1. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 1 (13 Apr. 1681).
2. J. R. Jones, Country and Court: England 1658–1714 (1978), p. 216.
3. John Miller, ‘The Potential for “Absolutism” in Later Stuart England’, History, 69 (1984), 187–207.
4. J. R. Jones, Charles II, Royal Politician (1987), p. 162.
5. Harris, London Crowds, chs. 5, 6; Tim Harris ‘The Parties and the People: The Press, the Crowd and Politics “Out-of-doors” in Restoration England’, in Glassey, ed., Reigns of Charles II and James VII and II, pp. 125–51; Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 329–45; Phillip Harth, Pen for a Party: Dryden's Tory Propaganda in its Contexts (Princeton, 1993), PP. 80–84, 149–53, 213–14.
6. Scott, Restoration Crisis, pp. 47–8.
7. Speck, Reluctant Revolutionaries, p. 135.
8. Sir John Reresby, Memoirs, ed. Andrew Browning (Glasgow, 1936; 2nd edn, with a new preface and notes by Mary K. Geiter and W. A. Speck, London, 1991), p. 120; F. C. Turner, James II (1948), pp. 91–5.
9. L'Estrange, Observator, I, ‘To the Reader’; ibid., no. 1 (13 Apr. 1681).
10. Harris, London Crowds, ch. 6; Harth, Pen for a Party, passim (esp. pp. 78–80, 159–61); Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 166–8; Owen, Restoration Theatre; Johnson, Rehearsing the Revolution, ch. 1.
11. BL, Add. MSS 32,518, fols. 144–52; Roger North, Lives of the Norths (3 vols., 1826), I, 320–21.
12. Burnet, HOT, p. 307; Violet Jordan, ed., Sir Roger L'Estrange: Selections from the Observator (1681–1687), Augustan Reprint Society, 141 (1970), introd., p. 1; Harris, London Crowds, p. 132; Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 164–5, 316–25. Our only book-length study of L'Estrange is George Kitchin, Sir Roger L'Estrange: A Contribution to the History of the Press in the Seventeenth Century (1913).
13. Thomas O'Malley, ‘Religion and the Newspaper Press 1660–1685: A Study of the London Gazette’, in Michael Harris and Alan Lee, eds., The Press in English Society from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Centuries (1986), pp. 25–46.
14. All Souls College Library, Oxford, MS 257, no. 96.
15. Harth Pen for a Party pp. 224–8.
16. BL, Add. MSS 63, 057B, fol. 50.
17. Robert Beddard, ‘The Commission for Ecclesiastical Promotions, 1681–84: An Instrument of Tory Reaction’, HJ, 10 (1967), 11–40.
18. William Sherlock, The Case of Resistance (1684), sig. A2v.
19. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 470 (9 Jan. 1683[/4]).
20. Dagmar Freist, Governed by Opinion: Politics, Religion and the Dynamics of Communication in Stuart London 1637–1645 (1997), pp. 248–52.
21. Edward Pelling, A Sermon Preached before the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, at St Mary le Bow, on November 5 1683 (1683), epistle dedicatory.
22. Protestant Loyalty Fairly Drawn (1681), p. 8.
23. Thomas Willis, God's Court… a Sermon Preached at the Assizes Held at Kingston Upon Thames, July 26 1683 (1683), p. 22.
24. L'Estrange, Observator, III, nos. 151 (6 Mar. 1685[/6]), 153 (10 Mar. 1685[/6]), 206 (4 Sep. 1686).
25. Pelling, Sermon… Nov. 5 1683, epistle dedicatory.
26. Sir Robert Filmer, Patriarcha and other Writings, ed. Johann P. Sommerville (Cambridge, 1991).
27. H. T. Dickinson, Liberty and Property: Political Ideology in Eighteenth-Century Britain (1977), p. 26.
28. Goldie, ‘Restoration Political Thought’, p. 19.
29. James Daly, Sir Robert Filmer and English Political Thought (Toronto, 1979), esp. ch. 6.
30. Goldie, ‘Restoration Political Thought’, p. 19.
31. Goldie, ‘Locke and Anglican Royalism’; Scott, Restoration Crisis; Alan Craig Houston, Algernon Sidney and the Republican Heritage in England and America (Princeton, 1991), ch. 2.
32. Thomas Goddard, Plato's Demon (1684), pp. 76–89 (quote on pp. 76–7).
33. George Hickes, A Discourse of the Soveraign Power (1682), pp. 4, 19–2
34. A Letter to a Friend. Shewing… How False that State-Maxim is, Royal Authority is Originally and Radically in the People (1679), p. 4; T[homas] L[ambert] The True Notion of Government (1680), pp. 8, 12, 18.
35. Goddard, Plato's Demon, p. 105.
36. [Matthew Rider], The Power of Parliaments in the Case of Succession (1680), p. 19.
37. Warwick, Discourse of Government, pp. 13–17.
38. Samuel Crossman, Two Sermons (1681), p. 24.
39. Thomas Merke, The Bishop of Carlile's Speech in Parliament, Concerning the Deposing of Princes (1679).
40. William Allen, A Sermon Preacht in Bridgewater (1681), p. 4.
41. Parl. Hist., IV, 1190.
42. E. F., A Letter from a Gentleman of Quality in the Country to His Friend (1679), pp. 2, 4.
43. The Speech of Doctor Gower, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, to his Sacred Majesty (Edinburgh, 1681).
44. Rider, Power of Parliaments, pp. 21–2, 35.
45. A Letter on the Subject of the Succession (1679), p. 2.
46. W. W., Antidotum Britannicum (1681), p. 14.
47. Rider, Power of Parliaments, pp. 27–33.
48. W.W., Antidotum Britannicum, p. 23.
50. John Nalson, The Common Interest of the King and People (1677), p. 139.
51. Glenn Burgess, The Politics of the Ancient Constitution: An Introduction to English Political Thought, 1603–1642 (University Park, Pa., 1992); Glenn Burgess, Absolute Monarchy and the Stuart Constitution (New Haven, 1996); William M. Lamont, Godly Rule: Politics and Religion, 1603–60 (1969); Paul Christianson, Reformers and Babylon: English Apocalyptic Visions from the Reformation to the Eve of the Civil War (Toronto, 1981).
52. [Roger L'Estrange], The Free-born Subject; Or, The Englishman's Birthright (1679), p. 5.
53. Goldie, ‘Restoration Political Thought’, pp. 23–4; Pocock, Ancient Constitution, ch. 8. Brady's works are Full and Clear Answer (1681) and Introduction to the Old English History (1684). Cf. The Arraignment of Co-Ordinate Power (1683).
54. [Sir Benjamin Thorogood], Captain Thorogood His Opinion of the Point of Succession (1680), pp. 3–4.
55. [Rider], Power of Parliaments, p. 4.
56. Hickes, Discourse of the Soveraign Power, p. 22.
57. Roger L'Estrange, Citt and Bumpkin (1680), p. 36.
58. Robert Filmer, The Power of Kings (1680), p. 1.
59. [Laurence Womock], A Short Way to a Lasting Settlement (1683), p. 26.
60. Thomas Pomfret, Passive Obedience, Stated and Asserted (1683), p. 2.
61. John Okes, A Sermon Preached at the Assizes held at Reading (1681), pp. 13–14; Sherlock, Case of Resistance, esp. pp. 192–3, 199; Erasmus Warren, Religion Loyalty (1685), pp. 24–5; Pomfret, Passive Obedience, p. 10.
62. L[ambert], True Notion, pp. 26–7 (misnumbered pp. 18–19).
63. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 464 (29 Dec. 1683).
64. Goddard, Plato's Demon, pp. 196–8, 306.
65. An Apostrophe From the Loyal Party (1681), pp. 2–3. Luttrell, I, 93, described the work as seditious, alleging it aimed ‘to overthrow the ancient constitution of this government by parliaments’.
66. [Womock], Short Way, pp. 3–4, 25–6, 28–9.
67. W.W., Antidotum Britannicum, quotes on pp. 6–7, 34, 75, 86, 94, 104, 162–3.
68. Warwick, Discourse of Government, quotes on pp. 41, 42, 44.
69. Nalson, Common Interest, p. 153.
70. [William Assheton], The Royal Apology (1684), quotes on pp. 38, 43–4.
71. Plain Dealing is a Jewel (1682), pp. 5–7. The examples of the crimes are mine.
72. Nalson, Common Interest, p. 116.
73. John Northleigh, The Triumph of Our Monarchy (1685), pp. 180, 250–51, 256–7.
74. Letter to a Friend. Shewing… How False, p. 8.
75. L'Estrange, Citt and Bumpkin, p. 36.
76. Sherlock, Case of Resistance, pp. 208–9, 211–13.
77. Nathaniel Johnston, The Excellency of Monarchical Government (1686), pp. 29, 31–2, 33, 71, 128, 131, 135, 154.
78. Sherlock, Case of Resistance, pp. 211–12.
79. [Rider], Power of Parliaments, p. 42.
80. [David Jenkins], The King's Prerogative (1680), pp. 4–5.
81. [Rider], Power of Parliaments, pp. 9, 15.
82. Parl. Hist., IV, 1190–91. In the Ship Money ruling of 1637, Lord Chief Justice Finch had asserted that ‘Acts of parliament… cannot bar a succession’, since ‘No act of parliament’ could ‘bar a king of his regality’, and thus any such acts of parliament were void: ST, III, 1235.
83. [Rider], Power of Parliaments, p. 42.
84. Leicestershire RO, DG7, P.P. 73 [iii].
85. Grey, Debates, VII, 163.
86. [Thorogood], His Opinion, p. 9. Cf. Fiat Justitia (1679), p. 2.
87. Plain Dealing is a Jewel, pp. 3, 15, 17, 19.
88. Life of James II, I, 549–50.
89. Grey, Debates, VII, 243, 246–8, 257, 313, 402–3, 407–9, 450–51; ibid., VIII, 318.
90. [Earl of Halifax], A Seasonable Address to Both Houses of Parliament Concerning the Succession (1681), p. 14.
91. England's Happiness In a Lineal Succession (1685).
92. A Letter to a Friend in the Country, Touching the Present Fears and Jealousies of the Nation (1680), p. 1.
93. Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Review’, p. 301.
94. Plain Dealing; Or, A Second Dialogue between Humphrey and Roger (1681).
95. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 379 (23 Jul. 1683).
