actor-observer effect, 148–149
Adams, Reginald, Jr., 186–187
adolescents. See teenagers
brains, 126
depth electrode study, 131–132, 131n
negotiations between, 62
organ donations of, 149–150
as psychopathic, 70–71, 138–139
Against Malaria Foundation, 226, 250
agape. See unconditional love
agents, patients acted upon by, 16–20, 70
aggression, 40–46, 50–51, 58–73, 77–79, 98, 202
See also psychopathy
Aka women, 176–177
alarm calls, 133–135
allomothering, 172–199, 217–221, 252
alternative realities, 208–216
altricial babies, 164–199, 201
altruism, 1–8, 105–112, 159–199, 202–254
Batson and, 53–55
effective, 225–228
empathy’s relationship with, 53–55
facial expressions’ influence on, 132–135
See also extraordinary altruism; organ donations
altruistic organ donation, nondirected, 117–122, 148
See also kidney donors
altruists
amygdalas of, 198–199
facial expression sensitivity of, 186–199
fields of force influencing, 152–155
sacrifice chosen by, 219–221
trust in, 216
See also extraordinary altruists
American Psychiatric Association, 62–63
American Red Cross, 106
amygdala, 5–6, 82–100, 131–141
of altruists, 198–199
basolateral nucleus of, 197
central nucleus of, 197–198
of extraordinary altruists, 150–153, 227–228
oxytocin influencing, 192–194
as parental care system’s entry point, 189–199
See also Urbach-Wiethe
anger, 62, 65–73, 134–135, 150–151
animal rescues, 204–205
antiheroes, heroes and, 21–55
anti-psychopaths, 102–124, 141–155
Argentina, 28
Arlington, Virginia, 144–145
Asia, 243
assault, 21–25, 47, 77–78, 134, 211
Attention deficit disorder (ADHD), 87–88
Augustine (saint), 254
babies
baboon, 174, 185, 196, 202, 242
Bengal tigers, 175–176
blue jay, 182–183
milk for, 157–199
oryx, 173–174
rats, 170–172, 174, 185, 192–194, 196, 197
sheep, 170, 171, 173, 194, 202
Syrian, 179–180
See also pups
baboons, 174, 185, 196, 202, 242
babyish proportions (kindchenschema), 180–199
Banks, Katie, 53–55
Barton, Clara, 154
“Batman” (fictional character), 17
Batson, Daniel, 34–39, 53–55, 109–110, 137–139, 228, 244–245
behaviorism, 43–45
behaviors, 108–112, 139–140, 247
misinterpretations of own, 108–110, 227–228
everyday helping, 235–240
prosocial, 251
research on, 121–124
status related, 59–62, 101, 117, 222, 231–237
See also altruism
Belay, Gennet, 147–149
Bengal tigers, 175–176
Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak, 28–29
Bethesda, Maryland, 51–55
The Better Angels of Our Natures (Pinker), 207–208
birth, 249
Blair, James, 5–6, 52–55, 58–65, 140
blood donations, 106–107, 204, 232–233, 242–243
BLS. See Bureau of Labor Statistics
blue jay, 182–183
body weight, 42–43
bone marrow donations, 106–107, 199, 204
Booker, Cory, 17–20, 38–39, 100, 113, 121–122, 147, 254
decision-making style, 223
field of force influencing, 152–153
religious beliefs of, 253
as superhero, 253
books, as windows into minds, 243–246
Botswana, 174
Bowlby, John, 177
brains
of adults, 126
altruism emerging from, 222–228
behavior misleading of, 227–228
of extraordinary altruists, 141–155
kidney donor scans, 141–155
of psychopaths, 57–92, 93–102, 134, 135–141
of sheep, 194
of turtles, 161
visual image processing, 125–141, 130n
See also amygdala
Brethel-Haurwitz, Kristin, 230–240
Bridgeport, Connecticut, 26–34
brother, 108–112
Brown University, 120–122
Bundy, Ted, 213–214
