Further Reading

Contemporaneous accounts published in local English- and Yiddish-language newspapers, documented in the notes, have informed much of this work, but several secondary sources also shed light on the events chronicled. Here is a selection of them, organized by subject.

On the Beef Trust

Aduddell, Robert M., and Louis P. Cain. “Public Policy toward ‘The Greatest Trust in the World.’” Business History Review 55, no. 2 (Summer 1981): 217–42.

Ogle, Maureen. In Meat We Trust. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013.

Russell, Charles Edward. The Greatest Trust in the World. New York: Ridgway-Thayer, 1905.

Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. New York: Doubleday, 1906.

Walker, Francis. “The Beef Trust and the United States Government.” Economic Journal 16, no. 64 (December 1906): 491–514.

On Immigrant Jewish Women

Ewen, Elizabeth. Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1985.

Glenn, Susan A. Daughters of the Shtetl: Life and Labor in the Immigrant Generation. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1990.

Gurock, Jeffrey S. Orthodox Jews in America. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009.

Howe, Irving. World of Our Fathers: The Journey of the East European Jews to America and the Life They Found and Made. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1976.

Kosak, Hadassa. Cultures of Opposition: Jewish Immigrant Workers, New York City, 1881–1905. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.

Nadell, Pamela S. American Jewish Women: A History from Colonial Times to Today. New York: W. W. Norton, 2019.

—, ed. American Jewish Women’s History. New York: New York University Press, 2003.

Orleck, Annelise. Common Sense and a Little Fire: Women and Working-Class Politics in the United States, 1900–1965. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

On Kosher Meat

Finkelstein, Harry. “The Kosher Meat Industry.” Bachelor’s thesis, Tufts University, 1926.

Fishkoff, Sue. Kosher Nation. New York: Schocken, 2010.

Lytton, Timothy D. Kosher: Private Regulation in the Age of Industrial Food. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.

On the Lower East Side

Polland, Annie, and Daniel Soyer. Emerging Metropolis: New York Jews in the Age of Immigration, 1840–1920. New York: New York University Press, 2012.

Richlin, Moses. The Promised City: New York’s Jews, 1870–1914. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1962.

Weinberger, Moses. People Walk on Their Heads: Jews and Judaism in New York. Translated by Jonathan D. Sarna. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1982.

Ziegelman, Jane. 97 Orchard: An Edible History of Five Immigrant Families in One New York Tenement. New York: HarperCollins, 2011.

On New York Kosher Meat Boycotts

Frank, Dana. “Housewives, Socialists and the Politics of Food: The 1917 New York Cost-of-Living Protests.” Feminist Studies 11, no. 2 (Summer 1985): 255–85.

Hyman, Paula E. “Immigrant Women and Consumer Protest: The New York City Kosher Meat Boycott of 1902.” American Jewish History 70, no. 1 (September 1980): 91–105.

Lichaw, Eden. “Got Meat? The Kosher Meat Boycott of 1902.” Bachelor’s thesis, Tufts University, 2018.

Orleck, Annelise. “‘We Are That Mythical Thing Called the Public’: Militant Housewives during the Great Depression.” Feminist Studies 19, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 147–72.

Rockmore, Marlene. “The Kosher Meat Riots: A Study in the Process of Adaptation among Jewish Immigrant Housewives to Urban America, 1902–17.” Master’s thesis, University of Massachusetts, 1980.

Stein, Leon. “The Great Flanken War of 1902.” Unpublished manuscript, collection number 5780/087. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library [1978?].

On Rabbi Jacob Joseph

Adler, Joseph. “Twilight Years of Rabbi Jacob Joseph.” Jewish Frontier 67, no. 1 (January–August 2000).

Karp, Abraham J. “New York Chooses a Chief Rabbi.” Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society 44, no. 3 (March 1955): 129–98.

Levine, Yitzchok. “The Chief Rabbi Encounters Opposition.” Jewish Express, June 4, 2008.

On New York Rent Strikes

Day, Jared. Urban Castles: Tenement Housing and Landlord Activism in New York City, 1890–1943. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.

Josselit, Jenna Weissman. “The Landlord as Czar: Pre–World War I Tenement Activity.” In The Tenant Movement in New York City, 1904–1984. Edited by Ronald Lawson. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.