96. Grey, Debates, VII, 248.
97. Parl. Hist., IV, 1185–6; Grey, Debates, VII, 408.
98. Life of James II, I, 621.
99. Ibid., p. 614.
100. A Plea for Succession in Opposition to Popular Exclusion (1682), p. 2.
101. England's Concern in the Case of His R. H. (1680), p. 10.
102. Life of James II, I, 550.
103. Goddard, Plato's Demon, pp. 363–4. Cf. Misleading the Common People (1685), p. 17.
104. [Halifax], Seasonable Address, p. 15.
105. See above, pp. 198–9.
106. Roger L'Estrange, Tyranny and Popery Lording it Over the Consciences, Lives, Liberties and Estates both of King and People (1678), quote on p. 4.
107. A Vindication of Addresses in General, And of the Middle-Temple Address and Proceedings in Particular (1681), p. 7.
108. [John Northleigh], The Parallel; Or, The New Specious Association (1682), p. 13. See also The Two Associations (1681); Remarques upon the New Project of Association [1682].
109. Northleigh, Triumph of our Monarchy, pp. 735–6.
110. ‘The Plot is Vanish'd’, in Nathaniel Thompson, ed., A Collection of One Hundred and Eighty Loyal Songs (1685), p. 172.
111. Heraclitus Ridens, no. 41 (8 Nov. 81).
112. Lond. Gaz., no. 1566 (18–22 Nov. 1680). For the trial, see ST, VIII, 123–4. Skein was executed in December.
113. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 128 (14 Mar. 1681[/2]). See also CSPD, 1682, pp. 118–19.
114. [James Crauford], A Serious Expostulation With that Party in Scotland, Commonly Known by the Name of Whigs (1682), p. 4.
115. A Letter from Scotland, with Observations upon the Anti-Erastian, Anti-Praelatical, and Phanatical Presbyterian Party There (1682), p. 2.
116. [George Hickes], Ravillac Redivivus (1678; 2nd edn, 1682), pp. 35, 43.
117. L'Estrange, Tyranny and Popery, p. 93.
118. BL, Sloane MS 1008, fol. 313.
119. Susan J. Owen, ‘“Suspect My Loyalty when I Lose my Virtue”: Sexual Politics and Party in Aphra Behn's Plays of the Exclusion Crisis, 1678–83’, Restoration, 18 (1994), 37–47.
120. Loy. Prot. Int., nos. 55 (13 Sep. 1681), 164 (6 Jun. 1682).
121. John Nalson, Complaint of Liberty and Property against Arbitrary Government (1681), p. 5.
122. Plain Dealing is a Jewel, pp. 14, 17.
123. Sir Roger L'Estrange, The Character of a Papist in Masquerade (1681), p. 10.
124. [John Nalson], The Character of a Rebellion (1681), pp. 4–5.
125. Nalson, Complaint of Liberty, pp. 2–3.
126. Plea for Succession, pp. 3–4.
127. ‘The Commonwealth Ruling with a Standing Army’, frontispiece to [Sir Thomas May], Arbitrary Government Display'd in the Tyrannick Usurpation of the Rump Parliament, and Oliver Cromwell (1683).
128. Whig's Exaltation [1682], in Thompson, ed., Songs, p. 6.
129. John Allen, Of Perjury (1682), p. 29.
130. A Litany from Geneva (1682). Cf. The Cavaliers Litany (1682) L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 38 (10 Jul. 1681); The Convert Scot, and Apostate English (1681), p. 52.
131. Jack the Cobler's Caution to His Country-Men (1682).
132. [L'Estrange], Tyranny and Popery, pp. 82–3, 93.
133. A Vindication of Addresses, p. 1.
134. Advice to the Men of Shaftesbury [1681], pp. 1–2.
135. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 318 (12 Apr. 1683).
136. Heraclitus Ridens, no. 7 (15 Mar. 1681). Cf. [John Nalson], Foxes and Fire-Brands (1680), preface; Plea for Succession, p. 10.
137. Evelyn, Diary, IV, 295.
138. Heraclitus Ridens, nos. 2 (8 Feb. 1681), 4 (22 Feb. 1681); [John Andrewes], A Gentle Reflection on the Modest Account (1682), p. 11; Plain Dealing is a Jewel, pp. 10–11; Mad-Men's Hospital (1681), in Nathaniel Thompson, ed., A Collection of Eighty-Six Loyal Poems (1685), p. 59.
139. Edward Pelling, A Sermon Preached On the Anniversary of that Most Execrable Murder of K. Charles The First Royal Martyr (1682), pp. 13–14.
140. Hickes, Discourse of the Soveraign Power, pp. 20–21. For a modern scholarly examination of the extent to which Calvinist resistance theory derived from Catholic thought, see Quentin Skinner, The Foundations of Modern Political Thought (2 vols., Cambridge, 1978).
141. [Andrewes], Gentle Reflection, p. 12.
142. Protestant Loyalty, preface.
143. Nicholas Adee, A Plot for a Crown, In a Visitation-Sermon, At Cricklade, May the Fifteenth, 1682 (1683), p. 16.
144. Edward Pelling, The True Mark of the Beast (1681), pp. 29–30.
145. Goddard, Plato's Demon, pp. 340–61 (quotes on pp. 347–8).
146. Roger L'Estrange, The Committee; Or, Popery in Masquerade (1680).
147. The Charter (1682), in Thompson, ed., Poems, p. 150; ‘To His Royal Highness the Duke’ [1679?], in Thompson, ed., Poems, pp. 247–9.
148. [Thorogood], His Opinion, p. 10.
149. Plain Dealing is a Jewel, p. 17.
150. See below, pp. 335–6, 338–9.
151. [J. S.], A New Letter from Leghorn (1681), p. 1.
152. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 132 (23 Mar. 1681[/2]).
153. Plea for Succession, p. 2.
154. Chandaman, English Public Revenue, pp. 185, 332; Geoffrey S. Holmes, The Making of a Great Power: Late Stuart and Early Georgian Britain 1660–1722 (1993), pp. 88–92; Toby Barnard, ‘Scotland and Ireland in the later Stewart Monarchy’, in Steven G. Ellis and Sarah Barber, eds., Conquest and Union: Fashioning a British State, 1485–1725 (1995), p. 269; Hutton, Charles II, pp. 401, 410.
155. Charles II, His Majesties Declaration To all His Loving Subjects, Touching The Causes and Reasons That Moved Him to Dissolve The Two last Parliaments ( 1681 ).
156. North, Lives, I, 381.
157. All Souls College Library, Oxford, MS 257, no. 96.
158. Fountainhall, Observes, I, 34.
159. Knights, Politics and Opinion, ch. 10; Harth, Pen for a Party, pp. 68–72.
160. Parl. Hist., IV, 1306.
161. Cited in Keith Feiling, A History of the Tory Party, 1640–1714 (Oxford, 1924), p. 186.
162. True Prot. Merc., no. 159 (12–15 Jul. 1682); HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 155; LC, MS 18,124, VII, fol. 309; ibid., IX, fol. 326.
163. John Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel (1681), in POAS, II, 491–2.
164. L'Estrange, Observator, I, nos. 142 (24 May 1682), 222 (23 Oct. 1682).
165. [Northleigh], Parallel, p. 29.
166. BL, Add. MSS 27,448, fol. 18.
167. Allen, A Sermon Preacht in Bridgewater, pp. 6, 14.
168. Allen, Of Perjury, p. 28.
169. John Standish, A Sermon Preached at the Assizes at Hertford (1683), p. 28.
170. Miles Barne, A Sermon Preach'd at the Assizes at Hertford (1684), p. 20.
171. George Hickes, The True Notion of Persecution Stated (1681), pp. 5–6; Mark Goldie, ‘The Huguenot Experience and the Problem of Toleration in Restoration England’, in C. E. J. Caldicott, H. Gough and J.-P. Pittion, eds., The Huguenots and Ireland: Anatomy of an Emigration (Dublin, 1987), pp. 175–203.
172. Richard Pearson, Providence Bringing Good out of Evil (1684), PP. 34–5.
173. Heraclitus Ridens, no. 13 (26 Apr. 1681).
174. John Nalson, Vox Populi, Fax Populi (1681), pp. 4–5.
175. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 135 (10 May 1682).
1. Vindication of Addresses, p. 1.
2. The Speech of Robert Clerk, Esq, Deputy-Recorder of Northampton to the Mayor-Elect for the Year Ensuing (1684).
3. John Oldmixon, The History of Addresses (2 vols., 1709–11), I, 53; Impartial Account of… the Late Addresses, p. 9; Imp. Prot. Merc., no. 104 (18–21 Apr. 1682); Haley, Shaftesbury, pp. 640, 687; Arthur G. Smith, ‘London and the Crown, 1681–1685’, unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin (1967), p. 150.
4. Harris, London Crowds, ch. 6; Harris, ‘The Parties and the People’; Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 329–45; Harth, Pen for a Party, pp. 80–84, 149–53, 213–14.
5. Scott, ‘England's Troubles’, p. 126; Scott, Restoration Crisis, pp. 45, 47, 48. Scott has toned down his views somewhat in his latest work, England's Troubles.
6. Harris, London Crowds, ch. 3; Harris, Politics under the Later Stuarts; ch. 2; David Underdown, Revel, Riot and Rebellion: Popular Politics and Culture in England, 1603–1660 (Oxford 18) ch. 10.
7. Andrew Browning and D. J. Milne, ‘An Exclusion Bill Division List’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 23 (1950), 205–25; Henning, ed., House of Commons, I, 65.
8. Henning, ed., House of Commons, I, 329–31, 414–16 (and passim for the electoral contests of 1679–81); Victor L. Stater, ‘Continuity and Change in English Provincial Politics: Robert Paston in Norfolk, 1675–1683’, Albion, 25 (1993), 212–13.
9. Lond. Gaz., nos. 1455 (27–30 Oct. 1679) to 1465 (1–4 Dec. 1679) (the account of the Durham festivities is in no. 1460 (13–17 Nov. 1679)); Reresby, Memoirs, pp. 190–91; HMC, Ormonde, NS, V, 234–5; CSPD, 1679–80, p. 278.
