLS |
National Library of Scotland |
|
Parl. Hist. |
The Parliamentary History of England from the earliest Period to the Year 1803, ed. William Cobbett (36 vols., 1806–20) |
|
POAS |
Poems on Affairs of State, ed. Geoffrey de Forest Lord et al. (7 vols., New Haven, 1963–75) |
|
RO |
Record Office |
|
RPCS |
The Register of the Privy Council of Scotland. Third Series, 1661–1691, ed. P. H. Brown, et al. (16 vols., Edinburgh, 1908–70) |
|
SR |
The Statutes of the Realm, ed. A. Luders, T. E. Tomlins and J. France (12 vols., 1810–28) |
|
ST |
State Trials, ed. T. B. Howell (33 vols., 1809–26) |
|
Steele |
Robert Steele, A Bibliography of Royal Proclamations of the Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns and of others Published under Authority 1485–1714 (3 vols. in 2, New York, 1967) |
|
TCD |
Trinity College, Dublin |
|
True Prot, Merc, |
True Protestant Mercury |
|
WYAS |
West Yorkshire Archives Service, Sheepscar, Leeds |
1. HMC, 5th Report, p. 167; The Diary of John Evelyn, ed. E. S. De Beer (6 vols., Oxford, 1955) III, 246; The Diurnal of Thomas Rugg, 1659–1661, ed. William L. Sachse, Camden Society, 3rd series, 91 (1961), pp. 88–91.
2. BL, Add. MSS 32,095, fols. 303–4, 308–9. See also John Miller, James II: A Study in Kingship (1978), pp. 206–7.
3. Conrad Russell, The Causes of the English Civil War (Oxford, 1990), p. 209.
4. Steven Pincus, ‘The Making of a Great Power? Universal Monarchy, Political Economy, and the Transformation of English Political Culture’, The European Legacy, 5 (2000), 541. For a discussion of how the transformations of the later seventeenth century in England led to the birth of modern statecraft, see Alan Houston and Steven Pincus, ‘Introduction. Modernity and Late-Seventeenth-Century England’, and Steven Pincus, ‘From Holy Cause to Economic Interest: The Study of Population and the Invention of the State’, in Alan Houston and Steven Pincus, eds., A Nation Transformed: England after the Restoration (Cambridge, 2001, pp. 1–19, 272–98.
5. House of Lords, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), 5th series, vol. 472 (17 Mar. 1986), p. 796.
6. Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘Celebrating the Glorious Revolution, 1689–1989’ Albion, 22 (1990), 1–20; Eveline Cruickshanks, The Glorious Revolution (Basingstoke, 2000), pp. 1–2.
7. W. A. Maguire, ed., Kings in Conflict: The Revolutionary War in Ireland and its Aftermath 1689–1750 (Belfast, 1990), p. 3.
8. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France: A Critical Edition, ed. J. C. D. Clark (Stanford, 2001), pp. 39, 30, 181.
9. Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, ed. Sir Charles Firth (6 vols., 1913–15), III, 1306, 1310, 1311–12.
10. George Macaulay Trevelyan, The English Revolution 1688–1689 (1938), pp. 7, 11; John Morrill, ‘The Sensible Revolution’, in Jonathan I. Israel, ed., The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the Glorious Revolution and its World Impact (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 73–104.
11. Christopher Hill, The English Revolution, 1640 (1940); The Century of Revolution 1603–1714 (1961); and ‘A Bourgeois Revolution?’, in J. G. A. Pocock, ed., Three British Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776 (Princeton, 1980), pp. 109–39.
12. Lawrence Stone, The Causes of the English Revolution 1529–1642 (New York, 1972), p. 147; Lawrence Stone, ‘The Results of the English Revolutions of the Seventeenth Century’, in Pocock, ed., Three British Revolutions, p. 24.
13. John Morrill, The Nature of the English Revolution (Harlow, 1993), pp. 1, 17; Mark Kishlansky, Parliamentary Selection (Cambridge, 1986).
14. Derek Hirst, England in Conflict, 1603–1660 (1999), p. 255.
15. Stone, ‘Results of the English Revolutions’, p. 24.
16. An important exception is Pincus, ‘Making of a Great Power?’, which offers a foretaste of some of the arguments to be developed in his forthcoming The First Modern Revolution (Cambridge).
17. Lois G. Schwoerer, The Declaration of Rights, 1689 (Baltimore, 1981); W. A. Speck, Reluctant Revolutionaries: Englishmen and the Revolution of 1688 (Oxford, 1988).
18. An important exception is Schwoerer, Declaration of Rights, which does attempt to integrate high and low politics and to examine the machinations of the political elite with propaganda aimed at swaying opinion out-of-doors, though chronologically the focus of the book is very narrow.
19. Tim Harris, ‘Introduction: Revising the Restoration’, in Tim Harris, Paul Seaward and Mark Goldie, eds., The Politics of Religion in Restoration England (Oxford, 1990), p. 23.
20. Ronald Hutton's biography of Charles II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland (Oxford, 1989) does look at all three kingdoms, but is naturally a top-centred history and does not take the story beyond 1685.
21. Since this introduction was written, we now have Clare Jackson's important Restoration Scotland, 1660–1690: Royalist Politics, Religion and Ideas (Woodbridge, 2003).
22. For a fuller discussion, see Tim Harris, ‘Understanding Popular Politics in Restoration Britain’, in Houston and Pincus, eds., Nation Transformed, pp. 125–53.
23. John Miller, ‘Public Opinion in Charles II's England’, History, 80 (1995), 375.
24. Steven C. A. Pincus, ‘“Coffee Politicians Does Create”: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture’, Journal of Modern History, 67 (1995), 812–14; Jackson, Restoration Scotland, p. 41; Raymond Gillespie, ‘The Circulation of Print in Seventeenth-Century Ireland’, Studia Hibernica, 29 (1995–7), 53; Bodl., MS Carte 39, fol. 592.
25. Adam Fox, Oral and Literate Culture in England 1500–1700 (Oxford, 2000), pp. 370–5 (quote on p. 375). See also Harold Love, Scribal Publication in Seventeenth-Century England (Oxford, 1993).
26. NLS, Wod. Qu. XXX.
27. Toby Barnard, ‘Learning, the Learned and Literacy in Ireland, c. 1660–1760’, in Toby Barnard, Dáibhí Ó Cróinín and Katharine Simms, eds., ‘A Miracle of Learning’: Studies in Manuscript and Irish Learning (Aldershot, 1998), pp. 218–19.
28. David Cressy, Literacy and the Social Order: Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England (Cambridge, 1980), pp. 72–5, 176–7; Keith Thomas, ‘The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England’, in Gerd Baumann, ed., The Written Word: Literacy in Transition (Oxford, 1986), pp. 100 Jonathan Barry, ‘Literacy and Literature in Popular Culture: Reading and Writing in Historical Perspective’, in Tim Harris, ed., Popular Culture in Early Modern England, c. 1500 –1850 (Basingstoke, 1995), pp. 69–94; Barry Reay, ‘The Context and Meaning of Popular Literacy: Some Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Rural England’, Past and Present, 131 (1991), 112–14.
29. Rab Houston, ‘The Literacy Myth? Illiteracy in Scotland 1630–1760’, Past and Present, 96 (1982), 81–102 (esp. pp. 89–91, 96); R. A. Houston, Scottish Literacy and the Scottish Identity: Illiteracy and Society in Scotland and Northern England 1600–1800 (Cambridge, 1985), esp. pp 33, 72.
30. Gillespie, ‘Circulation of Print’, pp. 32–3; Barnard, ‘Learning, the Learned and Literacy in Ireland’, pp. 220–21
31. CSPD, 1682, pp. 303, 456, 587; Guildford Muniment Room, MS 111/10/14/1–14.
32. Ethan H. Shagan, ‘Rumours and Popular Politics in the Reign of Henry VIII’, in Tim Harris, ed., The Politics of the Excluded, c. 1500–1850 (2001), pp. 30–66; Fox, Oral and Literate Culture, ch. 7.
33. R. R. Davies, ‘In Praise of British History’, in R. R. Davies, ed., The British Isles 1100 –1500: Comparisons, Contrasts and Connections (Edinburgh, 1988), p. 17.
34. The disparities between the two kingdoms are well drawn out in Mark Goldie, ‘Divergence and Union: Scotland and England, 1660–1707’, in Brendan Bradshaw and John Morrill, eds., The British Problem c. 1534–1707 (Basingstoke, 1996), pp. 220–45.
35. These figures are taken from Basil Duke Henning, ed., The House of Commons, 1660–1690 (3 vols., 1983).
36. Geoffrey Holmes, The Electorate and the National Will in the First Age of Party (Lancaster, 1976); J. H. Plumb, ‘The Growth of the Electorate in England from 1600–1715’, Past and Present, 45 (1969), 90–116.
37. Kathleen Colquhoun, ‘“Issue of the Late Civil Wars”: James, Duke of York and the Government of Scotland 1679–1689’, unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (1993), p. 117; APS, VIII, 231–3; D. W. Hayton, ed., The House of Commons 1690–1715 (5 vols., Cambridge, 2002), I, 141–5; Robert S. Rait, The Parliaments of Scotland (Glasgow, 1924), esp. pp. 6–7, 11–15, 165–6, 210–13, 232–3, 265–8, 272, 275; William Ferguson, ‘The Electoral System in the Scottish Counties before 1832’, Miscellany II, ed. David Sellar, Stair Society, 35 (1984), pp. 261–94.
38. Rait, Parliaments of Scotland, pp. 8, 364, 368, 370–71, 380–84; An Account of the Affairs of Scotland, In Relation to their Religious and Civil Rights (1690), pp. 4–6; John R. Young, ‘The Scottish Parliament and the Covenanting Heritage of Constitutional Reform’, in Allan I. MacInnes and Jane Ohlmeyer, eds., The Stuart Kingdoms in the Seventeenth Century: Awkward Neighbours (Dublin, 2002), p. 227.
39. English Historical Documents 1042–1189, ed. David C. Douglas and George W. Greenaway (2nd edn, 1981), pp. 828–30; Sir Richard Cox, Hibernia Anglicana: Or, The History of Ireland from the Conquest thereof by the English to this Present Time… In Two Parts (2nd edn, 1692), I, 2–4.
40. The Statutes at Large, Passed in the Parliaments held in Ireland… A.D. 1310 to… A.D. 1800 (21 vols., Dublin, 1786–1804), I, 176.
41. John Morrill, ‘The British Problem, c. 1534–1707’, in Bradshaw and Morrill, eds., British Problem, pp. 12–13.
42. Statutes at Large, I, 44, 246–7; D. B. Quinn, ‘The Early Interpretation of Poynings’ Law’, Irish Historical Studies, 2 (1941), 241–54; R. D. Edwards and T. W. Morley, ‘The History of Poynings’ Law: Part I, 1494–1615’, Irish Historical Studies, 2 (1941), 415–24.
43. J. G. Swift MacNeill, The Constitutional and Parliamentary History of Ireland till the Union (1917), pp. 30–36; T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin, F. J. Byrne and Art Cosgrove, eds., A New History of Ireland (9 vols., Oxford, 1976–84), IX, map 50.
44. J. L. McCracken, ‘The Political Structure, 1714–60’, Moody et al., eds., New History of Ireland, IV, 72–4.
45. Swift MacNeill, Constitutional and Parliamentary History, pp. 1–14 (quotes on pp. 3–4, 8); The Correspondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and of His Brother Laurence Hyde; With the Diary of Lord Clarendon from 1687 to 1690, ed. Samuel Weller Singer (2 vols., 1828), 1, 183–5.
46. Clarendon Correspondence, I, 185.
47. Charles O'Kelly, Macariae Excidium, Or, The Destruction of Cypress; Being a Secret History of the War of the Revolution in Ireland, ed. John Cornelius O'Callaghan (Dublin, 1850), p. 8; Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, 1.
