Notes

Prologue

  1. http://mg.co.za/article/2011-03-11-ancs-r15million-heritage-house-ripoff; http://m.news24.com/citypress/South Africa/News/The-panel-beater-shop-with-a-multimillion-rand-price-tag-20110813.
  2. www.anglo-boer.co.za/virtual tour/; Albert Grundlingh, ‘The National Women’s Monument: The Making and Mutation of Meaning in Afrikaner Memory of the South African War’, www.celat.ulaval.ca/histoire.memoire/histoire/capeI/grundlingh.htm.
  3. Martin Bossenbroek, Holland op zijn breedst. Indië en Zuid-Afrika in de Nederlandse cultuur omstreeks 1900, Amsterdam, 1996.
  4. Peter Warwick, Black People and the South African War, 1899–1902 (Cambridge, 1983). Cf. also Bill Nasson, Abraham Esau’s War: A Black South African War in the Cape, 1899–1902 (Cambridge, 1991); Johan Wassermann,‘“Sowing the Seeds of Rebellion”: Chief Bhambatha kaMancinza and the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902’, African Historical Review 39, 2 (2007), 91–106.
  5. Speech Thabo Mbeki, www.info.gov.za/speeches/1999/9910111133a1008.htm; speech Jacob Zuma, www.info.gov.za/speeches/1999/9910111133a1004.htm.
  6. See also his web page www.willemboshoff.com/documents/artworks/32000.htm.
  7. Fransjohan Pretorius, Historical Dictionary of the Anglo-Boer War (Plymouth, 2007), 107–108; cf. www.measuringworth.com/calculators/ukcompare/relativevalue.php; Martin Meredith, Diamonds, Gold and War: The Making of South Africa (London, 2007); Thomas Pakenham, The Boer War (London, 1979); H.L. Wesseling, Verdeel en heers. De deling van Afrika, 1880–1914 (Amsterdam, 1991).
  8. Keith Wilson, ed., The International Impact of the Boer War (Chesham, 2001).
  9. André van Deventer, ‘Gebruik van rolprent as ’n massa-medium tydens die ABO’, lecture Anglo-Boereoorlog Museum, 24 September 2011; Stephen Badsey, ‘The Boer War as a Media War’, in Peter Dennis and Jeffrey Gredy, eds., The Boer War: Army, Nation and Empire (Canberra, 2000), 70–83; Stephen Bottomore, Filming, Faking and Propaganda: The Origins of the War Film, 1897–1902 (Utrecht 2007); Vincent Kuitenbrouwer, A War of Words: Dutch Pro-Boer Propaganda and the South African War (1899–1902) (Amsterdam, 2010); Kenneth O. Morgan, ‘The Boer War and the Media (1899–1902)’, Twentieth Century British History 13 (2002), 1–16.
  10. S.B. Spies, Methods of Barbarism? Roberts and Kitchener and Civilians in the Boer Republics: January 1900–May 1902 (Cape Town, 1977).
  11. Greg Cuthbertson and A.M. Grundlingh, eds., Writing a Wider War: Rethinking Gender, Race, and Identity in the South African War, 1899–1902 (Athens, 2002); Hermann Giliomee, The Afrikaners: Biography of a People (London, 2011); Alwin de Jong, Wil de ware Afrikaner opstaan? De Boerenoorlog als ijkpunt van nationalisme in Zuid-Afrika (1815–1925), Bachelor’s thesis, University of Utrecht, 2012; Lindie Koorts, D.F. Malan: A Political Biography (Cape Town, 2010); Peter Limb, The ANC’s Early Years: Nation, Class and Place in South Africa before 1940 (Pretoria, 2010); Shula Marks and Stanley Trapido, eds., The Politics of Race, Class and Nationalism in Twentieth-Century South Africa (London, 1987); David Omissi and Andrew S. Thompson, eds., The Impact of the South African War (Basingstoke, 2002); Hans Erik Stolten, ed., History Making and Present Day Politics: The Meaning of Collective Memory in South Africa (Uppsala, 2007); Christi van der Westhuizen, White Power: The Rise and Fall of the National Party (Cape Town, 2007); Nigel Worden, The Making of Modern South Africa: Conquest, Apartheid, Democracy (Oxford, 2012).
  12. Bill Nasson, The War for South Africa: The Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) (Cape Town, 2010); Pakenham, The Boer War; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers.
  13. See below, p. 119–120.
  14. P.J. van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders. Geschiedenis van de Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (Amsterdam, 1937); B.J.H. de Graaff, De mythe van de stamverwantschap. Nederland en de Afrikaners 1902–1930 (Amsterdam, 1993); Chris A.J. van Koppen, De geuzen van de negentiende eeuw. Abraham Kuyper en Zuid-Afrika (Maarssen, 1992); R. Kuiper, Zelfbeelden wêreldbeeld. Antirevolutionairen en het buitenland, 1848–1905 (Kampen, 1992); M. Kuitenbrouwer, Nederland en de opkomst van het modern imperialisme (Amsterdam, 1985); G.J. Schutte, De Boerenoorlog na honderd jaar. Opstellen over het veranderende beeld van de Anglo-Boerenoorlog (1899–1902) (Amsterdam, 1997); G.J. Schutte, Nederland en de Afrikaners. Adhesie en Aversie: Over Stamverwantschap, Boerenvrienden, Hollanderhaat, Calvinisme en Apartheid (Franeker, 1986).

Part I: For a good cause

  1. Martin Bossenbroek, ‘Geschiedschrijving als hoger beroep. Willem Johannes Leyds, advocaat van de Boeren (1859–1940)’, in M.Ph. Bossenbroek, M.E.H.N. Mout and C. Musterd, eds., Historici in de politiek (Leiden, 1996), 191–211, 192–194; Kees van Hoek, Kruger Days: Reminiscences of Dr. W.J. Leyds (London, 1939), 2–4; F. Netscher, ‘Dr. W.J. Leyds’, in Netscher, Karakters (Haarlem, 1899), 112–138, 129–133; L.E. van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand. Biografie van dr. W.J. Leyds (Pretoria, 1985), 11–19.
  2. Van Koppen, Geuzen, 26–28; Schutte, Nederland, 9–24.
  3. F. Lion Cachet, De worstelstrijd der Transvalers aan het volk van Nederland verhaald (Amsterdam, 1882), 561; see also Bossenbroek, Holland, 66–67, 259–260; Van Koppen, Geuzen, 69–103; Kuiper, Zelfbeeld, 124–133; Kuitenbrouwer, Nederland, 118–121; Kuitenbrouwer, War of Lords, 24–34; Schutte, Nederland, 24–29.
  4. W.J. Leyds, De eerste annexatie van de Transvaal (Amsterdam, 1906), 366–382; Nasson, The War, 42–44; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 345–348.
  5. Stuart Cloete, African Portraits: A Biography of Paul Kruger, Cecil Rhodes and Lobengula, Last King of the Matabele (London, 1946), 159–161; Leyds, Eerste annexatie, 402–403; Nasson, The War, 44.
  6. De Standaard, 14 November 1883, cited in Van Koppen, Geuzen, 116–132.
  7. Bossenbroek, Holland, 175–177, 323; Van Koppen, Geuzen, 116–132.
  8. Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 48–80.
  9. Van Koppen, Geuzen, 110–114; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 16–17; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 65–66.
  10. Bossenbroek, ‘Geschiedschrijving’, 194; Van Hoek, Kruger Days, 3–4; W.J. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren in Zuid-Afrika 1884–1889. Intieme correspondentie van mevrouw Louise W.S. Leyds-Roeff en dr. W.J. Leyds, bestemd voor familie en belangstellenden (’s-Gravenhage, 1938), 1–2; Netscher, ‘Dr. W.J. Leyds’, 129–132; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 17–19.
  11. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 22–25.
  12. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 3–4, 25, 60; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 144–146.
  13. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 6–9, 25, 58.
  14. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 9–25, 60–63.
  15. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 25–29.
  16. Van Hoek, Kruger Days, 5–7; Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 25–29; C.J. van der Loo, De geschiedenis der Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (Transvaal) aan het volk verteld (Zwolle, 1896), 78–80, 167–190; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 31–33.