10. HMC, Ormonde, NS, IV, 580; Protestant (Domestick) Intelligence, no. 68 (27 Feb. 1680); LC, MS 18,124, VII, fol. 23; Bodl. MS Carte 39, fol. 111; Corporation of London RO, Rep. 85, fol. 88; FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 905 (24 Feb. 1679[/80]); Current Intelligence, no. 7 (28 Feb.-6 Mar. 1679[/80]); Knights, Politics and Opinion, p. 264.
11. Lond. Gaz., no. 1493 (8–11 Mar. 1679[/80]); LC, MS 18, 124, VII, fol. 28; Luttrell, I, 37–8; Some Historical Memoires of the Life and Actions of… James Duke of York (1683), p. 117.
12. HMC, Ormonde, NS, V, 293, 296; Mercurius Civicus, 24 Mar. 1679[/80]; FSL, Newdigate Newsletters Lc. 916–21 (23 Mar. – 3 Apr. 1680); BL, Althorp Papers C2, Sir William Hickman to the Earl of Halifax, 23 Mar. 1679[/80] and 27 Mar. 1680; NLS, MS 14,407, fol. 65; CSPD, 1679–80, pp. 422, 423; LC, MS 18,124, VII, fols. 34, 35; Protestant (Domestick) Intelligence, nos. 77 (30 Mar. 1680), 78 (2 Apr. 1680), 79 (6 Apr. 1680), 81 (13 Apr. 1680); A Protestant Prentice's Loyal Advice (1680); Harris, London Crowds, pp. 164–8.
13. BL, Althorp Papers C4, Sir William Coventry to the Earl of Halifax, 1 May 1680.
14. Jones, First Whigs, pp. 119, 167–73; Evans, Seventeenth-Century Norwich, p. 272; Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 266–8.
15. Loy. Prot. Int., nos. 4 (19 Mar. 1680[/81]), 5 (22 Mar. 1680[/81]); True Prot. Merc., nos. 21 (5–9 Mar. 1680[/81]), 24 (16–19 Mar. 1680[/81]) (which claims that the Bristol Tory address was a forgery); The Southwark Address (1681).
16. Hunt. Lib., HA 6014, draft letter, Earl of Huntingdon to [blank], n.d. (1682 or later).
17. Henning, ed., House of Commons, I, 201, and III, 266, 305.
18. Susan E. Whyman, Sociability and Power in Late-Stuart England: The Cultural World of the Verneys, 1660–1720 (Oxford, 1999), pp. 65–7.
19. Harth, Pen for a Party, p. 78.
20. Luttrell, I, 73, 77.
21. BL, Add. MSS 27,488, fol. 16.
22. WYAS, MX/R/19/15, Richard Grahme to Sir John Reresby, 6 May 1681.
23. BL, Add. MSS 35,104, fols. IIv, 13v. Cf. Rawdon Papers, p. 265.
24. WYAS, MX/R/19/27, John Wentworth to Sir John Reresby, 25 Apr. 1681.
25. Vox Angliae (1682), which lists 212 addresses, including one from Barbados.
26. Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 335–6; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 91.
27. Knights, Politics and Opinion, p. 338.
28. Loy. Prot. Int., nos. 20 (14 May 1681), 22 (21 May 1681), 46 (13 Aug. 1681); Luttrell, I, 84; Tapsell, ‘Parliament and Political Division’, p. 247.
29. Burnet, HOT, p. 329; Vox Angliae, I, 25.
30. Vox Angliae, I, 5–6.
31. Ibid., p. 4.
32. Hampshire RO, W/B1/6, fols. 132v – 133; Vox Angliae, I, 8.
33. Henning, ed., House of Commons, III, 176.
34. BL, MS Stowe 746, fol. 48.
35. Dorset RO, DC/LR/A3/1, ‘Addresses Book’, pp. 1–2; Vox Angliae, II, 15.
36. The compilations are A Collection of Addresses from All Counties (1681); Vox Angliae.
37. Oldmixon, History of Addresses, I, 53.
38. Impartial Account of… the Late Addresses, pp. 9–10.
39. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 62; Luttrell, I, 84.
40. Luttrell, I, 85, 91; Morrice, P, 305, 306.
41. Vox Angliae, I, 1–2, 4–5, 18, 41, 44.
42. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 91; Loy. Prot. Int., no. 51 (30 Aug. 1681); Vox Angliae, I, 24; Lond. Gaz., no. 1647 (29 Aug.–1 Sep. 1681).
43. The Address of above 20,000 of the Loyal Protestant Apprentices of London (1681); Just and Modest Vindication of the Many Thousand Loyal Apprentices (1681); NA, SP 29/416, nos. 136–8; Imp. Prot. Merc, nos. 33 (12–16 Aug. 1681), 39 (2–6 Sep. 1681).
44. Luttrell, I, 94, 99–101; Oldmixon, History of Addresses, I, 53; Lawyer's Demurrer (1681); Vindication of Addresses, p. 4; Vox Angliae, I, 14, 18, 21, and II, 19.
45. Devon RO, QS/B, Epiphany 1681[/2], indictment of John Lambert and informations of Christopher Gillard and John Jarring.
46. Lond. Gaz., no. 1636 (21–25 Jul. 1681).
47. True Prot. Merc., no. 48 (18–22 Jun. 1681).
48. Luttrell, I, 128.
49. WYAS, MX/R/17/44–46a, Christopher Tanckred to Sir John Reresby, 27 Jun. 1681; WYAS, MX/R/18/9, Sir Thomas Fairfax to Sir John Reresby, 27 Jun. 1681.
50. BL, Althorp Papers C2, John Wilmington to the Earl of Halifax, 27 Jul. 1681; Luttrell, I, 113.
51. Andrew Coleby, Central Government and the Localities: Hampshire 1649–1689 (Cambridge, 1987), p. 213.
52. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 36 (9 Jul. 1681).
53. Knights, Politics and Opinion, pp. 334–5.
54. BL, Althorp Papers C2, John Wilmington to the Earl of Halifax, 27 Jul. 1681.
55. Knights, Politics and Opinion, p. 342.
56. [Edmund Hickeringill], The History of Whiggism; Or, The Whiggish-Plots, Principles, and Practices (1682), p. 12.
57. Stater, Noble Government, pp. 147–9.
58. [Robert Ferguson] The Second Part of the Growth of Popery (1682), p. 297; Impartial Account of… the Late Addresses, p. 32.
59. WYAS, MX/R/18/51, Duke of Newcastle to Sir John Reresby, 23 Sep. 1681; Vox Angliae, II, 5–6.
60. Luttrell, I, 87; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 67.
61. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 56 (17 Sep. 1681).
62. Lond. Gaz., nos. 1686 (12–16 Jan. 1681[/2]) to 1759 (25–28 Sep. 1682). The total excludes those from Ireland, hence is lower than that cited by Harth in the note below.
63. Harth, Pen for a Party, pp. 150–53.
64. Lond. Gaz., nos. 1738 (13–17 Jul. 1682), 1756 (14–18 Sep. 1682); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 181 (15 Jul. 1682); Loyal Impartial Mercury, no. 29 (15–19 Sep. 1682).
65. Reresby, Memoirs, p. 246; The Addresses Importing an Abhorrence [1682], p. 3; Harth, Pen for a Party, p. 150.
66. CSPD, 1682, p. 203.
67. Luttrell, I, 212; WYAS, MX/R/22/16, William Russell to Sir John Reresby, 10 Aug. 1682; Dom. Int. Imp. no. 126 (3–7 Aug. 1682), 127 (7–10 Aug. 1682); Loyal London Mercury, nos. 17(5–9 Aug. 1682), 18 (9–12 Aug. 1682); LC, MS 18, 124, VIII, fol. 220.
68. Modest Account of the Present Posture, p. 6.
69. CSPD, 1682, pp. 137–8; Clive Holmes, Seventeenth-Century Lincolnshire (Lincoln, 1980), pp. 245–6; Glassey, Politics, pp. 53–4; Landau, Justices of the Peace, p. 75.
70. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 149 (2 May 1682); CSPD, 1682, p. 279.
71. True Prot. Merc., no. 160 (15–19 Jul. 1682); Luttrell, I, 209.
72. WYAS, MX/R/18/20, Thomas Fairfax to Sir John Reresby, 28 Feb. 1681[/2]; WYAS, MX/R/18/65, Thomas Yarburgh to Sir John Reresby, 22 Mar. 168½; WYAS, MX/R/20/15, H. Marwood to Sir John Reresby, 23 Mar. 1682[/3]; Lond. Gaz., no. 1707 (27–30 Mar. 1682).
73. WYAS, MX/R/20/19, Duke of Newcastle to Sir John Reresby, 1 Apr. 1682.
74. CSPD, 1682, p. 168; P. J. Norrey, ‘The Relationship between Central Government and Local Government in Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire, 1660–1688’, unpub. Ph.D. thesis, University of Bristol (1988), p. 276.
75. CSPD, 1682, pp. 157–8; Lond. Gaz., no. 1717 (1–4 May 1682).
76. CSPD, 1682, p. 102.
77. Proceedings of the Citizens of Hereford (1682), p. 1.
78. CSPD, 1682, p. 212; Coventry City Archives, BA/H/C/17/2, fol. 281; Lond. Gaz., no. 1720 (11–15 May 1682).
79. Dorset RO, DC/LR/A3/1, ‘Addresses Book’, pp. 1–4.
80. Berkshire RO, R/AC1/1/15, pp. 264–8.
81. Luttrell, I, 165.
82. LC, MS 18,124, VIII, fol. 64.
83. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 335–6.
84. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 30 (14 Jun. 1681); Luttrell, I, 92.
85. Luttrell, I, 130, 134; Imp. Prot. Merc., no. 50 (11–14 Oct. 1681); Current Intelligence, no. 55 (29 Oct.–1 Nov. 1681).
86. LC, MS 18,124, VII, fol. 264; Loy. Prot. Int., no. 74 (8 Nov. 1681); Luttrell, I, 142; Fountainhall, Observer, I, 51–2; A Dialogue upon the Burning of the Pope and Presbyter (1681).
87. Luttrell, I, 144; Imp. Prot. Merc., no. 60 (15–18 Nov. 1681); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 78 (17 Nov. 1681); CSPD, 1680–81, p. 571; HMC, 10th Report, app. 4, P 173.
88. CSPD, 1682, pp. 119, 124; Lond. Gaz., no. 1703 (13–16 Mar. 1681[/2]); Luttrell, I, 171; True Prot. Merc., no. 125 (15–18 Mar. 1681[/2]).
89. Imp. Prot. Merc., no. 101 (7–11 Apr. 1682); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 140 (11 Apr. 1682).
90. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 143 (18 Apr. 1682).
91. CSPD, 1682, p. 165.
92. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 145 (22 Apr. 1680).
93. True Prot. Merc., no. 142 (13–17 May 1682).
94. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 159 (25 May 1682); LC, MS 18,124, VIII, fol. 63; True Prot. Merc., no. 147 (31 May-2 Jun. 1681); Heraclitus Ridens, no. 70 (30 May 1682); Luttrell, I, 189.
95. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 162 (1 Jun. 1682); LC, MS 18, 124, VIII, fol. 63.
96. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 165 (8 Jun. 1682); Dom. Int. Imp., no. 108 (1–5 Jun. 1682).
97. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 151 (8 Jun. 1682).
98. Luttrell, I, 193; HMC, Kenyon, p. 142; A Farther Account from Several Letters of the Continuation of the Cruel Persecution of the People Called Quakers in Bristol (1682), p. 3.
99. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 222 (19 Oct. 1682).
100. Dom. Int. Imp., no. 146 (12–16 Oct. 1682); Loyal Impartial Mercury, no. 37 (13–17 Oct. 1682); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 221 (17 Oct. 1682).
101. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 231 (9 Nov. 1682).
102. Ibid., no. 234 (16 Nov. 1682).
103. Ibid., no. 232 (11 Nov. 1682); Loyal London Mercury, no. 24 (8–11 Nov. 1682); Dom. Int. Imp., no. 155 (13–16 Nov. 1682); LC, MS 18, 124, VIII, fols. 259, 260, 262.
104. CSPD, Jan.-Jun. 1683, pp. 286–7; Reresby, Memoirs, p. 303; L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 357 (14 Jun. 1683).
105. CSPD, 1682, p. 165.
106. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 30 (18 Jun. 1681).
107. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 151 (8 Jun. 1682).
108. CSPD, 1683, pp. 286–7; Norrey, ‘Relationship’, p. 271.
109. LC MS 18, 124, VIII, fol. 27.
110. Ibid., fol. 40.
111. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 145, (22 Apr. 1682); Imp. Prot. Merc., no. 104 (18–24 Apr. 1682).
112. Luttrell, I, 142; Imp. Prot. Merc., no. 57 (4–8 Nov. 1681); True Prot. Merc., nos. 88 (5–9 Nov. 1681), 89 (9–12 Nov. 1681); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 75 (10 Nov. 1681).
113. True Prot. Merc., nos. 89 (9–12 Nov. 1681), 90 (12–16 Nov. 1681).
114. HMC, 10th report, app. 4, p. 174; CSPD, 1680–81, p. 571; True Prot. Merc., no. 91 (16–19 Nov. 1681); The Procession (1681); Luttrell, I, 144; Dom. Int. Imp., no. 51 (14–17 Nov. 1681); Imp. Prot. Merc, no. 60 (15–18 Nov. 1681).
115. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 82 (26 Nov. 1681); NA, SP 29/417, no. 115; BL, Add. MSS 25,363, fol. 125; True Prot. Merc., no. 93 (23–26 Nov. 1681); Heraclitus Ridens, no. 64 (18 Apr. 1681); HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 237.
116. Luttrell, I, 148.
117. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 85 (3 Dec. 1681).
118. True Prot. Merc., no. 95 (30 Nov.–3 Dec. 1681). For Dorchester's loyal address, see Vox Angliae… The Second Part (1682), p. 8; Underdown, Fire from Heaven, p. 255.
119. For evidence of support for Monmouth in London through to the end of 1682, see Harris, London Crowds, ch. 7.
120. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 12(16 Apr. 1681).
121. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 39 (19 July. 1681); Wiltshire RO, A1/110 T. 1681; Norrey, ‘Relationship’, p. 195.
122. HMC, 10th report, app. 4, p. 174.
123. LC, MS 18,124, VIII, fols. 46–7; Fountainhall, Observes, I, 65–6.
124.CSPD, 1682, pp. 381–409, passim (quote on p. 406); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 212 (26 Sep. 1682); HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 444 G. W. Keeton, Lord Chancellor Jeffreys and the Stuart Cause (1965), pp. 163–9; H. Montgomery Hyde, Judge Jeffreys (1940), pp. 126–8; Clifton, Last Popular Rebellion, pp. 135–7; Greaves, Secrets, pp. 109–11.
125. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 205 (14 Sep. 1682); CSPD, 1682, pp. 405–6; Luttrell, I, 222.
126. True Prot. Merc., nos. 88 (5–9 Nov. 1681), 89 (9–12 Nov. 1681), 147 (31 May-2 Jun. 1681); Imp. Prot. Merc, nos. 57 (4–8 Nov. 1681), 101 (7–11 Apr. 1681), 105 (21–25 Apr. 1681); Loy. Prot. Int., nos. 75 (10 Nov. 1681), 140 (11 Apr. 1682), 162 (1 Jun. 1682); LC, MS 18,124, VIII, fols. 40, 63.
127. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 221 (17 Oct. 1682).
128. LC, MS 18,124, IX, fol. 331; NA, SP 29/421, no. 67; Loy. Prot. Int., no. 231 (9 Nov. 1682); Dom. Int. Imp., no. 153 (6–9 Nov. 1682); HMC, 12th Report, VII, 190; WYAS, MX/R/22/27, Ben Rokeby to Sir John Reresby, 7 Nov. 1682; FSL, Newdigate Newsletters, Lc. 1297 (7 Nov. 1682); Morrice, P, 343.
129. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 30 (18 Jun. 1681).
130. True Prot. Merc., no. 151 (14–17 Jun. 1682).
131. Wood, Life and Times, III, 42–3; Greaves, Secrets, p. 51.
132. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 68 (5 Nov. 1681).
133. Ibid., no. 411 (27 Sep. 1683).
134. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 19 (10 May 1681).
135. Northleigh, Triumph of Our Monarchy, p. 393.
136. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 165 (8 Jun. 1682); True Prot. Merc., no. 151 (14–17 Jun. 1682).
137. William King, A Great Archbishop of Dublin. William King D.D., 1650–1719, ed. Sir Charles Simeon King (1906), p. 19.
138. BL, Althorp Papers C2, Sir John Reresby to the Earl of Halifax, 20 Aug. 1681.
139. CSPD, 1682, p. 243.
140. Luttrell, I, 252.
141. LC, MS 18,124, VIII, fol. 257; Vox Juvenilis (1681), pp. 1, 3; A Letter of Advice to the Petitioning Apprentices (1681), p. 1.
142. Imp. Prot. Merc., nos. 15 (10–14 Aug. 1681), 34 (16–19 Jun. 1681). For an extended discussion of this issue, see Tim Harris, ‘Perceptions of the Crowd in Later Stuart London’, in J. F. Merritt, ed., Imagining Early Modern London: Perceptions and Portrayals of the City from Stow to Strype 1598–1720 (Cambridge, 2001), pp. 250–72.
143. Impartial Account of… the Late Addresses, p. 11.
144. Harris, London Crowds, ch. 8; Gary S. De Krey, ‘Revolution Redivivus: 1688–1689 and the Radical Tradition in Seventeenth-Century London Politics’, in Lois G. Schwoerer, ed., The Revolution of 1688–1689: Changing Perspectives (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 205–6; Mark Knights, ‘London Petitions and Parliamentary Politics in 1679’, Parliamentary History, 12 (1993), 41; Knights, ‘London's “Monster” Petition’, pp. 59–64.
145. Stater, Noble Government, pp. 142–3; Luttrell, I, 75, 89; Norrey, ‘Relationship’, p. 190.
146. Glassey, Politics, pp. 53–62; Burnet, HOT, p. 330.
147. The best modern study is Halliday, Dismembering, ch. 6, on which the following account draws. See also his app. A, pp. 351–2.
148. Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Part I’, p. 22. Cf. Sprat, True Account, pp. 7–8.
149. An Astrological Diary of the Seventeenth Century: Samuel Jeake of Rye 1652–1699, eds. Michael Hunter and Annabel Gregory (Oxford, 1988), pp. 156–7; Henning, ed., House of Commons, II, 500; Morrice, P, 339; NA, PC 2/69, p. 514; CSPD, 1680–81, pp. 422, 439, 444, 583; CSPD, 1682, pp. 225–6, 229, 234, 366–8; LC, MS 18, 124, VII, fol. 238.
150. Evans, Seventeenth-Century Norwich; Jonathan Barry, ‘The Politics of Religion in Restoration Bristol’, in Harris et al., eds, Politics of Religion, pp. 163–89; Newton E. Key, ‘Politics beyond Parliament: Unity and Party in the Herefordshire Region during the Restoration Period’, unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University (1989), p. 523.
151. ST, IX, 187–299; Morrice, P, 346; Harris, London Crowds, pp. 184–6.
152. R. G. Pickavance, ‘The English Boroughs and the King's Government: A Study of the Tory Reaction of 1681–1685’, unpub. Ph.D. thesis, Oxford University (1976), pp. 217, 222.
153. Halliday, Dismembering, pp. 201–3.
154. ST, VIII, 1039–1358 (quote on p. 1069); Jennifer Levin, The Charter Controversy in the City of London (1969).
155. Halliday, Dismembering, pp. 203, 212–14, 228; Galitz ‘Challenge of Stability’, pp. 157–8; Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Part I’, p. 22; Pickavance, ‘English Boroughs’, pp. 178–9.
156. Evans, Seventeenth-Century Norwich, pp. 252, 280–96.
157. True Prot. Merc., no. 183 (4–7 Oct. 1682); The Case of the Burgesses of Nottingham (1682); BL, Althorp Papers C2, Sir John Reresby to the Earl of Halifax, 19 Jul. 1682; Luttrell, I, 222–3, 227; CSPD, 1682, pp. 437–8; Pickavance, ‘English Boroughs’, p. 102. For Sherwin's nonconformity, see CSPD, 1682, pp. 192–3.
