8. The Correct Atmospheric Conditions

  1.     According to Pia de Jong in a charming piece for the Institute of Advanced Study, it was young Dyson himself who came up with the phrase: his father overheard him using it, was tickled, and sent it to Punch magazine. The article is at www.ias.edu/ideas/2013/de-jong-dyson.

  2.     National Archives AIR 40/1680.

  3.     As recounted in Freeman Dyson, ‘A Failure of Intelligence’, MIT Technology Review, 1 November 2006, a mesmerizing piece that can be read at www.technologyreview.com/s/406789/a-failure-of-intelligence.

  4.     Aldous Huxley, Ends and Means: An Enquiry into the Nature of Ideals and into the Methods Employed for Their Realization (Chatto and Windus, 1937).

  5.     Dyson, ‘A Failure of Intelligence’.

  6.     Ibid.

  7.     Ibid.

  8.     Freeman Dyson, Disturbing the Universe (Harper & Row, 1979).

  9.     David Lodge, ‘Dam and Blast’ (1982), in his collection Write On (Secker & Warburg, 2012). Lodge also pointed out that, although his father was in the air force, he somehow avoided going up in a plane.

  10.     Tami Davis Biddle, ‘Bombing by the Square Yard: Sir Arthur Harris at War, 1942–1945’, International History Review, vol. 21, no. 3 (September 1999).

  11.     Jörg Friedrich, The Fire: The Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945 (Columbia University Press, 2006).

  12.     Ibid.

  13.     National Archives AIR 20/4831.

  14.     Ibid.

  15.     Ibid.

  16.     Lord Portal Papers, Christ Church, Oxford, folder 10, file 3A.

  17.     Ibid., file 3B.

  18.     Ibid.

  19.     Ibid.

  20.     Ibid., file 3C.

  21.     Ibid.

  22.     Ibid.

  23.     Ibid., file 3D.