48. Breandán Ó Buachalla, ‘James our True King: The Ideology of Irish Royalism in the Seventeenth Century’, in D. George Boyce, Robert Eccleshall and Vincent Geoghegan, eds., Political Thought of Ireland since the Seventeenth Century (1993), pp. 36–72; Brendan Fitzpatrick, Seventeenth-Century Ireland: The War of Religions (Dublin, 1988).
49. R. A. Houston, The Population History of Britain and Ireland, 1500–1750 (Cambridge, 1995), p. 16. Revised techniques of historical demography have revised upward the figures presented in E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield, The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A Reconstruction (1981). See Jim Oeppen, ‘Back Projection and Inverse Projection: Members of a Wider Class of Constrained Projection Models’, Population Studies, 47 (1993), 245–67.
50. Geraint H. Jenkins, The Foundations of Modern Wales: Wales 1642–1780 (Oxford, 1987), p. 88.
51. John Miller, Popery and Politics in England, 1660–1688 (Cambridge, 1973), pp. 11–13, 23–4; Tim Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts (1993), pp. 12–13.
52. Anne Whiteman, ed., The Compton Census of 1676 (1986); Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts, pp. 9–12 (and references cited therein).
53. Houston, Population History, p. 17.
54. Bob Harris, ‘“A Great Palladium of our Liberties”: The British Press and the ‘Forty-Five’, Historical Research, 165 (1995), 76; Edinburgh University Library, La. III. 350, no. 134; [Alexander Monro], The History of Scotch-Presbytery (1692), p. 30; Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837 (New Haven, 1992), p. 15; David Stevenson, ‘The English Devil of Keeping State: Elite Manners and the Downfall of Charles I in Scotland’, in Roger Mason and Norman Macdougall, eds., People and Power in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1992), pp. 141–2.
55. Robert Wodrow, History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, from the Restauration to the Revolution (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1721–2), I, 498.
56. Allan Macinnes, ‘Catholic Recusancy and the Penal Laws, 1603–1707’, Records of the Scottish Church History Society, 23 (1987), p. 35; Donald Maclean, ‘Roman Catholicism in Scotland in the Reign of Charles II’, ibid., 3 (1929), 47. J. Darragh, ‘The Catholic Population of Scotland since the year 1680’, Innes Review, 4 (1953), PP. 52, 58, suggests the figure was nearer 5 per cent if we include covert Catholics, church papists and Catholic converts under James II, although his data are far from convincing.
57. B. Cowan, The Scottish Covenanters 1660–88 (1976), ch. 3; Elizabeth Hyman, ‘A Church Militant: Scotland, 1661–1690’, Sixteenth Century Journal, 26 (1995), 49–74.
58. Categories are adapted from Michael Perceval-Maxwell, The Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 (Montreal, 1994), pp. 8–9, incorporating the dramatic rise in Protestant dissent since the 1640s, for which see Phil Kilroy, Protestant Dissent and Controversy in Ireland, 1660–1714 (Cork, 1994); Richard L. Greaves, God's Other Children: Protestant Nonconformists and the Emergence of Denominational Churches in Ireland, 1660–1700 (Stanford, 1997).
59. T. C. Barnard, ‘Conclusion. Settling and Unsettling Ireland: The Cromwellian and Williamite Revolutions’, in Jane H. Ohlmeyer, ed., Ireland from Independence to Occupation 1641–1660 (Cambridge, 1995), p. 282.
60. L. M. Cullen, ‘Economic Trends, 1660–91’, in Moody et al., eds., New History of Ireland, III, 389; R. Gillespie, ‘Explorers, Exploiters and Entrepreneurs: Early Modern Ireland and its Context, 1500–1700’, in B. J. Graham and L. J. Proudfoot, eds., An Historical Geography of Ireland (1993), pp. 142–3; Raymond Gillespie, ‘The Presbyterian Revolution in Ulster, 1660–1690’, in W. J. Sheils and Dianne Wood, eds., The Churches, Ireland and the Irish, Studies in Church History, 25 (Oxford, 1989), pp. 159–70. In 1672 William Petty estimated that the population of Ireland was about 1.1 million, 800,000 of whom were Roman Catholics, 100,000 Protestants of the Established Church, 100,000 Scottish Presbyterians, and 100,000 other Protestant dissenters. Although he underestimated the size of the population, his figures give an approximate idea of the balance between the religious groups: William Petty, ‘Political Anatomy’, in Charles Henry Hull, ed., The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty (2 vols., Cambridge, 1899), I, 149.
61. Richard L. Greaves, ‘“That's No Good Religion that Disturbs Government”: The Church of Ireland and the Nonconformist Challenge’, in Alan Ford, James McGuire and Kenneth Milne, eds., As By Law Established: The Church of Ireland since the Reformation (Dublin, 1995), p. 120.
62. John Gillingham, ‘Images of Ireland 1170–1600: The Origins of English Imperialism’, History Today, 37 (Feb. 1987), 16–22.
63. The Rawdon Papers, ed. Rev. Edward Berwick (1819), p. 220; Bodl., MS Clarendon 89, fols. 169, 173.
64. Clarendon Correspondence, I, 373.
65. Cox, Hibernia Anglicana I, quotes on sigs. b2v, f, l, l2v, p. 1. Cf. Liam de Paor, The Peoples of Ireland: From Prehistory to Modern Times (1986), ch. 2.
66. O'Kelly, Macariae Excidium, pp. 8, 28, 173 (n. 10).
67. A Jacobite Narrative of the War in Ireland, ed. J. T. Gilbert (Dublin, 1892; rev. edn with an introduction by J. G. Simms, Shannon, 1971), p. viii.
68. BL, Evelyn Papers, JE A2, fol. 52; Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, F.R.S., ed. Richard Lord Braybrooke (6th edn, 4 vols., 1858), IV, 244.
69. Luttrell, I, 550.
70. BL, Harleian MS 7315, fol. 167.
71. The History of the Late Great Revolution in England and Scotland (1690), preface.
72. Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, ed. W. Dunn Macray (6 vols., Oxford, 1888, 1969), VI, 220; George Hickes, A Sermon Preached at the Cathedral Church of Worcester, On the 29th of May, 1684 (1684), p. 17; Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, ‘Letter Containing a Brief Account of the Transactions in the Kingdom, since 1653’, pp. 2, 3; The Life of James II, ed. J. S. Clarke (2 vols., 1816), I, 381.
73. J. R. Western, Monarchy and Revolution: The English State in the 1680s (1972), p. 1; V. F. Snow, ‘The Concept of Revolution in Seventeenth-Century England’, HJ, 5 (1962), 167–74.
74. BL, MS Stowe 304, fol. 6.
75. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (1690), ed. Peter Laslett (Cambridge, 1960, 1988), Second Treatise, para. 223.
76. Sir George Mackenzie, Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland from the Restoration (Edinburgh, 1821), pp. 5, 113.
77. R[obert] L[awrie], God Save the King (Edinburgh, 1660), p. 10.
78. Burnet, HOT, p. 44.
79. HMC, Egmont, II, 148.
80. Roger L'Estrange, The Observator in Dialogue (3 vols., 1684–7), III, ‘To Posterity’, p. 3.
81. NA, SP8/i, pt 2, fol. 75.
82. John Paterson, Post Nubila Phoebus; Or, A Sermon of Thanksgiving for the Safe and Happy Returne of our Gracious Soveraign (Aberdeen, 1660), p. 6.
83. Lond. Gaz., no. 1713 (17–20 Apr. 1682).
84. Clarendon Correspondence, I, 185.
85. L'Estrange, Observator, III, no. 205, (1 Sep. 1686).
86. Life of James II, 1, 515.
87. NLS, Wod. Qu. XXXVIII, fols. 2, 112v, 115.
88. Hunt. Lib., HA 7, [Sir Edward Abney] to the Earl of Huntingdon, 18 Dec. 1688.
89. An Apology for the Protestants of Ireland (1689), p. 30; H. B., Mephiboseth and Ziba (1689), p. 41; The Melvilles Earls of Melville and the Leslies Earls of Leven, ed. Sir William Fraser (3 vols., Edinburgh, 1890), III, 194; Andrew Hamilton, A True Relation of the Actions of the InniskillingMen (1690), p. i.
90. Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, sig. e2, ‘Transactions since 1653’, p. I.
91. The State Prodigall His Returne, Containing a True State of the Nation. In a Letter to a Friend [1689], pp. 1, 3.
92. The Present Conjuncture in a Dialogue between a Church-Man and a Dissenter (1689), p. 3.
93. Leicestershire RO, DG7, Scot. 3.
94. Jonathan Scott, Algernon Sidney and the Restoration Crisis, 1677–1683 (Cambridge, 1991).
95. Jonathan Scott, England's Troubles: Seventeenth-Century English Political Stability in European Context (Cambridge, 2000).
1. Mercurius Reformatus, 2, no. 23, (14 May 1690).
2. Diurnal of Thomas Rugg, p. 84.
3. Centre for Kentish Studies, U275/A3, p. 14.
4. Jacobite Narrative, p. 1.
5. LJ, XI, 7.
6. All Souls College Library, Oxford, MS 169, pp. 236–7; CSPD, 1677–8, p. 279.
7. Anne Wentworth, The Revelation of Jesus Christ (1679), p. 5.
8. Anne Wentworth, A Vindication (1677), p. 2.
9. NA, SP 8/1, pt 2, fol. 75.
10. Burnet, HOT, p. 61.
11. For the view that Charles I was unfit to be king, see Russell, Causes, p. 207.
12. SR, V, 179.
13. Ibid., pp. 226–34.
14. CSPD, 1660–61, pp. 408, 506.
15. Useful general accounts of the Restoration settlement are Ronald Hutton, The Restoration: A Political and Religious History of England and Wales, 1658–1667 (Oxford, 1985); Paul Seaward, The Cavalier Parliament and the Reconstruction of the Old Regime, 1661–1667 (Cambridge, 1989); N. H. Keeble, The Restoration: England in the 1660s (Oxford, 2002).
16. CSPD, 1660–61, p. 109.
17. Ibid., p. 59.
18. Ibid., pp. 37, 39.
19. Middlesex County Records, ed. J. C. Jeaffreson (4 vols., 1888–92), III, 303, 304, 306.
20. Depositions from the Castle of York, ed. James Raine, Jr, Surtees Society, 40 (Durham, 1861), pp. 83–4.
21. See, for example, CSPD, 1660–61, p. 5; Henry Townshend, Diary, ed. J. W. Willis Bund (2 vols., 1920), I, 40; Records of the Borough of Leicester… 1603–88, ed. Helen Stocks (Cambridge, 1923), p. 465.
22. For the survival of radicalism after the Restoration, see Christopher Hill, The Experience of Defeat: Milton and Some Contemporaries (1984), and Richard L. Greaves's Deliver Us from Evil: The Radical Underground in Britain, 1660–1663 (Oxford, 1986), Enemies under His Feet: Radicals and Nonconformists in Britain, 1664–1677 (Stanford, 1990), and Secrets of the Kingdom: British Radicals from the Popish Plot to the Revolution of 1688–89 (Stanford, 1992).
23. Alan Marshall, Intelligence and Espionage in the Reign of Charles II, 1660–1685 (Cambridge, 1994); Tim Harris, ‘The Bawdy House Riots of 1668’, HJ, 29 (1986), 537–56.