Bureau of Justice Statistics, US, 211
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), US, 206–207
calf, 173–175
callousness, 72, 97–99, 140, 201, 210–216
calls, 133–135
calories, 42
Canadians, 232–233
capital punishment, 208
car, 9–15
caring, 136–141, 166–199, 201–202, 208–216
altruism as, 220–221
compassion required by, 217–221
cultural changes increasing, 228–246
maternal system, 251
influence of emotion on, 225–226
See also extraordinary altruists
caring continuum, 104–105, 186
Carnegie Hero Fund, 14, 121–122, 204
medals from, 2, 4, 113, 121–122, 223–225
Central Africa, 176–177
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), US, 16
centralized governments, 221–222, 228, 245–246
certainty of purpose, 165
charities, 105–106, 179–180, 203–207, 225, 226
Germany, 234–240
US, 234–240
charity, effective, 226
chelonioidea, 164–165, 169–172
Chentsova-Dutton, Yulia, 241
child abuse and neglect, 46, 49–51, 79–80
allomothering of, 172–199, 217–221
boys as, 229
charities using, 179–180
with conduct disorder, 62–92, 93–102
death of, 199
girls as, 76–78, 89, 179, 226, 229, 250
milk for, 157–199
mothers benefit from help caring for, 177–180
reactive aggression of, 61, 79
scarlet fever killing, 229
VIM influencing, 61–73
See also teenagers
China, 240–241
Christensen, Carol, 47
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency
Cincinnati Zoo, 175
circles of compassion, 221
City Wildlife, 183
Civil War, 154
Cleckley, Hervey, 69–70
Clinical Center of the NIH, 195–196
Coan, Jim, 180–181
cold cognitions, 126
college campuses, 211
Colombians, 208
Common Cause UK Values Survey, 212–214, 215–216
communities, 240–243
compassion, 32–45, 140–141, 181, 187
altruism in relation to, 220–221, 248–254
capacity for, 202–246
caring requiring, 217–221
circles of, 221
continuum, 122–124
cultural changes increasing, 228–246
expansion of, 202–246
of kidney donors, 216
meditation, 252–253
negativity bias influencing, 209–216
See also empathy; fields of force
conduct disorder, 62–92, 93–102
Confucian teachings, 240–241
Connecticut, 26–34
conscious awareness, 108–110, 131–132, 153
Coontz, Stephanie, 178
corrugator supercilii, 128
cost-benefit analysis, 100, 227–228
Craigslist, 233–234
Green River Killer, 46–48, 49, 69–70, 79, 114
child abuse, 46, 49-50, 64, 79, 207
theft, 62-63, 74-75, 77, 95, 99
See also murders
Crips, 11–15
crocodile tears, 77
cruelty, 201–202, 207–208, 211, 213–214, 221–222
“cuddle hormone,” 195–199
cultural changes, 228–247
Cuozzo, Angela, 142–143
cynodonts, 164–169
Dartmouth College, 5, 14–15, 132
See also Kleck, Robert
Darwin, Charles, 1, 2–3, 161, 229
of child, 199
from electric shock, 28
at Las Vegas Strip, 23
of rat, 171
from surgery, 115
of turtles, 158–165
deep-brainer, 153
delinquency, 208–209
The Descent of Man (Darwin), 1
developmental prosopagnosia, 103–104
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (American Psychiatric Association), 62–63, 72
Diana monkeys, 133
dogs, 9–15, 175–176, 182, 188, 196, 242
Australian shepherd, 175
golden retriever, 175
domestic violence, 79
donations, 105–107, 199, 203–206, 225, 232–240
See also blood donations; kidney donors; organ donations
donor registry, 145–149
DSM-5. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Dunn, Elizabeth, 232
dystopia, 208–209