158. BL, Add. MSS 41,803, fols. 45, 53. See also Coventry City Archives, BA/H/C/17/2 fols. 294–5, 303–4.
159. Pickavance, ‘English Boroughs’, ch. 6.
160. Hunt. Lib., STT 1514, John Nicholls to Sir Richard Temple, 1 Aug. 1684.
161. LC, MS 18,124, IX, fol. 133.
162. Lond. Gaz., no. 2015 (9–12 Mar. 1684/[5]).
163. Ibid., no. 2060 (13–17 Aug. 1685).
164. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 92 (16 Dec. 1681).
165. True Prot. Merc., no. 101 (21–24 Dec. 1681).
166. Joseph Besse, A Collection of the Sufferings of the People Called Quakers (2 vols., 1753), I, 68–70, 687; Braithwaite, Second Period, pp. 104–5.
167. Morrice, P, 480.
168. Craig W. Horle, The Quakers and the English Legal System 1660–1688 (Philadelphia, 1988), p. 102.
169. True Prot. Merc., no. 175 (6–9 Sep. 1682).
170. Luttrell, I, 245–6.
171. Braithwaite, Second Period, p. 109.
172. True Prot. Merc., no. 125 (15–18 Mar. 1681[/2]).
173. CSPD, 1682, p. 601; Braithwaite, Second Period, pp. 106–8.
174. ST, X, 147–308 (quotes on pp. 150–51).
175. William Penn, Good Advice to the Church of England (1687), p. 57.
176. Braithwaite, Second Period, p. 115.
177. Thomas Delaune, A Plea for the Non-Conformists (1684), p. 11.
178. Longleat House, Coventry MSS, VI, fol. 129.
179. Norrey, ‘Relationship’, p. 182
180. Knights, Politics and Opinion, p. 290; Morrice, P, 300.
181. LC, MS 18,124, VII, fol. 280; Current Intelligence, no. 68 (13–17 Dec. 1681); Luttrell, I, 152 (who also alludes to similar scenes at Salisbury).
182. WYAS, MX/R/18/96, John Kaye to Sir John Reresby, 31 Jan. 1681[/2].
183. Luttrell, I, 231.
184. NA, SP 29/422, no. 22; David J. Johnson, Southwark and the City (Oxford, 1969), p. 254.
185. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 153 (12 Jun. 1682).
186. The Presentments of the Grand Juries from the Counties of Middlesex (1682).
187. The Presentment of the Grand Jury of Kent (1683).
188. BL, Add. MSS 41,803, fol. 71.
189. LC, MS 18,124, IX, fol. 125.
190. Mark Goldie, ‘The Hilton Gang and the Purge of London in the 168os’, in Howard Nenner, ed., Politics and the Imagination in Later Stuart Britain (Rochester, NY, 1997).
191. Harris, London Crowds, pp. 182–3.
192. LC, MS 18,124, VIII, fol. 56.
193. Pickavance, ‘English Boroughs’, p. 102.
194. Greaves, Secrets, p. 91.
195. CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, p. 362.
196. Bodl., MS Tanner 34, fol. 75.
197. BL, Althorp Papers C2, Sir John Reresby to the Earl of Halifax, 19 Jul. 1682.
198. LC, MS 18, 124, IX, fol. 8.
199. Ibid., fol. 10.
200. Luttrell, I, 316; LMA, MJ/SBB/417, pp. 59–63.
201. Current Intelligence, no. 60 (15–19 Nov. 1681).
202. CSPD, 1682, p. 72.
203. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 126 (9 Mar. 1681/[2]).
204. Loyal Impartial Mercury, no. 9 (4–7 Jul. 1682); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 223 (21 Oct. 1682); True Prot. Merc, no. 99 (14–17 Dec. 1681).
205. CSPD, 1682, p. 25.
206. Clarendon Correspondence, I, 192.
207. Jeremy Gregory, Restoration, Reformation and Reform, 1660–1828: Archbishops of Canterbury and their Diocese (Oxford, 2000), p. 201.
208. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 208 (16 Sep. 1682).
209. L'Estrange, Observator, II, no. 122 (27 Aug. 1684).
210. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 42 (30 Jul. 1681).
211. Ibid., no. 115 (11 Feb. 1681[/2]).
212. Corporation of London RO, Sessions File, Jul. 1681, indictment of Stephen College; ST, VIII, 549–724.
213. For the radical conspiracies of the 1680s, see: Greaves, Secrets, ch. 6; Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary Politics and Locke's ‘Two Treatises of Government’ (Princeton, 1986), ch. 8. Unless otherwise stated, my account draws from these two works.
214. Lord Ford Grey, The Secret History of the Rye House Plot and of Monmouth's Rebellion (1685), pp. 16–17.
215. Ibid., p. 23.
216. P. Karsten, ‘Plotters and Proprietors, 1682–3’, The Historian, 38 (1976), 474–84.
217. ST, IX, 416.
218. John Marshall, ‘Resistance and the Second Treatise’, in his John Locke: Resistance, Religion and Responsibility (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 205–91; Scott, Restoration Crisis, pt 3.
219. ST, IX, 585–94.
220. Greaves, Secrets, pp. 219–29.
221. ‘Laurence Braddon’, in DNB; CSPD, Jul.-Sep. 1683, pp. 174, 215, 341–3, 367, 372, 425; CSPD, 1683–4, p. 24; Morrice, P, 385, 432; ST, IX, 1127–1352 (see p. 1230 for the bail). Braddon's bail was a personal bond of £6,000 plus two sureties at £3,000 each. Braddon himself claimed that the sureties he had to give for his good behaviour upon his release in fact also totalled £12,000.
222. This account of Monmouth is based on my article in the Oxford DNB.
223. Morrice, P, 392.
224. Morrice, P, 406; ST, XI, 1099.
225. Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Part I’, p. 110.
226. ST, X, 106–24; Luttrell, I, 310–13. See Sprat, True Account, pp. 140–44.
227. ST, IX, 1333–72; Morrice, P, 400, 421, 431.
228. ST, X, 126–48; Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Part I’, p. 60.
229. North, Lives, I, 332.
230. Charles II, His Majesties Declaration… Concerning the Treasonable Conspiracy (1683), pp. 4–6.
231. Luttrell, I, 278–9.
232. The Judgment and Decree of the University of Oxford (1683).
233. As listed in Lond. Gaz., nos. 1839 (2–5 Jul. 1683) to 1894 (10–14 Jan. 1683[/4]).
234. Centre for Kentish Studies, U275/A4; Luttrell, I, 271; Lond. Gaz., nos. 1844 (19–23 Jul. 1683), 1860 (13–17 Sep. 1683), 1866 (4–8 Oct. 1683).
235. Berkshire RO, R/AC1/1/16, p. 16.
236. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 87, 95, 102.
237. Luttrell, I, 264; Lond. Gaz., no. 1839 (2–5 Jul. 1683).
238. Dorset RO, DC/LR/A3/1, pp. 5–6.
239. Luttrell, I, 276–7,
240. BL, MS Stowe 746, fols. 71–2; Lond. Gaz., no. 1863 (24–27 Sep. 1683).
241. Luttrell, I, 279.
242. LC, MS 18,124, VIII, fol. 385; CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, P. 395.
243. Wood, Life and Times, III, 72.
244. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 406 (19 Sep. 1683).
245. Berkshire RO, R/AC1/1/16, p. 19.
246. CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, p. 398.
247. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 411 (27 Sep. 1683).
248. CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, P. 29.
249. Ibid., p. 392.
250. L'Estrange, Observator, no. 406 (19 Sep. 1683).
251. CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, p. 389.
252. Michael Mullett, ‘Popular Culture and Popular Politics: Some Regional Case Studies’, in Clyve Jones, ed., Britain in the First Age of Party, 1680–1750: Essays Presented to Geoffrey Holmes (1987), pp. 140–41.
253. Luttrell, I, 279.
254. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 420 (13 Oct. 1683).
255. A True Account of the Presentment of the Grand Jury for the Last General Assizes held for the County of Northampton (1683); L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 385 (11 Aug. 1683); Morrice, P, 378; CSPD, Jul.-Sep. 1683, p. 307 (which lists the total as 52).
256. Luttrell, I, 322.
257. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 420 (13 Oct. 1683); Morrice, P, 378; Keeton, Jeffreys, p. 170; Luttrell, I, 284.
258. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 420 (13 Oct. 1683); Luttrell, I, 283–4.
259. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 444 (26 Nov. 1683).
260. Somerset RO, DD/SF/1697.
261. Robert Willman, ‘The Origins of “Whig” and “Tory” in English Political Language’, HJ, 17 (1974), 247–64.
262. Hunt. Lib., HA 9614, newsletter, 13 Dec. 1681.
263. Speech of Robert Clerk.
264. CSPD, 1682, p. 525.
265. Magdalene College Library, Cambridge, Ferrar Papers 615, 23 Mar. 1682.
266. True Prot. Merc., no. 176 (9–13 Sep. 1682).
267. CSPD, 1682, pp. 381–2.
268. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 75 (10 Nov. 1681).
269. CSPD, 1682, p. 54.
270. The Works of George Savile, Marquis of Halifax, ed. Mark N. Brown (3 vols., Oxford, 1989), I, 178–249.
271. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 240 (13 Nov. 1682).
272. A Collection of Cases and other Discourses lately written to Recover the Dissenters to the Communion of the Church of England, by some Divine of the City of London (2 vols., 1685).
273. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 242 (16 Nov. 1682).
274. Ibid., no. 240 (13 Nov. 1682).
275. Ibid., no. 264 (27 Dec. 1682).
276. Holdsworth, English Law, VI, 509.
277. North, Lives, II, 101–2.
278. Character of a Church-Trimmer (1683).
279. An Account of the Design of the Late Narrative, Entituled, The Dissenters New Plot [1690].
280. Thomas Hunt, A Defence of the Charter [1683], p. 26; John Dryden, The Vindication; Or, The Parallel of the French Holy-League and the English League and Covenant (1683), p. 26.
281. Nicholas Adee, A Plot for the Crown, In a Visitation-Sermon, At Cricklade, May the Fifteenth, 1682 (1685), p. 16.
282. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 247 (25 Nov. 1682).
283. Ibid., no. 264 (27 Dec. 1682).
284. Presentments of the Grand-Jury for the Town and Borough of Southwark (1683).
285. Tim Harris, ‘Was the Tory Reaction Popular?: Attitudes of Londoners towards the Persecution of Dissent, 1681–6’, London Journal, 13 (1988), 106–20; Mark Goldie and John Spurr, ‘Politics and the Restoration Parish: Edward Fowler and the Struggle for St. Giles Cripplegate’, English Historical Review, 109 (1994), 572–96; John Spurt, “‘Latitudinarianism” and the Restoration Church’, HJ, 31 (1988), 61–82.