24. Particularly illuminating in this respect is the work of Gary S. De Krey: ‘London Radicals and Revolutionary Politics, 1675 – 1683’, in Harris et al., eds., The Politics of Religion, pp. 133–62; ‘The London Whigs and the Exclusion Crisis Reconsidered’, in Lee Beier, David Cannadine and James Rosenheim, eds., The First Modern Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 457–82; ‘The First Restoration Crisis: Conscience and Coercion in London, 1667–73’, Albion, 25 (fall 1993), 565–80; ‘Rethinking the Restoration: Dissenting Cases for Conscience, 1667–1672’, HJ, 38 (1995), 53–83; ‘Reformation in the Restoration Crisis, 1679–82’, in Donna B. Hamilton and Richard Strier, eds., Religion, Literature and Politics in Post-Reformation England, 1540–1688 (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 231–52; ‘Radicals, Reformers, and Republicans: Academic Language and Political Discourse in Restoration London’, in Houston and Pincus, eds., Nation Transformed, pp. 71–99.
25. Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts, pp. 356.
26. SR, V, 237.
27. Diurnal of Thomas Rugg, p. 41; H[enry] J[essey], The Lord's Loud Call to England (1660), pp. 4, 15–16; Michael R. Watts, The Dissenters: From the Restoration to the French Revolution (Oxford, 1978), p. 215; Barry Reay, ‘The Quakers, 1659, and the Restoration of Monarchy’, History, 63 (1978), 193–213; Tim Harris, London Crowds in the Reign of Charles II (Cambridge, 1987), pp. 52–5.
28. BL, Add. MSS 10, 116, fols. 208v, 224, 247–9; Steele, I, no. 3306; Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts, pp. 42–4 (and references cited therein).
29. The Remonstrance of the Apprentices in and about London (1659).
30. SR, V, 321–3, 364–70, 350–51, 516–20, 575, 648–51.
31. Ibid., IV, 841–3.
32. Ibid., V, 782–5, 894–6.
33. M. Green, The Re-establishment of the Church of England, 1660–1663 (Oxford, 1978).
34. Seaward, Cavalier Parliament, p. 193.
35. See above, pp. 28–9.
36. SR, V, 648–51.
37. Cited in Paul Seaward, The Restoration 1660–1688 (1991), p. 14.
38. [Earl of Shaftesbury and John Locke], A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend in the Country (1675), pp. 1–2; Andrew Marvell, An Account of the Growth of Popery and Arbitrary Government in England (Amsterdam, 1677).
39. A useful survey is James Daly, ‘The Idea of Absolute Monarchy in Seventeenth-Century England’, HJ, 21 (1978), 227–50.
40. Sir Philip Warwick, A Discourse of Government… Written in the Year 1678 (1694), pp. 50, 65.
41. Ibid., p. 41.
42. [Marchamont Needham], A Pacquet of Advices and Animadversions, Sent from London to the Men of Shaftesbury (1676), p. 43.
43. Sir John Dalrymple, Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland; From the Dissolution of the Last Parliament of Charles II till the Capture of the French and Spanish Fleets at Vigo. A New Edition, in Three Volumes; With the Appendices Complete (1790), I, ‘Review’, pp. 190, 193.
44. SR, V, 308–9, 358–64.
45. Ibid., pp. 321–3, 364–70.
46. Ibid., p. 308.
47. Ibid., pp. 428–33.
48. Francis Gregory, David's Returne from His Banishment (Oxford, 1660), p. 12; Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts, pp. 36, 58; Mark Goldie, ‘John Locke and Anglican Royalism’, Political Studies, 31 (1983), 61–85.
49. ST, V, 989, 1030.
50. C. D. Chandaman, The English Public Revenue 1660–1688 (Oxford, 1975); Lionel K. J. Glassey, ‘Politics, Finance and Government’, in Lionel K. J. Glassey, ed., Reigns of Charles II and James VII and II (Basingstoke, 1997), pp. 36–70.
51. Kishlansky, Parliamentary Selection.
52. SR, V, 306.
53. Andrew Swatland, The House of Lords in the Reign of Charles II (Cambridge, 1996), p. 29.
54. Ibid., ch. 6.
55. LJ, XI, 248; Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts, pp. 36–7; Seaward, Cavalier Parliament, pp. 17–18; David L. Smith, Constitutional Royalism and the Search for Settlement, c. 1640–1649 (Cambridge, 1994), ch. 9.
56. Kenyon, The Stuart Constitution (2nd edn, 1986), pp. 391–2; A. F. Havighurst, ‘The Judiciary and Politics in the Reign of Charles II’, Law Quarterly Review, 66 (1950), 62–78, 229–52.
57. ST, VI, 999–1026.
58. Sir William Searle Holdsworth, A History of English Law (17 vols., 1922–72), VI, 217–23; Paul Birdsall, ‘“Non Obstante”: A Study of the Dispensing Power of English Kings’, in Carl Frederick Wittke, ed., Essays in History and Political Theory in Honor of Charles Howard Mcllwain (Cambridge, Mass., 1936), pp. 37–76; Carolyn A. Edie, ‘Tactics and Strategies: Parliament's Attack on the Royal Dispensing Power, 1597–1689’, American Journal of Legal History, 29 (1985), 197–234; Alan Cromartie, Sir Matthew Hale, 1609–1676: Law, Religion, and Natural Philosophy (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 126–31.
59. Speck, Reluctant Revolutionaries, pp. 150–51.
60. Parl. Hist., IV, 262.
61. [Shaftesbury and Locke], Letter from a Person of Quality, p. 4. See also NA, SP 30/24/30, no. 49, for a paper reflecting Shaftesbury's views on the royal supremacy and the dispensing power.
62. CJ, IX, 251; Parl. Hist., IV, 526.
63. LJ, XII, 540, 549.
64. Parl. Hist., IV, 665; John Childs, The Army of Charles II (1976).
65. See below, pp. 174–5. For the anti-standing-army controversy, see Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘No Standing Armies!’: The Anti-Army Ideology in Seventeenth-Century England (Baltimore, 1974), esp. ch. 6.
66. Childs, Army of Charles II, p. 70.
67. Harris, ‘Bawdy House Riots’.
68. Richard M. Dunn, ‘The London Weavers’ Riot of 1675’, Guildhall Studies in London History, 1, no. 1 (Oct. 1973), 13–23; Harris, London Crowds, pp. 191–204.
69. Victor Stater, Noble Government: The Stuart Lord Lieutenancy and the Transformation of English Politics (Athens, Ga., 1994), ch. 3.
70. Anthony Fletcher, Reform in the Provinces: The Government of Stuart England (New Haven, 1986), pp. 21–2; Lionel K. J. Glassey, Politics and the Appointment of Justices of the Peace 1675–1720 (Oxford, 1979), pp. 32–8.
71. Paul D. Halliday, Dismembering the Body Politic: Partisan Politics in England's Towns, 1650–1730 (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 85–124.
72. Michael J. Braddick, ‘State Formation and Social Change in Early Modern England’, Social History, 16 (1991), 1–17. See also Michael J. Braddick, State Formation in Early Modern England, c. 1550–1700 (Cambridge, 2000), esp. pt 1.
73. Thomas P. Slaughter, ed., Ideology and Politics on the Eve of Restoration: Newcastle's Advice to Charles II (Philadelphia, 1984), p. 45. See also Conal Condren, ‘Casuistry to Newcastle: The Prince in the World of the Book’, in Nicholas Phillipson and Quentin Skinner, eds., Political Discourse in Early Modern Britain (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 164–86.
74. Evelyn, Diary, III, 246; The Diary of Samuel Pepys, ed. R. C. Latham and W. Mathews (II vols., 1970–83), I, 163; Mercurius Publicus, no. 22 (24–31 May 1660); HMC, 5th Report, pp. 167–8, 184, 199; Diurnal of Thomas Rugg, pp. 88–91.
75. SR, V, 237; Kingdomes Intelligencer, nos. 22 (27 May-3 Jun. 1661), p. 351, and 23 (3–10 Jun. 1661), pp. 353–5; BL, Add. MSS 10, 116, fol. 204; Ronald Hutton, The Rise and Fall of Merry England (Oxford, 1994), pp. 249–51.
76. Rawdon Papers, p. 201; Pepys, Diary, ed. Latham and Matthews, II, 81–8; John Ogilby, The Entertainment of His Most Excellent Majestie Charles II, in His Passage through the City of London to His Coronation (1662); Eric Halfpenny, ‘“The Citie's Loyalty Display'd“: A Literary and Documentary Causerie of Charles II's Coronation “Entertainment”’, Guildhall Miscellany, 1, no. 10 (Sep. 1959), 19–35; Gerard Reedy, ‘Mystical Politics: The Imagery of Charles II's Coronation’, in P. J. Korshin, ed., Studies in Change and Revolution: Aspects of English Intellectual History, 1640–1800 (Menston, 1972), pp. 20–42; Paula Backscheider, Spectacular Politics: Theatrical Power and Mass Culture in Early Modern England (Baltimore, 1993), ch. 1.
77. G. E. Aylmer, The Crown's Servants: Government and Civil Service under Charles II, 1660–685 (Oxford, 2002), pp. 247–8
78. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 141 (13 Apr. 1682).
79. Burnet, HOT, p. 207.
80. Maureen Bell and John Barnard, ‘Provisional Count of Wing Titles 1641–1700’, Publishing History, 44 (1998), 90–91; The Cambridge History of the Book in Britain, vol. 4: 1557–1695, ed. John Barnard and D. F. McKenzie (Cambridge, 2002), p. 783; Joad Raymond, Pamphlets and Pamphleteering in Early Modern Britain (Cambridge, 2003), pp. 163–5, 184.
81. John Spurr, England in the 1670s: ‘This Masquerading Age’ (Oxford, 2000), ch. 6.
82. Steele, I, nos. 3622, 3625.
83. Steven C. A. Pincus, Protestantism and Patriotism: Ideologies and the Making of English Foreign Policy, 1650–1668 (Cambridge, 1996); J. R. Jones, The Anglo-Dutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century (1996).
84. Ronald Hutton, ‘The Making of the Secret Treaty of Dover, 1668–70’, HJ, 29 (1986), 297–318; 18; K. H. D. Haley, William of Orange and the English Opposition, 1672–1674 (Oxford, 1953); Steven C. A. Pincus, ‘From Butterboxes to Wooden Shoes: The Shift in English Popular Sentiment from Anti-Dutch to Anti-French in the 1670s', HJ, 38 (1995), 333–61; Steven C. A. Pincus, ‘Republicanism, Absolutism and Universal Monarchy: English Popular Sentiment during the Third Dutch War’, in Gerald MacLean, ed., Culture and Society in the Stuart Restoration (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 241–66; Steven C. A. Pincus, ‘The English Debate over Universal Monarchy’, in John Robertson, e., A Union for Empire: Political Thought and the British Union of 1707 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 37–62.
85. BL, Harleian MS 7317, fol. 68; POAS, I, 424, where the wording is slightly different.
86. Catharine MacLeod and Julia Marciari Alexander, eds., Painted Ladies: Women at the Court of Charles II (New Haven, 2001), pp. 94–6, 98.
87. Ibid., p. 136.
88. Ibid., pp. 166–8.
89. BL, Harleian MS 7317, fol. 68; POAS, I, 424.
90. Spurr, England in the 1670s, p. 204.
91. Bodl., Douce MS 375, fol. 124.
92. BL, Add. MSS 27, 407, fol. 120.
93. Spurr, England in the 1670s, p. 209.
94. BL, Harleian MS 7317, fols. 91–6; Lyme Letters, 1660–1760, ed. Lady Newton (1925), pp. 85–90.
95. John Ayloffe, ‘Britannia and Raleigh’, in POAS, I, 230, 233, 11. 25, 117–20.
96. Miller, Popery and Politics, pp. 55–6, 101, 105–6, 139, 145–8, 163–4; SR, V, 782–5, 894–6.
97. W. A. Speck, James II (2002), pp. 24–5, contains a useful brief discussion of the dating of York's conversion.
98. K. H. D. Haley, The First Earl of Shaftesbury (Oxford, 1968), p. 331.
99. Calendar of State Papers Venetian, 1673–5, p. 168. The shoe had been placed there by the republican lawyer and poet John Ayloffe: Haley, Shaftesbury, p. 626.
100. Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 357–8, 360; LJ, XII, 618.
101. Mark Goldie, ‘Danby, the Bishops and the Whigs’, in Harris et al., eds., Politics of Religion, pp. 82–7.
102. Ellis Hookes, For the King and… Parliament. Being A Brief and General Account of the Late and Present Sufferings of Many of the Peaceable Subjects called Quakers (1675), p. 5.
103. Norman Penney, ed., The First Publishers of Truth, with an introduction by Thomas Hodgkin (1907), p. 313.
104. W. C. Braithwaite, The Second Period of Quakerism (Cambridge, 1961), pp. 107–8.
105. BL, Add. MSS 10,117, fol. 50v.
106. Hookes, Brief and General Account, p. 17.
107. T. W. Davids, Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in the County of Essex (1863), p. 334.
108. Tim Harris, ‘“Lives, Liberties and Estates”: Rhetorics of Liberty in the Reign of Chartes II’, in Harris et al., eds., Politics of Religion, pp. 223–9.
109. The Englishman (1670), p. 9.
110. W. D. Christie, A Life of Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury. 1621–1683 (2 vols., 1871), II, app. 6, lxxvii-lxxx.
111. [Shaftesbury and Locke], Letter from a Person of Quality, p. 1.
112. Keeble, Restoration, pp. 159–60.
113. Thomas Vincent, God's Terrible Voice in the City (5th edn, 1667), pp. 30–31.
114. Keeble, Restoration, pp. 162–4; J. Bedford, London's Burning (1966), pp. 149–76; Harris, London Crowds, p. 79.
115. Richard Kingston, Pillulae Pestilentiales (1665), pp. 37–8, 40.
116. Robert Elborough, London's Calamity by Fire (1666), pp. 10–11.
117. Burnet, HOT, p. 151.
118. Vincent, God's Terrible Voice.
119. ‘The History of Insipids’ (1674), in POAS, I, 243–51 (esp. stanzas 1 and 23).
120. Ayloffe, ‘Britannia and Raleigh’, p. 235, ll. 156–7.
121. Ibid., p. 234, ll. 141–2, 153.
122. ‘A Dialogue between the Two Horses’, in POAS, I, 281, 11. 135–6, 138–40.
123. BL, Harleian MS 7317, fols. 41, 42v.
124. Haley, Shaftesbury, chs. 17–20, passim.
125. Evelyn, Diary, IV, 26; Correspondence of the Hatton Family, 1601–1704, ed. E. M. Thompson (2 vols., 1873), I, 119; Calendar of State Papers Venetian, 1673–5, PP. 85–6; The Burning of the Whore of Babylon (1673).
126. CSPD, 1673–5, pp. 40, 44.
127. The Pope Burnt to Ashes (1676), pp. 2–6; Hatton Correspondence, I, 157; CSPD, 1677–8, p. 446; Miller, Popery and Politics, p. 184; J. R. Jones, ‘The Green Ribbon Club’, Durham University Journal, 49 (1956), 17–20.
128. De Krey, ‘London Radicals’, pp. 138–9; Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 409–10; CSPD, 1676–7, pp. 184, 253–6; ST, VI, 1189–1208 (quote in col. 1190).
129. Samuel Parker, History of His Own Time, trans. Thomas Newlin (1727), pp. 403–4.
130. Marvell, Account, p. 3.
1. [Nicholas French], A Narrative of the Settlement and Sale of Ireland (1668), p. 1.
2.Scottish countryman's saying, time of Charles II, cited in Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 102.
3. This and the following paragraph are based on J. C. Beckett, The Making of Modern Ireland 1603–1923 (1966), ch. 5; R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland, 1600–1972 (1988), ch. 5; Patrick J. Corish, ‘The Cromwellian Regime, 1650–60’, in Moody et al., eds., New History of Ireland, III, 353–86; Aidan Clarke, Prelude to Restoration in Ireland: The End of the Commonwealth, 1659–1660 (Cambridge, 1999), ch. 1.
4. Steele, II, no. 605a.
5. J. I. McGuire, ‘The Dublin Convention, the Protestant Community and the Emergence of an Ecclesiastical Settlement in 1660’, in Art Cosgrove and J. I. McGuire, eds., Parliament and Community (Belfast, 1983), pp. 121–46; Godfrey Davies, The Restoration of Charles II, 1658–60 (San Marino, Cal., 1955), ch. 13; Clarke, Prelude to Restoration.
6. BL, Add. MSS 28, 085, fol. 217.
7. Christie, Life of… Shaftesbury, I, 210.
8. Cambridge University Library, Add. MS 1, fol. 2; Parliamentary Intelligencer, no. 22 (21–8 May 1660), 337–40; Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., IV, 188–9, 572–3; Steele, II, no. 615.
9. Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, ‘Transactions since 1653’, p. 3.
10. NLI, MS 2992/8; Clarke, Prelude to Restoration, pp. 293–4.
11. TCD, MS 808, fol. 156; McGuire, ‘Dublin Convention’; Clarke, Prelude to Restoration, chs. 7, 8; Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., IV, 185–6.
12. Kingdomes Intelligencer, no. 7 (11–18 Feb. 1660[/61]), pp. 97–101; James McGuire, ‘Policy and Patronage: The Appointment of Bishops 1660–61’, in Ford et al., eds., As by Law Established, pp. 112–19.
13. Steele, II, nos. 628, 644, 646a.
14. Patrick Adair, A True Narrative of the Rise and Progress of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland (1623–1670), with an introduction and notes by W. D. Killen (Belfast, 1866), pp. 255, 262–3; McGuire, ‘Dublin Convention’, p. 138; Kilroy, Protestant Dissent, pp. 39–40, 226–8; James Seaton Reid, History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland (3 vols., Belfast, 1867), II, 255–6.
15. TCD, MS 1038, fol. 73.
16. Statutes at Large, III, 139–50 (quote on p. 142); [Edward Wetenhall], The Case of the Irish Protestants (1691), pp. 2–3.
17. Statutes at Large, I, 275–90.
18. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., IV, xxiii, 400, 425, 527–8; Council Books of the Corporation of Waterford 1662–1700, ed. Seamus Pender (Dublin, 1964), pp. 2–3, 7, 8, 13–14, 16–18, 34–5, 41; Leicestershire RO, DG7, Ire 10, fol. 1; J. Hill, From Patriots to Unionists (Dublin, 1997), pp. 33–4.
19. Steele, II, no. 620; Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, ‘Transactions since 1653’, p. 3.
20. Jacobite Narrative, pp. 4, 9; [French], Settlement and Sale, pp. 2–4; [Nicholas French], The Unkinde Desertor (1676), pp. 421–2.
21. Statutes at Large, II, 245–63.
22. [French], Settlement and Sale, pp. 6–7.
23. Jacobite Narrative, pp. 57–8; [French], Settlement and Sale, p. 7; Kingdomes Intelligencer, no. 21 (20–27 May 1661), p. 326; BL, Add. MSS 72,885, fol. 62; J. G. Simms, ‘The Restoration, 1660–85’, in Moody et al., eds., New History of Ireland, p. 423.
24. Statutes at Large, II, 239–348.
25. Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, Continuation of His Life (Oxford, 1759), PP. 123–4; NLI, MS 1453.
26. Statutes at Large, III, 2–137; O'Kelly Macariae Excidium, p. 191, n. 27; Simms, ‘The Restoration’, pp. 422–9; Beckett, Making, pp. 118–21; S. J. Connolly, Religion, Law and Power: The Making of Protestant Ireland, 1660–1760 (Oxford, 1992), pp. 13–15; Karl S. Bottigheimer, ‘The Restoration Land Settlement in Ireland: A Structural View’, Irish Historical Studies, 18 (1972), 1–21; BL, Egerton MS 917, fols. 85–7; L. J. Arnold, ‘The Irish Court of Claims of 1663’, Irish Historical Studies, 24 (1984–5), 417–30.
27. Jacobite Narrative, p. 35.
28. [French], Settlement and Sale, pp. 18, 24. French repeated his attack on the land settlement in the mid-1670s: The Bleeding Iphigenia (1675); Unkinde Desertor (1676). Cf. Jacobite Narrative, pp. 19–21, 25–8.
29. The Poems of David Ó Bruadair, ed. and trans. Rev. John C. MacErlean (3 vols., 1910–17), III, 17, 23.
30. Kingdomes Intelligencer, no. 18 (29 Apr.–6 May 1661), p. 268; Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., IV, 208–9; The Council Book of the Corporation of Kinsale, from 1652 to 1800, ed. Richard Caulfield (Guildford, 1879), p. 62.
31. Statutes at Large, II, 237–8.
32. See, for example: Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., IV, 419; ibid., V, 25, 139; Council Books of Waterford, pp. 42, 46; The Council Book of the Corporation of Youghall, from 1610… to 1800, ed. Richard Caulfield (Guildford, 1878), pp. 326, 334–5, 338, 346.
33. Statutes at Large, II, 526–28; T. C. Barnard, ‘The Uses of 23 October and Irish Protestant Celebrations’, English Historical Review, 106 (1991), 889–920. For examples of the commemoration, see Council Book of Youghall, pp. 352, 355; T. C. Barnard, ‘Athlone, 1685; Limerick, 1710: Religious Riots or Charivaris?’, Studia Hibernica, 27 (1993), 61–75.
34. SR, V, 410.
35. C. A. Edie. ‘The Irish Cattle Bills: A Study in Restoration Politics’, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, NS, 60, pt 2 (1970); SR, V, 451, 597, 641–2.
36. Cambridge University Library, Add. MS 1, fol. 1.
37. TCD, MS 1180, p. 17.
38. BL, Add. MSS 21,135, fol. 37.
39. Beckett, Making, pp. 128–9, 131; Simms, ‘The Restoration’, pp. 443–4.
40. A Letter from a Gentleman in Ireland To his Brother in England, Relating to the Concerns of Ireland in Matter of Trade (1677), pp. 8, 21.
41. TCD, MS 844, fols. 223–4; Greaves, Deliver Us from Evil, pp. 140–50.
42. CSPD, 1664–5, PP. 149, 544.
43. Greaves, ‘That's No Good Religion’, pp. 125–6; Greaves, Enemies, pp. 24–31.
44. TCD, MS 844, fol. 223.
45. NLI, MS 4908, fols. 3v, 4, 7, 14, 31V.
46. Cambridge University Library, Add. MS 4, fol. 42; Add. MS 1, fol. 1.
47. Clement E. Pike, ‘The Origin of the Regium Donum’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 3rd series, 3 (1909), 255–69; Greaves, ‘That's No Good Religion’; Kilroy, Protestant Dissent, esp. chs. 1, 8; Raymond Gillespie, ‘Dissenters and Nonconformists, 1661–1700, in K. Herlihy, ed., The Irish Dissenting Tradition 1650–1750 (Dublin, c. 1995), pp. 11–28; Simms, ‘The Restoration’, p. 437.
48. [Luke Plunkett, Earl of Fingall], To the King's Most Excellent Majesty, The Faithful Protestation and Humble Remonstrance of the Roman Catholic Nobility and Gentry of Ireland [1662?]; Peter Walsh, The History and Vindication of the Loyal Formulary, or Irish Remonstrance (1674), p. ii; Clarendon, Continuation of His Life, pp. 200–203; Jane Ohlmeyer, ‘Introduction: For God, King, or Country? Political Thought and Culture in Seventeenth-Century Ireland’, in Jane Ohlmeyer, ed., Political Thought in Seventeenth-Century Ireland: Kingdom or Colony (Cambridge, 2000), p. 26; Simms, ‘The Restoration’, pp. 429–30; Connolly, Religion, pp. 19–21.