education, 229
EEG. See electroencephalography
Efe women, 176–177
eggs, 157–165
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenäus, 59–62, 167–168
Eichmann, Adolf, 28–31
electric shocks, 26–43, 109–110, 137–139
electroencephalography (EEG), 81
Elfenbein, Hillary Anger, 187
emotions, 53–55, 62, 86, 88–92, 126–141
excitement as, 154–155
extraordinary altruists identifying, 151
fiction influencing, 245
overreactive, 94–98
psychopaths understanding, 140
See also anger
empathic concern, 53–55
central nucleus of the amygdala ginning up, 197–198
extraordinary altruist as reporting low, 227–228
written word increasing, 244–246
See also extraordinary altruists; compassion
England, 233
Epstein, Ziv, 223–225
Europe, 208
everyday altruism, 105–112, 235–240
excitement, 154–155
experience, 17–20
extraordinary altruism, 105–124, 140–155, 164–199
humility as ingredient for, 253–254
motivation for, 249–251
social discounting modeling, 217–221
stranger helped by, 217–221
well-being and, 232–240
extraordinary altruists, 105–124, 141–155
age of, 254
amygdalas of, 227–228
empathy, as reporting low, 227–228
faces viewed by, 227–228
social discounting explaining, 217–221
See also heroes; kidney donors
extreme poverty, 229–230
eyes, 41–42, 127–128, 130–131, 130n, 134, 160–161
faces, 54–55, 102–105, 126–141, 185–199
adults’, 181
babies’, 180–181
extraordinary altruists viewing, 143–155, 227–228
fiction and, 245
false consensus effect, 212–216
false imprisonment, 30–34
FARC. See Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
fathers, 178–179
daughter kicking, 74
of Kardashian, K., 43
fear. See specific topics
fearlessness, 153–155
fiction, 243–246
fields of force, 33–34, 38–39, 152–155
Fiji, 241
Finger, Elizabeth (Liz), 67–92, 94–98
Fischer-Shofty, Meytal, 196
flight simulator, 244–246
Florida, 157–165, 169–172, 175, 182
fMRI. See functional magnetic resonance imaging
foraging societies, 176–177, 178
Forth, Adelle, 72
Frank, Anne, 213–214
fraternal twins, 41
freeway, 9–15, 38–39, 112, 152–153, 199, 254
anomaly, 25
fast and impulsive decision, 223
Friesen, Wallace, 127–129, 143–144
frontalis muscles, 128
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). See Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 5–6, 80–100, 124
Gandhi, Mahatma, 213–214
generosity, 203–246
genes, 245–246
adoptions disentangling, 41–43
proactive aggression contributed to by, 50
psychopathy influenced by, 46–51
twins disentangling, 41–43
Genovese, Kitty, 25
Georgetown University, 6–7, 93–124, 141–155, 241
gerbils, 61–62
Giffords, Gabrielle, 48–49
girls, 76–78, 89, 179, 226, 229, 250
goals of altruism, 248–251
Gohh, Reginald, 120–122
golden retriever, 175–176
Goodall, Jane, 104
Google Trends, 211
Gordon, Mary, 251–252
Gottman, John, 210
grabbing, 22–23
Graef, Sunyana, 117–122, 144, 153, 252
Gray, Kurt, 16–20
Greeks, 117–118
Green River Killer. See Ridgway, Gary
groups, 241–243, 241n, 245–246
guardian angels, 4
Hadza, 176
Hammer, Jennifer, 180–181, 186–187
Hare, Robert, 91
Harvard University, 5, 16–20, 26, 34, 102–105
hatchlings, 158–165
hatred, 201–202
height, 42–43
Hein, Grit, 137–139
Heinrich, Joseph, 241
hemodynamic response, 81
heritability, 41–43, 45, 46–47, 50, 104, 245–246
antiheroes and, 21–55
Carnegie, 2, 4, 14, 113, 121–122, 204, 223–225
