CHAPTER IX

TABLES OF IRON AND STEEL

Table of Sizes of Irons of Different Forms Used by Carriage, Wagon and Sleigh Makers.

Twenty-five years ago the sizes of merchantable iron were limited in number, and it was necessary for the blacksmith to forge the greater portion. Ovals and half ovals were almost unknown; at the present time ovals, under the general heading, can be procured from regular stock, suited to most purposes. Half ovals are divided into two classes, the second being known as flat half ovals. Some of the sizes here gi ven are not always procurable in the open market, but large manufacturers have no difficulty in procuring them at the mills when ordering in quantities.

FLAT.

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SQUARE.

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ROUND.

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HALF ROUND.

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OVAL.

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HALF OVAL.

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BAND IRON.

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SHEET IRON.

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Table Exhibiting the Weight in Pounds of Square Bars, Wrought or Rolled, to each One Foot in Length.

Sizes of Cross Section in Inches.Weight in Pounds.
1/8    . . . . . . . . . ..053
1/4    . . . . . . . . . ..211
3/8    . . . . . . . . . ..475
1/2    . . . . . . . . . ..845
5/8    . . . . . . . . . .1.320
3/4    . . . . . . . . . .1.901
7/8    . . . . . . . . . .2.588
1      . . . . . . . . . .3.380
11/8  . . . . . . . . . .4.278
11/4  . . . . . . . . . .5.280
13/8  . . . . . . . . . .6.390
11/2  . . . . . . . . . .7.640
15/8  . . . . . . . . . .8.926
13/4  . . . . . . . . . .10.352
17/8  . . . . . . . . . .11.883
2      . . . . . . . . . .13.520
21/8  . . . . . . . . . .15.263
21/4  . . . . . . . . . .17.112
21/2  . . . . . . . . . .21.120
3      . . . . . . . . . .30.416

Table Exhibiting the Weight in Pounds of Round Rolled Iron to each One Foot in Length.

Diameter in Inches.Weight in Pounds.
1/8    . . . . . ..041
1/4    . . . . . ..165
3/8    . . . . . ..373
1/2    . . . . . ..663
5/8    . . . . . .1.043
3/4    . . . . . .1.493
7/8    . . . . . .2.032
1      . . . . . .2.654
11/8  . . . . . .3.360
11/4  . . . . . .4.170
13/8  . . . . . .5.019
11/2  . . . . . .5.972
15/8  . . . . . .7.010
13/4  . . . . . .8.128
17/8  . . . . . .9.333
2      . . . . . .10.616
21/8  . . . . . .11.988
21/4  . . . . . .13.440
21/2  . . . . . .16.688

The weights in the tables above are for sizes divided by one-eighth. For proportions not specified, of one foot in length, of the form prescribed, multiply the weight in pounds of an equal length of square rolled iron of the same size, if the weight be sought of

Iron, round rolled, by.7855
Steel, square rolled, by1.0064
Steel, round rolled, by.7904
Cast iron, square rolled, by1.1401
Cast iron, round rolled, by.7271

If the weight of a flat rolled or wrought bar is required, multiply the sectional area in inches by the length in feet, and that product, if the metal be

Wrought iron, by3.3795
Cast iron, by3.1287
Steel, iron, by3.4

If the weight of a bar of steel is required, the length of which is six feet, breadth two and one-fourth inches, thickness three-fourths of an inch (reduce fractions to decimals), and the statement will be

2.25 × .75 × 6 × 3.4= 34.435 lbs.

Table of Sizes and Weight per Foot in Length of Iron for Tires.