49. [French], Settlement and Sale, pp. 25–7.
50. Steele, II, nos. 821, 828–31a; CSPD, 1671–2, p. 185; Essex Papers, ed. Osmund Airy, vol. 1: 1672–1679, Camden Society, NS, 47 (1890), 30–31; Statutes at Large, III, 205–39; Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., I, 56–67, and V, v–xii, 548–54, 562–5; Council Book of Kinsale, p. 126; Leicestershire RO, DG7, Ire 10, fol. 6; Hill, From Patriots to Unionists, pp. 49–55.
51. TCD, MS 844, fols. 229, 231; Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, ‘Transactions since 1653’, pp. 11–12; BL, Add. MSS 28,085, fols. 17–19.
52. BL, Add. MSS 28,053, fols. 49v–51.
53. LJ, XII, 451; Parl. Hist., IV, 477–8.
54. Parl. Hist., IV, 579–81.
55. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, 164; Council Books of Waterford, pp. 174–7; Council Book of Kinsale, p. 157.
56. Leicestershire RO, DG7, Ire 13, Earl of Conway to Lord Finch, 7 Sep. 1678; BL MS Stowe 746, fols. 1–2; NLI, MS 8171.
57. Cox, Hibernia Anglicana, II, ‘Transactions since 1653’, pp. 7–8; Council Book of Kinsale, p. li; NLI, MS 4908, fol. 60v.
58. Christie, Life of… Shaftesbury, II, 192.
59. Hunt. Lib., HA 15394, information of John Moyre, 27 Dec. 1676.
60. An Apology for the Protestants of Ireland (1689), pp. 2–3.
61. Julia Buckroyd, Church and State in Scotland, 1660–1681 (Edinburgh, 1980), ch. 2.
62. Earl of Balcarres, An Account of the Affairs of Scotland (1714), p. 7. Cf. Jackson, Restoration Scotland, pp. 14–15.
63. Diurnal of Thomas Rugg, pp. 95–6; Steele, III, no. 2171; The Diary of Sir Archibald Johnston of Wariston, vol. 3: 1655–1660, ed. James D. Ogilvie (Edinburgh, 1940), p. 182; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 5–6; John Nicoll, A Diary of Public Transactions… from January 1650 to June 1667 (Edinburgh, 1836), pp. 283–4, 292–4.
64. J[ames] R[amsey], Moses Returned from Midion (Edinburgh, 1660), pp. 10–11. See also L[awrie], God Save the King; Matthias Symson, Mephiboseth: Or, The Lively Picture of a Loyal Subject (Edinburgh, 1660).
65. Michael Lynch, Scotland: A New History (1991), p. 287.
66. APS, VII, 8–9; Kingdomes Intelligencer, no. 4 (21–28 Jan. 1661), p. 55. Each estate was able to choose twelve representatives. For the act of 1640, see APS, V, 290–91.
67. For the Restoration settlement in Scotland, see in particular Buckroyd, Church and State, chs. 3, 4; Julia Buckroyd, ‘Bridging the Gap: Scotland, 1659–1660’, Scottish Historical Review, 66 (1987), 1–25; Buckroyd, ‘Anticlericalism in Scotland during the Restoration’, in Norman MacDougall, ed., Church, Politics and Society: Scotland 1408–1929 (Edinburgh, 1983), pp. 167–85; Cowan, Covenanters, ch. 2; Jackson, Restoration Scotland, ch. 5.
68. APS, VII, 7; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 22–3 and app. 1, no. 10, p. 11; Mackenzie, Memoirs, p. 23; Buckroyd, Church and State, p. 29.
69. APS, VII, 10–11.
70. Ibid., pp. 12–13.
71. Ibid., p. 16.
72. Ibid., p. 86–8.
73. Mackenzie, Memoirs, pp. 27–9. Cf. Jackson, Restoration Scotland, pp. 77–8.
74. Rev. James Kirkton, The Secret and True History of the Church of Scotland from the Restoration to the Year 1678 (Edinburgh, 1817), p. 94.
75. [Alexander Shields], The Hind Let Loose (Edinburgh, 1687), p. 107. Cf. [Sir James Stewart and John Stirling], Naphtali, Or the Wrestlings of the Church of Scotland for the Kingdom of Christ ([Edinburgh], 1667, rev. edn 1680), p. 175; [Gilbert Rule], A Vindication of the Presbyterians in Scotland (1692), p. 6; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 21.
76. Diurnal of Thomas Rugg, pp. 179–80; Kingdomes Intelligencer, no. 18 (29 Apr.–6 May 1661), pp. 270–71; Nicoll, Diary, p. 327; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 106.
77. APS, VII, 199–200; Kingdomes Intelligencer, no. 21 (20–27 May 1661), pp. 327, 333–5, and no. 24 (10–17 Jun. 1661, 364–5; BL, Add. MSS 10,116, fol. 213; [Stewart and Stirling], Naphtali, p. 154; Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 105–8; Nicoll, Diary, pp. 332–3, 335; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 106; C. A. Whatley, ‘Royal Day, People's Day: The Monarch's Birthday in Scotland c. 1660–1860’, in Mason and Macdougall, eds., People and Power, pp. 173, 176.
78. Nicoll, Diary, pp. 306, 374–5, 449, 451; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 17, 107; BL, Add. MSS 10,117, fol. 41v; R. A. Houston, Social Change in the Age of Enlightenment: Edinburgh, 1660–1760 (Oxford, 1994), p. 48; RPCS, 1661–4, PP. 15, 62–3.
79. ST, V, 1370–1516; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 42–71, 77–8, 172–5 and app. 1, nos. 21–2, pp. 30–47; NLS, MS 14,493, fol. 4; Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 69–70.
80. APS, VII, 415–16, 420–29; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 121–2; Cowan, Covenanters, p. 55; Keith M. Brown, Kingdom or Province? Scotland and the Regal Union, 1603–1715 (1992), pp. 145–6.
81. APS, VII, 78, 88–95.
82. Ibid., pp. 503–4.
83. All Souls College Library, Oxford, MS 255, fol. 104; Gordon Donaldson, Scotland: James V to James VII (Edinburgh, 1965), pp. 287–8.
84. SR, V, 246–50.
85. Nicoll, Diary, p. 430; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 220; William Ferguson, Scotland's Relations with England: A Survey to 1707 (Edinburgh, 1977), pp. 153–4.
86. APS, VII, 78, 88–95, 503–4, 529–35, 540–47.
87. Childs, Army of Charles II, pp. 196–7.
88. APS, VII, 480–81; Nicoll, Diary, p. 399.
89. Brown, Kingdom or Province?, p. 145; Allan Macinnes, ‘Repression and Conciliation: The Highland Dimension 1660–1688’, Scottish Historical Review, 65 (1986), 167–95.
90. Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 118–20; NLS, Wod. Oct. XXIX, fol. 20; Kingdomes Intelligencer, no. 19 (6–13 May 1661), pp. 298–301; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 37–41 and app. 1, nos. 15A and 15B, pp. 15–22; Mackenzie, Memoirs, pp. 53–6; Buckroyd, Church and State, p. 44.
91. RPCS, 1661–4, pp 28–9, 30–32; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 96–8, 115; Steele, III, no. 2210.
92. Buckroyd, Church and State, pp. 41–5.
93. APS, VII, 370–71, 372–4, 376–9, 405–6, 449.
94. Cowan, Covenanters, pp. 53–4; Hyman, ‘Church Militant’, p. 55.
95. [John Sage], The Case of the Present Afflicted Clergy of Scotland Truly Represented (1690), preface; BL, Add. MSS 4106, fol. 257.
96. Hunt. Lib., HA 14960, John Hartstonge to Sir James Graham, 7 Nov. 1675.
97. Mackenzie, Memoirs, p. 53; Wariston, Diary, III, 180–81.
98. A Dismal Account of the Burning of Our Solemn League and National Covenant… at Linlithgow, May 29 (1662, reprinted Edinburgh, 1832), reproduced in Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 151–2; BL, Add. MSS 10,117, fols. 31–2; Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 126–7; Robert Chambers, Domestic Annals of Scotland, vol. 2: From the Reformation to the Revolution (2nd edn, Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 291–2; James King Hewison, The Covenanters: A History of the Church of Scotland from the Reformation to the Revolution (2 vols., 1908), II, 105.
99. Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 161–3; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 177–82; Cowan, Covenanters, pp. 56–7.
100. Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 180–91; Lauderdale Papers, ed. Osmund Airy, Camden Society, NS, 34, 63, 38 (3 vols., 1884–5), II, 207; Burnet, HOT, p. 166; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 157; [Stewart and Stirling], Naphtali, p. 181.
101. [Sage], Case of the Present Afflicted Clergy, p. 17.
102. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 156.
103. Burnet, HOT, p. 70; Clarendon, History, IV, 320.
104. APS, VII, 455–6.
105. Nicoll, Diary, pp. 408–11; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 191–9; [Stewart and Stirling], Naphtali, pp. 176–7, 184–90; Kirkton, Secret and True History, p. 201; HMC, Laing, I, 360; Buckroyd, Church and State, pp. 55, 58–61, 63–4; Cowan, Covenanters, p. 59. For the act of 1584, see APS, III, 293.
106. Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 199–200, 221–5; [Stewart and Stirling], Naphtali, p. 195; Hewison, Covenanters, II, 187–8; [Rule], Vindication of the Presbyterians, pp. 10–11.
107. A Brief and True Account of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland (1690), p. 2.
108. [John Brown], An Apologeticall Relation of the Sufferings of the Faithfull Ministers of the Church of Scotland since August 1660 (n.p., 1665); BL, Add. MSS 35,125, fol. 130.
109. RPCS, 1665–9, p. 231; BL, Add. MSS 35,125, fol. 145; BL, Add. MSS 10,117, fol. 183; [Shields], Hind Let Loose, p. 109.
110. Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 225–6.
111. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 265; [Stewart and Stirling], Naphtali, p. 226.
112. Hewison, Covenanters, II, 212–13; Cowan, Covenanters, ch. 4; Greaves, Enemies, pp. 64–84.
113. HMC, Laing, I, 359.
114. [Stewart and Stirling], Naphtali; [James Stewart], Jus Populi Vindicatum, Or, The People's Right to Defend Themselves and their Covenanted Religion ([Edinburgh], 1669); Ian Michael Smart, ‘The Political Ideas of the Scottish Covenanters, 1638–88’, History of Political Thought, 1 (1980), 183–7; Robert von Friedeburg, ‘From Collective Representation to the Rights of Individual Defence: James Steuart's Ius Populi Vindicatum and the use of Johannes Althusius' Politica in Restoration Scotland’, History of European Ideas, 24 (1998), 19–42; Jackson, Restoration Scotland, pp. 70–71, 125.
115. RPCS, 1669–72, pp. 38–40.
116. APS, VII, 372; HMC, Laing, I, 372–3; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 304–5, 307, 313–15; Hewison, Covenanters, II, 227; Lauderdale Papers, II, lxiv–lxvii; Julia Buckroyd, ‘The Dismissal of Archbishop Alexander Burnet, 1669’, Records of the Scottish Church History Society, 18 (1973), 149–55.
117. APS, VII, 554–5; NLS, Wod. Qu. XXXVIII, fol. 2; Burnet, HOT, p. 192; Lauderdale Papers, II, 164.
118. RPCS, 1669–72, pp. 61–2; Steele, III, no. 2331.
119. Mackenzie, Memoirs, p. 163; APS, VII, 556–7.
120. APS, VIII, 8–9.
121. APS, VIII, 9–0; [George Rule], A Vindication of the Church of Scotland. Being an Answer to a Paper, Intituled, Some Questions Concerning Episcopal and Presbyterial Government in Scotland (1691), pp. 25–6.
