Equations to Remember

(4.1) Density:

(4.2) Weight of a volume of fluid: F_g = ρVg

(4.3) Specific gravity:

(4.4) Pressure:

(4.5) Absolute pressure: P = P₀ + ρgz

(4.6) Gauge pressure: P_gauge = P – P_atm = (P₀ + ρgz) – P_atm

(4.7) Pascal’s principle:

(4.8) Buoyant force: F_buoy = ρ_fluid V _{fluiddisplaced}g = ρ_fluid V _submergedg

(4.9) Poiseuille’s law:

(4.10) Critical speed:

(4.11) Continuity equation: Q = v₁A₁ = v₂A₂

(4.12) Bernoulli’s equation: