I had come to Gaza with one bag, I was leaving with two; a Gazan friend living in Ireland and unable to return to the Strip needed garments from home. On arrival my bag had been full of gifts for Gazans, now it was full of gifts from Gazans; even the blockade cannot cancel out Palestinian generosity. Saying goodbye was easier here than on the West Bank; if the Gate remains open I can revisit the Strip. But the Israelis have blacklisted those who signed on for Freedom Flotilla II – which means exclusion from the West Bank for at least ten years and by 2021 I’m likely to be either dead or dotty.
Several friends wished to help me through the Gate, then discovered that only travellers are allowed into Rafah’s departure zone. This let me off a hook; otherwise, how to choose which friend(s)? And how to prevent a potentially awkward Fatah/Hamas convergence?
When I asked kind Deeb to ring Abdallah in Cairo I thought I was countering my overoptimistic nature by giving 11.00 am as our meeting time. I would surely be in Egypt long before then; leaving the Strip, Deeb had assured me, is much simpler than entering.
At the Shifa serveece terminal I paused to say goodbye to two of the dozen donkeys who arrive there early every morning, drawing loads of vegetables, fruits, eggs; their flat carts serve as stalls. I pitied them as they stood all day fully exposed to the sun, never unharnessed because where could they be tethered? With two I had a special relationship; their heads rose when I called from a distance and they enjoyed between-the-ear massages. These social occasions greatly entertained the serveece drivers.
By 7.50 I was outside Rafah’s Departure Hall. On the way to the Gate everybody must pass through this building which, from outside, rather resembles a cattle-shed on a Soviet collective farm. I dragged my bags up its steep steps, then decided to linger briefly, observing the scene. Most of the 400 or so would-be-travellers seemed to have spent the night in situ and there was a querulous undertone to their noisiness. I could see only one free chair, beside an old man wearing the flowing white robes and traditional turban of a pilgrim to Mecca. At the far end of this high, well-lit hall a counter separates officialdom from its prey. Here Gazans who have registered a departure date with the Department of Transport (at least a month before) must present their papers. Behind the counter three doors lead to inner layers of bureaucracy. Proceedings are scheduled to begin at 8.00 am but not until 8.15 did seven men saunter into view, being greeted by angry shouts. Three were neatly uniformed youngsters (their uniforms anonymous), four were slightly older policemen. Despite the restless and increasingly vocal crowd they didn’t at once start work but spent the next twenty minutes chatting, joking, smoking, drinking tea, texting – all the time wandering in and out of those doors. Within this traveller, irritation and impatience were already beginning to accumulate – not yet on my own behalf but because Gazans suffer enough at the hands of the Israelis without also being tormented by their own.
When at last the three youngsters went on duty a crowd surged towards the counter and the police maintained order – more or less – while papers were being sent to an inner office in fat bundles. As these reappeared, a distorting public address system summoned the lucky owners. I couldn’t possibly have heard ‘Dervla Murphy’, as pronounced by a Palestinian, above the din of an excited, frustrated, argumentative crowd – always four or five people standing by the counter, angrily disputing an official verdict. Luckily, as an International, I didn’t have to jump through this hoop; Deeb had instructed me to deal with the office (a converted container) by Gate 1.
I showed my passport to two policemen, indicating that I must leave the Hall – whereupon they shouted at me truculently, as though I were trying to jump the queue. They and all their colleagues were obviously ignorant of the rules as Deeb had explained them. I must stay in the Hall until my passport had been checked, though no one here was authorised to check it. Our confrontation attracted some attention and now another robed and turbaned pilgrim, an English-speaker, reprimanded the police. They argued on, glaring at me with unearned animosity, until my rescuer shouted at them, his tone contemptuous. He then carried my bags down the steps and pointed across an already hot expanse of desert to the distant Gate.
As I hauled my bags through deep sand, with some difficulty, an agreeable young Egyptian offered assistance and advice. His badge identified him as a Haj guide, free to operate on both sides of the gates. I must sit in the café near the office and be patient. When all the day’s pilgrims had got through, the Egyptian border control would signal their readiness to deal with Internationals. Then someone would lead me through the Gate, after my passport had been processed by the office staff. I didn’t like that word ‘processed’; it suggested a procedure much more long-drawn-out than ‘stamped’.