122. APS, VIII, 11–12.
123. RPCS, 1669–72, pp. 586–9; Hyman, ‘Church Militant’, pp. 58–9.
124. APS, VII, 89.
125. HMC, Hamilton, pp. 142, 143, 148 (quote on p. 148).
126. HMC, Laing, I, 400–401.
127. Steele, III, no. 2389; RPCS, 1673–6, pp. 197–200.
128. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 362.
129. RPCS, 1673–6, pp. 425–6, 447; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 391.
130. RPCS, 1676–8, pp. 206–9; Steele, III, no. 2421; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 449–51; HMC, Hamilton, p. 156; Mackenzie, Memoirs, pp. 329–30.
131. RPCS, 1676–8, pp. 300–301; Longleat House, Coventry MSS, XVI, fols. 197, 205; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 454–8 and app. 2, no. 80, pp. 174–5; Hewison, Covenanters, II, 265–6; Sir George Mackenzie, A Vindication of the Government in Scotland, during the Reign of King Charles II (1691), p. 12.
132. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 467; CSPD, 1677–8, p. 593; Lynch, Scotland, p. 294; Paul Hopkins, Glencoe and the End of the Highland War (Edinburgh, 1986), pp. 62–3.
133. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 462–3, 467–9, 471; Hewison, Covenanters, II, 267–8; Ruth Richens, ‘The Stewarts in Underbank: Two Decades in the Life of a Covenanting Family’, Scottish Historical Review, 178 (1985), 108–9.
134. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 478–80, 487–93; Longleat House, Coventry MSS, XVI, fol. 205; Lynch, Scotland, p. 294.
135. NAS, GD 224/171/1, p. 57.
136. NLS, Adv. 31.6.5, fol. 167.
137. RPCS, 1676–8, pp. 347–9; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 472–3.
138. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 499–500.
139. NLS, Wod. Oct. XXIX, fol. 105; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 469, 508, 509 and app. 2, nos. 82–3, pp. 176–8. Cf. HMC, Laing, I, 415.
140. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 508; NLS, Wod. Qu. XXX, fol. 50.
141. RPCS, 1676–8, pp. 413–14.
142. BL, Add. MSS 28,053, fol. 120; RPCS, 1676–8, p. 467.
143. RPCS, 1676–8, pp. 425–9. For the fifteenth-century legislation, see APS, II, 19, 35.
144. BL, Add. MSS 32,095, fol. 176. See APS, II, 332, for the 1529 act.
145. HMC, Hamilton, p. 162; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 518, 520–21, 523–6.
146. Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, The Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session from June 6th, 1678, to July 30th, 1713 (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1759–61), I, 13–14; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 521–2; Brief and True Account of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, p. 11.
147. CSPD, 1678, pp 353, 365, 370.
148. APS, III, 36; ibid., VII, 26
149. Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 342, 447
150. CSPD, 1678, p. 232.
151. RPCS, 1676–8, pp. 233–4; Mackenzie, Memoirs, p. 325; Buckroyd, Church and State, p. 127.
152. Parl. Hist., IV, 625–30, 683–8, 699 (quote in col. 684); HMC, Laing, I, 393.
153. NA, SP 30/24/5/291, fols. 276–89 (quote on fol. 276); BL, Add. MSS 4106, fols. 255–64.
154. Longleat House, Coventry MSS, XVI, fol. 201.
155. Buckroyd, Church and State, pp. 72, 112, 117–18.
156. CSPD, 1673–5, P. 289; Leicestershire RO, DG7, Ire 13, Earl of Conway to Lord Finch, 30 Nov. 1674; Hunt. Lib., HA 14528, [Earl of Conway] to Sir George Rawdon, 10 Jul. 1674; Hunt. Lib., HA 14151, Duncan Campbell to Sir James Graham, 14 Jan. 1677[8]; Longleat House, Coventry MSS, XVI, fol. 195.
157. Ferguson, Scotland's Relations with England, pp. 152–7; Jackson, Restoration Scotland, pp. 89–90.
158. Kirkton, Secret and True History, pp. 299–300; Wodrow, Sufferings, I, 309.
159. Mackenzie, Memoirs, pp. 138–9.
1. Life of James II, I, 515.
2. Alan Marshall, The Strange Death of Edmund Godfrey: Plots and Politics in Restoration London (Stroud, 1999), pp. 57–73.
3. The Discovery of the Popish Plot, Being the Several Examinations of Titus Oates (1679); Titus Oates, A True Narrative of the Horrid Plot and Conspiracy of the Popish Party against the Life of His Sacred Majesty (1679). For the plot in general, see J. P. Kenyon, Popish Plot (1972).
4. Marshall, Strange Death.
5. Hutton, Charles II, p. 357
6. Scott, Restoration Crisis, pp. 9–21; Jonathan Scott, ‘Radicalism and Restoration’, HJ, 31 (1988), 459–60; Mark Knights, Politics and Opinion in Crisis, 1678–81 (Cambridge, 1994), esp. pp. 4–5, 350.
7. Miller, Popery and Politics, pp. 154, 170, 188; J. R. Jones, The First Whigs: The Politics of the Exclusion Crisis, 1678–83 (Oxford, 1861), pp. 18, 214.
8. Kenyon, Popish Plot, jacket.
9. Scott, Restoration Crisis; Jones, First Whigs, pp. 13–14.
10. Knights, Politics and Opinion, passim; Scott, Restoration Crisis, pt 1; Haley, Shaftesbury, chs. 21–30.
11. Anthony Wood, Life and Times, 1632–1695, ed. A. Clark (5 vols., Oxford, 1891–1900), III, 42; David Allen, ‘Political Clubs in Restoration London’, HJ, 19 (1976), 561–80; Grant Tapsell, ‘Parliament and Political Division in the Last Years of Charles II, 1681–5’, Parliamentary History, 22 (2003), 259; Harris, London Crowds, p. 100.
12. M. Dorothy George, ‘Elections and Electioneering, 1678–81’, English Historical Review, 45 (1930), 552–78; Douglas R. Lacey, Dissent and Parliamentary Politics in England, 1661–1689 (New Brunswick, 1969), ch. 6.
13. Bell and Barnard, ‘Provisional Count of Wing Titles’, p. 91.
14. Knights, Politics and Opinion, p. 168.
15. For a full publishing history of Exclusion Crisis newspapers, see R. S. Crane and F. B. Kaye, A Census of British Newspapers and Periodicals, 1620–1820 (1927). For general discussions, see James Sutherland, The Restoration Newspaper and its Development (Cambridge, 1986); C. John Sommerville, The News Revolution in England: Cultural Dynamics of Daily Information (Oxford, 1996). For newsletters, see Love, Scribal Publication; Fox, Oral and Literate Culture, pp. 370–79. Care has been the subject of an important recent biography: Lois G. Schwoerer, The Ingenious Mr Henry Care, Restoration Publicist (Baltimore, 2001).
16. ST, VII, 926–60, 1111–30; Timothy J. Crist, ‘Francis Smith and the Opposition Press in England, 1660–1688’, unpub. Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge University (1977) pp. 107–41.
17. Luttrell, I, 34; Bodl., MS Carte 228, fol. 145; CSPD, 1679–80, p. 397.
18. The Snotty Nose Gazette, no. 1 (24 Nov. 1679), cited in Knights, Politics and Opinion, p. 172.
19. Titus Oates, A Sermon Preached at St. Michaels, Wood Street (1679); LC, MS 18,124, VII, fol. 98; Memoirs of the Verney Family, Lady Frances Parthenope Verney, compiler (4 vols., 1892–9), II, 329; Protestant (Domestick) Intelligence, nos. 59 (27 Jan. 1679[/80]), 66 (17 Feb. 1679[/80]), 67 (24 Feb. 1679[/80]); Guildhall Library, MS 5026/1; Loy. Prot. Int., nos. 38 (19 Jul. 1681), 41 (26 Jul. 1681).
20. Susan J. Owen, Restoration Theatre and Crisis (Oxford, 1996); Odai Johnson, Rehearsing the Revolution: Radical Performance, Radical Politics in the English Revolution (Newark, Del., 2000); J. D., The Coronation of Queen Elizabeth (1680).
21. O. W. Furley, ‘The Pope-Burning Processions of the Late Seventeenth Century’, History, 44 (1959), 16–23; Sheila Williams, ‘The Pope-Burning Processions of 1679–81’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 21 (1958), 104–18; Johnson, Rehearsing the Revolution, ch. 2.
22. Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 499, 553; O. W. Furley, ‘The Whig Exclusionists: Pamphlet Literature in the Exclusion Campaign, 1679–81’, Cambridge HJ, 13 (1957), 20–21; Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 162–3; Harris, London Crowds, p. 101.
23. Pepysian Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge, Pepys Miscellanies, VII, pp. 474, 475, 478, 484–5; David Cressy, Bonfires and Bells: National Memory and the Protestant Calendar in Elizabethan and Stuart England (Berkeley, 1989), p. 180.
24. Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Review’, p. 390.
25. All Souls College Library, Oxford, MS 257, no. 98.
26. Longleat House, Coventry MSS, VI, fol. 210.
27. Ibid., fol. 189.
28. CSPD, 1682, p. 456.
29. Ibid., p. 303.
30. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 228 (2 Nov. 1682).
31. See, for example, True Prot. Merc, no. 11 (29 Jan.–1 Feb. 1680[/81]), and above, p. 17.
32. See above, pp. 75–6.
33. HMC, Stuart, VI, 1; Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Review’, p. 257.
34. Haley, Shaftesbury, 472; Anchitell Grey, Debates of the House of Commons from the Year 1667 to the Year 1694 (10 vols., 1763), VI, 148.
35. Parl. Hist., IV, 1035; CJ, IX, 536; FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 704 (11 Nov. 1678), 705 (14 Nov. 1678); HMC, Ormonde, NS, IV, 470; LC, MS 18, 124, VII, fol. 138.
36. CJ, IX, 605; Grey, Debates, VII, 137–51; FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 779 (1 May 1679), 784 (15 May 1679).
37. Reasons for the Indictment of the D. of York [1680]; Morrice, P, 280; Life of James II, I, 666–7; Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 72, 89, 95 (n. 102), 279, 307; Haley, Shaftesbury, p. 580; Roger North, Examen (1740), p. 564; Luttrell, I, 49, 69; Original Papers Containing the Secret History of Great Britain from the Restoration to the Accession of the House of Hannover, ed. James MacPherson (2 vols., 1775), I, 114.
38. Life of James II, I, 620, 622–3, 636–7. For the parliamentary debate over Tangier, and how members linked it with the issue of Exclusion, see Grey, Debates, VIII, 4–21.
39. BL, Add. MSS 4,236, fols. 225, 276.
40. Spurr, England in the 1670s, p. 298.
41. Caroline Robbins, ed., Two English Republican Tracts (Cambridge, 1969), pp. 61–200.
42. Burnet, HOT, p. 303.
43. Bodl. MS Clarendon 87, fol. 334. Cf. Life of James II, I, 635, 670–71.
44. Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Review’ pp. 371, 374–5.
45. Centre for Kentish Studies, U275/A3, p. 42. See also Grey, Debates, VII, 169; William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, Reasons for His Majesty Passing the Bill of Exclusion (1681), p. 5; [Sir William Jones and Algernon Sidney], A Just and Modest Vindication of the Proceedings of the Two Last Parliaments (1681), pp. 30–33.
46. Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, Historical Observes of Memorable Occurents in Church and State from October 1680 to April 1686, ed. David Laing and A. Urquhart (Edinburgh, 1840), p. 100; Lois G. Schwoerer, Lady Rachel Russell: ‘One of the Best of Women’ (Baltimore, 1988), p. 37.
47. A Most Serious Expostulation with Several of my Fellow-Citizens [1679], p. 3.
48. [Elkanah Settle], The Character of a Popish Successour (1681), pp. 8, 9, 14. See also Harris, ‘Lives, Liberties and Estates’.