  17. Giliomee, Afrikaners, 215–223; Van Koppen, Geuzen, 92–94, 135–137; Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 25–29; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 31–33.
  18. Giliomee, Afrikaners, 228, 231; Van Hoek, Kruger Days, 5–6; Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 17, 25–30; Lion Cachet, Worstelstrijd, 349–351, 399–404; Meredith, Diamonds, 74–78; Antony Preston, Geïllustreerde geschiedenis van Zuid-Afrika (Alphen aan den Rijn, 1995), 63.
  19. Cloete, African Portraits, 25–84; Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 30–32; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 5–15, 50–54.
  20. Cloete, African Portraits, 162–167; Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 30–32; W.J. Leyds, Het insluiten van de Boeren-Republieken (Amsterdam, 1914), passim; S.M. Molema, The Bantu Past and Present (Cape Town, 1963), 43–54; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 50–54; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 348–349.
  21. J.A. Heese, Die herkoms van die Afrikaner 1657–1867 (Cape Town, 1971); Molema, Bantu Past and Present, 35–60; Robert Ross, A Concise History of South Africa (Cambridge, 2008), 5–37.
  22. Ross, A Concise History, 37–58; John J. Stephens, Fuelling the Empire: South Africa’s Gold and the Road to War (Chichester, 2003), 54–86.
  23. Meredith, Diamonds, 22–59; Ross, A Concise History, 59–67; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 333–335.
  24. Meredith, Diamonds, 63–104; Ross, A Concise History, 64–70; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 334–341.
  25. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 74–76, 79, 91.
  26. Meredith, Diamonds, 173–181; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 157–160.
  27. Cloete, African Portraits, 128–139; Meredith, Diamonds, 153–163; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 157–160.
  28. It was named after surveyor general Johann Rissik and mines inspector Christiaan Johannes Joubert; see Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 197.
  29. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 91–96.
  30. Charles van Onselen, Studies in the Social and Economic History of the Witwatersrand 1886–1914, 2 parts (Johannesburg, 1982), passim.
  31. Cloete, African Portraits, 136.
  32. Meredith, Diamonds, 186–193, 293; Ross, A Concise History, 70–74; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 170–181; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 356–359.
  33. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 128–129; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 34, 48–50.
  34. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 76, 80–84.
  35. Van Hoek, Kruger days, 7.
  36. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 85; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 60.
  37. Meredith, Diamonds, 170–171.
  38. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 86–90.
  39. Meredith, Diamonds, 184–185.
  40. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 111–112; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 59–60.
  41. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 94–94, 98–99, 102, 104–105; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 44–45; R.C. de Jong, G.M. van der Waal and D.H. Heydenrych, NZASM 100, 1987–1899: The Buildings, Steam Engines and Structures of the Netherlands South African Railway Company (Pretoria, 1988), 36; In memoriam NZASM (Amsterdam, 1910), 8–9; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 193–194; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 161–166.
  42. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 424–45.
  43. J.P. FitzPatrick, The Transvaal from Within: A Private Record of Public Affairs (London, 1899), 62–65.
  44. Meredith, Diamonds, 169–171; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 145–148; Stanley Trapido, ‘Imperialism, Settler Identities and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred Year Origins of the 1899 South African War’, Historia 53, 1 (2008), 59–61; Stanley Trapido, ‘Reflections on Land, Office and Wealth in the South African Republic, 1850–1900,’ Historia 53 (2008), 36–37; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 115–116; II, 33–42.
  45. Meredith, Diamonds, 296–301; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 145–148; Trapido, ‘Reflections’, 36–37; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 115–116; II, 33–42.
  46. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 128.
  47. FitzPatrick, The Transvaal from Within, 62–72; In memoriam NZASM, 8–9; De Jong et al., NZASM, 31–37; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 44–45; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 115–116; II, 33–42.
  48. Luke 11: 15–17; see also Matthew 9: 34, 12: 24–25; Mark 3: 22–25.
  49. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 131, 187.
  50. De Jong et al., NZASM, 37–39; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 46–47; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 172–175, 220–134.
  51. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 176; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 63–66.
  52. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 156; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 220–234.
  53. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 172–184, 190–191.
  54. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 186, 192; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 101–102.
  55. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 194–203.
  56. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 202, 203, 213–215.
  57. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 110–113.
  58. Bossenbroek, Holland, 95, 102, 112.
  59. Bossenbroek, Holland, 206–207; Van Koppen, Geuzen, 137–140; Kuitenbrouwer, War of Words, 29–30; Schutte, Nederland, 101–117.
  60. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 221–228.
  61. Leyds, Onze eerste jaren, 172–203.
  62. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 144–177; Schutte, Nederland, 131–133.
  63. Kuitenbrouwer, War of Words, 34–36; C.G.S. Sandberg, Twintig jaren onder Krugers Boeren in voor- en tegenspoed (Amsterdam, 1943), 61; Schutte, Nederland, 117–128; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 73–78.
  64. Schutte, Nederland, 103–108.
  65. Kuitenbrouwer, War of Words, 36–37; Sandberg, Twintig Jaren, 61; Schutte, Nederland, 114–117; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders, 247–250.
  66. Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 247–289.
  67. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 100–102; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 117–120.
  68. Meredith, Diamonds, passim; Preston, Geïllustreerde geschiedenis, 84–87; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 359–364.
  69. De Jong et al., NZASM, 44–47; Van Koppen, De Geuzen, 34–37; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 92–95; Schutte, Nederland, 134–138; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 124–149.
  70. J. Cooper-Chadwick, Three Years with Lobengula, and Experiences in South Africa (London, 1894), passim; Leyds, Het insluiten II, 195–306; Meredith, Diamonds, 207–237; Gustav S. Preller, Lobengula: The Tragedy of a Matabele King (Johannesburg, 1963), passim; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 359–376.
  71. Leyds to Beelaerts van Blokland, 11–4–1899, in Leyds Collection 30.
  72. Leyds, Het insluiten II, 66–101; Meredith, Diamonds, 207–237.
  73. Cooper-Chadwick, Three Years with Lobengula, passim; Ruth First and Ann Scott, Olive Schreiner: A Biography (New York, 1980), 225; Leyds, Het insluiten II, 243–206; Meredith, Diamonds, 207–237; Preller, Lobengula, passim; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 359–376.
  74. Leyds, Het insluiten II, 102–168, quotation 148; Meredith, Diamonds, 238–243.
  75. Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 136–149.
  76. De Jong et al., NZASM, 47–49; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 95–99; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 150–189, 223–251.
  77. Leyds to acting state secretary Van Boeschoten, 26–1–84, in Leyds Collection 31; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 99–100.
  78. Cloete, African Portraits, 261; Wilson, International Impact, 27; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 248.
  79. Leyds to Beelaerts van Blokland, 21–7–1895, in Leyds Collection 31; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 248.
  80. Leyds to Beelaerts van Blokland, 21–7–1895, in Leyds Collection 31.
  81. Jaarverslagen NZASM, 1894 and 1895; in: Archive NZASM; In Memoriam NZASM, 66–68.
  82. Lady Sarah Wilson, South African Memories: Social, Warlike and Sporting, from Diaries Written at the Time (London, 1909), 23; First and Scott, Olive Schreiner, 234.
  83. Van Hoek, Kruger Days, 20–22.
  84. Meredith, Diamonds, 291–308; Nasson, The War, 45–49; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 129–132; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 198–216; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 377–379.
  85. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 124–126; Stephens, Fuelling the Empire, 216–218.
  86. See map on pp. xx–xxi. Map of the railway network in South Africa, in Jaarverslagen NZASM, 1889; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 190–222.
  87. Meredith, Diamonds, 317–322; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 103–106; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 190–222.
  88. Leyds to acting secretary Van Boeschoten, 17–10–1895, 31–10–1895, 6–11–1895, in Leyds Collection 31.
  89. Leyds to Moltzer, 3–2–1895, 19–5–1895, in Leyds Collection 31.
  90. Leyds in diary to Louise Leyds, 26–7–1895; Louise Leyds to Leyds, 7–8–1895; Leyds to Moltzer, 13–9–1895, in Leyds Collection 31.
  91. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 17–11–1895 (twice), in Leyds Collection 31.
  92. Leyds to Moltzer, 10–11–1895, in Leyds Collection 31; Leyds’s telegram to Beelaerts van Blokland, 18–12–1895, in Leyds Collection 46; Leyds to Moltzer, 25–12–2895, in Leyds Collection 89.
  93. Leyds to Louise Leyds, 31–12–1895, 1–1–1896, in Leyds Collection 31.
  94. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 130–140.
  95. Cloete, African Portraits, 288–235; Meredith, Diamonds, 311–344; Nasson, The War, 50–51; Pakenham, The Boer War, 1–5; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 379–385; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders II, 252–268.
  96. Leyds to Louise Leyds, 5–1–1896, in Leyds Collection 31; Van Niekerk Kruger se regterhand, 139–141.
  97. Leyds to Louise Leyds, 5–1–1896, in Leyds Collection 31; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 139–141.
  98. Leyds to Louise Leyds, 29–1–1986, in Leyds Collection 31; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 142–143.
  99. Leyds to Louise Leyds, 8–2–1896, in Leyds Collection 31; Van Hoek, Kruger Days, 17–20; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 144–145.
  100. Meredith, Diamonds, 340–350; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 147–148.
  101. Leyds to the Duke of Mecklenburg, 30–5–1896, in Leyds Collection 31; Roy Mack, ‘The Great Africa Cattle Plague Epidemic of the 1980s’, Tropical Animal Health and Production (1970) 4, 210–219.
  102. Staats-almanak voor de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (1893) 56, (1897) 39, (1898) 39; Jaarverslagen NZASM, 1895, 1896; FitzPatrick, The Transvaal from Within, 71–72.
  103. Van Boeschoten to Leyds, 4–6–1896; Leyds to Kempner, 12–7–1896, in Leyds Collection 31; J.H. Breytenbach, Die geskiedenis van die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog in Suid-Afrika, 1899–1902 (Pretoria, 1969), I, 77–89.
  104. Breytenbach, Die geskiedenis I, 77–89; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 148–148; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders, 258–259.
  105. Meredith, Diamonds, 348–349.
  106. Cloete, African Portraits, 339–349; First and Scott, Olive Schreiner, 225–231; Meredith, Diamonds, 354–361.
  107. Peter J. Cain, Hobson and Imperialism: Radicalism, New Liberalism, and Finance 1887–1938 (Oxford, 2002), 59–63; Meredith, Diamonds, 349.
  108. Meredith, Diamonds, 349–353; Pakenham, The Boer War, 25–31; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 382–385.
  109. Lippert to Van Boeschoten, 2–6–1896, in Leyds Collection 31; Meredith, Diamonds, 349–353; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 145–147.
  110. Leyds to Moltzer, 16–8–1896; Moltzer to Kruger, 12–9–1896, in Leyds Collection 31.
  111. Leyds in diary to Louise Leyds, 16–2–1897, 22–2–1897, 22–2–1897, 27–2–1897, 2–3–1897, 5–3–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  112. Chamberlain to Leyds, 10–5–1897; Leyds to Chamberlain, 11–5–1897; Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 21–5–1897; Chamberlain to Sir W. Harcourt, 15–5–1897; Leyds to Chamberlain, 18–5–1897; Chamberlain to Leyds, 22–5–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  113. Leyds in diary to Louise Leyds, 17–3–1897, First draft preface to the Collection 1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  114. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 22–4–1897 and 30–4–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  115. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 30–4–1897, in Leyds Collection 32; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 153–154.
  116. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 134–135.
  117. Lord Rothschild to Leyds, 10–5–1897; Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 15–5–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  118. Chamberlain to Leyds, 10–5–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  119. Leyds to acting state secretary Van Boeschoten, 21–5–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  120. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, private, 21–5–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  121. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 2–7–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  122. Chamberlain to Leyds, 22–5–1897, 7–6–1897; Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 21–7–1897; Leyds, First draft preface to the Collection 1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  123. Leyds to Chamberlain, 14–6–1897; Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 2–7–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  124. Leyds to the Pretoria government, 25–5–1897; Leyds to the acting state secretary, 28–5–1897; Leyds to the acting state secretary, 3–6–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  125. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 1–6–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  126. Leyds to the consuls of the ZAR, 27–5–1897; Leyds to Quarles, 27–5–1897; Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 1–6–1897, in Leyds Collection 32; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 182–183.
  127. H. Andreas to Leyds, 10–5–1897; telegram Leyds to government in Pretoria, 14–6–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  128. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 1–6–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  129. Telegram government in Pretoria to Leyds, 12–6–1897; Leyds to Chamberlain, 14–6–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  130. Chamberlain to Leyds, 17–6–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  131. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 2–7–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  132. Leyds to Van Boeschoten, 15–7–1897, in Leyds Collection 32; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 162–164.
  133. Leyds to government in Pretoria, 3–8–1897; Montagu White to Leyds, 5–8–1897, in Leyds Collection 32.
  134. Leyds in diary to Louise Leyds, 27–2–1898, in Leyds Collection 35.
  135. NZASM’s tariff reductions, compiled by the foreign affairs ministry in Pretoria for the Transvaal consul in Frankfurt, 17–11–1898, in Leyds Collection 34; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 135–137.
  136. Leyds to Louise Leyds, 24–3–98, in Leyds Collection 35.
  137. W.J. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie uit 1899 (The Hague, 1919), 200–206; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 165–167.
  138. Leyds in diary to Louise Leyds, 8–3–1898, 12–3–1898, 5–4–1898, 10–4–1898, 14– 4–1898, in Leyds Collection 35; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 191–195.
  139. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 183, 194.
  140. John Darwin, The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System 1830–1970 (Cambridge, 2009), 234–235; Meredith, Diamonds, 365–373; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 387–389.
  141. Meredith, Diamonds, 374–375; W. Basil Worsfold, Lord Milner’s Work in South Africa (London, 1906), 107–114.
  142. Darwin, The Empire Project, 236–238, 243–245; Meredith, Diamonds, 378–385.
  143. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 1–2; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 184–185, 202–203.
  144. Leyds, memorandum ‘Voor de intimi’, 1898; Leyds to his brother Reinier, 9–7–1898; Leyds to Reitz, 26–8–98; Leyds to Grobler, 14–10–1898, in Leyds Collection 35; Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 231–235; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 195– 2000.
  145. Leyds to Reitz, 8–7–1898; Leyds to Reitz, 19–8–1898; Leyds to Reitz, 4–11–1898, in Leyds Collection 35; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 205–210.
  146. Leyds, memorandum ‘Voor de intimi’, 1898; Leyds to Reitz, 16–12–1898 (twice); Leyds to his mother, 16–12–1898, in Leyds Collection 35; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 198–102.
  147. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 155–157.
  148. Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 199.
  149. Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 391–392; Wilson, International Impact, 28–30, 146–148.
  150. Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 301–322; Wilson, International Impact, 72–75.
  151. Smuts to Leyds, 30–4–1899, and Grobler to Leyds, 30–4–1899, in Leyds Collection 36; Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, ix, 1, 11–13, 198–200; Darwin, The Empire Project, 238–241; Meredith, Diamonds, 387–399; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 168– 170; Pakenham, The Boer War, 52–56; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 392–396.
  152. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, vi, 2–8, 200–211.
  153. Staats-almanak voor de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (1899), 36, 51, 53.
  154. Darwin, The Empire Project, 238–238; Leyds, Eenige Correspondentie, 38–43; Darwin, The Empire Project, 389–409; Meredith, Diamonds, 389–409; Pakenham, The Boer War, 46–70; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 396–399.
  155. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 2–3, 200–211.
  156. FitzPatrick, The Transvaal from Within, passim; Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 222– 225; Pakenham, The Boer War, 71–88.
  157. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 112–115; Meredith, Diamonds, 409–415; Pakenham, The Boer War, 89–92.