The crowded ‘café’ – a patch of fine, pale gold sand under a canvas awning – was furnished with scores of low plastic tables and chairs and provisioned by two barrows selling chai, coffee, Nescafé-with-tinned-milk, juices, water and sundry vile comestibles. Thirty yards away rose Gate 1, wide and high; beyond, visible between its bars, lay that odd no man’s land instituted by EUBAM. Beside the Gate, agitated people clustered around the Office, jostling for a turn on the high step; below it one could not see or have a reasonable exchange with those within.
As I looked around for a seat Dalia caught my eye and beckoned me to usurp her ten-year-old daughter’s chair. Fairuz sat happily on mamma’s lap and told me she wanted to learn a lot more English. Her twenty-year-old sister held a sleeping baby, the first grandchild. At the next table, talking to male friends, sat father and one of four teenage sons. In public even the most united Gazan families tend to segregate themselves.
The Zeidans were beginning their fourth day of waiting; on the previous Thursday, Wednesday and Tuesday they had sat in this café from 8.00 am to 6.00 pm. They were on their way to Ismailia to spend a month with Dalia’s sister from whom they had been cut off for six years. Fairuz (who had transferred to my lap the better to learn English) now announced that this would be her last waiting day. Noticeably, none of the many children in this misfortunate crowd had the standard (for us) supply of books, games and art materials. Yet most seemed cheerfully resigned to their Rafah experience: evidently they had inner resources undeveloped by our over-entertained young.
I then discovered that Gazans, having been processed in the Hall, had to be reprocessesed here. ‘Why?’ I asked. Dalia shrugged and smiled and offered no explanation. But she urged me to present my passport at the Office without delay, not to wait as the young Haj guide had advised. ‘If there’s trouble,’ said she, ‘it’s good to know sooner.’
I looked at my watch: 10.40 – almost time for Abdallah to be parking outside Gate 2. Anxiety set in as I joined the crowd around the small barred window through which documents were pushed to and fro. Only one at a time could stand on the little step and queuing didn’t feature. Briefly I hesitated on the edge of the crowd: someone might take pity on the aged International. Over-optimism in action … Entering the fray, I elbowed my way onto the step with Arabic imprecations assaulting my ears. Momentarily the Office was empty; it contained two easy chairs with torn upholstery, one badly dented metal filing cabinet (c.1950), and one landline phone (c.1960) on a small table. Until the power went off a mobile fan whirred in a corner.
The three officials returned together: Ali and his assistants, none uniformed. Ali was small, slight, thirty-ish, with a short beard, heavy brows, thin lips, a narrow face, hard eyes – a man who might not find ‘honour killing’ too difficult. Without greeting me he added my passport to a pile, then took another pile for the consideration of some more important official in a sprawling building overlooking no man’s land. One of his mates barked at me, gesturing eloquently – ‘Off the step!’ I compromised, moving down and to one side while clinging to a window bar. Having handed over my passport, I was reluctant to lose sight of those in charge. Now I was being severely heat-punished; it was near noon in mid-summer at sea level and only the café offered shade.
One man was always on the move, taking papers and passports to and from that distant office. Meanwhile the Gate was being repeatedly opened for departing vehicles, usually Mecca-bound coaches towing enormous UN-blue trailers piled high. Another man made many phone calls, sometimes speaking simultaneously to his mobile and the landline. In between, he filled in countless forms, using a dainty, tiny Arabic script that ill-matched his hairy thick-fingered hands. Only Ali – I noticed later – made entries in a stout leather-bound ledger, perhaps a Mandate left-over.
I was obsessionally watching the time. When Ali returned after 18 minutes I begged him to attend next to my passport. He spoke no English but Dalia had despatched her son, Tarek, to interpret. Ali scrutinised my document closely, scowling while turning the pages as though they were smeared with shit – which to him they were, showing all those Ben-Gurion entry stamps. When challenged, I pointed out that one can’t study the Palestinians’ problems without entering Israel. Peevishly he demanded, ‘Why interested in Palestinians?’ I told him, but afterwards Tarek and I agreed that the idea of ‘writing a book’ was not within his grasp.