49 J. S., Popery Display'd in its Proper Colours (1681), p. 4.
50. Grey, Debates, VII, 401, 413.
51. Corporation of London RO, Journal 49, fol. 224; ibid., Rep. 86, fols. 151, 162.
52. England's Calamity, Foreshewn in Germanie's Misery (1680).
53. Sir John Temple, The Irish Rebellion (1646, 2nd edn 1679), p. 5.
54. A Collection of Certain Horrid Murthers in Several Counties of Ireland. Committed since the 23. of Octobr. 1641 (1679), sig. A6.
55. [Edmund Borlase], The History of the Execrable Irish Rebellion (1680), app. pp. 109–25.
56. BL, Sloane MS 1008, fol. 216.
57. [Borlase], History, pp. 311–12.
58. Grey, Debates, VII, 411.
59. NLI, MS 803, fol. 39; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 251.
60. E[dmund] E[verard], The Great Pressure and Grievances of the Protestants in France (1681); The Humble Petition of the Protestants of France to the French-King, To Recall His Declaration for taking their Children from them at the Age of Seven Years (1681); A True and Perfect Relation of the New Invented Way of Persecuting the Protestants in France [1682]; Popery and Tyranny; Or, the Present State of France (1679), pp. 5–6; The Horrible Persecution of the French Protestants in the Province of Poitou (1681), pp. 1–2; The Humble Petition of Protestants of France Lately Presented to His Most Christian Majesty [1681]; Robin Gwynn, Huguenot Heritage: The History and Contribution of the Huguenots in Britain (2nd edn, Brighton, 2001), pp. 26–8, 44; Robin Gwynn, ‘The Arrival of Huguenot Refugees in England 1680–1705’, Proceedings of the Huguenot Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 21 (1965–70), 366–73.
61. Popery and Tyranny, pp. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7.
62. J. S., Popery Display'd, p. 4.
63. Parl. Hist., IV, 1116.
64. [Charles Blount], An Appeal from the Country to the City (1679), p. 2.
65. Knights, Politics and Opinion, p. 211.
66. Isaac Barrow, A Sermon Preached on the Fifth of November, MDCLXXIII [1679], p. 36. Cf. Gilbert Burnet, A Sermon Preached at the Chappel of the Rolls, on the Fifth of November 1684 (1684), pp. 13, 15, 16.
67. FSL, MS V. a. 403, pp. 137–9
68. Grey, Debates, VII, 144, 147, 148, 151, 252, 255, 259. Similar arguments were developed in the debate on the second Exclusion Bill in November 1680: ibid., pp. 412, 452–3, 458–9. For the relevant clause of the Treason Act of 1571, see SR, IV, 527.
69. [Henry Care], English Liberties; Or, The Free-born Subject's Inheritance [1681], pp. 83–4.
70. John Somers, A Brief History of the Succession (1680), p. 13.
71. Parl. Hist., IV, 1189.
72. W. G., The Case of Succession to the Crown (1679), pp. 7, 8.
73. An Impartial Account of the Nature and Tendency of the Late Addresses (1681), p. 20.
74. J. G. A. Pocock, The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law (Cambridge, 1957), ch. 8; C. C. Weston and J. R. Greenberg, Subjects and Sovereigns: The Grand Controversy over Legal Sovereignty in Stuart England (Cambridge, 1081), ch. 7; Mark Goldie, ‘Restoration Political Thought’, in Glassey, ed., Reigns of Charles II and James VII and II, pp. 29–35.
75. [Thomas Hunt], The Great and Weighty Consideration… Considered (1680), pp. 5, 15, 20 (Wing H3751 edn).
76. A Dialogue at Oxford Between a Tutor and a Gentleman (1681), pp. 5, 6.
77. Heraclitus Ridens, no. 18 (31 May 1681).
78. See, for example, [Settle], Character, p. 13; A Letter from a Person of Quality to his Friend, Concerning his Majesty's Late Declaration [1681], p. 8.
79. HMC, Hastings, IV, 303.
80. Julian H. Franklin, John Locke and the Theory of Sovereignty (Cambridge, 1978), pp. 39–49; Mark Goldie, ‘Introduction’, in Mark Goldie, Tim Harris, Mark Knights, John Spurr, Stephen Taylor and Jason McElligott, eds., The Entring Book of Roger Morrice (6 vols., Woodbridge, forthcoming), I.
81. Vox Populi: Or, the People's Claim to their Parliaments Sitting (1681), pp. 2, 13.
82. Impartial Account of… the Late Addresses, pp. 13–15.
83. [Jones and Sidney], Just and Modest Vindication, pp. 2, 29–30, 43–4.
84. [Edmund Hickeringill], Second Part of the History of Whiggism (1682), pp. 36–8, 46.
85. [Samuel Johnson], Julian the Apostate (1682), pp. vii-viii, 73, 78, 83–6, 89.
86. W. G., Case of Succession, p. 13.
87. [Settle], Character, pp. 20, 21–2.
88. A Copy of the Bill Concerning the Duke of York (1679).
89. Grey, Debates, VII, 431–3; CJ, IX, 648; NA 31/3/147 (‘Baschet Transcripts’), fol. 19; Robin Clifton, The Last Popular Rebellion: The Western Rising of 1685 (1984), pp. 131–2; Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 597–8, 634.
90. K.H.D. Haley, ‘Shaftesbury's Lists of the Lay Peers and Members of the Commons 1677–8’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 43 (1970), 88; J. R. Jones, ‘Shaftesbury's “Worthy” Men’, ibid., 30 (1957), 234.
91. Clifton, Last Popular Rebellion, pp. 121–3.
92. This paragraph draws on Clifton, Last Popular Rebellion, ch. 4, and my article on Monmouth in the Oxford DNB.
93. Miller, Popery and Politics, p. 160.
94. WYAS, MX/R/12/112, Thomas Yarburgh to Sir John Reresby, 9 Nov. 1678.
95. Philip Jenkins, ‘Anti-Popery on the Welsh Marches in the Seventeenth Century’, HJ, 23 (1980), 275–93; Todd Galitz, ‘The Challenge of Stability: Religion, Politics, and Social Order in Worcestershire, 1660 to 1720’, unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, Brown University (1997), ch. 4; Newton Key, ‘Comprehension and the Breakdown of Consensus in Restoration Herefordshire’, in Harris et al., eds., Politics of Religion, pp. 191–215; Dan Beaver, ‘CConscience and Context: The Popish Plot and the Politics of Ritual, 1678–1682’, HJ, 34 (1991), 297–327.
96. All Souls College Library, Oxford, MS 169, p. 306.
97. LJ, XIII, 513–15; HMC, Ormonde, NS, V, 69; Harris, London Crowds, p. 111.
98. Reliquiae Baxterianae, ed. Matthew Sylvester (1696), III, 184–5.
99. Berkshire RO, T/F41, fol. 237; East Sussex RO, Rye 1/17, pp. 37–8; Miller, Popery and Politics, pp. 162–9; Galitz, ‘Worcestershire’, pp. 124–7.
100. The Diary of William Lawrence. Covering the Periods between 1662 and 1681, ed. G. E. Aylmer (Beaminster, 1961), p. 37.
101. Jonathan Scott, ‘England's Troubles: Exhuming the Popish Plot’, in Harris et al., eds., Politics of Religion, pp. 115–16; Scott, England's Troubles, esp. pt 1; Pincus, ‘Butterboxes to Wooden Shoes’; Pincus, ‘The English Debate over Universal Monarchy’, pp. 37–62.
102. Lawrence, Diary, pp. 37–9.
103. Centre for Kentish Studies, U275/A3, p. 98.
104. Luttrell, I, 5.
105. Hunt. Lib., HM 30315, no. 199.
106. Somerset RO, DD/SF/3074, Aldred Seaman to Edward Clarke, 21 Dec. 1678.
107. Lawrence, Diary, p. 36; Life of James II, I, 546–7; Somerset RO, DD/SF/3074, Aldred Seaman to Edward Clarke, 5 Apr. 1679.
108. Grey, Debates, VII, 107–8.
109. Johannes Philanglus, England's Alarm (1679), p. 5. For concerns about the economic threat posed by French immigrants, see Harris, London Crowds, pp. 200–204; Daniel Statt, Foreigners and Englishmen: The Controversy over Immigration and Population, 1660–1760 (Newark, Del., 1995), ch. 3.
110. Scott, ‘England's Troubles’, p. 117.
111. All Souls College Library, Oxford, MS 169, p. 311.
112. Hunt. Lib., HA 5967, Earl of Huntingdon to John Gery, 13 Nov. 1679.
113. Longleat House, Coventry MSS, VI, fol. 199.
114. Grey, Debates, VII, 109.
115. Pedro Ronquillo, The Last Memorial of the Spanish Ambassador (1681).
116. Grey, Debates, VII, 258.
117. C. B., An Address to the Honourable City of London, And All Other Cities, Shires and Corporations, Concerning their Choice of a New Parliament (1681), epistle dedicatory.
118. True Prot. Merc., no. 16 (16–19 Feb. 1680[/81]).
119. Parl. Hist., IV, 1116–18.
120. Ibid. 1166–7.
121. Grey, Debates, VII, 188, 194–5, 199; Parl. Hist., IV, 1130; CJ, IX, 614.
122. Some Particular Matter of Fact, relating to the Administration of Affairs in Scotland under the Duke of Lauderdale [1679], pp. 1–4; [William, Duke of Hamilton], Some Farther Matter of Fact Relating to the Administration of Affairs in Scotland Under the Duke of Lauderdale [1679], pp. 1–4; BL, Add. MSS 28,938, fols. 12–13; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 101–5; Burnet, HOT, p. 312.
123. CSPD, 1682, p. 505.
124. [Earl of Shaftesbury], A Speech Lately Made by a Noble Peer of the Realm (1681), p. 5.
125. [Jones and Sidney], Just and Modest Vindication, p. 23.
126. FSL, MSX. d. 195, ‘Quem Natura Negat, Facit Indignatio Versum, Qualum Cunque Potest’.
127. LJ, XIII, 478.
128. Ibid., pp. 488–91. For the proclamations, see Steele, II, nos. 889, 891, 895, 897, 898, 903, 913, 917; HMC, Ormonde, II, 350–59, passim.
129. LJ, XIII, 491, 493, 499, 527–8, 532.
130. Bodl., MS Carte 228, fol. 161.
131. Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 569–99 passim, 617–18, 643–61 passim.
132. Fitzpatrick, Seventeenth-Century Ireland, pp. 236–45.
133. [French], Narrative of the Settlement, p. 27; Connolly, Religion, p. 28; Hunt. Lib., HA 15394, info. of John Moyre, 27 Dec. 1676.
134. Bodl., MS Carte 39, fol. 107; TCD, MS 844, fol. 233.
135. BL., Sloane MS 1008, fol. 197; F. L., Ireland's Sad lamentation (1680[/81]).
136. Parl. Hist., IV, 1166–7; Life of James II, I, 602. See above, pp. 168–9.
137. LJ, XIII, 733; Grey, Debates, VIII, 251–2.
138. True Prot. Merc., no. 7 (15–18 Jan. 1680[/81]); ibid., no. 12 (1–5 Feb., 1680[/81]).
139. Ibid., no. 11 (29 Jan.-1 Feb. 1680[/81]).
140. C. B., Address to the City, epistle dedicatory.
141. [Sir William Petty], The Politician Discovered (1681), ‘The First Discourse’, p. 9.
142. David Ogg, England in the Reign of Charles II (Oxford, 1934), PP. 553–4, 574.
143. Berkshire RO, R/AC1/1/15, p. 181.
144. Grey, Debates, VII, 64–5.
145. Ibid., 67–73; FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 767 (3 Apr. 1679).
146. SR, V, 934; Joyce Lee Malcolm, To Keep and Bear Arms: The Origins of an Anglo-American Right (Cambridge, Mass., 1994), p. 107.