  158. Meredith, Diamonds, 409–415; Pakenham, The Boer War, 92–94.
  159. Meredith, Diamonds, 402.
  160. W.K. Hancock and Jean van der Poel, eds., Selections from the Smuts Papers: Volume I, June 1886—May 1902 (Cambridge, 1966), 313–322; Pakenham, The Boer War, 102; S.B. Spies and Gail Nattrass, eds., Jan Smuts: Memoirs of the Boer War (Johannesburg, 1994), 24.
  161. The pamphlet was first published under the name of state secretary F.W. Reitz. See F.W. Reitz, Een eeuw van onrecht, 2nd impression (Dordrecht, 1900), passim.
  162. Leyds to P.G.W. Grobler, 17–8–1899, and Leyds to F.V. Engelenburg, 18–8–1899, in Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 106–109; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 172.
  163. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 2–3, 31–32, 200–211.
  164. Ibid., 16–19, 158–159.
  165. Ibid., 109–112, 118–123, 126–130, 150, 155–158, 175.
  166. Ibid., 79, 81, 171.
  167. Ibid., 30; Wilson, International Impact, 66–68.
  168. Bossenbroek, Holland, 256–257; Van Koppen, Geuzen, 150–161.
  169. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 25–26, 33, 216–218.
  170. Leyds, Eenige correspondentie, 60–66, 83–85.
  171. Ibid., 83–89, 132–149, 165–166, 172–173.
  172. Ibid., 172–173, 179, 185–186; Leyds to Lippert, 10–10–1899, in Leyds Collection, 36; cf. J.P. de Valk and M. van Faassen, eds., Dagboeken en aantekeningen van Willem Hendrik de Beaufort 1874–1918 (The Hague, 1993), 1, 34–49, 67–68.

Part II: Like a boys’ adventure story

  1. Winston S. Churchill, My Early Life, 1874–1904; with an Introduction by William Manchester (New York, 1996), 74–230; Roy Jenkins, Churchill (London, 2002), 22–50; Brian Roberts, Churchills in Africa (London, 1970); Celia Sandys, Churchill: Wanted Dead or Alive (London, 2005), 9–20.
  2. Winston S. Churchill, The Boer War: London to Ladysmith via Pretoria and Ian Hamilton’s March (London, 2002), 1–2; Churchill, My Early Life, 230–235; Omissi and Thompson, Impact, 100–105; Pakenham, Boer War, 113; Roberts, Churchills, 139; Sandys, Churchill, 21–23.
  3. See p. 119.
  4. Churchill, My Early Life, 230–235; Pieter G. Cloete, The Anglo-Boer War: A Chronology (Pretoria, 2000), 34–35; Nasson, War, 88–90; Pakenham, Boer War, 71, 76, 93, 96–98, 103, 107, 110–113; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 399–402.
  5. Churchill, My Early Life, 230–233; Roberts, Churchills, 138–139; Sandys, Churchill, 10–18.
  6. Jenkins, Churchill, 51; Roberts, Churchills, 138–139; Sandys, Churchill, 13, 16, 22.
  7. Churchill, Boer War, 1–6; Churchill, My Early Life, 234–238; Jenkins, Churchill, 51; Pakenham, Boer War, 156–157; Roberts, Churchills, 138–10; Sandys, Churchill, 22–26.
  8. J.E.H. Grobler, The War Reporter: The Anglo-Boer War through the Eyes of the Burghers (Johannesburg, 2011), 1–10; Pakenham, Boer War, 157–160.
  9. Churchill, Boer War, 7–12; Churchill, My Early Life, 239–240; Pakenham, Boer War, 166; Roberts, Churchills, 140–141; Sandys, Churchill, 22–26.
  10. Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections, 313–322.
  11. Leopold Scholtz, Waarom die Boere die oorlog verloor het (Pretoria, 1999), 28–45.
  12. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 26–31,75–76, 105–106, 153–155; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 48; Grobler, War Reporter, 2; Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections, 562; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 204–205, 445–447; Sandberg, Twintig jaren, 228; Schutte, Boerenoorlog, 40; Scholtz, Waarom, 28–43; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 400–404.
  13. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 26–31, 75–76, 105–106, 146–178; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 39, 48, 339–340; Nasson, War, 74–84; Pakenham, Boer War, 125–127; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 445–446.
  14. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 141–146; Pakenham, Boer War, 125–127; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 448–449; Wesseling, Verdeel en heers, 399–400.
  15. See above, pp. 12–13.
  16. Churchill, Boer War, 13–21; Churchill, My Early Life, 240–243; Roberts, Churchills, 140–142; Sandys, Churchill, 28–31.
  17. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 237–263; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 44–45; Grobler, War Reporter, 7; Pakenham, Boer War, 133–141; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 137–138, 220–221; Scholtz, Waarom, 47–55.
  18. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 62–68; Hans Jannasch, Onder Boeren, Britten en Bantoes (Amsterdam, 1942), 190–207; J.W. Meijer, Dr H.J. Coster, 1865–1899 (Pretoria, 1883), passim; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 108, 480–481; Sandberg, Twintig jaren, 215–227; G.J. Schutte, ed., Beste ouders. Brieven uit de Transvaal van Karel van den Berg 1896–1900 (Amsterdam, 1999), 5–31; G. Vissering, Een Hollander in Zuid-Afrika (Amsterdam, 1900), 5–31.
  19. Churchill, Boer War, 22–34; Churchill, My Early Life, 243–244; Jenkins, Churchill, 52; Roberts, Churchills, 52; Sandys, Churchill, 30–31.
  20. Churchill, Boer War, 24, 35–36; Churchill, My Early Life, 243–244; Jenkins, Churchill, 52; Roberts, Churchills, 162–166; Sandys, Churchill, 43–46.
  21. Churchill, Boer War, 22–26; Churchill, My Early Life, 243; Roberts, Churchills, 162–164; Sandys, Churchill, 32–34, 37–43.
  22. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 303–342; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 448–49; Grobler, War Reporter, 9; Pakenham, Boer War, 142–155; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 231–236, 490–491; Scholtz, Waarom, 47–55; M.C.E. van Schoor, Christiaan Rudolph de Wet. Krygsman en volksman (Pretoria, 2007), 68–69.
  23. Churchill, Boer War, 26–27, 31–34; Sandys, Churchill, 32–33, 39–41.
  24. Churchill, Boer War, 36–44; Churchill, My Early Life, 244–253; Jenkins, Churchill, 53; Roberts, Churchills, 166–169; Sandys, Churchill, 47–55.
  25. Churchill, Boer War, 45–79; Churchill, My Early Life, 253–262; Jenkins, Churchill, 53–55; Roberts, Churchills, 169–180; Sandys, Churchill, 58–59; Frederick Woods, ed., Young Winston’s Wars: The Original Despatches of Winston S. Churchill, War Correspondent 1897–1900 (London, 1972), 173–179.
  26. Churchill, Boer War, 43–79; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 46–65; Grobler, War Reporter, 11–19; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 116–117; Roberts, Churchills, 173, 202–203.
  27. W.J. Leyds, Tweede verzameling (correspondentie 1899–1900) (’s-Gravenhage, 1930), I, xii–xiii, 78, 175–178; L.E. van Niekerk, Dr. W.J. Leyds as gesant van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (Pretoria, 1980), 143–179, 230–256; Wilson, International Impact, 43–64.
  28. Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, xi; II, 57–59; Ulrich Kröll, Die internationale Buren-Agitation 1899–1902 (Munster, 1973), 67–122, 197–206; Van Niekerk, Leyds as gesant, 144–148, 230–256; Wilson, International Impact, 25–42, 65–78.
  29. Bossenbroek, Holland, 252–253; Kuitenbrouwer, War of Words, 129–164; Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 81–82.
  30. Bossenbroek, Holland, 351 and passim; Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, xi–xii, 69–70, 126–134, 142, 207–209, 223–224.
  31. Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 183–184; Van Niekerk, Leyds as gesant, 288.
  32. Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, ix–x, 94–98, 160–161, 176, 186–187; Van Niekerk, Leyds as gesant, 286–287; Wilson, International Impact, 197–122.
  33. First and Scott, Olive Schreiner, 236–238; Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 140–141, 156–157; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 430–431; William T. Stead, Shall I Slay My Brother Boer? An Appeal to the Conscience of Britain (London, 1899), 61–63 and passim.
  34. Bernard Porter, The Absent-Minded Imperialists: Empire, Society, and Culture in Britain (Oxford, 2004), 176–180; Roberts, Churchills, 174–175.
  35. Churchill, Boer War, 77–83; Churchill, My Early Life, 261–271; Jenkins, Churchill, 55–60; Roberts, Churchills, 204–210; Sandys, Churchill, 89–98; Andrew Thompson, ‘Imperial Propaganda during the South African War’, in Cuthbertson, Writing, 303– 328.
  36. Churchill, Boer War, 88–91; Churchill, My Early Life, 271–286; Jackie Grobler, ed., The War Diary of Johanna Brandt (Pretoria, 2007), 37–38; Jenkins, Churchill, 56–61; Roberts, Churchills, 208–215, 235–242; Sandys, Churchill, 99–125.
  37. In memoriam NZASM, 97–107; De Jong et al., NZASM 100, 223–231; Van Winter, Onder Krugers Hollanders I, 270–271; II, 337–347.
  38. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 127–130; Diana Cammack, The Rand at War, 1899–1902: The Witwatersrand and the Anglo-Boer War (London, 1990), 38–82; In memoriam NZASM, 105–106.
  39. Cammack, Rand, 50–54, 83–100; Warwick, Black People, 127–137.
  40. Jenkins, Churchill, 60–61; Roberts, Churchills, 235–241; Sandys, Churchill, 99–115.
  41. Churchill, My Early Life, 288–295; Jenkins, Churchill, 61–62; Roberts, Churchills, 247–254; Sandys, Churchill, 142–143.
  42. Churchill, Boer War, 91–95; Churchill, My Early Life, 295–300; Jenkins, Churchill, 61–62; Roberts, Churchills, 247–254; Sandys, Churchill, 131–140, 142–143.
  43. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 364–366; Nasson, War, 124, 132–134; Pakenham, Boer War, 160–165; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 62–64.
  44. Breytenbach, I, 396–399, II, 99–166; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 59–69; Grobler, War Reporter, 15, 17, 22; Nasson, War, 135–138, 143–147; Pakenham, Boer War, 188–206; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 32, 164, 285–288, 259–262.
  45. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 296–225; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 66; Grobler, War Reporter, 14–21; Nasson, War, 139–142; Pakenham, Boer War, 214–215; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 434–436.
  46. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 226–337; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 57–58; Grobler, War Reporter, 57–58, 60, 70–73; Nasson, War, 147–153; Pakenham, Boer War, 215–218, 224–241; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 90–92, 493–494.
  47. Roberts, Churchills, 216–234; Sandys, Churchill, 28–29.
  48. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis I, 286–394, 411–413, 459–461; Nasson, War, 11–116; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 255–258; Warwick, Black People, 28–38.
  49. See Part I, p. 25.
  50. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis II, 392–404; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 41, 46–47, 50–52, 54–56, 60, 62; Grobler, War Reporter, 6–7, 12, 14–15, 19; Nasson, War, 116–122; Pakenham, Boer War, 181–190; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 212–214; Warwick, Black People, 129–130.
  51. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis II, 333–349; Nasson, War, 106–110; Pakenham, Boer War, 238–241; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 236–238.
  52. Churchill, Boer War, 95–105; Churchill, My Early Life, 301–306; Jenkins, Churchill, 61–62; Sandys, Churchill, 138–148.
  53. Churchill, Boer War, 135–138; Churchill, My Early Life, 305–306, 311–312; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 86–89; Grobler, War Reporter, 34–35; Pakenham, Boer War, 284–304; Roberts, Churchill, 280–281; Sandys, Churchill, 158, 162–163.
  54. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 1–61; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 75, 79–81; Grobler, War Reporter, 25–30; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 117, 210, 256, 332–335.
  55. Churchill, Boer War, 106–112.
  56. See above, pp. 19–20.
  57. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 62–106; Churchill, Boer War, 112–126; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 82–86; Grobler, War Reporter, 31–33; Nasson, War, 154–155; Pakenham, Boer War, 277–284; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 486–487.
  58. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 113–167; Churchill, Boer War, 127–131; Churchill, My Early Life, 307–308; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 82–86; Sandys, Churchill, 149–154.
  59. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 168–219; Churchill, Boer War, 137–139; Churchill, My Early Life, 311–312; Pakenham, Boer War, 288–305; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 426–428, 501–502; Sandys, Churchill, 161–163.
  60. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 219–230; Churchill, Boer War, 139–140; Churchill, My Early Life, 312–314.
  61. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 230–236; Churchill, Boer War, 140, 150–151; Churchill, My Early Life, 314; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 325–428.
  62. See above, p. 187.
  63. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 237–437; Churchill, Boer War, 156–178; Churchill, My Early Life, 314–322; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 91–94, 101, 103–104; Grobler, War Reporter, 39–40, 42, 44; Nasson, War, 161–165; Pakenham, Boer War, 344–349; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 325, 468–469; Roberts, Churchill, 283–286; Sandys, Churchill, 167, 170–173.
  64. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis IV, 101–231; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 91, 95–97; Grobler, War Reporter, 29, 41; Nasson, War, 167–171; Pakenham, Boer War, 314–320, 327–328; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 388–389.
  65. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 98; Steve Lunderstedt, ed., Summer of 1899: The Siege of Kimberley 14 October 1899 to 15 February 1900 (Kimberley, 1999), 220–228; Pakenham, Boer War, 321–328; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 212–215; Brian Roberts, Kimberley: Turbulent City (Cape Town, 1985), 313–333.
  66. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 359–371; Grobler, War Reporter, 37.
  67. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 444–525; Churchill, Boer War, 179–194; Churchill, My Early Life, 322–324; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 104–110; Grobler, War Reporter, 46; Pakenham, Boer War, 356–361; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 325–327; Roberts, Churchills, 286; Sandys, Churchill, 173–174.
  68. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis IV, 232–239; Pakenham, Boer War, 318–320.
  69. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis IV, 232–430; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 104–111; Grobler, War Reporter, 43–45; Nasson, War, 172–178; Pakenham, Boer War, 331–342; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 110–11, 309–315, 388–389.
  70. See above, p. 161.
  71. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 526–572; Churchill, Boer War, 195–210; Churchill, My Early Life, 324–326; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 111–112; Grobler, War Reporter, 46; Nasson, War, 156–161; Pakenham, Boer War, 356–368; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 327–329; Roberts, Churchills, 286–287; Sandys, Churchill, 174–178.
  72. Roberts, Churchills, 286–291; Sandys, Churchill, 169–170, 182–184.
  73. Joseph J. Doke, ed., M.K. Gandhi: An Indian Patriot in South Africa (London, 1909), 52–57; Eric Itzkin, ‘The Indian War Memorial: National Memory and Selective Forgetting’, Historia 54, 1 (2009), 147–158; Shula Marks, ‘British Nursing and the South African War’, in Greg Cuthbertson et al., eds., Writing a Wider War, 159–185; Russell Miller, The Adventures of Arthur Conan Doyle (London, 2008), 204–219; Stephen M. Miller, Volunteers on the Veld: Britain’s Citizen-Soldiers and the South African War, 1899–1902 (Norman, 2007), 55–76.
  74. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis III, 568–572; Churchill, Boer War, 211–224; Pakenham, Boer War, 224–225, 237–238, 293, 347, 352–355; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 274–278; J.C. de Villiers, Healers, Helpers and Hospitals: A History of Military Medicine in the Anglo-Boer War (Pretoria, 2008), I, 127–163, 309–333; II, 13–117.
  75. Zuster Hellemans, Met het Roode Kruis mee in den Boeren-Vrijheidsoorlog (Amsterdam, 1901), 47–120; De Villiers, Healers, I, 426–432.
  76. Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 275–276; De Villiers, Healers, 340–374.
  77. Van Niekerk, Leyds as gesant, 125–132; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 275–276; De Villiers, Healers, 413–556.