Returning my passport, Ali stated flatly that I could not leave on 2 July. Because of those Israeli stamps I must go back to Gaza City and get a special permit for Tuesday 5 July. At first I didn’t take this seriously, merely felt exasperated by his stupidity. I emphasised that two weeks previously a Department of Foreign Affairs VIP (named) had personally registered me for this 2 July crossing. ‘But where is your registration document?’ demanded Ali. ‘This you must have, talk about registration is not enough!’
Mr S— had assured me that I needed no written permit once registered on his computer. Feeling presciently uneasy about this, I had twice repeated my request for ‘a piece of paper’ – only to be told, ‘There’s no need to make a problem, you’re in the computer.’ Slightly irritably I’d replied, ‘I’m not making a problem, I’m trying to avoid one’ – and now I was trapped by officials who did not yet live in cyberspace.
I then played my trump – Mr S—’s card, giving his office and personal mobile numbers. My instruction was to ring him should a problem arise – the problem he had guaranteed I wouldn’t have … ‘Ring Mr S—!’ I said. ‘He’ll confirm that he registered my 2 July crossing. You can talk to him personally, then you can listen to me talking to him.’ Not all trumps are winning cards. As Ali rejected this suggestion, Tarek and I could see how much he was enjoying having the bit between his teeth.
It was now 12.25. I asked Tarek to look for the Haj guide, who should be able to get an apologetic message to Abdallah; but he had gone off duty and not yet been replaced. Then I remembered how easily Deeb, working out of Foreign Affairs, had got through to Cairo. Within moments Tarek got through to Deeb who tried hard, but unsuccessfully, to contact Abdallah. Back at the café, Dalia said soothingly, ‘Don’t worry about him, we’re in the Middle East, he’s used to waiting!’ On such occasions my punctuality gene can cause needless tension.
All the Zeidans now rallied around. On cell phone lines most Palestinians are baffled by my Irish brogue so Mr Zeidan called Mr S—, who was immediately available, to everyone’s surprise. The message for Dervla was, ‘Give me five minutes, then go back to the office.’ I took the ‘five minutes’ to be hyperbolic – a face-saving device of sorts – and for half an hour tried to relax. In similar situations elsewhere, a bribe-hunt might be assumed. Not here, I was warned – not in Hamas territory. Certainly at Gate 2, in Egypt, and perhaps in PA-run Ramallah – but never under that little green Hamas flag.
We scoffed at the nonsense of Arab countries rejecting Israeli-stamped passports, another example of State hypocrisy since so few Arab governments have ever genuinely tried to help Palestinians. Their cause is used only as a stick to beat Israel when that suits a particular government during a particular crisis.
The Zeidans had reason to hope their time was nigh so we sat close to the Office and swapped Rafah Gate tear-jerkers. At Anwar’s house I had met a man in a despairing rage. His brother was to visit Cairo briefly toward the end of June, coming from Australia. He couldn’t enter Gaza because of the permit time-lag. These brothers hadn’t met for seven years but on 10 June Anwar’s friend was told he couldn’t leave the Strip before 12 August.
With clear-cut ten-year-old logic Fairuz wondered why not employ more officials at both sides of the border? Her brother voiced a majority opinion: the US was leaning on Egypt to keep pressure on the Gazans even while taking credit for opening the Gate. But who, really, was mostly to blame? I couldn’t have a view on this, being ignorant of Gazan domestic politics and how things were being reshaped (or not?) in the new Egypt. Yet I was very aware by then of the huge significance of Rafah in all the games being played by everyone.
Suddenly shouts of ‘Zeidan! Zeidan!’ came from different directions and four adolescent porters converged on my friends as they scrambled hither and thither gathering items of luggage. As one side of the Gate slid back they shouted over their shoulders, ‘Good luck!’ I rejoiced for them while mourning the loss of my interpreter.
Rumour had it that 503 travellers were on the Egyptians’ 2 July list. Perhaps a number with some arcane Pharaonic significance, an al-Azhar (Gaza) professor facetiously suggested. Seeing me bereft of the Zeidans, he had approached to offer tea and sympathy – and practical support, when it was time to confront Ali again. The crowd around the Office had shrunk but my new friend Walid seemed to find its noisiness and latent aggression rather dismaying. It seemed he didn’t often leave his ivory tower.
