Ode to the West Wind*

I

O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn’s being,

Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead

Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,

5Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou

Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed

The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,

Each like a corpse within its grave, until

Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow

10Her clarion o’er the dreaming earth, and fill

(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)

With living hues and odours plain and hill:

Wild Spirit, which art moving every where;

Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!

II

15Thou on whose stream, ’mid the steep sky’s commotion,

Loose clouds like Earth’s decaying leaves are shed,

Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,

Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread

On the blue surface of thine airy surge,

20Like the bright hair uplifted from the head

Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge

Of the horizon to the Zenith’s height,

The locks of the approaching storm. Thou Dirge

Of the dying year, to which this closing night

25Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre,

Vaulted with all thy congregated might

Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere

Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: O hear!

III

Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams

30The blue Mediterranean, where he lay,

Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams,

Beside a pumice isle in Baiae’s bay,

And saw in sleep old palaces and towers

Quivering within the wave’s intenser day,

35All overgrown with azure moss and flowers

So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou

For whose path the Atlantic’s level powers

Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below

The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear

40The sapless foliage of the Ocean, know

Thy voice, and suddenly grow grey with fear,

And tremble and despoil themselves: O hear!

IV

If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear;

If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee;

45A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share

The impulse of thy strength, only less free

Than thou, O Uncontroulable! If even

I were as in my boyhood, and could be

The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven,

50As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed

Scarce seemed a vision, I would ne’er have striven

As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.

Oh! lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!

I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!

55A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed

One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.

V

Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:

What if my leaves are falling like its own!

The tumult of thy mighty harmonies

60Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone,

Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,

My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!

Drive my dead thoughts over the universe

Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!

65And, by the incantation of this verse,

Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth

Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!

Be through my lips to unawakened Earth

The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,

70If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

To S[idmouth] and C[astlereagh]

As from their ancestral oak

   Two empty ravens wind their clarion,

Yell by yell, and croak for croak,

When they scent the noonday smoke

5   Of fresh human carrion:—

As two gibbering night-birds flit

   From their bower of deadly yew

Thro’ the night to frighten it—

When the moon is in a fit,

10   And the stars are none or few:—

As a shark and dogfish wait

   Under an Atlantic isle

For the Negro ship whose freight

Is the theme of their debate,

15   Wrinkling their red gills the while:—

Are ye—two vultures sick for battle,

   Two scorpions under one wet stone,

Two bloodless wolves whose dry throats rattle,

Two crows perched on the murrained cattle,

20   Two vipers tangled into one.

Love’s Philosophy

The Fountains mingle with the River

   And the Rivers with the Ocean;

The winds of Heaven mix for ever

   With a sweet emotion;

5Nothing in the world is single;

   All things by a law divine

In one spirit meet and mingle.

   Why not I with thine?—

See the mountains kiss high Heaven

10   And the waves clasp one another;

No sister-flower would be forgiven

   If it disdained its brother,

And the sunlight clasps the earth

   And the moonbeams kiss the sea—

15What is all this sweet work worth

   If thou kiss not me?

Goodnight

Goodnight? no love, the night is ill

   Which severs those it should unite;

Let us remain together still,

   Then it will be—‘good night’.

5How were the night without thee, good

   Though thy sweet wishes wing its flight?

Be it not said, thought, understood—

   Then it will be—‘good night’.

The hearts that on each other beat

10   From evening close to morning light

Have nights as good as they are sweet

   But never say ‘good night’.

Time Long Past

Like the ghost of a dear friend dead

         Is Time long past.

A tone which is now forever fled,

A hope, which is now forever past,

5A love, so sweet it could not last

         Was Time long past.

There were sweet dreams in the night

         Of Time long past;

And, was it sadness or delight,

10Each day a shadow onward cast

Which made us wish it yet might last—

         That Time long past.

There is regret, almost remorse

         For Time long past.

15’Tis like a child’s beloved corse

A father watches, till at last

Beauty is like remembrance, cast

         From Time long past.

On a Dead Violet

To —–

The odour from the flower is gone

   Which like thy kisses breathed on me;

The colour from the flower is flown

   Which glowed of thee and only thee.

5A shrivelled, lifeless, vacant form

   It lies on my abandoned breast,

And mocks the heart which yet is warm

   With its cold, silent rest.

I weep—my tears revive it not,

10   I sigh—it breathes no more on me;

Its mute and uncomplaining lot

   Is such as mine should be.

On the Medusa of Leonardo da Vinci,
In the Florentine Gallery

It lieth, gazing on the midnight sky,

   Upon the cloudy mountain peak supine;

Below, far lands are seen tremblingly;

   Its horror and its beauty are divine.

5Upon its lips and eyelids seems to lie

   Loveliness like a shadow, from which shine,

Fiery and lurid, struggling underneath,

The agonies of anguish and of death.

Yet it is less the horror than the grace

10   Which turns the gazer’s spirit into stone

Whereon the lineaments of that dead face

   Are graven, till the characters be grown

Into itself, and thought no more can trace;

   ’Tis the melodious hues of beauty thrown

15Athwart the darkness and the glare of pain,

Which humanize and harmonize the strain.

And from its head as from one body grow,

   As [ ] grass out of a watery rock,

Hairs which are vipers, and they curl and flow,

20   And their long tangles in each other lock,

And with unending involutions shew

   Their mailed radiance, as it were to mock

The torture and the death within, and saw

The solid air with many a ragged jaw.

25 And from a stone beside, a poisonous eft

   Peeps idly into these Gorgonian eyes;

Whilst in the air a ghastly bat, bereft

   Of sense, has flitted with a mad surprise

Out of the cave this hideous light hath cleft,

30   And he comes hastening like a moth that hies

After a taper; and the midnight sky

Flares, a light more dread than obscurity.

’Tis the tempestuous loveliness of terror;

   For from the serpents gleams a brazen glare

35Kindled by that inextricable error

   Which makes a thrilling vapour of the air

Become a [ ] and ever-shifting mirror

   Of all the beauty and the terror there—

A woman’s countenance, with serpent locks,

40Gazing in death on heaven from those wet rocks.

To Night

Swiftly walk o’er the western wave,

         Spirit of Night!

Out of the misty eastern cave

Where, all the long and lone daylight

5Thou wovest dreams of joy and fear,

Which make thee terrible and dear,—

         Swift be thy flight!

Wrap thy form in a mantle grey,

         Star-inwrought!

10Blind with thine hair the eyes of day,

Kiss her until she be wearied out,

Then wander o’er city and sea and land

Touching all with thine opiate wand—

         Come, long-sought!

15When I arose and saw the dawn

         I sighed for thee;

When Light rode high, and the dew was gone

And noon lay heavy on flower and tree,

And the weary Day turned to his rest

20Lingering like an unloved guest,

         I sighed for thee.

Thy brother Death came, and cried,

         Wouldst thou me?

Thy sweet child Sleep, the filmy-eyed,

25Murmured like a noontide bee,

Shall I nestle near thy side?

Wouldst thou me? And I replied,

         No, not thee!

Death will come when thou art dead,

30         Soon, too soon—

Sleep will come when thou art fled;

Of neither would I ask the boon

I ask of thee, beloved Night—

Swift be thine approaching flight,

35         Come soon, soon!

England in 1819

An old, mad, blind, despised and dying King;

Princes, the dregs of their dull race, who flow

Through public scorn,—mud from a muddy spring;

Rulers who neither see nor feel nor know,

5But leechlike to their fainting country cling

Till they drop, blind in blood, without a blow;

A people starved and stabbed on th’ untilled field;

An army which liberticide and prey

Makes as a two-edged sword to all who wield;

10Golden and sanguine laws which tempt and slay;

Religion Christless, Godless, a book sealed;

A senate, Time’s worst statute, unrepealed,

Are graves from which a glorious Phantom may

Burst, to illumine our tempestuous day.

Song

To the Men of England

Men of England, wherefore plough

For the lords who lay ye low?

Wherefore weave with toil and care

The rich robes your tyrants wear?

5Wherefore feed and clothe and save

From the cradle to the grave

Those ungrateful drones who would

Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood?