as making deliberative decisions, 223–225
as making fast and intuitive decisions, 223–225
field of force influencing, 152–153
humility of, 253–254
as rational, 223–225
See also Booker, Cory; freeway; Skutnik, Lenny
highly psychopathic individuals, 99
Hilltop Crips, 11–15
Hitler, Adolf, 213–214
Holmes, James, 48–49
Holocaust, 28–31, 201–202, 213–214
homeless, 105
hornbills, 133
hot cognitions. See emotions
Hrdy, Sarah, 176–177
human nature, 25, 100–124, 202, 209–216
See also extraordinary altruism
humility, 253–254
hypothalamus, 136, 192–193, 197–198
identical twins, 41
imprisonment, false, 30–34
index cases, 117–122
insects, 1–2
institutional review board (IRB), 113–114
intelligence quotient (IQ), 76–77
intergroup contact, 241n
interrogations, 16
interviews
extraordinary altruist, 152–155
psychopathy, 67–70, 74–80, 94–96
of Skutnik, 249
intramural researchers, 52
IQ. See intelligence quotient
Iran, 83
IRB. See institutional review board
Ireland, 232
Izzy, 175–176
James, William, 15–16
“James Bond” (fictional character), 17
Jenner, Caitlyn, 43
Jenner, Kendall, 43
Jews, 28–31, 201–202, 213–214, 242
Jim Yong Kim, 230
John Templeton Foundation, 122–124
Jones, Bryan, 217–221
Joseph, Jeremy, 51
Joseph, Krista, 157–164
Kaczynski, Ted, 16
Kansas, 175–176
Kardashian, Kim, 43
Kardashian, Robert, Sr., 43
Keats, John, 24–25
Keltner, Dacher, 233–234
Kenya, 173–175
key stimuli, 180–199
kidney donors, 114–124, 141–155, 198–199, 204
compassion of, 216
cost-benefit analysis performed by, 227–228
as making fast and intuitive decisions, 223
kindness of, 216
social discounting explaining, 219–221
in US, 230–240
well-being and, 232
See also Cuozzo, Angela; Graef, Sunyana; Mintz, Harold; Taniwaki, George
Kim Phúc, Phan Thi, 179
kindchenschema. See babyish proportions
“The Kindest Cut” (MacFarquhar), 121
kindness, 157–199, 203–216, 233–240
King, Larry, 48
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 213–214
Kleck, Robert, 15, 25, 186–187
Koppel, Ted, 153
Korndörfer, Martin, 234–240
Kosson, David, 72
K-selected strategies, 169–199
!Kung, 176
Kurdi, Aylan, 179–180
labor, 191
lambs, 170, 171, 173, 194, 202
Latané, Bibb, 25
learning, 26–43
levator muscles, 127–128
lie detection, 126
life history theory, 169–199
lionesses, 173–175, 185, 196, 202, 242
living organ donor registry, 145–149
loggerhead turtles, 157–165, 169–172, 182
Lorton, Virginia, 112–114
Los Angeles, California, 50–51
lost letter, 232–233
Loughner, Jared, 48–49
love, 166–199
loving-kindness meditation, 252–253
low-cost behaviors, 111–112
Lozier, Leah, 94–98
lymphoma, 106–107
MacFarquhar, Larissa, 121
Magnan, Antoine, 1–2
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 5–6, 80–89, 85, 91, 96–99
as minimally risky, 113–114
of soccer fans, 137–139
See also functional magnetic resonance imaging
Maimonides, 117
mammals, 164–199, 201, 224–228
Mandela, Nelson, 213–214
Maryland, 51–55
The Mask of Sanity (Cleckley), 69–70
Massachusetts, 118–120
maternal care system, 251
maternal love, 167–199
maternity leave, 177–179
media, 210–211
meditation, 252–253
Mediterranean, 179–180
Mickler’s Landing Sea Turtle Patrol, 157–164
Middle Ages, 222
Migrant Offshore Aid Station, 179–180
milk, 157–199
Mimi (dog), 175, 182, 196, 242
minds
flight simulator of, 244–246
light enabling, 125–141
minimal group paradigms, 241–243
minimally risky research techniques, 113–114
Mintz, Harold, 1, 144–149, 152, 154, 219, 250–251, 253
obituary seen by, 199
Mission Impossible (series), 17
Mokyr, Joel, 229
Moore, Francis, 116
Moss, Simon, 55
Mossad, 28
mothering, oxytocin influencing, 191–199, 251
mother-in-law, 157–164
mothers, 65–66, 68, 73, 74–75, 80, 95–96
allomothering, 172–199, 217–221, 252
birth influencing, 249
children as better off with, 177–180
house, locked out of, 99
kidney donor for, 145–146, 148–149
K-selected strategy followed by, 169–199
lionesses as, 173–175, 185, 196, 202, 242
milk from, 157–199
rats as, 170–172, 174, 185, 192–194, 196, 197, 251
sheep as, 170, 171, 173, 194, 202
snake panicking, 133–134
stem cell donation of, 106–107
on tears, 77
Mothers and Others (Hrdy), 176–177
MRI. See magnetic resonance imaging
Munchausen syndrome, 119
murders, 30–34, 46–48, 201–202, 213–214
Murray, Henry, 16
Muslim refugees, 242
“mustache guy.” See Mintz, Harold
Myanmar, 243
“napalm girl” (Kim Phúc, Phan Thi), 179
National Airport, 112–114
National Bone Marrow Registry, 107
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 5–6, 7–8, 52–55, 81–82, 93, 101
oxytocin studied at, 195–196
recruiting, 124
screening, 124
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 7–8, 51, 57–92, 94–98, 195–196
National Kidney Foundation, 145–149
National Philanthropic Trust, 207
National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association, 204
natural experiments, 40–41
Nature, 43
Nature Neuroscience, 131–132, 131n
negativity bias, 209–216
negotiations, 62
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 121
New Haven, Connecticut, 26–34
New Jersey, 17–20
Newark, New Jersey, 17–20
news, 210–211
night nurse, 178–179
Nightstalker, 213–214
NIH. See National Institutes of Health
NIMH. See National Institute of Mental Health
9/11 attacks, 204
no-brainer, 152–153
nondirected donations, 117–122, 148
normal curve, 102
norms, 247
Norton, Mike, 232
Oatley, Keith, 244
1-800-Give-Us-Your-Kidney (film), 147, 149
oppositional defiant disorder, 72–73, 87
optogenetics, 66
ordinary altruism, 105–112, 249
organ donations
of adults, 149–150
to strangers, 242
See also kidney donors
organ donor registry, 145–149
oryxes, 173–175
O’Toole, Mary Ellen, 47
overreactive emotionality, 94–98
pain
matrix, 136–139
psychopaths experiencing, 140
parenting, 40–44, 78–80, 189–199
See also fathers; mothers
passive viewing task, 86–89
patients, agents acting upon, 16–20, 70
PCL-R. See Psychopathy Checklist—Revised
PCL-SV. See Psychopathy Checklist-Screening Version
PCL:YV. See Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version
people, 210–216
periaqueductal gray, 198
PET. See positron emission tomography
pets, 182
Piff, Paul, 233–234
Pinker, Steven, 207–208, 221–222, 244
Pitocin, 191
plane, 112–114
pleasure, 249–251
polls, 100–101, 203, 212, 230–240
Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, 157–165, 169–172, 182
portraiture, 83
Positive Neuroscience award, 122–124
positron emission tomography (PET), 81
postdoctoral fellowships, 51–55, 93
postpartum depression, 178–179
Potomac River, 112–114, 152–153, 155, 199
poverty, 229–230
Preston, Stephanie, 170–172
primates, 176, 184–185, 187–188
printing press, 243–244
Prisoner’s Dilemma, 214–216, 223, 244–245
proactive aggression, 45–46, 50–51, 58–73, 77–78, 98
proactive prosociality, 184–185
professorship, 93–124
prosocial behavior, 251
See also altruism
prosopagnosia, 102–105
psychopaths, 202, 214, 226, 249–250
amygdalae of, 5–6, 82–92, 94–98, 134, 186, 198, 251
brains of, 57–92, 93–102, 134, 135–141
emotions understood by, 140
oxytocin influencing, 198
pain experienced by, 140
as sex offenders, 91
teenagers as, 5–6, 65–102, 124, 138–139, 140
tells giving away, 49
See also Ridgway, Gary
psychopathy, 45–55
approach responses influenced by, 181
distribution of, 101–102
heritability of, 104
interview, 67–70, 74–80, 94–96
parenting influencing, 78–80
prosopagnosia as parallel to, 104–105
See also Blair, James; callousness
Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV), 71–73, 75–76
Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL-R), 71
Psychopathy Checklist—Screening Version (PCL-SV), 99–100, 102
psychosis, 48–49
pups
rat, 170–172, 174, 185, 192–194, 196, 197
wolf, 188
Rachlin, Howard, 217–221
rage, 65–73
Raine, Adrian, 50–51
Ramirez, Richard, 213–214
Rand, David, 99–100, 121–122, 223–225
rape culture, 211
rational self-interest, 100–102, 119–121
rationality, 222–228
rats
as mother, 170–172, 174, 185, 192–194, 196, 197, 251
pups, 170–172, 174, 185, 192–194, 196, 197, 251
reactive aggression, 50–51, 61, 79
reading, 243–246
Reagan, Ronald, 113
realities, 208–216
reciprocal altruism, 3–4, 110–111, 215–216
Reddit, 199
refugees, 179–180, 201–202, 242
relational mobility, 241
Renaissance, 243–244
rescues, 9–20, 25, 38–39, 100, 152–153
allomothering as, 183–184
of refugees, 179–180
See also Booker, Cory; freeway; Skutnik, Lenny
resident nursery companion, 175
resources, 217–221, 233–234, 235–243, 245–246
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia) (FARC), 208
Ricard, Matthieu, 250
Richard III (king), 42
Ridgway, Gary, 46–48, 49, 69–70, 79, 114
Ridgway, Greg, 46
Ridgway, Matthew, 47
Ridgway, Thomas Newton, 46
river, 112–114, 152–153, 155, 199
Robinson, Paul, 151–152
Rockefeller, John D., 229
Rodriguez, Alex (detective), 18–19
Roots of Empathy (Gordon), 251–252
R-selected species, 169
Rule, Ann, 48
Russell, Bertrand, 226
Russian motorist, allomothering of, 183
Ryan, Richard, 248
Sacks, Oliver, 104
sacrifices, 217–221
sadness, 62
Saint-Lagué, André, 1–2
San Francisco, California, 154
scarlet fever, 229
schoolchildren, 251–252
offspring of, 157–165
secondary diagnosis, 64
seduction, 76
self-control, 221–228
self-interest, 4, 100–102, 116–122, 209–216
selfishness, 100–102, 119–122, 201, 208–216
as altruism’s cause, 249–251
wealth’s association with, 231–240, 245–246
self-knowledge, 212–216
selflessness. See altruism; anti-psychopaths
Seligman, Martin, 122–124
sentimentality, 158–199
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 204
serial killers, 46–47, 49, 213–214
Shamay-Tsoory, Simone, 196
shared environmental influences, 51
shared resource, 217–221
sheep, 170, 171, 173, 194, 202
Singer, Tania, 137–139
skin, 128–129
Skinner boxes, 44–45
Skutnik, Lenny, 112–114, 122, 147, 152–153, 155, 199
as making fast and intuitive decisions, 223
interviews of, 249
slavery, 207–208
See also Urbach-Wiethe
Smith, Adam, 188–189
snake, 133–134
soccer fans, 137–139
social discounting, 217–246
social media, 19