I forced my way onto the step, passing two old women in tears; one had been verbally abused by Ali’s thickset mate who thrust her rejected documents at her so roughly she almost fell backwards. When I replaced her at the window Ali enjoyed telling me that Mr S—’s intervention had failed. But now there was a different story; I must return to Gaza City because the Egyptians had cancelled all non-pilgrim 2 July crossings. Walid translated, ‘Last Thursday we had a closure and all that list must cross today. Only that list. No one else.’
As my passport was returned, panic loomed. A postponed crossing would involve considerable financial loss. The faithful Abdallah must somehow be paid later on. My Cairo–London flight was booked for Monday 4 July and would be forfeited. On Tuesday 5 July I had a three-hour appointment with an expensive London dentist who imposes a hefty penalty if not given two working days’ notice before a broken appointment – and my mobile couldn’t reach London and anyway it was Saturday … I didn’t burden Walid with these sordid details but he recognised my near-panic and advised, ‘Ring your Mr S— again. If he contacts the Egyptians, you might get an exception order.’ I handed Walid my phone but by then Mr S—’s was switched off and the Department had closed.
Back at the café, I admitted defeat and was about to leave when a spotty youth came hurrying from the Office and said, ‘Sit down, please! Sit down and wait!’ When Walid questioned him he merely repeated in Arabic, ‘Sit down.’ Walid himself, having been thwarted by the Thursday closure, would probably get through before Gate 2 closed at 6.00 pm. He then explained why, in his estimation, Mr S … being out of reach didn’t really matter. It seems my trump card was a dud, and could even be counterproductive. Gate 1’s International sufferers might be victims of Department of Transport versus Department of Foreign Affairs faction fighting. Gate 1’s staff were Department of Transport employees, described by Walid as a disheartening example of Hamas’ stupid, uneducated, fanatical element, the sort of people who shouldn’t be given control of a wheelbarrow never mind a hypersensitive international border – a crossing which affects so many Gazans’ welfare on so many levels: emotional, medical, educational, economic. Those two departments employed different sorts of people – or so Walid alleged – and as the cake was being cut Transport perceived Foreign Affairs seizing an unfair share. And of course there were clan issues, into which Walid preferred not to go.
As we spoke the Gate slid open to release another Mecca-bound coach. That was the twelfth since my arrival and each carried 54 pilgrims to be processed individually by the Egyptians. Only three Internationals were listed for 2 July so it seemed perverse – in fact downright malicious – to compel us to wait all day though we had arrived before most of the pilgrims. I asked myself, ‘Do certain anti-Western officials enjoy punishing us for our past collective crimes? Is it our turn to be dominated, discriminated against, humiliated if possible?’ That would be unfair yet understandable. And in everyday life, away from Gaza’s place of torment, most Palestinians and Egyptians do treat one courteously and kindly.
At 1.40 pm Walid was called and a few minutes later the other Internationals appeared – striking figures in Gaza, so tall and fair. Gunnar and Jan were from Sweden and the former, having spent 23 years in the OPT, spoke fluent Arabic. He wasn’t even slightly surprised by what I now thought of as a crisis. Together we advanced on the Office where Gunnar stood at the window, flanked by Jan and myself, and made a long speech while presenting our passports to Ali. My spirits rose; by some means I couldn’t divine, these Swedes were exercising a benign influence. For a silent moment Ali stared at Gunnar, his thin lips compressed, his jaw rigid with animosity. Then he picked up our passports and took them into no man’s land. When I quietly clapped my hands Gunnar cautioned, ‘Don’t be too joyful, we still have a long way to go!’
For the next 25 minutes we stood close to the step, in the full glare of the sun, watching Ali’s mates being nasty to a succession of distressed Gazans.
Then Ali returned our passports and freed us. I felt quite weak with relief as the Gate slid open, just for us, and we hurried towards the minivan link to the EUBAM buildings where a new set of procedures awaited us – this time computerised.
A dozen or so other non-Palestinians (Egyptian and Emirate citizens) were waiting amidst many rows of orange metal chairs facing six computer booths manned by three PA officials. These were polite and smartly uniformed but not at ease with our passports. As they stood arguing about them, passing them from hand to hand, Gunnar recalled being present in November 2005 when Israel formally handed over Rafah crossing to the PA, to be run in harness with Egypt and EUBAM monitors. The PA were allowed to admit only registered Gazans – no other Palestinians, no foreigners. Then in June 2007 Israel ordered total closure.