Wherefore, Bees of England, forge

10Many a weapon, chain and scourge,

That these stingless drones may spoil

The forced produce of your toil?

Have ye leisure, comfort, calm,

Shelter, food, love’s gentle balm?

15Or what is it ye buy so dear

With your pain and with your fear?

The seed ye sow, another reaps;

The wealth ye find, another keeps;

The robes ye weave, another wears;

20The arms ye forge, another bears.

Sow seed—but let no tyrant reap:

Find wealth—let no impostor heap:

Weave robes—let not the idle wear:

Forge arms—in your defence to bear.

25Shrink to your cellars, holes, and cells—

In halls ye deck another dwells.

Why shake the chains ye wrought? Ye see

The steel ye tempered glance on ye.

With plough and spade and hoe and loom

30Trace your grave and build your tomb,

And weave your winding-sheet—till fair

England be your Sepulchre.

To —– (‘Corpses are cold in the tomb’)

   Corpses are cold in the tomb—

   Stones on the pavement are dumb—

   Abortions are dead in the womb

And their mothers look pale, like the death-white shore

5   Of Albion, free no more.

   Her sons are as stones in the way—

   They are masses of senseless clay—

   They are trodden and move not away—

The abortion with which she travaileth

10   Is Liberty, smitten to death.

   Then trample and dance, thou Oppressor!

   For thy Victim is no redressor;

   Thou art sole lord and possessor

Of her corpses and clods and abortions—they pave

15   Thy path to the grave.

   Hearest thou the festival din

   Of Death and Destruction and Sin,

   And Wealth crying ‘havoc!’ within?

’Tis the Bacchanal triumph that makes truth dumb—

20   Thine Epithalamium

   Aye, marry thy ghastly wife!

   Let Fear and Disquiet and Strife

   Spread thy couch in the chamber of Life:

Marry Ruin, thou Tyrant, and Hell be thy guide

25   To the bed of the bride.

The Sensitive-Plant

PART FIRST

A Sensitive-plant in a garden grew,

And the young winds fed it with silver dew,

And it opened its fan-like leaves to the light

And closed them beneath the kisses of night.

5And the Spring arose on the garden fair

Like the Spirit of love felt everywhere;

And each flower and herb on Earth’s dark breast

Rose from the dreams of its wintry rest.

But none ever trembled and panted with bliss

10In the garden, the field or the wilderness,

Like a doe in the noon-tide with love’s sweet want

As the companionless Sensitive-plant.

The snow-drop and then the violet

Arose from the ground with warm rain wet,

15And their breath was mixed with fresh odour, sent

From the turf, like the voice and the instrument.

Then the pied wind-flowers and the tulip tall,

And narcissi, the fairest among them all,

Who gaze on their eyes in the stream’s recess

20Till they die of their own dear loveliness;

And the Naiad-like lily of the vale

Whom youth makes so fair and passion so pale,

That the light of its tremulous bells is seen

Through their pavilions of tender green;

25And the hyacinth purple, and white, and blue

Which flung from its bells a sweet peal anew

Of music so delicate, soft and intense,

It was felt like an odour within the sense;

And the rose like a nymph to the bath addrest,

30Which unveiled the depth of her glowing breast,

Till, fold after fold, to the fainting air

The soul of her beauty and love lay bare;

And the wand-like lily which lifted up,

As a Maenad, its moonlight-coloured cup

35Till the fiery star, which is its eye,

Gazed through clear dew on the tender sky;

And the jessamine faint, and the sweet tuberose,

The sweetest flower for scent that blows;

And all rare blossoms from every clime

40Grew in that garden in perfect prime.

And on the stream whose inconstant bosom

Was prankt under boughs of embowering blossom

With golden and green light, slanting through

Their Heaven of many a tangled hue,

45Broad water lilies lay tremulously,

And starry river-buds glimmered by,

And around them the soft stream did glide and dance

With a motion of sweet sound and radiance.

And the sinuous paths of lawn and of moss

50Which led through the garden along and across,

Some open at once to the sun and the breeze,

Some lost among bowers of blossoming trees,

Were all paved with daisies and delicate bells

As fair as the fabulous asphodels,

55And flow’rets which drooping as day drooped too

Fell into pavilions, white, purple, and blue,

To roof the glow-worm from the evening dew.

And from this undefiled Paradise

The flowers (as an infant’s awakening eyes

60Smile on its mother, whose singing sweet

Can first lull, and at last must awaken it),

When Heaven’s blithe winds had unfolded them,

As mine-lamps enkindle a hidden gem,

Shone smiling to Heaven, and every one

65Shared joy in the light of the gentle sun;

For each one was interpenetrated

With the light and the odour its neighbour shed,

Like young lovers whom youth and love make dear

Wrapped and filled by their mutual atmosphere.

70But the Sensitive-plant which could give small fruit

Of the love which it felt from the leaf to the root,

Received more than all—it loved more than ever,

Where none wanted but it, could belong to the giver.

For the Sensitive-plant has no bright flower;

75Radiance and odour are not its dower;

It loves, even like Love, its deep heart is full,

It desires what it has not—the beautiful!

The light winds which from unsustaining wings

Shed the music of many murmurings;

80The beams which dart from many a star

Of the flowers whose hues they bear afar;

The plumed insects swift and free,

Like golden boats on a sunny sea,

Laden with light and odour, which pass

85Over the gleam of the living grass;

The unseen clouds of the dew, which lie

Like fire in the flowers till the Sun rides high,

Then wander like spirits among the spheres,

Each cloud faint with the fragrance it bears;

90The quivering vapours of dim noontide,

Which like a sea o’er the warm earth glide,

In which every sound, and odour, and beam

Move, as reeds in a single stream;

Each, and all, like ministering angels were

95For the Sensitive-plant sweet joy to bear

Whilst the lagging hours of the day went by

Like windless clouds o’er a tender sky.

And when evening descended from Heaven above,

And the Earth was all rest, and the air was all love,

100And delight, tho’ less bright, was far more deep,

And the day’s veil fell from the world of sleep,

And the beasts, and the birds, and the insects were drowned

In an ocean of dreams without a sound

Whose waves never mark, tho’ they ever impress

105The light sand which paves it—Consciousness;

(Only over head the sweet nightingale

Ever sang more sweet as the day might fail,

And snatches of its Elysian chant

Were mixed with the dreams of the Sensitive-plant).

110The Sensitive-plant was the earliest

Up-gathered into the bosom of rest;

A sweet child weary of its delight,

The feeblest and yet the favourite—

Cradled within the embrace of night.

PART SECOND

There was a Power in this sweet place,

An Eve in this Eden; a ruling grace

Which to the flowers did they waken or dream,

Was as God is to the starry scheme.

5A Lady, the wonder of her kind,

Whose form was upborne by a lovely mind

Which, dilating, had moulded her mien and motion

Like a sea-flower unfolded beneath the ocean,

Tended the garden from morn to even:

10And the meteors of that sublunar Heaven,

Like the lamps of the air when night walks forth,

Laughed round her footsteps up from the Earth!

She had no companion of mortal race,

But her tremulous breath and her flushing face

15Told, whilst the morn kissed the sleep from her eyes

That her dreams were less slumber than Paradise:

As if some bright Spirit for her sweet sake

Had deserted heaven while the stars were awake,

As if yet around her he lingering were,

20Tho’ the veil of daylight concealed him from her.

Her step seemed to pity the grass it prest;

You might hear by the heaving of her breast,

That the coming and going of the wind

Brought pleasure there and left passion behind.

25And wherever her airy footstep trod,

Her trailing hair from the grassy sod

Erased its light vestige, with shadowy sweep,

Like a sunny storm o’er the dark green deep.

I doubt not the flowers of that garden sweet

30Rejoiced in the sound of her gentle feet;

I doubt not they felt the spirit that came

From her glowing fingers thro’ all their frame.

She sprinkled bright water from the stream

On those that were faint with the sunny beam;

35And out of the cups of the heavy flowers

She emptied the rain of the thunder showers.

She lifted their heads with her tender hands

And sustained them with rods and ozier bands;

If the flowers had been her own infants she

40Could never have nursed them more tenderly.