  78. Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 516–523.
  79. Leyds, Tweede verzameling, 302–303, 383–384, 445, 454–455.
  80. See above, pp. 164–166; Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 385, 402–403, 439–440, 447– 467; W.J. Leyds, Derde verzameling (correspondentie 1900) (The Hague, 1931) I, 115–117; Van Niekerk, Leyds as gesant, 144–149.
  81. Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 308–309, 356–359, 369–372.
  82. See above, pp. 161–163; Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 416-417, 464–465 and II, 175.
  83. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 32–26, 557–563; Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, 413, 416–427, 468–469, 476–477, 494–496; II, 175–189.
  84. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 285–288; Pakenham, Boer War, 381–385; De Villiers, Healers, I, 287–293; II, 105–112.
  85. Churchill, Boer War, 225–236; Churchill, My Early Life, 327–334; Roberts, Churchills, 309–312; Sandys, Churchill, 184–189; Woods, Young Winston’s Wars, 138.
  86. Churchill, Boer War, 5, 237–240; Vincent J. Cirillo, Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish-American War and Military Medicine (Piscataway, 1999), 138–145; Miller, Adventures, 212–217; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 276–277; Sandys, Churchill, 189–191; De Villiers, Healers, I, 287–293, II, 105–112.
  87. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 3–4, 107, 123–125; Churchill, Boer War, 237–245; Churchill, My Early Life, 335–336; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 118, 120, 121, 136; Grobler, War Reporter, 51, 61; Pakenham, Boer War, 375–380; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 337; Roberts, Churchills, 312–314; Sandys, Churchill, 192–194.
  88. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 156–171; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 119–120, 122–125, 129–136; Grobler, War Reporter, 51–52, 59–61; Pakenham, Boer War, 386–389; C.R. de Wet, De strijd tusschen Boer en Brit. De herinnering van den Boeren-Generaal C.R. de Wet (Amsterdam and Pretoria, 1902), 80.
  89. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 156–171; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 119–120, 122–125, 129–136; Grobler, War Reporter, 51–52, 59–61; Pakenham, Boer War, 390–394; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 292–293, 400–402; De Wet, Strijd, 88–112.
  90. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 156–158, 171–172, 418–419; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 118; Grobler, War Reporter, 166; Leyds, Tweede verzameling I, xviii, 501–506; II, 178–179; Leyds, Derde verzameling, vii–xii, 8–19, 25–40, 47, 50–51.
  91. Churchill, Boer War, 244–272; Churchill, My Early Life, 335–341; Roberts, Churchills, 312–315; Sandys, Churchill, 192–197.
  92. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 506; Churchill, Boer War, 290–316; Churchill, My Early Life, 341–344; Roberts, Churchills, 316–317; Sandys, Churchill, 198–200.
  93. See above, pp. 18–21.
  94. Hellemans, Met het Roode Kruis mee, 143–164.
  95. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 142–145; Grobler, War Reporter, 67–68; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 141–142, 255–258.
  96. John L. Comaroff, ed., The Boer War Diary of Sol T. Plaatje: An African at Mafeking (Johannesburg, 1973), 11–159; Pat Hopkins and Heather Dugmore, The Boy: Baden-Powell and the Siege of Mafeking (Rivonia, 1999), xv–xviii, 167–175; Pakenham, Boer War, 396–419; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 22–24, 255–258, 331–332; Roberts, Churchills, 292–308; Warwick, Black People, 30–38.
  97. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 142–145; Pakenham, Boer War, 414–418; Porter, Absent-Minded Imperialists, 52–53, 194–196; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 22–24, 255–258; Roberts, Churchills, 304–308.
  98. See above, p. 149.
  99. Cammack, Rand, 101–109; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 147–148; Grobler, War Reporter, 63; Leyds, Tweede verzameling II, 202–203; Leyds, Derde verzameling II, 34–38.
  100. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 515–549; Churchill, Boer War, 328–350; Churchill, My Early Life, 344–349; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 150–152; Pakenham, Boer War, 419–433; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 128–129; Roberts, Churchills, 316–320; Sandys, Churchill, 198–203.
  101. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 542–556; Churchill, Boer War, 351–356, 387–390; Churchill, My Early Life, 349–352; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 151–157; Grobler, War Reporter, 71–76; Nasson, War, 199–203; Pakenham, Boer War, 431–434; Roberts, Churchills, 320–322.
  102. Breytenbach, Geskiedenis V, 535–556; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 153–157; Grobler, War Reporter, 71–76; Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections, 537–553; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 396–397.
  103. Churchill, Boer War, 389–401; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 158–160; Grobler, War Reporter, 77; Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections, 547–561; Pakenham, Boer War, 434; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 122–123; Roberts, Churchills, 328–329; Sandys, Churchill, 204–208.
  104. Leyds, Derde verzameling, I, xvi–xvii, 134–135, 146–147.
  105. Leyds, Derde verzameling, I, x–xii, 150–155; II, 65–70.
  106. Leyds, Derde verzameling, I, 107, 113–115.
  107. Leyds, Derde verzameling, I, xx–xxiii; II, 49–64.
  108. Het Nieuws van den Dag, 12–06–1900, source for the translated quotes.
  109. Churchill, Boer War, 400–401; Churchill, My Early Life, 353–354; Roberts, Churchills, 323–331; Sandys, Churchill, 204–209.

Part III: Death and destruction

  1. Deneys Reitz described his experiences in the Anglo-Boer War in Dutch and English in his unpublished memoirs, ‘Herinneringen’, now in the Brenthurst Library in Johannesburg, which he used later for his Commando: A Boer Journal of the Boer War (London, 1929) and the Afrikaans translation Kommando. ’n Boere-dagboek uit die Engelse Oorlog (Bloemfontein, 1929). The passages quoted in the present publication are from Commando: A Boer Journal of the Boer War (London 1948). See also his biography by G.J. Calitz, Deneys Reitz (1822–1944). Krygsman, avonturier en politikus (Pretoria, 2008).
  2. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 78; Grobler, War Reporter, 71–75, 78; Nasson, War, 197; Pakenham, Boer War, 430–431; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 371–372; F.W. Reitz, Outobiografie en 62 gedigte (Cape Town, 1978), 43–44; Reitz, Kommando, 103–110.
  3. J. Ploeger, Die lotgevalle van die burgerlike bevolking gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog, 1899–1902, 5 vols. (Pretoria, 1990), ch. 13: 5–14.
  4. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 155–163; Grobler, War Reporter, 75, 79, 81; A.M. Grundlingh, Die ‘Hendsoppers’ en ‘Joiners’. Die rasionaal en verskynsel van verraad (Pretoria, 1979), 7–44, 58–62; Leyds, Vierde verzameling II, 93–96; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 13: 13–24; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 388–391; S.B. Spies, Methods of Barbarism? Roberts and Kitchener and Civilians in the Boer Republics: January 1900—May 1902 (Cape Town, 1977), 90–95, 101–117.
  5. W.L. von R. Scholtz, Generaal Christiaan de Wet as veldheer (Leiden, 1978), 183; M.C.E. van Schoor, Christiaan Rudolph de Wet. Krygsman en volksman (Pretoria, 2007), 107–108.
  6. Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 20–25; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 11: 10, 16, 18, 20; ch. 14: 13–16; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 108–110, 406–407.
  7. Leyds, Derde verzameling II, 89; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 13: 11, 14.
  8. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 154–163; Grobler, War Reporter, 78–86; Nasson, War, 199–205; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 11: 45, 11–13, 20, 23, 25, 26-43; ch. 12: 1–3; ch. 13: 19–23.
  9. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 92–93; Reitz, Outobiografie, 43–45; Reitz, Kommando, 110–115.
  10. Albert Blake, Boereverraaier. Teregstellings tydens die Anglo-Boereoorlog (Cape Town, 2010), 59–62; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 171, 174; Mark Coghlan, ‘The Other De Wet: Piet de Wet and the Boer “Hendsoppers in the Anglo-Boer War”’, http://samilitaryhistory. org/vol116mc.html; Grobler, War Reporter, 89; Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 241–251; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 121–122, 244–246; Pieter le Roux, ‘Verraaier of held. Verdere gedagtes oor Genl Piet de Wet’, Knapzak 21, 2 (October 2009); Scholtz, De Wet, 194–195; Van Schoor, De Wet, 109–118; C.W.L. de Souza, No Charge for Delivery (Cape Town, 1969), 134–135; De Wet, Strijd, 166–168, 184.