“Spider-Man” (fictional character), 17
sport utility vehicle (SUV), 9–15
Stalin, Josef, 214
Stanford Prison Experiment, 25–26
Steinman, Mary Rita, 46
stem cell donations, 106–107
See also bone marrow donations
stereotypes, 17–20
strangers, 105–106, 203, 215–246, 249–250, 252–254
striatum, 198
super face recognizers, 104
super fear-responder, 227–228
superheroes, 17–20, 251, 253, 254
superior colliculi, 131
suspects, 208
SUV. See sport utility vehicle
Swedish Red Cross, 180
Swiss soccer fan study, 137–139
sympathy, 53–55
Syrian refugees, 179–180
taboo, 114–116
Tacoma, Washington, 9–15, 24–25, 47, 142, 253
See also freeway
Taniwaki, George, 142
Tanzania, 176
teachers, 26–43
teenagers
amygdala function of, 5–6, 82–100
as psychopathic, 5–6, 65–102, 124, 138–139, 140
tenure-track professorship, 93–124
terrorist attacks, 204
thalamus, 131–132
threat response theory, 134–136, 150–151
tigers, 175–176
Tirado, Priscilla, 112–114
tit-for-tat, 215–216
toddler, 179–180
Tranel, Daniel, 82–84
Triassic Period, 164
trust, 209–216, 233, 235–240, 247
Tucson, Arizona, 48–49
Turkheimer, Eric, 43
turtles, 157–165, 169–172, 182
Twitter, 19
Uganda, 174
UK. See United Kingdom
Unabomber, 16
unconditional love (agape), 117–118
United Kingdom (UK), 209, 212–214, 215–216, 233
United Network on Organ Sharing (UNOS), 121
United States (US), 100–101, 105–106, 203–207, 208–209, 243
charitable donations, 234–240
everyday helping in, 235–240
kidney donors in, 121, 230–240
lost letter in, 233
volunteering, 234–240
University College London, 135–136
University of California–Berkeley, 233–234
University of Iowa, 82–84
University of Kansas, 34–37
University of Michigan, 170–172
University of Southern California, 50–51
University of Virginia, 180
University of Zurich, 184–185
UNOS. See United Network on Organ Sharing
untrustworthiness, 209–216
Urbach-Wiethe, 82–84, 90, 134, 135, 136, 251
US. See United States
values, 212–216, 240–243, 247–248
van Schaik, Carel, 184–185, 187–188
See also psychopathy
Vekaria, Kruti, 219–221
vice, 214
Viding, Essi, 135–136
Vieira, Joana, 94
Vietnam, 179
VIM. See Violence Inhibition Mechanism
as decreasing, 207–208, 221–222, 228–247
domestic, 79
youth, 208–209
Violence Inhibition Mechanism (VIM), 58–73, 128, 188
virtual reality, 251
vocal expressions, 139
volunteering, 105–106, 203–205, 206–207, 232–233, 234–240
volunteers, 31–40, 53–55, 109–110, 141–155, 157–164
vortex of indecision, 225–226
Walden Two (Skinner), 44
Washington (state), 9–15, 24–25, 47, 142, 253
See also freeway
Washington, DC, 51–55, 57–58, 182–183
See also Georgetown University; National Institutes of Health
Washington Regional Transplant Consortium, 145–149
Watson, John, 43–44
Wegner, Daniel, 16–20
weight, 42–43
Weinstein, Netta, 248
Western Hemisphere, 208
Whalen, Paul, 132
Wheatley, Thalia, 52–53
Wheeler, Heather, 24
WHO. See World Health Organization
Williams, Jacqueline, 18–20
Williams, Zina, 18–20
Wilson, Samuel, 55
Wilsoncroft, William, 170–172, 174, 185, 192–193
World Bank, 229–230
World Giving Index, 105–106, 203–207, 242–243
World Health Organization (WHO), 106
written fiction, power of, 244–246
Yale University, 26–34, 223–225
Yamagishi, Toshio, 247
youth violence and delinquency, 208–209
Yu, Henry, 195–196
Zen Buddhism, 118
Zimbardo, Philip, 25–26
zoos, 175–176