And all killing insects and gnawing worms

And things of obscene and unlovely forms

She bore, in a basket of Indian woof,

Into the rough woods far aloof,

45In a basket of grasses and wild flowers full,

The freshest her gentle hands could pull

For the poor banished insects, whose intent,

Although they did ill, was innocent.

But the bee and the beam-like ephemeris

50Whose path is the lightning’s, and soft moths that kiss

The sweet lips of the flowers, and harm not, did she

Make her attendant angels be.

And many an antenatal tomb

Where butterflies dream of the life to come

55She left, clinging round the smooth and dark

Edge of the odorous Cedar bark.

This fairest creature from earliest spring

Thus moved through the garden ministering

All the sweet season of summer tide,

60And ere the first leaf looked brown—she died!

PART THIRD

Three days the flowers of the garden fair,

Like stars when the moon is awakened, were;

Or the waves of Baiae, ere luminous

She floats up through the smoke of Vesuvius.

5And on the fourth, the Sensitive-plant

Felt the sound of the funeral chaunt

And the steps of the bearers heavy and slow,

And the sobs of the mourners deep and low;

The weary sound and the heavy breath

10And the silent motions of passing death

And the smell, cold, oppressive and dank,

Sent through the pores of the coffin plank;

The dark grass, and the flowers among the grass,

Were bright with tears as the crowd did pass;

15From their sighs the wind caught a mournful tone

And sate in the pines and gave groan for groan.

The garden once fair became cold and foul

Like the corpse of her who had been its soul,

Which at first was lovely as if in sleep,

20Then slowly changed, till it grew a heap

To make men tremble who never weep.

Swift summer into the autumn flowed,

And frost in the mist of the morning rode

Though the noonday sun looked clear and bright,

25Mocking the spoil of the secret night.

The rose leaves, like flakes of crimson snow,

Paved the turf and the moss below:

The lilies were drooping, and white, and wan,

Like the head and the skin of a dying man.

30And Indian plants, of scent and hue

The sweetest that ever were fed on dew,

Leaf after leaf, day after day,

Were massed into the common clay.

And the leaves, brown, yellow, and grey, and red,

35And white with the whiteness of what is dead,

Like troops of ghosts on the dry wind past;

Their whistling noise made the birds aghast.

And the gusty winds waked the winged seeds

Out of their birthplace of ugly weeds,

40Till they clung round many a sweet flower’s stem

Which rotted into the earth with them.

The water-blooms under the rivulet

Fell from the stalks on which they were set;

And the eddies drove them here and there

45As the winds did those of the upper air.

Then the rain came down, and the broken stalks

Were bent and tangled across the walks;

And the leafless net-work of parasite bowers

Massed into ruin; and all sweet flowers.

50Between the time of the wind and the snow

All loathliest weeds began to grow,

Whose coarse leaves were splashed with many a speck

Like the water-snake’s belly and the toad’s back.

And thistles, and nettles, and darnels rank,

55And the dock, and henbane; and hemlock dank

Stretched out its long and hollow shank

And stifled the air, till the dead wind stank.

And plants at whose names the verse feels loath

Filled the place with a monstrous undergrowth,

60Prickly, and pulpous, and blistering, and blue,

Livid, and starred with a lurid dew.

And agarics and fungi, with mildew and mould

Started like mist from the wet ground cold;

Pale, fleshy,—as if the decaying dead

65With a spirit of growth had been animated!

Their mass rotted off them, flake by flake,

Till the thick stalk stuck like a murderer’s stake,

Where rags of loose flesh yet tremble on high

Infecting the winds that wander by.

70Spawn, weeds and filth, a leprous scum,

Made the running rivulet thick and dumb,

And at its outlet flags huge as stakes

Dammed it up with roots knotted like water-snakes.

And hour by hour, when the air was still,

75The vapours arose which have strength to kill:

At morn they were seen, at noon they were felt,

At night they were darkness no star could melt.

And unctuous meteors from spray to spray

Crept and flitted in broad noon-day

80Unseen; every branch on which they alit

By a venomous blight was burned and bit.

The Sensitive-plant like one forbid

Wept, and the tears, within each lid

Of its folded leaves which together grew,

85Were changed to a blight of frozen glue.

For the leaves soon fell, and the branches soon

By the heavy axe of the blast were hewn;

The sap shrank to the root through every pore

As blood to a heart that will beat no more.

90For Winter came—the wind was his whip—

One choppy finger was on his lip:

He had torn the cataracts from the hills

And they clanked at his girdle like manacles;

His breath was a chain which without a sound

95The earth and the air and the water bound;

He came, fiercely driven in his Chariot-throne

By the tenfold blasts of the arctic zone.

Then the weeds which were forms of living death

Fled from the frost to the Earth beneath.

100Their decay and sudden flight from frost

Was but like the vanishing of a ghost!

And under the roots of the Sensitive-plant

The moles and the dormice died for want.

The birds dropped stiff from the frozen air

105And were caught in the branches naked and bare.

First there came down a thawing rain

And its dull drops froze on the boughs again;

Then there steamed up a freezing dew

Which to the drops of the thaw-rain grew;

110And a northern whirlwind, wandering about

Like a wolf that had smelt a dead child out,

Shook the boughs thus laden and heavy and stiff

And snapped them off with his rigid griff.

When winter had gone and spring came back

115The Sensitive-plant was a leafless wreck;

But the mandrakes and toadstools and docks and darnels

Rose like the dead from their ruined charnels.

CONCLUSION

Whether the Sensitive-plant, or that

Which within its boughs like a spirit sat

Ere its outward form had known decay,

Now felt this change,—I cannot say.

5Whether that Lady’s gentle mind,

No longer with the form combined

Which scattered love, as stars do light,

Found sadness, where it left delight,

I dare not guess; but in this life

10Of error, ignorance and strife—

Where nothing is, but all things seem,

And we, the shadows of the dream,

It is a modest creed, and yet

Pleasant if one considers it,

15To own that death itself must be,

Like all the rest,—a mockery.

That Garden sweet, that Lady fair,

And all sweet shapes and odours there,

In truth have never pass’d away—

20’Tis we, ’tis ours, are changed—not they.

For love, and beauty, and delight

There is no death nor change: their might

Exceeds our organs—which endure

No light, being themselves obscure.

An Exhortation

Camelions feed on light and air:

   Poets’ food is love and fame:

If in this wide world of care

   Poets could but find the same

5With as little toil as they,

   Would they ever change their hue

   As the light camelions do,

Suiting it to every ray

Twenty times a-day?

10Poets are on this cold earth

   As camelions might be,

Hidden from their early birth

   In a cave beneath the sea;

Where light is, camelions change:

15   Where love is not, poets do:

   Fame is love disguised: if few

Find either, never think it strange

That poets range.

Yet dare not stain with wealth or power

20   A poet’s free and heavenly mind:

If bright camelions should devour

   Any food but beams and wind,

They would grow as earthly soon

   As their brother lizards are.

25   Children of a sunnier star,

Spirits from beyond the moon,

O, refuse the boon!

Song of Apollo

The sleepless Hours who watch me as I lie

   Curtained with star-enwoven tapestries

From the broad moonlight of the open sky,

   Fanning the busy dreams from my dim eyes,

5Waken me when their mother, the grey Dawn,

Tells them that Dreams and that the moon is gone.

Then I arise; and climbing Heaven’s blue dome

   I walk over the mountains and the waves,

Leaving my robe upon the Ocean foam.

10   My footsteps pave the clouds with fire; the caves

Are filled with my bright presence, and the air

Leaves the green Earth to my embraces bare.

The sunbeams are my shafts with which I kill

   Deceit, that loves the night and fears the day.

15All men who do, or even imagine ill

   Fly me; and from the glory of my ray

Good minds, and open actions, take new might

Until diminished by the reign of night.

I feed the clouds, the rainbows and the flowers

20   With their aetherial colours; the moon’s globe

And the pure stars in their eternal bowers

   Are cinctured with my power as with a robe;

Whatever lamps on Earth or Heaven may shine

Are portions of one spirit; which is mine.

25I stand at noon upon the peak of Heaven;

   Then with unwilling steps, I linger down

To the clouds of the Atlantic even.

   For grief that I depart they weep and frown—

What look is more delightful, than the smile

30With which I soothe them from the Western isle?

I am the eye with which the Universe

   Beholds itself, and knows it is divine.

All harmony of instrument and verse,

   All prophecy and medicine are mine;

35All light of art or nature—to my song

Victory and praise, in its own right, belong.

Song of Pan

From the forests and highlands

   We come, we come;

From the river-girt islands

   Where loud waves were dumb

5Listening my sweet pipings.

      The wind in the reeds and the rushes,

      The bees in the bells of thyme,

      The birds in the myrtle bushes,

      The cicadae above in the lime,

10         And the lizards below in the grass,

Were silent as even old Tmolus was,

         Listening my sweet pipings.

Liquid Peneus was flowing—

   And all dark Tempe lay

15In [ ? ] shadow, outgrowing

   The light of the dying day,

Speeded with my sweet pipings.

      The sileni and sylvans and fauns

      And the nymphs of the woods and the waves

20      To the edge of the moist river-lawns

      And the brink of the dewy caves,

         And all that did then attend and follow,

Were as silent for love, as you now, Apollo,

         For envy of my sweet pipings.

25I sang of the dancing stars,

   I sang of the daedal Earth,

And of Heaven, and the giant wars,

   And Love and Death and Birth;

And then I changed my pipings,

30      Singing how, down the vales of Maenalus

      I pursued a maiden and clasped a reed:

      Gods and men, we are all deluded thus!—

      It breaks on our bosom and then we bleed;

         They wept as I think both ye now would,

35If envy or age had not frozen your blood,

         At the sorrow of my sweet pipings.

The Cloud

I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,

   From the seas and the streams;

I bear light shade for the leaves when laid

   In their noon-day dreams.

5From my wings are shaken the dews that waken

   The sweet buds every one,

When rocked to rest on their mother’s breast,

   As she dances about the sun.

I wield the flail of the lashing hail,

10   And whiten the green plains under,

And then again I dissolve it in rain,

   And laugh as I pass in thunder.

I sift the snow on the mountains below,

   And their great pines groan aghast;

15And all the night ’tis my pillow white,

   While I sleep in the arms of the blast.

Sublime on the towers of my skiey bowers,

   Lightning my pilot sits;

In a cavern under is fettered the thunder,

20   It struggles and howls at fits;

Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,

   This pilot is guiding me,

Lured by the love of the genii that move

   In the depths of the purple sea;

25Over the rills, and the crags, and the hills,

   Over the lakes and the plains,

Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream

   The Spirit he loves remains;

And I all the while bask in heaven’s blue smile,

30   Whilst he is dissolving in rains.

The sanguine sunrise, with his meteor eyes,

   And his burning plumes outspread,

Leaps on the back of my sailing rack,

   When the morning star shines dead,

35As on the jag of a mountain crag,

   Which an earthquake rocks and swings,

An eagle alit one moment may sit

   In the light of its golden wings.

And when Sunset may breathe, from the lit Sea beneath,

40   Its ardours of rest and love,

And the crimson pall of eve may fall

   From the depth of Heaven above,

With wings folded I rest, on mine aëry nest,

   As still as a brooding dove.

45That orbed maiden with white fire laden,

   Whom mortals call the moon,

Glides glimmering o’er my fleece-like floor,

   By the midnight breezes strewn;

And wherever the beat of her unseen feet,

50   Which only the angels hear,

May have broken the woof of my tent’s thin roof,

   The stars peep behind her, and peer;

And I laugh to see them whirl and flee,

   Like a swarm of golden bees,

55When I widen the rent in my wind-built tent,

   Till the calm rivers, lakes, and seas,

Like strips of the sky fallen through me on high,

   Are each paved with the moon and these.

I bind the Sun’s throne with a burning zone,

60   And the moon’s with a girdle of pearl;

The volcanoes are dim, and the stars reel and swim,

   When the whirlwinds my banner unfurl.

From cape to cape, with a bridge-like shape,

   Over a torrent sea,

65Sunbeam-proof, I hang like a roof;

   The mountains its columns be!

The triumphal arch, through which I march

   With hurricane, fire, and snow,

When the Powers of the Air are chained to my chair,

70   Is the million-coloured Bow;

The sphere-fire above its soft colours wove,

   While the moist earth was laughing below.

I am the daughter of Earth and Water,

   And the nursling of the sky;

75I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;

   I change, but I cannot die—

For after the rain, when with never a stain,

   The pavilion of Heaven is bare,

And the winds and sunbeams, with their convex gleams,

80   Build up the blue Dome of Air,

I silently laugh at my own cenotaph,

   And out of the caverns of rain,

Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb,

   I arise, and unbuild it again.

‘God save the Queen!’

[A New National Anthem]

God! prosper, speed and save,

God! raise from England’s grave

   Her murdered Queen.

Pave with swift victory

5The steps of Liberty

Whom Britons own to be

   Immortal Queen!

See, she comes throned on high,

On swift Eternity,

10   God save the Queen!

Millions on millions wait

Firm, rapid, [ ], elate,

On her [?approaching] state,

   God save the Queen!

15She is thine own pure soul

[?Moulding] the mighty whole,

   God save our Queen!

She is thine own deep love,

Rained down from Heaven above,

20Wherever she rest or move,

   God save our Queen!

Wilder her enemies

In their own dark disguise,

   God save our Queen!

25All earthly things that dare

Her sacred name to wear,

Strip them, as Kings [ ] bare;

   God save our Queen!

Be her eternal throne

30Built in our hearts alone,

   God save our Queen!

Let the Oppressor hold

Canopied seats of gold,

She sits enthroned of old

35   O’er our hearts, Queen.

Lips, touched by seraphim,

Breathe out the choral hymn,

   God save the Queen!

Sweet as if Angels sang,

40Loud as that [ ] clang

Wakening the world’s dead gang,

   God save the Queen!

Translation of Dante’s Purgatorio, Canto XXVIII, lines 1–51

[Matilda Gathering Flowers]

Earnest to explore within and all around

The divine wood, whose thick green living woof

Tempered the young day to the sight, I wound

Up the [green] slope, beneath the [forest’s] roof,

5With slow [soft] steps, leaving the abrupt shelf

And the [     ] aloof—

A gentle air which had within itself

No motion struck upon my forehead bare

Like the soft stroke of a continuous wind

10In which the passive leaves tremblingly were

All bent towards that [part] where earliest

That sacred hill obscures the morning air,

Yet were they not so shaken from their rest

But that the birds, perched on the utmost spray

15[Incessantly] renewing their blithe quest,

With perfect joy received the early day

Singing within the glancing leaves, whose sound

Kept one low burthen to their roundelay

Such as from bough to bough gathers around

20The pine forest on bleak Chiassi’s shore

When Aeolus Sirocco has unbound.

My slow steps had already borne me o’er

Such space within the antique wood, that I

Perceived not where I entered any more,

25When lo, a stream whose little waves went by,

Bending towards the left the grass that grew

Upon its bank, impeded suddenly

My going on—waters of purest hue

On Earth, would appear turbid and impure

30Compared with this, whose unconcealing dew,

Dark, dark, [yet] clear, moved under the obscure

Eternal shades, whose [?intense] [ ] [glooms]

No rays of moon or sunlight e’er endure.

I moved not with my feet, but amid the glooms

35I pierced with my charmed sight, contemplating

The mighty multitude of fresh May blooms,

And then appeared to me—even like a thing

Which suddenly for blank astonishment

Dissolves all other thought, [   ]

40A solitary woman, and she went

Singing and gathering flower after flower

With which her way was painted and besprent.

‘Bright lady, who if looks had ever power

To bear firm witness of the heart within,

45Dost bask under the beams of love, come lower

‘[Towards] this bank; I prithee let me win

Thus much of thee that thou shouldst come anear

So I may hear thy song—like Proserpine

‘Thou seemest to my fancy, singing here

50And gathering flowers, at that [sweet] time when

She lost the spring and Ceres her … more dear.’

Evening. Ponte a Mare, Pisa

The sun is set, the swallows are asleep,

   The bats are flitting fast in the grey air;

The slow soft toads out of damp corners creep,

   And evening’s breath, wandering here and there

5Over the gleaming surface of the stream,

Wakes not one ripple from its summer dream.

There is no dew on the dry grass tonight,

   Nor damp within the shadow of the trees;

The wind is intermitting, dry and light,

10   And in the inconstant motion of the breeze

The dust and straws are driven up and down

And whirled about the pavement of the Town.

Within the surface of the fleeting river

   The wrinkled image of the city lay

15Immoveably unquiet—and forever

   It trembles but it never fades away;

Go to the Indies [         ]

You, being changed, will find it then as now.

The chasm in which the sun has sunk is shut

20   By darkest barriers of cinereous cloud

Like mountain over mountain huddled but

   Growing and moving upwards in a crowd,

And over it a space of watery blue

Which the keen evening star is shining through.

25And overhead hangs many a flaccid fold

   Of lurid thundersmoke most heavily,

A streak of dun and sulphureous gold

Ode to Liberty

Yet, Freedom, yet thy banner torn but flying,

Streams like a thunder-storm against the wind.

  Byron

I

A glorious people vibrated again

   The lightning of the nations: Liberty

From heart to heart, from tower to tower, o’er Spain,

   Scattering contagious fire into the sky,

5Gleamed. My soul spurned the chains of its dismay,

         And, in the rapid plumes of song

         Clothed itself, sublime and strong;

As a young eagle soars the morning clouds among,

   Hovering in verse o’er its accustomed prey;

10      Till from its station in the heaven of fame

   The Spirit’s whirlwind rapt it, and the ray

      Of the remotest sphere of living flame

Which paves the void was from behind it flung,

   As foam from a ship’s swiftness, when there came

15   A voice out of the deep: I will record the same.

II

The Sun and the serenest Moon sprang forth:

   The burning stars of the abyss were hurled

Into the depths of heaven. The daedal earth,

   That island in the ocean of the world,

20Hung in its cloud of all-sustaining air:

         But this divinest universe

         Was yet a chaos and a curse,

For thou wert not: but power from worst producing worse,

   The spirit of the beasts was kindled there,

25      And of the birds, and of the watery forms,

   And there was war among them, and despair

      Within them, raging without truce or terms:

The bosom of their violated nurse

   Groan’d, for beasts warr’d on beasts, and worms on worms,

30   And men on men; each heart was as a hell of storms.

III

Man, the imperial shape, then multiplied

   His generations under the pavilion

Of the Sun’s throne: palace and pyramid,

   Temple and prison, to many a swarming million,

35Were, as to mountain-wolves their ragged caves.

         This human living multitude

         Was savage, cunning, blind, and rude,

For thou wert not; but o’er the populous solitude,

   Like one fierce cloud over a waste of waves

40      Hung tyranny; beneath, sate deified

   The sister-pest, congregator of slaves;

      Into the shadow of her pinions wide,

Anarchs and priests who feed on gold and blood,

   Till with the stain their inmost souls are dyed,

45   Drove the astonished herds of men from every side.

IV

The nodding promontories, and blue isles,

   And cloud-like mountains, and dividuous waves

Of Greece, basked glorious in the open smiles

   Of favouring heaven: from their enchanted caves

50Prophetic echoes flung dim melody

         On the unapprehensive wild.

         The vine, the corn, the olive mild,

Grew savage yet, to human use unreconciled;

   And, like unfolded flowers beneath the sea,

55      Like the man’s thought dark in the infant’s brain,

   Like aught that is which wraps what is to be,

      Art’s deathless dreams lay veiled by many a vein

Of Parian stone; and yet a speechless child,

   Verse murmured, and Philosophy did strain

60   Her lidless eyes for thee; when o’er the Aegean main

V

Athens arose: a city such as vision

   Builds from the purple crags and silver towers

Of battlemented cloud, as in derision

   Of kingliest masonry: the ocean-floors

65Pave it; the evening sky pavilions it;

         Its portals are inhabited

         By thunder-zoned winds, each head

Within its cloudy wings with sunfire garlanded,

   A divine work! Athens diviner yet

70      Gleamed with its crest of columns, on the will

   Of man, as on a mount of diamond, set;

      For thou wert, and thine all-creative skill

Peopled with forms that mock the eternal dead

   In marble immortality, that hill

75   Which was thine earliest throne and latest oracle.

VI

Within the surface of Time’s fleeting river

   Its wrinkled image lies, as then it lay

Immoveably unquiet, and for ever

   It trembles, but it cannot pass away!

80The voices of its bards and sages thunder

         With an earth-awakening blast

         Through the caverns of the past;

Religion veils her eyes; Oppression shrinks aghast:

   A winged sound of joy, and love, and wonder,

85      Which soars where Expectation never flew,

   Rending the veil of space and time asunder!

      One ocean feeds the clouds, and streams, and dew;

One sun illumines heaven; one spirit vast

   With life and love makes chaos ever new,

90   As Athens doth the world with thy delight renew.

VII

Then Rome was, and from thy deep bosom fairest,

   Like a wolf-cub from a Cadmaean Maenad,*

She drew the milk of greatness, though thy dearest

   From that Elysian food was yet unweaned;

95And many a deed of terrible uprightness

         By thy sweet love was sanctified;

         And in thy smile, and by thy side,

Saintly Camillus lived, and firm Atilius died.

   But when tears stained thy robe of vestal whiteness,

100      And gold profaned thy Capitolian throne,

   Thou didst desert, with spirit-winged lightness,

      The senate of the tyrants: they sunk prone

Slaves of one tyrant: Palatinus sighed

   Faint echoes of Ionian song; that tone

105   Thou didst delay to hear, lamenting to disown.

VIII

From what Hyrcanian glen or frozen hill,

   Or piny promontory of the Arctic main,

Or utmost islet inaccessible,

   Didst thou lament the ruin of thy reign,

110Teaching the woods and waves, and desart rocks,

         And every Naiad’s ice-cold urn,

         To talk in echoes sad and stern,

Of that sublimest lore which man had dared unlearn?

   For neither didst thou watch the wizard flocks

115      Of the Scald’s dreams, nor haunt the Druid’s sleep.

   What if the tears rained through thy shattered locks

      Were quickly dried? for thou didst groan, not weep,

When from its sea of death to kill and burn,

   The Galilean serpent forth did creep,

120   And made thy world an undistinguishable heap.

IX

A thousand years the Earth cried, Where art thou?

   And then the shadow of thy coming fell

On Saxon Alfred’s olive-cinctured brow:

   And many a warrior-peopled citadel,

125Like rocks which fire lifts out of the flat deep,

         Arose in sacred Italy,

         Frowning o’er the tempestuous sea

Of kings, and priests, and slaves, in tower-crowned majesty;

   That multitudinous anarchy did sweep

130      And burst around their walls, like idle foam,

   Whilst from the human spirit’s deepest deep

      Strange melody with love and awe struck dumb

Dissonant arms; and Art, which cannot die,

   With divine wand traced on our earthly home

135   Fit imagery to pave heaven’s everlasting dome.

X

Thou huntress swifter than the Moon! thou terror

   Of the world’s wolves! thou bearer of the quiver

Whose sunlike shafts pierce tempest-winged Error,

   As light may pierce the clouds when they dissever

140In the calm regions of the orient day!

         Luther caught thy wakening glance,

         Like lightning, from his leaden lance

Reflected, it dissolved the visions of the trance

   In which, as in a tomb, the nations lay;

145         And England’s prophets hailed thee as their queen,

   In songs whose music cannot pass away,

      Though it must flow for ever: not unseen

Before the spirit-sighted countenance

   Of Milton didst thou pass, from the sad scene

150   Beyond whose night he saw, with a dejected mien.

XI

The eager hours and unreluctant years

   As on a dawn-illumined mountain stood,

Trampling to silence their loud hopes and fears,

   Darkening each other with their multitude,

155And cried aloud, Liberty! Indignation

         Answered Pity from her cave;

         Death grew pale within the grave,

And Desolation howled to the destroyer, Save!

   When like heaven’s sun girt by the exhalation

160      Of its own glorious light, thou didst arise,

   Chasing thy foes from nation unto nation

      Like shadows: as if day had cloven the skies

At dreaming midnight o’er the western wave,

   Men started, staggering with a glad surprise,

165   Under the lightnings of thine unfamiliar eyes.

XII

Thou heaven of earth! what spells could pall thee then,

   In ominous eclipse? a thousand years

Bred from the slime of deep oppression’s den,

   Dyed all thy liquid light with blood and tears,

170Till thy sweet stars could weep the stain away;

         How like Bacchanals of blood

         Round France, the ghastly vintage, stood

Destruction’s sceptred slaves, and Folly’s mitred brood!

   When one, like them, but mightier far than they,

175      The Anarch of thine own bewildered powers

   Rose: armies mingled in obscure array,

      Like clouds with clouds, darkening the sacred bowers

Of serene heaven. He, by the past pursued,

   Rests with those dead, but unforgotten hours,

180   Whose ghosts scare victor kings in their ancestral towers.

XIII

England yet sleeps: was she not called of old?

   Spain calls her now, as with its thrilling thunder

Vesuvius wakens Aetna, and the cold

   Snow-crags by its reply are cloven in sunder:

185O’er the lit waves every Aeolian isle

         From Pithecusa to Pelorus

         Howls, and leaps, and glares in chorus:

They cry, Be dim, ye lamps of heaven suspended o’er us.

   Her chains are threads of gold, she need but smile

190      And they dissolve; but Spain’s were links of steel,

   Till bit to dust by virtue’s keenest file.

      Twins of a single destiny! appeal

To the eternal years enthroned before us,

   In the dim West; impress as from a seal

195   All ye have thought and done! Time cannot dare conceal.

XIV

Tomb of Arminius! render up thy dead,

   Till, like a standard from a watch-tower’s staff,

His soul may stream over the tyrant’s head;

   Thy victory shall be his epitaph,

200Wild Bacchanal of truth’s mysterious wine,

         King-deluded Germany,

         His dead spirit lives in thee.

Why do we fear or hope? thou art already free!

   And thou, lost Paradise of this divine

205      And glorious world! thou flowery wilderness!

   Thou island of eternity! thou shrine

      Where desolation clothed with loveliness

Worships the thing thou wert! O Italy,

   Gather thy blood into thy heart; repress

210   The beasts who make their dens thy sacred palaces.

XV

O, that the free would stamp the impious name

   Of KING into the dust! or write it there,

So that this blot upon the page of fame

   Were as a serpent’s path, which the light air

215Erases, and the flat sands close behind!

         Ye the oracle have heard:

         Lift the victory-flashing sword,

And cut the snaky knots of this foul gordian word,

   Which weak itself as stubble, yet can bind

220      Into a mass, irrefragably firm,

   The axes and the rods which awe mankind;

      The sound has poison in it, ’tis the sperm

Of what makes life foul, cankerous, and abhorred;

   Disdain not thou, at thine appointed term,

225   To set thine armed heel on this reluctant worm.

XVI

O, that the wise from their bright minds would kindle

   Such lamps within the dome of this dim world,

That the pale name of PRIEST might shrink and dwindle

   Into the hell from which it first was hurled,

230A scoff of impious pride from fiends impure;

         Till human thoughts might kneel alone

         Each before the judgement-throne

Of its own aweless soul, or of the power unknown!

   O, that the words which make the thoughts obscure

235      From which they spring, as clouds of glimmering dew

   From a white lake blot heaven’s blue portraiture,

      Were stript of their thin masks and various hue

And frowns and smiles and splendours not their own,

   Till in the nakedness of false and true

240   They stand before their Lord, each to receive its due.

XVII

He who taught man to vanquish whatsoever

   Can be between the cradle and the grave

Crowned him the King of Life. O vain endeavour!

   If on his own high will a willing slave,

245He has enthroned the oppression and the oppressor.

         What if earth can clothe and feed

         Amplest millions at their need,

And power in thought be as the tree within the seed?

   Or what if Art, an ardent intercessor,

250      Diving on fiery wings to Nature’s throne,

   Checks the great mother stooping to caress her,

      And cries: Give me, thy child, dominion

Over all height and depth? if Life can breed

      New wants, and wealth from those who toil and groan

255      Rend of thy gifts and hers a thousandfold for one.

XVIII

Come Thou, but lead out of the inmost cave

   Of man’s deep spirit, as the morning-star

Beckons the Sun from the Eoan wave,

   Wisdom. I hear the pennons of her car

260Self-moving, like cloud charioted by flame;

         Comes she not, and come ye not,

         Rulers of eternal thought,

To judge, with solemn truth, life’s ill-apportioned lot?

   Blind Love, and equal Justice, and the Fame

265      Of what has been, the Hope of what will be?

   O, Liberty! if such could be thy name

      Wert thou disjoined from these, or they from thee:

If thine or theirs were treasures to be bought

   By blood or tears, have not the wise and free

270   Wept tears, and blood like tears? The solemn harmony

XIX

Paused, and the spirit of that mighty singing

   To its abyss was suddenly withdrawn;

Then, as a wild swan, when sublimely winging

   Its path athwart the thunder-smoke of dawn,

275Sinks headlong through the aerial golden light

         On the heavy sounding plain,

         When the bolt has pierced its brain;

As summer clouds dissolve, unburdened of their rain;

   As a far taper fades with fading night,

280      As a brief insect dies with dying day,

   My song, its pinions disarrayed of might,

      Drooped; o’er it closed the echoes far away

Of the great voice which did its flight sustain,

   As waves which lately paved his watery way

285   Hiss round a drowner’s head in their tempestuous play.

To a Sky-Lark

   Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!

         Bird thou never wert,

   That from Heaven, or near it,

         Pourest thy full heart

5In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.

   Higher still and higher

         From the earth thou springest

   Like a cloud of fire;

         The blue deep thou wingest,

10And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.

   In the golden lightning

         Of the sunken Sun,

   O’er which clouds are brightning,

         Thou dost float and run;

15Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.

   The pale purple even

         Melts around thy flight;

   Like a star of Heaven

         In the broad daylight

20Thou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight,

   Keen as are the arrows

         Of that silver sphere,

   Whose intense lamp narrows

         In the white dawn clear,

25Until we hardly see—we feel that it is there.

   All the earth and air

         With thy voice is loud,

   As when Night is bare

         From one lonely cloud

30The moon rains out her beams—and Heaven is overflowed.

   What thou art we know not;

         What is most like thee?

   From rainbow clouds there flow not

         Drops so bright to see

35As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.

   Like a Poet hidden

         In the light of thought,

   Singing hymns unbidden

         Till the world is wrought

40To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not:

   Like a high-born maiden

         In a palace-tower,

   Soothing her love-laden

         Soul in secret hour,

45With music sweet as love—which overflows her bower:

   Like a glow-worm golden

         In a dell of dew,

   Scattering unbeholden

         Its aerial hue

50Among the flowers and grass which screen it from the view:

   Like a rose embowered

         In its own green leaves,

   By warm winds deflowered—

         Till the scent it gives

55Makes faint with too much sweet those heavy-winged thieves:

   Sound of vernal showers

         On the twinkling grass,

   Rain-awakened flowers,

         All that ever was

60Joyous and clear and fresh, thy music doth surpass:

   Teach us, Sprite or Bird,

         What sweet thoughts are thine;

   I have never heard

         Praise of love or wine

65That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine:

   Chorus Hymeneal

         Or triumphal chaunt

   Matched with thine, would be all

         But an empty vaunt,

70A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.

   What objects are the fountains

         Of thy happy strain?

   What fields or waves or mountains?

         What shapes of sky or plain?

75What love of thine own kind? what ignorance of pain?

   With thy clear keen joyance

         Languor cannot be:

   Shadow of annoyance

         Never came near thee:

80Thou lovest; but ne’er knew love’s sad satiety.

   Waking or asleep,

         Thou of death must deem

   Things more true and deep

         Than we mortals dream,

85Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream?

   We look before and after

         And pine for what is not:

   Our sincerest laughter

         With some pain is fraught;

90Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.

   Yet if we could scorn

         Hate and pride and fear;

   If we were things born

         Not to shed a tear,

95I know not how thy joy we ever should come near.

   Better than all measures

         Of delightful sound,

   Better than all treasures

         That in books are found,

100Thy skill to poet were, thou Scorner of the ground!

   Teach me half the gladness

         That thy brain must know,

   Such harmonious madness

         From my lips would flow,

105The world should listen then—as I am listening now.

Letter to Maria Gisborne

The spider spreads her webs, whether she be

In poet’s tower, cellar or barn or tree;

The silkworm in the dark green mulberry leaves

His winding sheet and cradle ever weaves;

5So I, a thing whom moralists call worm,

Sit spinning still round this decaying form,

From the fine threads of verse and subtle thought—

No net of words in garish colours wrought

To catch the idle buzzers of the day—

10But a soft cell, where when that fades away,

Memory may clothe in wings my living name

And feed it with the asphodels of fame,

Which in those hearts which most remember me

Grow, making love an immortality.

15Whoever should behold me now, I wist,

Would think I were a mighty mechanist,

Bent with sublime Archimedean art

To breathe a soul into the iron heart

Of some machine portentous, or strange gin,

20Which, by the force of figured spells might win

Its way over the sea, and sport therein;

For round the walls are hung dread engines, such

As Vulcan never wrought for Jove to clutch

Ixion or the Titans:—or the quick

25Wit of that man of God, St. Dominic,

To convince Atheist, Turk, or Heretic,

Or those in philanthropic council met,

Who thought to pay some interest for the debt

They owed to Jesus Christ for their salvation,

30By giving a faint foretaste of damnation

To Shakespeare, Sidney, Spenser and the rest

Who made our land an island of the blest,

When lamp-like Spain, who now relumes her fire

On Freedom’s hearth, grew dim with Empire—

35With thumbscrews, wheels, with tooth and spike and jag,

Which fishers found under the utmost crag

Of Cornwall and the storm-encompassed isles,

Where to the sky the rude sea rarely smiles

Unless in treacherous wrath, as on the morn

40When the exulting elements in scorn

Satiated with destroyed destruction, lay

Sleeping in beauty on their mangled prey,

As panthers sleep;— and other strange and dread

Magical forms the brick floor overspread—

45Proteus transformed to metal did not make

More figures, or more strange; nor did he take

Such shapes of unintelligible brass,

Or heap himself in such a horrid mass

Of tin and iron not to be understood;

50And forms of unimaginable wood

To puzzle Tubal Cain and all his brood:

Great screws and cones, and wheels and grooved blocks,

The elements of what will stand the shocks

Of wave, and wind and time.—Upon the table

55More knacks and quips there be than I am able

To catalogize in this verse of mine:—

A pretty bowl of wood—not full of wine,

But quicksilver, that dew which the gnomes drink

When at their subterranean toil they swink,

60Pledging the daemons of the earthquake, who

Reply to them in lava—cry halloo!

And call out to the cities o’er their head,—

Roofs, towers, and shrines, the dying and the dead,

Crash through the chinks of earth—and then all quaff

65Another rouse, and hold their sides and laugh.

This quicksilver no gnome has drunk—within

The walnut bowl it lies, veined and thin,

In colour like the wake of light that stains

The Tuscan deep, when from the moist moon rains

70The inmost shower of its white fire—the breeze

Is still—blue heaven smiles over the pale seas.

And in this bowl of quicksilver—for I

Yield to the impulse of an infancy

Outlasting manhood—I have made to float

75A rude idealism of a paper boat:

A hollow screw with cogs—Henry will know

The thing I mean and laugh at me—if so

He fears not I should do more mischief.—Next

Lie bills and calculations much perplexed,

80With steamboats, frigates and machinery quaint

Traced over them in blue and yellow paint.

Then comes a range of mathematical

Instruments, for plans nautical and statical;

A heap of rosin, a queer broken glass

85With ink in it, a china cup that was

What it will never be again, I think,

A thing from which sweet lips were wont to drink

The liquor doctors rail at—and which I

Will quaff in spite of them—and when we die

90We’ll toss up who died first of drinking tea,

And cry out heads or tails? where’er we be.

Near that a dusty paint box, some odd hooks,

A half-burnt match, an ivory block, three books

Where conic sections, spherics, logarithms,

95To great Laplace, from Saunderson and Sims,

Lie heaped in their harmonious disarray

Of figures—disentangle them who may.

Baron de Tott’s memoirs beside them lie,

And some odd volumes of old chemistry.

100Near those a most inexplicable thing,

With lead in the middle—I’m conjecturing

How to make Henry understand—but no,

I’ll leave, as Spenser says, with many mo,

This secret in the pregnant womb of time,

105Too vast a matter for so weak a rhyme.

And here like some weird Archimage sit I,

Plotting dark spells and devilish enginery,

The self-impelling steam-wheels of the mind

Which pump up oaths from clergymen, and grind

110The gentle spirit of our meek reviews

Into a powdery foam of salt abuse,

Ruffling the ocean of their self-content—

I sit, and smile or sigh as is my bent,

But not for them—Libeccio rushes round

115With an inconstant and an idle sound,

I heed him more than them—the thunder-smoke

Is gathering on the mountains, like a cloak

Folded athwart their shoulders broad and bare;

The ripe corn under the undulating air

120Undulates like an ocean—and the vines

Are trembling wide in all their trellised lines—

The murmur of the awakening sea doth fill

The empty pauses of the blast—the hill

Looks hoary through the white electric rain—

125And from the glens beyond, in sullen strain

The interrupted thunder howls; above

One chasm of heaven smiles, like the eye of Love

On the unquiet world—while such things are,

How could one worth your friendship heed the war

130Of worms? the shriek of the world’s carrion jays,

Their censure, or their wonder, or their praise?

You are not here … the quaint witch Memory sees

In vacant chairs your absent images,

And points where once you sat, and now should be

135But are not—I demand if ever we

Shall meet as then we met—and she replies,

Veiling in awe her second-sighted eyes;

‘I know the past alone—but summon home

My sister Hope,— she speaks of all to come.’

140But I, an old diviner, who know well

Every false verse of that sweet oracle,

Turned to the sad enchantress once again,

And sought a respite from my gentle pain,

In citing every passage o’er and o’er

145Of our communion—how on the sea-shore

We watched the ocean and the sky together

Under the roof of blue Italian weather;

How I ran home through last year’s thunderstorm

And felt the transverse lightning linger warm

150Upon my cheek—and how we often made

Feasts for each other, where good will outweighed

The frugal luxury of our country cheer,

As well it might, were it less firm and clear

Than ours must ever be;—and how we spun

155A shroud of talk to hide us from the sun

Of this familiar life, which seems to be

But is not,—or is but quaint mockery

Of all we would believe; or sadly blame

The jarring and inexplicable frame

160Of this wrong world;—and then anatomize

The purposes and thoughts of men whose eyes

Were closed in distant years—or widely guess

The issue of the earth’s great business,

When we shall be as we no longer are—

165Like babbling gossips safe, who hear the war

Of winds, and sigh, but tremble not—or how

You listened to some interrupted flow

Of visionary rhyme, in joy and pain

Struck from the inmost fountains of my brain,

170With little skill perhaps—or how we sought

Those deepest wells of passion and of thought

Wrought by wise poets in the waste of years,

Staining their sacred waters with our tears,

Quenching a thirst ever to be renewed!

175Or how I, wisest lady! then indued

The language of a land which now is free,

And winged with thoughts of truth and majesty

Flits round the tyrant’s sceptre like a cloud,

And bursts the peopled prisons, and cries aloud,

180‘My name is Legion!’—that majestic tongue

Which Calderon over the desert flung

Of ages and of nations; and which found

An echo in our hearts, and with the sound

Startled Oblivion—thou wert then to me

185As is a nurse, when inarticulately

A child would talk as its grown parents do.

If living winds the rapid clouds pursue,

If hawks chase doves through the etherial way,

Huntsmen the innocent deer, and beasts their prey,

190Why should not we rouse with the spirit’s blast

Out of the forest of the pathless past

These recollected pleasures?

                                    You are now

In London, that great sea, whose ebb and flow

At once is deaf and loud, and on the shore

195Vomits its wrecks, and still howls on for more.

Yet in its depth what treasures! You will see

That which was Godwin,—greater none than he

Though fallen—and fallen on evil times—to stand

Among the spirits of our age and land,

200Before the dread tribunal of to come

The foremost—while Rebuke cowers pale and dumb.

You will see Coleridge—he who sits obscure

In the exceeding lustre, and the pure

Intense irradiation of a mind,

205Which, with its own internal lightning blind,

Flags wearily through darkness and despair—

A cloud-encircled meteor of the air,

A hooded eagle among blinking owls.—

You will see Hunt—one of those happy souls

210Who are the salt of the earth, and without whom

This world would smell like what it is—a tomb;

Who is, what others seem—his room no doubt

Is still adorned with many a cast from Shout,

With graceful flowers tastefully placed about,

215And coronals of bay from ribbons hung,

And brighter wreaths in neat disorder flung,

The gifts of the most learn’d among some dozens

Of female friends, sisters-in-law, and cousins.

And there is he with his eternal puns,

220Which beat the dullest brain for smiles, like duns

Thundering for money at a poet’s door;

Alas! it is no use to say, ‘I’m poor!’

Or oft in graver mood, when he will look

Things wiser than were ever read in book,

225Except in Shakespeare’s wisest tenderness.

You will see Hogg—and I cannot express

His virtues, though I know that they are great,

Because he locks, then barricades the gate

Within which they inhabit;—of his wit

230And wisdom, you’ll cry out when you are bit.

He is a pearl within an oyster shell,

One of the richest of the deep. And there

Is English Peacock with his mountain fair,

Turned into a Flamingo, that shy bird

235That gleams i’ the Indian air—have you not heard

When a man marries, dies, or turns Hindoo,

His best friends hear no more of him?—but you

Will see him, and will like him too, I hope,

With the milk-white Snowdonian antelope

240Matched with this cameleopard.—His fine wit

Makes such a wound, the knife is lost in it;

A strain too learned for a shallow age,

Too wise for selfish bigots;—let his page

Which charms the chosen spirits of the time,

245Fold itself up for the serener clime

Of years to come, and find its recompense

In that just expectation.—Wit and sense,

Virtue and human knowledge, all that might

Make this dull world a business of delight,

250Are all combined in Horace Smith—and these,

With some exceptions which I need not tease

Your patience by descanting on,—are all

You and I know in London.

                                    I recall

My thoughts, and bid you look upon the night.

255As water does a sponge, so the moonlight

Fills the void, hollow, universal air—

What see you?—unpavilioned heaven is fair

Whether the moon, into her chamber gone,

Leaves midnight to the golden stars, or wan

260Climbs with diminished beams the azure steep,

Or whether clouds sail o’er the inverse deep,

Piloted by the many-wandering blast,

And the rare stars rush through them dim and fast:—

All this is beautiful in every land.—

265But what see you beside?—a shabby stand

Of hackney-coaches—a brick house or wall

Fencing some lordly court, white with the scrawl

Of our unhappy politics; or worse—

A wretched woman reeling by, whose curse

270Mixed with the watchman’s, partner of her trade,

You must accept in place of serenade—

Or yellow-haired Pollonia murmuring

To Henry some unutterable thing.

I see a chaos of green leaves and fruit

275Built round dark caverns, even to the root

Of the living stems that feed them—in whose bowers

There sleep in their dark dew the folded flowers;

Beyond, the surface of the unsickled corn

Trembles not in the slumbering air, and borne

280In circles quaint, and ever-changing dance,

Like winged stars the fire-flies flash and glance

Pale in the open moonshine, but each one

Under the dark trees seems a little sun,

A meteor tamed, a fixed star gone astray

285From the silver regions of the Milky Way;—

Afar the contadino’s song is heard,

Rude, but made sweet by distance—and a bird

Which cannot be the nightingale, and yet

I know none else that sings so sweet as it

290At this late hour—and then all is still—

Now Italy or London, which you will!

Next winter you must pass with me; I’ll have

My house by that time turned into a grave

Of dead despondence and low-thoughted care,

295And all the dreams which our tormentors are.

Oh! that Hunt, Hogg, Peacock and Smith were there,

With everything belonging to them fair!—

We will have books, Spanish, Italian, Greek;

And ask one week to make another week

300As like his father as I’m unlike mine,

Which is not his fault, as you may divine.

Though we eat little flesh and drink no wine,

Yet let’s be merry: we’ll have tea and toast,

Custards for supper, and an endless host

305Of syllabubs and jellies and mince pies,

And other such lady-like luxuries—

Feasting on which we will philosophize!

And we’ll have fires out of the Grand Duke’s wood

To thaw the six weeks’ winter in our blood.

310And then we’ll talk—what shall we talk about?

Oh! there are themes enough for many a bout

Of thought-entangled descant;—as to nerves,

With cones and parallelograms and curves

I’ve sworn to strangle them if once they dare

315To bother me—when you are with me there,

And they shall never more sip laudanum

From Helicon or Himeros;*—well, come,

And in despite of God and of the devil,

We’ll make our friendly philosophic revel

320Outlast the leafless time—till buds and flowers

Warn the obscure inevitable hours

Sweet meeting by sad parting to renew—

‘Tomorrow to fresh woods and pastures new.’

To —– [the Lord Chancellor]

Thy country’s curse is on thee, darkest Crest

   Of that foul, knotted, many-headed worm

Which rends our mother’s bosom!—Priestly Pest!

   Masked Resurrection of a buried form!

5Thy country’s curse is on thee—Justice sold,

   Truth trampled, Nature’s landmarks overthrown,

And heaps of fraud-accumulated gold

   Plead, loud as thunder, at destruction’s throne.

And whilst that sure, slow Fate which ever stands

10   Watching the beck of Mutability

Delays to execute her high commands

   And, though a nation weeps, spares thine and thee—

O let a father’s curse be on thy soul

   And let a daughter’s hope be on thy tomb;

15Be both, on thy grey head, a leaden cowl

   To weigh thee down to thine approaching doom.

I curse thee! By a parent’s outraged love,—

   By hopes long cherished and too lately lost,—

By gentle feelings thou couldst never prove,

20   By griefs which thy stern nature never crossed;

By those infantine smiles of happy light

   Which were a fire within a stranger’s hearth

Quenched even when kindled, in untimely night

   Hiding the promise of a lovely birth—

25By those unpractised accents of young speech

   Which he who is a father thought to frame

To gentlest lore, such as the wisest teach—

   Thou strike the lyre of mind!—oh grief and shame!

By all the happy see in children’s growth,

30   That undeveloped flower of budding years—

Sweetness and sadness interwoven both,

   Source of the sweetest hopes, the saddest fears—

By all the days under a hireling’s care

   Of dull constraint and bitter heaviness—

35Oh wretched ye, if any ever were—

   Sadder than orphans—why not fatherless?

By the false cant which on their innocent lips

   Must hang like poison on an opening bloom,

By the dark creeds which cover with eclipse

40   Their pathway from the cradle to the tomb—

By thy complicity with lust and hate:

   Thy thirst for tears—thy hunger after gold—

The ready frauds which ever on thee wait—

   The servile arts in which thou hast grown old.—

45By thy most killing sneer, and by thy smile—

   By all the snares and nets of thy black den;

And—(for thou canst outweep the crocodile)—

   By thy false tears—those millstones braining men—

By all the hate which checks a father’s love,

50   By all the scorn which kills a father’s care,

By those most impious hands which dared remove

   Nature’s high bounds—by thee—and by despair—

Yes—the despair which bids a father groan

   And cry—‘My children are no longer mine—

55The blood within their veins may be mine own

   But, Tyrant, their polluted souls are thine’;—

I curse thee, though I hate thee not.— O, slave!

   If thou couldst quench that earth-consuming Hell

Of which thou art a daemon, on thy grave

60   This curse should be a blessing—Fare thee well!