  11. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 92–93; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 127–176; Grobler, War Reporter, 90; Reitz, Kommando, 115–117.
  12. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 171–181; Grobler, War Reporter, 87, 90; Spies, Methods, 128–127.
  13. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 171–181; Emily Hobhouse, The Brunt of the War and Where It Fell (London, 1902), 22–28; Pakenham, Boer War, 451–455; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 13: 36–40; ch. 28: 10–14, 22–40; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 104; Spies, Methods, 43–44, 128–137.
  14. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 171–181; Grobler, War Reporter, 87, 90; Pakenham, Boer War, 438–445; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 57–58, 333–335.
  15. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 171–181; Grobler, War Reporter, 89–93; Pakenham, Boer War, 451–455; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 120–121; Von Scholtz, De Wet, 221–246; De Wet, Strijd, 176–179.
  16. Leyds, Derde verzameling I, ix–x, 195–196, 235–236, 238, 256–260, 90–93.
  17. Leyds, Derde verzameling I, 184–187, 192–193, 197–198.
  18. See above, p. 108.
  19. Leyds, Derde verzameling I, 264–273, 280; II, 94–101.
  20. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 181–185; Grobler, War Reporter, 93, 95; Pakenham, Boer War, 451, 454–456; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 33–36; Reitz, Kommando, 117–119.
  21. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 287–188; Grobler, War Reporter, 95; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 36, 228.
  22. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 186–187; Grobler, War Reporter, 96; Reitz, Kommando, 117–123.
  23. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 93–94; Reitz, Kommando, 124–126.
  24. http://www.tokencoins.com/oompaul.htm.
  25. See above, pp. 36–38.
  26. Grobler, War Reporter, 95; Spies, Methods, 116–124.
  27. Spies, Methods, 124–127.
  28. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 188–193; Grobler, War Reporter, 95; Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 54–58; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 14: 21–26; ch. 29: 15–18; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 104–105; Spies, Methods, 143–145.
  29. See above, p. 174. Churchill, My Early Life, 355–356; Sandys, Churchill, 209–211.
  30. See above, pp. 222–223.
  31. Churchill, My Early Life, 355–361; Robert Rhodes James, ed., Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches 1897–1963, volume 1: 1897–1908 (New York, 1974), 53–61; Jenkins, Churchill, 64–66; Sandys, Churchill, 211–215; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_general_election_1900.
  32. Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 340–342; Pakenham, Boer War, 470–472; Von Scholtz, De Wet, 287–293; S.B. Spies and Gail Nattrass, eds., Jan Smuts: Memoirs of the Boer War (Johannesburg, 1994), 110–133.
  33. Pakenham, Boer War, 470–476; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 54; Von Scholtz, De Wet, 276–293; De Wet, Strijd, 226–230.
  34. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 94–97; Reitz, Kommando, 126–129.
  35. Algemeen Handelsblad, 23 November 1900; New York Times, 23 November 1900.
  36. Algemeen Handelsblad, 24–25 November 1900; Leyds, Vierde verzameling II, 1–7.
  37. Leyds, Vierde verzameling II, 7–14; cf. above, pp. 65–69, 81, 87.
  38. Algemeen Handelsblad, 14 December 1900; Bossenbroek, Holland, 343–344; Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, 25; II, 15–22.
  39. Churchill, My Early Life, 363; Rhodes James, Churchill: His Complete Speeches I, 62–62; Jenkins, Churchill, 68–71; Sandys, Churchill, 212–213; New York Times, 13 December 1900.
  40. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 199–207; Von Scholtz, De Wet, 293–314; De Wet, Strijd, 232–256.
  41. Jennifer Hobhouse Balme, To Love One’s Enemies: The Work and Life of Emily Hobhouse (Cobble Hill, 1994), 1–84; Pakenham, Boer War, 501–503; Rykie van Reenen, ed., Emily Hobhouse: Boer War Letters (Cape Town, 1984), 1–46.
  42. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 97–101; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 205–206; Grobler, War Reporter, 101; Pakenham, Boer War, 476–481; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 303–304; Reitz, Kommando, 130–141; Spies and Nattrass, Jan Smuts, 146–157.
  43. Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 82–95, 248; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 14: 32–37; Spies, Methods, 205–206.
  44. Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 107; Nieuwe Tilburgsche Courant, 13 February 1901; Spies, Methods, 205–206.
  45. Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 109–117; Spies, Methods, 205–206.
  46. Blake, Boereverraaier, 142–156; Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 95–96, 101–104; Spies, Methods, 203–206.
  47. See above, p. 227.
  48. Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 30: 34–38; Spies, Methods, 170–190.
  49. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 102–103; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 208, 218–219; Grobler, War Reporter, 105; Pakenham, Boer War, 496–499; Reitz, Kommando, 142–148.
  50. See above, pp. 11 and 147.
  51. Hobhouse, Brunt, 116–120; Hobhouse Balme, To Love, 85–98; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 41: 26–27, 36–38; ch. 43: 3–4, 6; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 102–106; Van Reenen, Emily Hobhouse, 46–57; Spies, Methods, 190–210.
  52. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 218–229; Grobler, War Reporter, 110; Von Scholtz, De Wet, 321–370; De Wet, Strijd, 264–290.
  53. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 103–105; Reitz, Kommando, 149–154.
  54. See above, p. 22.
  55. Warwick, Black People, 110–124.
  56. Nasson, Abraham Esau’s War, 120–141.
  57. Pakenham, Boer War, 468–469, 496, 501–505.
  58. Churchill, My Early Life, 364–367; Rhodes James, Churchill: His Complete Speeches I, 65–67.
  59. See above, p. 17.
  60. See above, p. 302.
  61. Reitz, Kommando, 154–160.
  62. See above, pp. 115–116.
  63. George Arthur, Life of Lord Kitchener (London, 1920) II, 18–26; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 226; Grobler, War Reporter, 109, 112; J.D. Kestell and D.E. van Velden, Die vredesonderhandelinge tussen die regerings van die twee Suid-Afrikaanse Republieke en die verteenwoordigers van die Britse regering wat uitgeloop het op die vrede wat op 31 Mei 1902 op Vereeniging gesluit is (Cape Town, 1982), 123; Nasson, War, 223–224; Pakenham, Boer War, 487–491, 499–500, 504; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 282; Von Scholtz, De Wet, 371–372; De Wet, Strijd, 294–297.
  64. Reitz, Kommando, 161–169.
  65. See above, pp. 220–222.
  66. Leyds, Vierde verzameling II, 103–104.
  67. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 232; Eric Rosenthal, General De Wet: A Biography (Cape Town, 1946), 84–85; De Wet, Strijd, 296.
  68. See above, pp. 253–254.
  69. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 238; Grobler, War Reporter, 115; Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 152–153; Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections I, 389–391; Rosenthal, General De Wet, 85–87; De Wet, Strijd, 300–304.
  70. Leyds, Vierde verzameling II, 84–88; Pakenham, Boer War, 513.
  71. Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections I, 395–396; Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xxviii, 186, 248–249.
  72. Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections I, 397–399; Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xxii, 252–254.
  73. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 241–245; Grobler, War Reporter, 116, 118; Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 153; Hancock and Van der Poel, Selections, 400–402; Leyds, Vierde verzameling II, 86–87, 89–92; Pakenham, Boer War, 520–521; De Wet, Strijd, 304–309.
  74. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 236; Hobhouse, Brunt, 114–125; Emily Hobhouse, Report of a Visit to the Camps of Women and Children in the Cape and Orange River Colonies (London, 1901), 5–12; Pakenham, Boer War, 506–507; Van Reenen, Emily Hobhouse, 123.
  75. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 240; Pakenham, Boer War, 501–503; Van Reenen, Emily Hobhouse, 115–116, 121.