Size.Weight per Foot in Length.
5/8 × 1/8   . . . ..264
5/8 × 1/4   . . . ..528
3/4 × 1/8   . . . ..316
3/4 × 1/4   . . . ..633
3/4 × 3/8   . . . ..950
7/8 × 1/8   . . . ..369
7/8 × 1/4   . . . ..739
7/8 × 3/8   . . . .1.108
1 × 1/8     . . . ..422
1 × 1/4     . . . ..845
1 × 3/8     . . . .1.267
1 × 1/2     . . . .1.690
11/8 × 1/4 . . . ..950
11/8 × 3/8 . . . .1.425
11/8 × 1/2 . . . .1.901
11/4 × 1/4 . . . .1.056
11/4 × 3/8 . . . .1.584
11/4 × 1/2 . . . .2.112
13/8 × 1/4 . . . .1.161
13/8 × 3/8 . . . .1.742
13/8 × 1/2 . . . .2.323
11/2 × 3/8 . . . .1.901
11/2 × 1/2 . . . .2.534
11/2 × 5/8 . . . .3.168
11/2 × 3/4 . . . .3.802
15/8 × 3/8 . . . .2.059
15/8 × 1/2 . . . .2.746
15/8 × 5/8 . . . .3.432
15/8 × 3/4 . . . .4.119
13/4 × 3/8 . . . .2.218
13/4 × 1/2 . . . .2.957
13/4 × 5/8 . . . .3.696
13/4 × 3/4 . . . .4.435
2 × 3/8     . . . .2.534
2 × 1/2     . . . .3.379
2 × 5/8     . . . .4.224
2 × 3/4     . . . .5.069
21/2 × 3/8 . . . .2.851
21/4 × 1/2 . . . .3.802
21/4 × 5/8 . . . .4.752
21/4 × 3/4 . . . .4.224
21/2 × 1/2 . . . .5.280
21/2 × 5/8 . . . .6.336
21/2 × 3/4 . . . .7.393
21/2 × 7/8 . . . .5.808
23/4 × 5/8 . . . .6.970
23/4 × 3/4 . . . .8.132
23/4 × 7/8 . . . .9.294
23/4 × 1   . . . .6.337
3 × 5/8     . . . .7.604
3 × 3/4     . . . .8.871
3 × 7/8     . . . .10.139
3 × 1       . . . .

To make a practical application of this table in its application to wheels, first ascertain the diameter of the wheel on the tread, and multiply that by 3.1416, that being the established ratio of the circumference to the diameter. For convenience, 31/7 is used, but where accuracy is desired the whole number and decimal is preferred to the whole number and fraction. On this basis a wheel four feet in diameter will have a circumference of 12.566. The statement would be

4 × 3.1416 = 12.566.

Another point to be considered is the addition of the thickness of the tire when determining the diameter; thus a four-foot wheel with a half-inch tire would have a diameter of four feet one inch. Light tires one-fourth of an inch thick and under should have one inch added to their length when that length is twelve feet, adding or decreasing in that ratio as the length is increased or diminished.

A light wheel four feet in diameter, tire three-fourths by one-eighth inch, would require three pounds and nine hundred and ninety-six one-thousandths; for convenience the weight of the one inch extra is added to the total of the weight of the actual measurement.

Statement: 12.566 × .316 = 3.970 + .026 = 3.996 pounds.

A wheel of like size, the tire one by one-half inch, would have a diameter of four feet and one inch and a circumference of fifteen and one hundred and seventy-three one-hundredths feet.

Statement: 4.83 × 3.1416 = 15.173.

The weight of the tire would be twenty-five pounds and sixty-four one-hundredths.

Statement: 15.173 × 1.690 = 25.64.

WEIGHT OF METALS IN PLATE.

The weight of a square foot one inch thick is, if of

Malleable iron40.554 lbs.
Common plate,37.761 lbs.
Cast iron,37.546 lbs.

Or for any other thickness, greater or less, in the same proportion. Thus a square foot of common plate one-eighth of an inch thick would be 4.720 pounds.

Six square feet of that thickness would weigh 28.32 pounds.

Statement: 37.761 ÷ 8 = 4.720 × 6 = 28.32.

Table of Carriage Bolts, Standard Sizes.

1/8, 3/16 and 1/4 Diameter. 5/16 Diameter. 3/8 Diameter.
     Length.      Length.      Length.
1     11/22
     11/4     13/4     21/4
     11/22     21/2
     13/4     21/4     23/4
2     21/23
     21/4     23/4     31/4
     21/23     31/2
     23/4     31/4     33/4
3     31/24
     31/4     33/4     41/2
     31/245
     33/4     41/2     51/2
456
     41/4     51/2     61/2
     41/267
5     61/2     71/2
     51/278
6     71/2     81/2
     61/289
7     81/2     91/2
     71/2910
7/16 Diameter. 1/2 Diameter.
   Length.    Length.
22
     21/4     21/2
     21/23
     23/4     31/2
34
     31/2     41/2
45
     41/2     51/2
56
     51/2     61/2
67
     61/2     71/2
78
     71/2     81/2
89
     81/2     91/2
910
     91/2     101/2
1011
1112
1214

Table of Carriage Bolts, Standard Sizes.

1/8 and 3/16 Diameter. 1/4 Diameter. 5/16 Diameter.
      Length.       Length.       Length.
1     11/4     11/2
     11/4     11/2     13/4
     11/2     13/42
     13/42     21/4
2     21/4     21/2
     21/4     21/2     23/4
     21/2     23/43
     23/43     31/2
3     31/44
     31/4     31/2     41/2
     31/245
3/8 Diameter. 7/16 Diameter.
   Length.    Length.
22
     21/4     21/4
     21/2     21/2
     23/4     23/4
33
     31/2     31/2
44
     41/2     41/2
55
     51/2     51/2
66