286. Edward Fowler, The Great Wickedness, And Mischievous Effects of Slandering (1685), preface; Edward Fowler, A Discourse of Offences. Delivered in Two Sermons (1683), epistle dedicatory; ‘Edward Fowler’, in DNB.
1. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 273 (17 Jan. 1683).
2. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 1.
3. Brown, Kingdom or Province?, p. 158.
4. A Further Account of the Proceedings against the Rebels in Scotland (1679), p. 1.
5. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 74, 77–8; Hewison, Covenanters, II, 317; Houston, Social Change, p. 52.
6. BL, Add. MSS 63,057B, fol. 53.
7. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 75–6 and app. 31, p. 27.
8. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 81 and apps. 31–3, pp. 27–9; Steele, III, no. 2470.
9. Lond. Gaz., nos. 1463 (24–27 Nov. 1679), 1467 (8–11 Dec. 1679); Greaves, Secrets, pp. 66–7.
10. NLS, Wod. Oct. XXIX, fol. 190; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 73, 112–16. For a general account of the sufferings of the Presbyterians for the period 1679–85, see Cowan Covenanters chs. 7–8.
12. RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 264–5; Steele, III, no. 2467; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 96. For the 1670 Conventicle Act, see APS, VIII, 9–10.
13. NLS, Wod. Qu. XXX, fol. 63.
14. Lauderdale Papers, III, 181–2. For the act of 1661, see APS, VII, 44–6
15. Lauderdale Papers, III, 182–5; CSPD, 1679–80, p. 296; Life of James II, I, 576–8; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 111.
16. Lond. Gaz., nos. 1464 (21 Nov.-i Dec. 1679), 1465 (1–4 Dec. 1679); HMC, Dartmouth, I, 38; Life of James II, I, 576; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 110
17. HMC, Dartmouth, I, 41; Dalrymple, Memoirs, I, ‘Review’, p. 332; Buckroyd, Church and State, pp. 132–3; Hutton, Charles II, p. 387.
18. Burnet, HOT, p. 337.
19. CSPD, 1679–80, p. 399.
20. RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 399–400; Lond. Gaz., no. 1489 (23–26 Feb. 1679[/80]).
21. RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 381–2; Lond. Gaz., no. 1485 (9–12 Feb. 1679[/80]).
22. RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 459–62; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 119–22; A Collection of Letters Addressed by Prelates and Individuals of High Rank in Scotland and by Two Bishops of Soder and Man to Sancroft Archbishop of Canterbury, ed. William Nelson Clarke (Edinburgh, 1848), pp. 8–9, 13–15; Cowan, Covenanters, p. 107.
23. See above, pp. 198–9.
24. Steele, III, no. 2488; RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 482–5.
25. RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 511, 573–5, 583; Bodl., MS Carte 228, fol. 159; NLS, Wod. Qu. XXX, fol. 80v; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 111, 117; Fountainhall, Observes, pp. 7–8, 26–7; NLS, MS 7009, fols. 68, 70; [Shields], Hind Let Loose, pp. 195–6; Edinburgh Gazette, no. 2 (7–14 Dec. 1680); Burnet, HOT, pp. 337–8; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 180–83; Cowan, Covenanters, pp. 105–6; Greaves, Secrets, pp. 69–75.
26. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 73.
27. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 1, 21.
28. ST, VIII, 125–8 (quote on p. 126); Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 108; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 152; RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 439–40, 520–21, 535–6; BL, Add. MSS 32,095, fol. 206; CSPD, 1679–80, p. 577. For the act of 1587, see APS III, 450.
29. RPCS, 1678–80, p. 565.
30. A True Narrative of the Reception of their Royal Highnesses at their Arrival in Scotland [Edinburgh, London and Dublin, 1680]; RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 565–7; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 153; Lond. Gaz., no. 1561 (1–4 Nov. 1680).
31. See above, pp. 187–8.
32. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 153.
33. Letters to Sancroft, pp. 21–4.
34. RPCS, 1678–80, pp. 567–8; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 114.
35. NLS, Wod. Qu. XXX, fol. 81; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 154.
36. A True and Exact Relation of His Royal Highness, James Duke of York and Albany, his Progress from Edinburgh to Linlithgow, from thence to Strivling [sic] (Edinburgh, 1681), pp. 2, 3; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 219; HMC, Dartmouth, I, 56.
37. Lond. Gaz., no. 1623 (6–9 Jun. 1681); Fountainhall, Observes, p. 40; Marguerite Wood and Helen Armet, Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh 1681 to 1689 (Edinburgh, 1984), pp. 15–16; Luttrell, I, 94; Houston, Social Change, p. 49.
38. Life of James II, 1, 683.
39. NLS, Wod. Qu. XXX, fol. 94.
40. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 146, 150–51, 157; HMC, Dartmouth, I, 66; Sir George Mackenzie, A True and Plain Account of the Discoveries made in Scotland, of the Late Conspiracies against His Majesty and the Government (1685, London edn), pp. 1, 3.
41. Fountainhall, Observes, pp. 41–2, 46–7; Burnet, HOT, p. 338; Life of James II, I, 683–4. Some of York's supporters suggested that he should be given the title of viceroy, as more suitable to his station than that of commissioner, but it was objected that viceroys were only ever sent to conquered kingdoms, never to independent crowns. For the acts of 1567 and 1609, see APS, III, 24, and IV, 429–30.
42. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 157; Lond. Gaz., no. 1640 (4–8 Aug. 1681).
43. Steele, III, no. 2502; RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 93–4.
44. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 148; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 183–7; ST, X, 791–920; Greaves, Secrets, p. 75.
45. APS, VIII, 236; His Majesties Gracious Letter to His Parliament of Scotland: With the Speech of His Royal Highness the Duke… Together with the Parliaments most Loyal and Dutiful Answer (1681).
46. BL, Add. MSS 11,252, fol. 8.
47. WYAS, MX/R/19/3: ‘Account of the Proceedings of the Scottish Parliament’, 10–13 Aug. 1681.
48. NLS, Adv. MS 31.6.15, fols. 206–9; NAS, PA 7/11, pp. 299–300, 305; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 190; [Sir James Stewart], The Case of the Earl of Argyle ([Edinburgh?], 1683), pp. 1–2; ST, VIII, 846–51; Mackenzie, True and Plain Account, p. 2.
49. NAS, PA 7/11, pp. 29, 307; APS, VIII, 238.
50. Lond. Gaz., no. 1643 (I5–18 Aug. 1681); Burnet, HOT, p. 338; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 190–91.
51. APS, VIII, 238; An Act Acknowledging and Asserting the Right of Succession to the Imperial Crown of Scotland (1681); Lond. Gaz., no. 1644 (18–22 Aug. 1681).
52. APS, III, 23.
53. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 157; Colquhoun, ‘Issue’, pp. 157–60. For the act of 1567, see APS, III, 23.
54. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 149.
55. APS, VIII, 240–41.
56. Ibid., p. 247.
57. NLS, Adv. 31.6.15, fol. 242v.
58. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 152.
59. APS, VIII, 242.
60. Ibid., pp. 350–51.
61. Ibid., p. 352.
62. BL, Add. MSS 63,057B, fol. 61v.
63. NAS, PA 7/11, pp. 32–3, 282; Burnet, HOT, p. 340; Life of James II, I, 696.
64. All quotes from the Test Act are from APS, VIII, 243–5.
65. APS, VIII, 355.
66. [Stewart], Case of… Argyle, p. 3; ST, VIII, 857–9; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 195; Burnet, HOT, 340.
67. NLS, Adv. 31.6.15, fol. 242.
68. Sir James Dalrymple of Stair, An Apology… for Himself (Edinburgh, 1690), sig. Av.
69. For the 1560 Confession of Faith and the ratification of 1567, see APS, II, 526–34, and III, 14–22.
70. RPCS, 1681–2, p. 198; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 196; [Stewart], Case of… Argyle, p. 38; Lond. Gaz., no. 1656 (29 Sep.–3 Oct. 1681).
71. Stair, Apology, sigs. A2-A3; ST, X, 967–8.
72. RPCS, 1681–2; pp. 202, 229, 233–4, 238, 306; Morrice, P, 315, 325; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 158; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 196–7, 224–5; Greaves, Secrets, p. 80.
73. Lauderdale Papers, III, 192–4; [Stewart], Case of… Argyle, p. 1; ST, VIII, 844–6; Burnet, HOT, 338.
74. Mackenzie, True and Plain Account, p. 3; Sprat, True Account, p. 12.
75. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 242–5; Fountainhall, Observes, pp. 53–5; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 160, 166–7; BL, Add. MSS 32,095, fol. 205v; Hunt. Lib. HA 9614, newsletter, 13 Dec. 1681; ST, VIII, 843–990; [Stewart], Case of… Argyle; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 244–5, 281–2; Burnet, HOT, pp. 342–3; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 205–17 and apps. 69–71, pp. 63–79; Life of James II, I, 708–10; Andrew Lang, Sir George Mackenzie, King's Advocate, of Rosehaugh, His Life and Times 1636(?)–1691 (1909), ch. 14; John Willcock, A Scots Earl in Covenanting Times: Being the Life and Times of Archibald, 9th Earl of Argyll (1629–1685) (Edinburgh, 1907), chs. 12–14.
76. An Account of the Arraignment, Tryal, Escape, and Condemnation, of the Dog of Heriot's Hospital in Scotland (1682); Fountainhall, Observes, p. 55 and app. 4, pp. 303–10 (quote on p. 306); Lond. Gaz., no. 1688 (19–23 Jan. 1681[/2]). Cf. [Northleigh], Parallel, p. 5.
77. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 199–201, ‘Ministers of Aberdeen their Objections against the Test’; RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 254–5.
78. ST, VIII, 894–6. See also ‘A Paraphrase of the Test emitted by one of the conformed Clergy’, in [Stewart], Case of… Argyle, pp. 28–35.
79. RPCS, 1681–2, p. 239.
80. True Prot. Merc., no. 96 (3–7 Dec. 1681); Letters to Sancroft, p. 54.
81. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 203; Burnet, HOT, pp. 341–2; Fountainhall, Observes, p. 53.
82. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 253, 262, 274–5.
83. Ibid., pp. 301, 343.
84. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 203; Burnet, HOT, pp. 341–2; Cowan, Covenanters, p. 109; Colquhoun, ‘Issue’, pp. 213–14.
85. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 398–400, 422–3; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 176–7, 182–3.
86. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 449, 459–61, 588; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 185; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 234–5; True Prot. Merc., no. 152 (17–21 Jun. 1682).
87. RPCS, 1681–2, p. 306.
88. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 224.
89. CSPD, 1682, p. 27.
90. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 220, 235, 249, 255–7, 263, 265, 273–4, 421, 504, 548, 597; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 161, 164.
91. RPCS, 1681–2, p. 304.
92. CSPD, 1682, p. 185.
93. Lond. Gaz., no. 1661 (17–20 Oct. 1681); Luttrell, I, 138; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 219.
94. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 69 (27 Oct. 1681); Fountainhall, Observes, pp. 49–50.
95. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 51; Current Intelligence, no. 61 (19–22 Nov. 1681).
96. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 129 (16 Mar. 1681[/2]); CSPD, 1682, p. 124.
97. Luttrell, I, 185.
98. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 165 (8 Jun. 1682).
99. Brown, Kingdom or Province?, p. 165; Macinnes, ‘Repression and Conciliation’; John L. Roberts, Clan, King and Covenant: History of the Highland Clans from the Civil War to the Glencoe Massacre (Edinburgh, 2000), pp. 161–3. Both John Callow, The Making of King James II (Stroud, 2000), pp. 288–90, and RPCS, 1681–2, pp. xviii–xx, present less optimistic views.
100. The Copy of a Letter Sent from Scotland, To His Grace The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury (Edinburgh, 1682); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 132 (23 Mar. 1681 [/2]). Cf. Letters to Sancroft, pp. 56–7.
101. RPCS, 1681–2, p. 432.
102. Plea for Succession, p. 2. See above, pp. 251–2.
103. Burnet, HOT, p. 343; [Andrewes], Gentle Reflection, p. 7; Modest Account of the Present Posture, pp. 5, 9.
104. Morrice, P, 334, 427, 437, 441; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 192; Hutton, Charles II, pp. 413–14; Cowan, Covenanters, p. 114.
105. Fountainhall, Observes, pp. 127–35; Morrice, P, 441; Burnet, HOT, pp. 377–8; Hutton, Charles II, pp. 430–31.
106. CSPD, Jan.–Jun. 1683, p. 243.
107. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 87.
108. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 222; Greaves, Secrets, p. 81.
109. NLS, Wod. Qu. XXXVIII, fols. 5v-6; Edinburgh University Library, La. II. 89, fols. 137–8; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 222; [Shields], Hind Let Loose, p. 143. For the Rutherglen and Sanquhar declarations, see above, pp. 196, 198.
110. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 310–13, 329–30, 333–4, 342; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 227; CSPD, 1682, pp. 39, 43; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 169–71; Fountainhall, Observes, p. 58; Letters to Sancroft, p. 54; Morrice, P, 324; Luttrell, I, 162; True Prot. Merc., nos. 115 (8–11 Feb. 1681[/2]), 124 (11–15 Mar. 1681[/2]); Loy. Prot. Int., no. 116 (11 Feb. 1681[/2]); HMC, Dartmouth, I, 45; [Shields], Hind Let Loose, pp. 143, 197; [Monro], History, p. 42.
111. RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 326–7, 358, 362, 368–9, 373.
112. True Prot. Merc., no. 153 (21–24 Jun. 1682).
113. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 185.
114. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 236–7, 279; [Rule], Vindication… Being an Answer to a Paper, p. 27; RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 572–4; RPCS, 1683–4, pp 244, 302–3.
115. RPCS, 1683–4, p. 70; HMC, Hamilton, p. 166.
116. RPCS, 1683–4, pp 133–8; Burnet, HOT, pp. 93–5.
117. CSPD, 1682, p. 485.
118. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 170 (20 Jun. 1682).
119. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 87.
120. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, chs. 6–7, passim; Cowan, Covenanters, pp. 112–17; Greaves, Secrets, pp. 82–4.
121. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 201.
122. Ibid., pp. 183–4, 187. Fountainhall, however, thought the soldiers were guilty of hamesucken – ‘the felonious seeking and invasion of a person in his own dwelling house’ – the penalty for which was death.
123. HMC, Hamilton, p. 167. Cf. NLS, MS 7009, fol. 121, for the Marquis of Tweeddale's tenants in Peebles bringing depositions against Meldrum for quartering of troops.
124. See, for example RPCS, 1681–2, pp. 327–9, 372, 392, 487; True Prot. Merc., no. 133 (12–15 Apr. 1682).
125. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 128 (14 Mar. 1681[/2]; CSPD, 1682, p. 118. See above, p. 243.
126. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 96.
127. ST, X, 990–1046; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 385–6; NAS, PA7/12, pp. 7–9, 14–23; Melvilles and Leslies, I, 199–201.
128. CSPD, 1683–4, PP. 65–7.
129. For the trials of the Scottish Rye House plotters, see Greaves, Secrets, pp. 241–6.
130. ST, X, 919–88; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 379–85; Burnet, HOT, pp. 376–7; NAS, PA7/12, p. 6.
131. CSPD, 1684–5, P. 55.
132. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 167.
133. RPCS, 1684, pp. 68–9, 73, 94, 98–9; [Sir George Mackenzie], The Laws and Customes of Scotland (2nd edn, Edinburgh, 1699), pp. 261–2, 272–3; Sir James Dalrymple of Stair, The Institutions of the Law of Scotland (1693), p. 699; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 386; Burnet, HOT, p. 378; John Langbein, Torture and the Law of Proof (Chicago, 1977), esp. pp. 12–16. Both Mackenzie and Stair concurred that defendants could not be required to swear against themselves when life and limb was at stake.
134. For further details concerning Spence, see Oxford DNB.
135. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 299–301; Fountainhall, Observes, p. 136; Morrice, P, 441–2; Burnet, HOT, pp. 378–9; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 386–7; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 271–2.
136. RPCS, 1684, pp. 142–4, 159–60; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 302–3; State Papers and Letters addressed to William Carstares, ed. Joseph Maccormick (Edinburgh, 1774), pp. 18–20; Mackenzie, Plain and True Account, p. 28; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 387–94; ST, X, 683–96; Burnet, HOT, p. 379.
137. ST, X, 647–724; NAS, RH13/20, pp. 332–8; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 394–400; Burnet, HOT, pp. 379–80; Luttrell, I, 324; Carstares State Papers, pp. 20, 793. For Baillie, see Oxford DNB.
138. RPCS, 1683–4, pp. 272–3, 318–19, 504; HMC, Hamilton, p. 165.
139. RPCS, 1684, pp. 55–6; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 343–4.
140. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 347–8.
141. Ibid., pp. 400–403; BL, Add. MSS 37,951, fols. 67–8; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 301–3; Fountainhall, Observes, p. 138.
142. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 376–8; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 299, 301; Fountainhall, Observes, p. 136; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 263; Hewison, Covenanters, II, 434–5; Cowan, Covenanters, pp. 118–19; RPCS, 1684, pp. xiixiv and passim.
143. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 363–4.
144. Burnet, HOT, pp. 377–8; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 336–7. For the 1663 Recusancy Act, see APS, VII, 455.
145. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 339.
146. Ibid., p. 445.
147. Ibid., pp. 406–7, 416–17.
148. NAS, GD 224/171/1 p. 117.
149. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 430–31 and app. 99, pp. 137–8; [Monro], History, p. 43.
150. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 141; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 311; Luttrell, I, 322; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 431–2; BL, Add. MSS 28, 875, fol. 411.
151. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 449, 467–8; Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 320; RPCS, 1684–5, p. 109. Wodrow's account of the murder of Peirson is that a contingent of Society People knocked on the minister's door simply to invite him to come and talk with some of their friends about his persecuting them; Peirson attacked them with arms, so they shot him in self-defence.
152. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 309; Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 431; RPCS, 1684–5, p. 25.
153. RPCS, 1684–5, pp. 32–3, 35–6.
154. Ibid., pp. 48–50, 51–2.
155. Ibid., pp. 84–6.
156. Ibid., p. 107.
157. Rosalind Mitchison, Lordship to Patronage; Scotland, 1603–1745 (1983), p. 78.
158. NLS, Wod. Qu. XXXVIII, fol. 49.
159. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 505–7; [Gilbert Rue], A Vindication of the Church of Scotland; Being an Answer to Five Pamphlets (1691), II, 38–9; Cowan, Covenanters, pp. 126–7.
160. True Prot. Merc., no. 182 (30 Sep.–4 Oct. 1682); Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 289.
161. [Shields], Hind Let Loose, pp. 198–9.
162. The Scottish Inquisition (1689); Brief Account of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland (1690), esp. pp. 9, 15; [Rule], Vindication… Being an Answer to a Paper, p. 27.
163. Mackenzie, Vindication, p. 8.
164. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 82.
165. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 88; Letters to Sancroft, pp. 34, 57.
166. HMC, Hamilton, p. 166.
167. NAS, GD 224/171/1, p. 115.
168. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 273 (17 Jan. 1682[/3]).
169. Ibid., no. 293 (21 Feb. 1682[/3]).
170. Fountainhall, Decisions, I, 301.
171. [Thomas Morer], An Account of the Present Persecution of the Church in Scotland (1690), pp. 7–8.
172. HMC, Hamilton, p. 166.
173. Fountainhall, Observes, p. 87. Cf. Burnet, HOT, p. 345.
174. Jackson, Restoration Scotland, pp. 154–5. For the Scottish settlement in North America, see Ned Landsman, Scotland and its First American Colony 1683–1785 (Princeton, 1985); Ned Landsman, ‘Nation, Migration and the Province in the First British Empire: Scotland and the Americas 1600–1800’, American Historical Review, 104 (1999), 463–75.
175. Sir George Mackenzie, Jus Regium (2nd edn, 1684), pp. 13, 41, 47, 67.
176. Ibid., pp. 50–51, 54.
177. Ibid., pp. 80–81, 86.
178. Ibid., pp. 141, 154, 162, 184–6.
1. Speech of Archbishop Boyle to the Earl of Arran, Dublin, 3 May 1682: HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 360–61.