  76. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 242, 244; Hobhouse, Report, 14–15; Pakenham, Boer War, 503–504, 508; Van Reenen, Emily Hobhouse, 121–123, 125–126; W.T. Stead, Methods of Barbarism: ‘War is War’ and ‘War is Hell?’ The Case for Intervention (London, 1901).
  77. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 244–245; Hobhouse, Brunt, 126–137; Hobhouse, Report, 13–14; Pakenham, Boer War, 504–510; Van Reenen, Emily Hobhouse, 115–116, 121.
  78. Reitz, Kommando, 170–196.
  79. See above, p. 271.
  80. Reitz, Kommando, 197–200.
  81. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 242, 246–247, 252; Pakenham, Boer War, 513; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 432–433.
  82. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 256–258; Grobler, War Reporter, 121; Pakenham, Boer War, 499, 522, 529, 535–538; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 27–28, 46–47; Spies, Methods, 233–239.
  83. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 245–246; Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xxxviii–xxxix, 363–365; II, 125–128, 184–189.
  84. Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xl, 304; II, 114–124.
  85. Hobhouse, Brunt, 145–140; Hobhouse Balme, To Love, 277–328.
  86. Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xxiv–xxvi, 122–123, 152, 154–158, 164–165, 265–265, 179–280, 342, 356–359, 459–460.
  87. Hobhouse, Brunt, 319–346; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, chs. 41 and 42; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 104–106, 145–146, 184–185; Spies, Methods, 221–227, 252–269.
  88. Churchill, My Early Life, 367–370; Rhodes James, Churchill: His Complete Speeches I, 70–86.
  89. Rhodes James, Churchill: His Complete Speeches I, 87–90.
  90. Rhodes James, Churchill: His Complete Speeches I, 95–109.
  91. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 108–109; Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 430–431; Reitz, Kommando, 200–201.
  92. See above, p. 190.
  93. See above, p. 164; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 210–211; Warwick, Black People, 45–46.
  94. See above, p. 27.
  95. Nasson, Abraham Esau’s War, 19–21; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 29–31, 42–44, 210–211, 317–318, 443–444; Warwick, Black People, 63–74, 87–90, 96–109, 119–122.
  96. See above, p. 336–337.
  97. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 247, 255–256; Warwick, Black People, 19–25.
  98. See above, p. 62.
  99. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 254–256; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 421, 444; Warwick, Black People, 100–101, 107.
  100. See above, pp. 297–298.
  101. Pakenham, Boer War, 528–532.
  102. See above, p. 354.
  103. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 344; Ploeger, Lotgevalle, ch. 43; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 102–106; Warwick, Black People, 145–157.
  104. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 109–116; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 266; Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 410–412, 422–427; Reitz, Kommando, 205–236.
  105. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 115–116; Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 412–413; Reitz, Kommando, 236–244.
  106. See above, pp. 286–287.
  107. Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xxxiv–xxxvi, 378–379, 392–393, 450–451; II, 135–141; http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/hague02.asp.
  108. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 116–117; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 464–465; Reitz, Kommando, 246–255.
  109. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 116–119; Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 419–428; Reitz, Commando, 250, 264–265; Reitz, Kommando, 255–274.
  110. See above, p. 112.
  111. See above, pp. 315–316.
  112. Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xxxvi, xl–xl, xlv–xlvi, 448–450, 462-465; II, 153–155, 158, 161–162; Wilson, International Impact, 110–112.
  113. See above, pp. 360–361.
  114. Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 437–505.
  115. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 120–123; Reitz, Kommando, 227–293.
  116. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 296; Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 513; Nasson, Abraham Esau’s War, 108–114; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 240–241, 265–266; Reitz, Kommando, 288–290; Warwick, Black People, 122.
  117. Blake, Boereverraaier, 230–238; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 95; Reitz, Kommando, 288–290; see above, pp. 294–295.
  118. See above, p. 315–316; Blake Boereverraaier, 30–44, 84–115, 158–175.
  119. Blake, Boereverraaier, 45–62, 202–204; Grundlingh, ‘Hendsoppers’, 198–230; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 200–202.
  120. Blake, Boereverraaier, 68–72, 284–285; Hancock and Van der Poel, Smuts Papers I, 446.
  121. Blake, Boereverraaier, 64–67.
  122. See above, p. 325.
  123. Churchill, My Early Life, 368; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 294–295, 310, 317; Grobler, War Reporter, 133; Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, 603–604; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 224–225, 249, 404–406.
  124. See above pp. 183–185, 238, 272, 284–286.
  125. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 304–305; Grobler, War Reporter, 137; Pakenham, Boer War, 549, 556; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 503–504.
  126. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 308–311; Grobler, War Reporter, 139; Pakenham, Boer War, 549, 556; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 280–281, 461–462.
  127. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 124–130; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 316–317; Reitz, Commando, 298–313; Reitz, Kommando, 294–309.
  128. Reitz, Kommando, 310–314.
  129. Kestell and Van Velden, Vredesonderhandelinge, 15–20; Leyds, Vierde verzameling II, 177–183.
  130. See above, p. 375; Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xlvii–l.
  131. Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, 155–157.
  132. Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, 672.
  133. See above, p. 340.
  134. See above, pp. 332–334.
  135. Arthur, Life of Lord Kitchener II, 86–94; Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 321–324; Kestell and Van Velden, Vredesonderhandelinge, 15–20; Pakenham, Boer War, 551–554.
  136. See above, p. 293.
  137. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 131–134; Reitz, Kommando, 314–318.
  138. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 326–328; Kestell and Van Velden, Vredesonderhandelinge, 51–91.
  139. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 328; Kestell and Van Velden, Vredesonderhandelinge¸ 90–116; see above, pp. 332–334.
  140. Pakenham, Boer War, 561.
  141. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War, 329–332; Kestell and Van Velden, Vredesonderhandelinge, 116–175; Pakenham, Boer War, 564–570.

Epilogue

  1. www.bloemfontein.co.za/renaming-big.jpg.
  2. dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012–0329-south-africa-the-returnof-the-namechanging-cliffhanger.
  3. www.afriforum.co.za/t-hemde-tee-naamsveranderinge.
  4. See above, pp. 22–24, 60–62. Cf. also the recent commotion surrounding the historically inspired so-called ‘white’ and ‘black’ songs, the most striking examples being, on the one hand, the popular Afrikaans song ‘De la Rey’ by Bok van Blerk and, on the other hand, the struggle song ‘Awudubhule ibhunu’ (Shoot the Boer), revived by the ANC Youth League. Albert Grundlingh, ‘Die historiese in die hede. Dinamika van die De la Rey-fenomeen in Afrikanerkringe, 2006–2007’, New Contree 53 (2007), 135–154.
  5. www.info.gov.za/speech/DynamicAction?pageid=461andsid=27620andtid=69127; www.info.gov.za/speech/DynamicAction?pageid=461andsid=28766andtid=74709.
  6. Lake and Reynolds, Drawing; Nasson, War; Warwick, Black People, passim.
  7. Leyds, Vierde verzameling I, xlix–li, 756–757; Bossenbroek, ‘Geschiedschrijving’, 209–210; Van Niekerk, Kruger se regterhand, 356.
  8. Pakenham, Boer War, 561–562.
  9. Jenkins, Churchill, passim; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, 80, 107–108, 374–376; Deneys Reitz, Trekking On (London, 1933), 122–123, 149–150.
  10. Cloete, Anglo-Boer War; Nasson, War; Pakenham, Boer War; Pretorius, Historical Dictionary, passim.
  11. Calitz, Deneys Reitz, 135–137; Reitz, Kommando, 319–321.
  12. Deneys Reitz, No Outspan (London, 1943), passim.
  13. See above, pp. 404–406; Marc Howard Ross, Cultural Contestation in Ethnic Conflict (Cambridge, 2007), 240–250; www.info.gov.za/ speech/DynamicAction?pageid=461andid=25951andtid=60804; www.freedompark.co.za/cms/index.php?option=com_contentandvie=articleandid=29 andItemid=35andphpMyAdmin=17b79oef73ob81dao 9aI3c43cI2692b2.