A tingle of alarm ran through me when the uniformed men returned our passports unprocessed. Looking apologetic, they explained: a new message had come from Gate 2 – only pilgrims could cross that afternoon, all others must return to Gaza City and register for an alternative date. Now near-panic threatened the Swedes, they who had seemed so in control at Gate 1. Gunnar pleaded with the most-braided official: he and Jan were booked to fly from Cairo at noon on the morrow. All three officials expressed sympathy and looked genuinely concerned but had no pull with their counterparts at Gate 2. Jan then rang the Swedes’ liaison officer in Gaza City and sought for pressure to be put on the Egyptians by the PA interim administration in Ramallah. I said nothing; I’m good at playing the role of insignificant female.
We moved to the air-conditioned ‘Waiting Lounge’, a very long, bright room smelling strongly of EU taxpayers’ money with facilities for praying and purdah, soft golden-brown armchairs and sofas, glass and wrought-iron coffee tables, several TV sets and walls hung with anaemic watercolours of European beauty spots and (decorous) Picasso prints. The contrast between this space and Gate 1’s ‘café’ had a disturbing political symbolism.
And there sat Walid, also stymied. He looked aggrieved rather than angry and remarked, when I joined him, that our uniformed friends represented the internationally recognised though unelected Palestinian government. Therefore they were natural enemies of the Gate 1 contingent, adding another faction fight to the Rafah equation. In mid-sentence he broke off with a startled exclamation. ‘It’s you!’ – he pointed to the nearest TV set, showing a publicity video for Freedom Flotilla II. In Dublin, on the eve of my departure for Gaza, I had joined the MV Saoirse activists for the making of this video and now I was exhorting viewers to ‘Stay human! Stay human!’ – Vik’s trademark phrase, adopted by the Flotilla as its slogan. I detest TV and in my already hyper-stressed state this was too much: a feeling of total unreality overcame me momentarily. But I had to adjust to stardom: that video was replayed every ten minutes during the next hour.
When the liaison officer reported that Ramallah couldn’t help I suggested ringing our ambassadors in Cairo but on a Saturday afternoon neither was within reach. Later I discovered that they are friends who may have been sharing a weekend outing as we stood biting our nails at the Gate.
We were looking at one another – who would first admit defeat and summon a taxi? – when hope was rekindled. A notably tall and handsome young PA official, in civvies, had been contacted by Ramallah and might be able to get an Egyptian ‘exception order’ as we were only three Internationals.
The next half-hour was the worst. I paced the room, thinking of the emergency emails I’d have to try to send from Gaza City – if the electricity allowed computers to function. And how to pay Abdallah? Someone could take a verbal message but wouldn’t it be daft to give dollar notes to a total stranger? By then the sheer insanity of the day’s events had switched off my optimism.
Walid halted my pacing with the good news. Somehow he knew, before our saviour returned, that the exception order had been granted – of course only for Internationals. This made the Swedes and me feel bad but Walid reminded us, ‘Gazans don’t expect life to be easy. We’ll all sleep on these sofas and tomorrow go on waiting.’
As the exception order was handed to the passport officers we chorused our thanks in our best Arabic – though come to think of it, this was scarcely an occasion for gratitude. We should have been dealt with at 8.30 before the pilgrim flow began. Or was Hamas to blame for not letting us through? Impossible to know and anyway it didn’t matter now …
My passport was first to be stamped and I rushed to the exit; it was 4.20 and Abdallah had been waiting for more than five hours. Outside the door three policemen stopped me – I must return to the Waiting Lounge and ‘Sit down please’. Angrily I protested that I had been sitting in that lounge for more than two hours and at Rafah for six and a half hours and my passport had been through two procedures and now I wanted to get into Egypt fast! I was misbehaving – shouting in English at men who understood hardly a word of the language and were not personally to blame for anything, apart from their own aggressive attitudes. Then two of them made to grab my bags and that cowed me into returning – to find myself being upbraided for trying to evade a departure tax of which I knew nothing. In my rush I hadn’t seen a small notice beside a closed kiosk – ‘Exit Tax: 60 NIS’. Gunnar and Jan beckoned me: we had to wait for the kiosk to open. And then we had to wait for the minivan that would take us to Travel House, the Egyptian processing plant.