147. Ogg, Charles II, p. 578.
148. Grey, Debates, VII, 19; LJ, XIII, 466, 471; Parl. Hist., IV, 1113–15.
149. Grey, Debates, VII, 25–9; Andrew Browning, Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby and Duke of Leeds, 1632–1712 (3 vols., Glasgow, 1944–51), 1, 300–329.
150. Hunt. Lib., Hastings Parliamentary Box 4, no. 21, ‘Grounds on which a royal pardon may be disputed’.
151. Grey, Debates, VII, 28, 58, 151–4, 175–6, 183.
152. Grey, Debates, VII, 30.
153. Ibid., p. 57.
154. Ibid., pp. 153–4.
155. Ibid., p. 176.
156. Ibid., p. 183.
157. Ibid., p. 181.
158. CJ, IX, 633.
159. Bodl., MS Rawlinson D 924, fol. 248; FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 766 (31 Mar. 1679), 767 (3 Apr. 1679); BL, Add. MSS 61,903, fols. 47–9; Hunt. Lib., EL 8425; Morrice, P, 152. Grey's account of Winnington's speech is in his Debates, VII, 25–9.
160. J. P., A Letter to a Friend in the Country (1679), p. 2–3.
161. LJ, XIII, 475–521, 537–40, 553; Parl. Hist., IV, 1116–21, 1129; Ogg, Charles II, p. 588; Browning, Danby, I, 333–41, 436; Goldie, ‘Danby, the Bishops and the Whigs’.
162. Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 25–8.
163. Impartial Account of… the late Addresses, p. 31.
164. Henry Horwitz, ‘Protestant Reconciliation in the Exclusion Crisis’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 15 (1964), 201–17; Lacey, Dissent, pp. 144–5.
165. Lawrence, Diary, p. 43.
166. The Contents (Hats for Caps) Contented (1680); The Time-Servers; Or, A Touch of the Times (1681).
167. Guildhall Library, Print Room, Playing Cards 238, ‘Knave of Clubs’; BL, Add. MSS 34,362, fol. 107, ‘On the Prorogation’.
168. The Weekly Discoverer Strip'd Naked, no. 2 (23 Feb. 1680[/81]).
169. Omnia Comensta à Bello; Or, An Answer out of the West to a Question out of the North (1679), p. 3.
170. Hunt. Lib., EL 8764, ‘The Magpye, Or the Song against the Bishops’.
171. Bodl., MS Don b. 8, p. 696, ‘The Antiphone to the Late Protestant Petition’.
172. HMC, Montagu, pp. 174–5; Henning, ed., House of Commons, I, 199.
173. Essex's Excellency (1679), p. 4; A Faithfull and Impartial Account of the Behaviour of a Party of the Essex Freeholders (1679), p. 6; Wood, Life and Times, II, 516; CSPD, 1680–81, p. 232; Henning, ed., House of Commons, I, 229, 360.
174. CSPD, 1680–81, p. 31.
175. Somerset RO, Q/SR/148/24–6.
176. Centre for Kentish Studies, U275/A3, pp. 97–9.
177. CJ, IX, 683.
178. Parl. Hist., IV, 1294.
179. Luttrell, I, 63.
180. BL, Add. MSS 28,938, fol. 54; Morrice, P, 276; Corporation of London RO, Journal 49, fols. 156–7.
181. [Jones and Sidney], Just and Modest Vindication, p. 1.
182. Vox Populi, p. 6. Cf. Impartial Account of… the Late Addresses, pp. 18–20; A Modest Account of the Present Posture of Affairs (1682), pp. 7–8; [Hickeringill], Second Part of the History of Whiggism, pp. 65, 70–75; Care, English Liberties, pp. 75–7, 95; Dialogue at Oxford, p. 10.
183. CSPD, 1682, pp. 72, 82.
184. Henning, ed., House of Commons, I, 106; BL, Add. MSS 4236, fol. 227.
185. This section draws on Knights, Politics and Opinion, chs. 8, 9.
186. Mark Knights, ‘London's “Monster” Petition of 1680’, HJ, 36 (1993), 39–67.
187. Steele, I, no. 3703.
188. Petitions were started, without being seen through to fruition, in Buckinghamshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Dorset, Kent, Lancashire, Monmouthshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Yorkshire, Bridgwater, Oxford, Wells, and the London Inns of Court.
189. FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 881 (30 Dec. 1679); CSPD, 1679–80, p. 377; LC, MS 18,124, VII, fol. 1.
190. North, Examen, pp. 563–4; CJ, IX, 691; ‘Thomas Dare’, in Oxford DNB; Morrice P 286–8.
191. FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 1032 (20 Jan. 1681).
192. Luttrell, I, 63.
193. A True Narrative of the Proceedings at Guild-Hall (1681).
194. BL, MS Stowe 746, fol. 16.
195. CSPD, 1680–81, p. 203.
196. Domestick Intelligence, no. 40 (21 Nov. 1679).
197. The Pope's Down-fall at Abergaveny (1679); Domestick Intelligence, no. 39 (18 Nov. 1679); Philip Jenkins, ‘Anti-Popery on the Welsh Marches in the Seventeenth Century’, HJ, 23 (1980), 285.
198. True Prot. Merc., nos. 89 (9–12 Nov. 1681), 90 (12–16 Nov. 1681); Cressy, Bonfires and Bells, p. 179.
199. Bodl., MS Carte 228, fol. 169; The Scots Demonstration of their Abhorrence of Popery (Edinburgh?, 1681); N. M., A Modest Apology for the Students of Edinburgh Burning a Pope December 25. 1680 (1681); L. L., The History of the Late Proceedings of the Students of the Colledge at Edenborough (1681); True Prot. Merc., nos. 3 (1–3 Jan. 1680[/81]), 8 (18–22 Jan. 1680[/81]), 11 (29 Jan.–1 Feb. 1680[/81]), 12 (1–5 Feb. 1680[/81]); [Alexander Monro], The Spirit of Calumny and Slander, Examin'd, Chastis'd, and Expos'd, in a Letter to a Malicious Libeller (1693), p. 64; RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 1, 4, 13–14, 23–4; ST, IX, 1007–1008. For a modern account, see Johnson, Rehearsing the Revolution, pp. 1–3.
200. Harris, London Crowds, p. 160; CSPD, 1679–80, p. 296.
201. Protestant (Domestick) Intelligence, no. 65 (17 Feb. 1679[/80]).
202. WYAS, MX/R/15/33, newsletter, 1 Jul. 1680.
203. Protestant (Domestick) Intelligence, no. 87 (11 Jan. 1680[/81]).
204. CSPD, 1680–81, p. 31.
205. Ibid., p. 170.
206. True Prot. Merc., no. 19 (26 Feb.–2 Mar. 1680[/81]).
207. Luttrell, I, 19–20; Ogg, Charles II, p. 591.
208. BL, Add. MSS 25,358, fol. 139; Wood, Life and Times, II, 466–7.
209. Hutton, Charles II, p. 357.
210. E. S. De Beer, ‘The House of Lords in the Parliament of 1680’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 20 (1943–5), 27–8, 37.
211. Miller, ‘Public Opinion’, p. 377.
212. Hutton, Charles II, p. 371.
213. Guildford Muniment Room, LM 1331/69; Grey, Debates, VIII, 284.
214. CJ, IX, 640; Grey, Debates, VII, 370–72.
215. CJ, IX, 642–3, 653, 656–7, 662; Grey, Debates, VII, 372–4, 378–9, 385–93, 460–71; ibid., VIII, 52–3, 67–71.
216. CJ, IX, 661, 688–92, 697–9; Grey, Debates, VIII, 53–60, 205–9, 285–9; North, Examen, pp. 563–4; ‘Thomas Dare’, in Oxford DNB; Morrice, P, 286–8.
217. Grey, Debates, VII, 456.
218. CJ, IX, 683, 688–92.
219. CJ, IX, 655, 660, 663, 664, 682; Grey, Debates, VIII, 21–31, 38–51, 73–97, 175–81.
220. North, Examen, pp. 550–51.
221. Glassey, Politics, pp. 45–52; Norma Landau, The Justices of the Peace, 1679–1760 (Berkeley, 1984), p. 74; Stater, Noble Government, p. 141.
222. David F. Allen, ‘The Crown and the Corporation of London in the Exclusion Crisis, 1678–1681’, unpub. Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge University (1977).
223. John T. Evans, Seventeenth-Century Norwich: Politics, Religion, and Government, 1620–1690 (Oxford, 1979), p. 251.
224. J. J. Hurwich, ‘A Fanatick Town: Political Influence of Dissenters in Coventry, 1660–1720’, Midland History, 4 (1977), pp. 31–3.
225. David Underdown, Fire from Heaven: Life in an English Town in the Seventeenth Century (New Haven, 1992), p. 241.
226. Wood, Life and Times, II, 463, 490; Letters of Humphrey Prideaux, Sometime Dean of Norwich, to John Ellis, Sometime Secretary of State, 1674–1722, ed. Edward Maunde Thompson, Camden Society, NS, 15, (1875), p. 80; Victoria County History, Oxford, IV, 123.
227. Lond. Gaz., no. 1455 (27–30 Oct. 1679).
228. Halliday, Dismembering, pp. 124–31.
229. Longleat House, Coventry MSS, VI, fol. 117.
230. HMC, Montagu, p. 174; Henning, ed., House of Commons, I, 199, and II, 398–9.
231. WYAS, MX/R/18/124, Sir Thomas Fairfax to Sir John Reresby, 16 Jan. 1681[/2]; ibid., MX/R/20/14, same to the same, 8 Apr. 1682.
232. Haley, Shaftesbury, ch. 28.
233. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 193. Cf. Thomas Sprat, A True Account and Declaration of the Horrid Conspiracy (1685), p. 5.
234. Harris, London Crowds, pp. 71–2.
235. LC, MS 18, 124, VII, fol. 304.
236. A True Account of the Horrid Murder committed upon His Grace, the late Lord Archbishop of Saint Andrews (1679).
237. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 44; The Martyrs and Wrestlers: Their Testimonies and Declarations at Rutherglen, Sanquhar and Lanark (Glasgow, 1770); ‘The Testimony published at Rutherglen, May 29th, 1679’, www.truecovenanter.com/Rutherglen.html (accessed 22 Jun. 2004); RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 208, 210.
238. The Declaration of the Rebels now in Arms in the West of Scotland (1679); Greaves, Secrets, pp. 58–69.
239. Longleat House, Coventry MSS, VI, fol. 73.
240. Depositions from the Castle of York, p. 239
241. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 19.
242. [Donald Cargill], A True and Exact Copy of a Treasonable and Bloody Paper, Called, The Fanaticks New-Covenant… together with the Execrable Declaration Published at the Cross at Sanquhair (1680), pp. 4, 6, 9, 10; RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 481–3.
243. [Shields], Hind Let Loose, pp. 138–9; Hewison, Covenanters, II, 337–8.
244. Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Review’, p. 299.
245. Grey, Debates, VII, 151.
246. Parl. Hist., IV, 1236–50.
247. Parl. Hist., IV, 1257; Fountainhall, Observes, p. 20.
248. ST, VIII, 786.
249. Records of the Borough of Leicester, p. 549.
250. Depositions from the Castle of York, p. 238.
251. LMA, MJ/SR/1596, recs. 17 (to prosecute), 95, ignoramus indictment 1; Middlesex County Records, IV, 153.
252. CSPD, 1682, p. 217.
253. WYAS, MX/R/18/12.
254. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 117.
255. CSPD, 1682, p. 504.
256. Luttrell, I, 233.
257. Depositions from the Castle of York, pp. 265–7.