2. English Historical Documents, vol. 18: 1660–1714, ed. Andrew Browning (Oxford, 1953), pp. 744–5; Cullen, ‘Economic Trends’; Simms, ‘The Restoration’, pp. 443–5, 448; J. G. Simms, War and Politics in Ireland, 1649–1730, ed. D.W. Hayton and Gerard O'Brien (1986), pp. 49–63; Foster, Modern Ireland, pp. 126–37.
3. Steele, II, no. 889; HMC, Ormonde, II, 350.
4. Steele, II, nos. 891, 895, 897; HMC, Ormonde, II, 352, 356.
5. Steele, II, nos. 898, 903, 913, 917; HMC, Ormonde, II, 357, 359.
6. Beckett, Making, pp. 133–4; Connolly, Religion, p. 32; Hutton, Charles II, pp. 362, 370.
7. TCD, 1995–2008/1b; BL, Sloane MS 1008, fol. 197; CSPD, 1679–80, pp. 71–3.
8. BL, Add. MSS 21, 135, fols. 62–3.
9. TCD, 1995–2008/3a.
10. BL, Add. MSS 32,095, fol. 186.
11. HMC, Ormonde, II, 291–2; David Fitzgerald, A Narrative of the Irish Plot, for the Betraying that Kingdom into the Hands of the French (1680).
12. NLI, MS 4201, p. 257.
13. Steele, II, no. 904.
14. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 40 (23 Jul. 1681); True Prot. Merc., no. 27 (26–30 Mar. 1681) HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 1, 38–9, 42, 43, 45, 57, 380, and VII, 174, 181.
15. Gillespie, ‘Presbyterian Revolution’, p. 165; Greaves, God's Other Children, pp. 115–17.
16. CSPD, 1678, pp. 428–9; HMC, Ormonde, NS, IV, 206.
17. CSPD, 1679–80, pp. 173, 179; Steele, II, no. 906.
18. Kilroy, Protestant Dissent, pp. 236–8.
19. Reid, History of the Presbyterian Church, II, app. 10, pp. 571–3; CSPD, 1679–80, pp. 193–4, 254–5, 576–7; Greaves, Secrets, p. 374, n. 57; Greaves, God's Other Children, p. 118; Kilroy, Protestant Dissent, p. 237.
20. BL, MS Sloane 1008, fol. 275.
21. Ibid., fol. 301.
22. Bodl., MS Carte 39, fols. 363–4.
23. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 125 (7 Mar. 1681[/2]).
24. True Prot. Merc., no. 174 (2–6 Sep. 1682).
25. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, xxvii, 216–17; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 64.
26. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 1 (9 Mar. 1680[/81]).
27. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 143 (18 Apr. 1682).
28. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 104.
29. NLI, MS 2993, pp. 19–21.
30. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, 219.
31. Steele, II, nos. 921, 922; HMC, Ormonde, II, 361.
32. Wodrow, Sufferings, II, 171; True Prot. Merc., no. 50 (25–29 Jun. 1681); Kilroy, Protestant Dissent, pp. 23–4, 238–9; Reid, History of the Presbyterian Church, II, app. 11, pp. 574–89.
33. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, xxx.
34. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 388; Bodl., MS Carte 50, fol. 287; Kilroy, Protestant Dissent, pp. 239–41.
35. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., IV, 244, 419, and V, 139, 192; Council Book of Youghall, pp. 326, 334–5, 338, 346.
36. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 166 (10 Jun. 1682).
37. Reid, History of the Presbyterian Church, II, 339–41, 589.
38. Loy. Prot. Int., no. 76 (12 Nov. 1681).
39. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 57; Loy. Prot. Int., no. 23 (24 May 1681).
40. NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 85–7. Ibid., pp. 85–170, lists 34 addresses for 1682, but does not include those from the corporation of Dublin, County Cavan, Monaghan, Strabane, County Armagh, New Ross, County Tyrone, Maryborough, and County Antrim found in Lond. Gaz., nos. 1714 (2–24 Apr. 1682) to 1751 (28–31 Aug. 1682).
41. Bodl., MS Carte 39, fol. 359.
42. NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 88–92.
43. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, 232–4.
44. Council Books of Waterford, p. 220; NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 112–14.
45. NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 94, 97, 99.
46. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 57, 62.
47. Hunt. Lib., HA 14570, [Earl of Conway] to Sir George Rawdon, 6 May 1682.
48. Ibid., HA 15511, Thomas Parnell to Sir George Rawdon, 9 May 1682.
49. Ibid., HA 15010, County Down, Address to the King, 27 Apr. 1682.
50. NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 166–8.
51. Bodl., MS Carte 168, fol. 4; Bodl., MS Carte 219, fol. 332; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 365; NLI, MS 11,960, p. 170.
52. NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 169–70.
53. Ibid., pp. 122–3.
54. Bodl., MS Carte 168, fol. 4; NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 139–40.
55. The quotes are taken from the addresses of the town of Kildare and the corporation of Waterford: NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 114–15.
56. Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, 228–31, 243; Council Books of Waterford, p. 222; Bodl., MS Carte 39, fol. 564; Simms, ‘The Restoration’, p. 438.
57. Bodl., MS Carte 168, pp. 1–4; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 359; CSPD, 1682, pp. 196, 198; Fountainhall, Observes, I, 69–70.
58. CSPD, 1682, pp. 325, 345–7, 384–6; CSPD, Jan.–Jul. 1683, pp. 13–14, 17–18, 27–9, 34, 62–4, 92, 98; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 540–42, 545–6; ibid., NS, VII, 7; A True Narrative of the Late Plot in Ireland (1683).
59. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 464. Cf. ibid., 539. In the end no Irish parliament was called, because it was thought that indirect taxes in Ireland were already so high that the kingdom would not be able to support the burden of a parliamentary subsidy: HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 98–9.
60. Ibid., NS, VII, 63, 65.
61. Greaves, Secrets, pp. 191–2, 194.
62. Ibid., p. 191.
63. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VI, 500–501, 504, 505, 507, 509, 513, 519–20, 525, 526 (quotes on pp. 509, 513, 520).
64. Ibid., NS, VII, 107.
65. Karsten, ‘Plotters and Proprietors’.
66. NLI, MS 4909, fols. 31, 34v.
67. Hunt. Lib., HA 360, Robert Ayleway to the Earl of Huntingdon, 30 Jun. 1683; CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, p. 17.
68. Bodl., MS Carte 219, fol. 488; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 76.
69. CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, pp. 202, 268; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 76, 89, 95, 96, 102, 107, 108, 121, 124, 200–201, 314–15 (quotes on pp. 95, 107, 108, 124); Hunt. Lib., HA 15690, Sir George Rawdon et al. to Captain Ralph Smith, 30 Jul. 1683.
70. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 121, 314–15.
71. Bodl., MS Carte 219, fols. 522–3; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 115, 119, 124.
72. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 139, 152–4 (quote on p. 152).
73. Ibid., pp. 311–13; BL, Lansdowne MS 1152A, fol. 152.
74. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 61–2, 67, 68, 74, 96, 99, 132 (quote on p. 132); CSPD, Jul.–Sep. 1683, p. 268.
75. TCD, MS 1688/1, pp. 61–93 (quotes on pp. 70, 77).
76. Steele, II, no. 928; CSPD, Jul.-Sep. 1683, pp. 225, 229, 267–8.
77. John Vesey, A Sermon Preached at Clonmel, on Sunday the Sixteenth of September, 1683. At the Assizes Held for the County Palatine of Tipperary (Dublin, 1683), quotes on pp. 12–13, 15, 20.
78. NLI, MS 11,960, pp. 171–223, lists 47 addresses but does not mention those from the corporation of Dublin, Tralee (Co. Kerry), Youghall, and Counties Carlow and Wexford: Cal. Anc. Rec. Dub., V, 283; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 86–7, 110; Council Book of Youghall, p. 361; Lond. Gaz., no. 1867 (8–11 Oct. 1683).
79. Council Books of Waterford, pp. 237–8.
80. NLI, MS 2993, p. 45.
81. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 152.
82. Morrice, P, 382.
83. HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 209.
84. CSPD, 1684–5, pp. 114–15; BL, Lansdowne MS 1152A, fols. 182–3.
85. Hunt. Lib., HA 14593, John Corbett to Sir Arthur Rawdon, 18 Nov. 1684; HMC, Ormonde, NS, VII, 293–4; Greaves, Secrets, pp. 265–6.
1. A True Relation of the Late King's Death (1685); Richard Hudleston, A Short and Plain Way to the Faith and Church (1688), pp. 35–8; Morrice, P, 455–6; Evelyn, Diary, IV, 405–9; M. L. Wolbarsht and D. S. Sax, ‘Charles II, A Royal Martyr’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 16, no. 2 (Nov. 1961), 154–7; Hutton, Charles II, 443–5; Antonia Fraser, Royal Charles: Charles II and the Restoration (New York, 1979), pp. 442–57. The classic account is R. H. P. Crawfurd, The Last Days of Charles II (1909).
2. The figure is for the number of addresses printed in the Lond. Gaz., 1685–6.
3. Russell, Causes, pp. 16–17.
4. See, for example, J. J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII (1968), and G. R. Elton, ‘Politics and the Pilgrimage of Grace’, in his Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government (3 vols., 1974–83), III, 183–215, on whether the Pilgrimage of Grace was an authentic uprising of the commons.
5. L'Estrange, Observator, I, no. 411 (27 Sep. 1683).
6. Harris, London Crowds, pp. 154–5.
7. Hutton Charles II, p. 441; Childs, Army of James II, pp. 1–2.
8. William Beik, Absolutism and Society in Seventeenth-Century France (Cambridge, 1985); Roger Mettam, Power and Faction in Louis XIV's France (Oxford, 1988); Nicholas Henshaw, The Myth of Absolutism (1992); Peter Burke, The Fabrication of Louis XIV (New Haven, 1992); Guy Rowlands, The Dynastic State and the Army under Louis XIV (Cambridge, 2002).
9. Howard Nenner, By Color of Law: Legal Culture and Constitutional Politics in England, 1660–1689 (Chicago, 1977).
10. Hutton, Charles II, p. 457.