‘Sit down, please!’ Gunnar teased me, patting the metal chair beside his. I didn’t see the joke; my sense of humour was in abeyance. ‘Let’s walk,’ I suggested. ‘It’s a five-minute drive away and none of us has much luggage.’ Gunnar shook his head. ‘Walking is very forbidden – sit down please and wait!’
Ten minutes later the tax-kiosk clerk came dawdling along, chatting to a friend. Our 60 NIS earned a glossy receipt for US$15, paid to the Ministry of Finance, Palestinian National Authority. The opening of the Rafah Gate could not be allowed to benefit a ‘terrorist’ organisation.
We returned to our seats, having been assured the minibus was ‘on its way’, and I wondered what my companions made of all these convolutions. It would have been tactless to ask; INGO workers have to be circumspect in conversation with writers. Then, telepathically, Jan commented that at present chaos was inevitable. Rafah had opened on 28 May, soon after Egypt’s announcement that it would open – which gave no one enough time to get their act together.
For admission to Egypt, Gazans had to be PA-vetted; but they couldn’t get past Gate 1 to the PA checkpoint without registering their exit date on a Hamas list back in Gaza City. We noted a sad irony in two of the statements made by Egypt’s Foreign Minister, Nabil Elarby. He had given his own spin to Rafah’s reopening – ‘to end the Palestinian division and achieve national reconciliation’. But he also explained – ‘rules in effect before the closure shall be reinstated’. Those two statements couldn’t jell. Egypt was still deciding how many might cross each day and the nightmare hours (or days) people spent at Gate 1 were a result of a Hamas muscle-flexing exercise. Their supporters undoubtedly got preference on the ‘exit date’ register and because they controlled this they were, in effect, empowered to imprison Palestinians on the Strip. Yet no marks had been made on our passports by the ‘Ali’s Office’ faction who were physically able to block individuals’ movements. Moreover, though they could prevent people from crossing, their allowing someone through was no guarantee that the PA would do likewise. Or that Egypt would admit them: every day scores were being ‘returned’ from Travel House.
By now Walid and his fellow-rejects had settled down in the Waiting Lounge and we were on our own in the computer hall. Eventually even Gunnar reckoned it was time to stop adapting to the Middle East. He went exploring, in search of our vehicle – only to find that it had been and gone, its driver having failed to find us in the lounge. A uniformed PA man led him back to us and said, ‘Sit down please and wait. Soon the car will come again.’
Twelve minutes later a limousine picked us up and as the driver was about to start, three young men gathered around his door, leaning on the bonnet, demanding a lift to Gate 2. They all spoke together and as the argument lengthened we protested, quite vigorously. ‘No problem,’ said the driver, ‘wait five minutes’ – at which point I again misbehaved, thumping my fist on the window beside me, not caring at that moment if I broke it. The driver then took fright and accelerated hard, leaving the young men shouting furiously and waving their fists. We sped under the ‘Welcome to Palestine’ archway, then crawled through three checkpoints where Egyptian soldiers in crumpled uniforms spent time fumbling with our passports and examining our departure tax receipts as though they were likely to be forged.
Since my arrival there had been a development in the long, wide corridor leading to the Travel House concourse. Four mobile booths displayed hand-written bilingual notices – ‘Government of Egypt Customs’. Each was equipped with a luggage weighing-scales and two cheerful, friendly customs officers over-keen to justify their existence. They opened and examined every item of everybody’s baggage. At one stage I caught Gunnar looking at me rather anxiously, perhaps fearing the enraged old lady would have a stroke and die on the spot.
Hundreds of obviously stressed-out travellers thronged the vast passport control concourse where our final ordeal was a currency crisis. Passports cannot be stamped before the departure tax is paid and only Egyptian pounds (of which we had none) are acceptable and the bank in the corner was firmly locked. It was now 5.20 and a policeman told us it wouldn’t open until the morrow. But for the Swedes, I might have spent that night in Travel House. Gunnar disappeared for some ten minutes and returned with a bank clerk. But then our passports had to be taken upstairs and it was 6.40 before I was free to half-run to Gate 2 where I could see Abdallah frantically waving, wreathed in smiles. He was accompanied by his charming eldest son because he had expected quite a long delay …