INDEX

ability 200–3, 240, 249; see also talents

abstraction 34, 157

Achilles 455

action, voluntary and involuntary 161–2, 174–5, 183–94, 207, 455

tendency of 73–4, 163–4, 185–6, 191, 373

Addison, Joseph, Cato: A Tragedy xix, 463

adversity 207–10, 373–4

ageing 454

Agincourt 14

agriculture 429, 430, 432

Alderson, Amelia xxvii

Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon) 13, 143, 178, 207

Alfred the Great (Alfred) 207

ambition 144, 194, 240, 276, 298, 426

America xxx

Amphictyonic Council 305, 348

anarchism x

anarchy 11, 15, 291, 313, 386–90

Anaxarchus of Abdera 38

Annual Register xiv

Anti-Jacobins xxix

appetite xxxi, 122, 128, 185, 215, 217, 227, 383, 416, 425, 447

Aquinas, Thomas 351

Aristides 262

aristocracy xx, 46, 246–8, 255–60, 263, 273, 448

Aristotle 45, 351

Arminianism 319

assassination 126, 136, 460

association of ideas 17, 39, 157, 159, 164, 175–80, 242, 443

associations xviii, 114–17, 283

Association for the Preservation of

Liberty and the Property

Against Republicans and

Levellers xxiii, 86

Athanasian creed 325

Athena xi

Aurungzebe 14

Austria and Austrian 14, 278, 358

Australia xxv

authority xviii, xx, 75, 85–6, 90–7, 105, 205, 263, 292–3

automatism 173, 175

avarice 200, 232, 309, 394, 451

Bacchus 13

balance of power 278

ballot 359–61

banishment 398–9

Beccaria Cesare Bonesana 377

Dei delitte e delle pene 374, 377, 379

benevolence xxxii, 62, 129, 188, 190, 194, 198, 282, 341, 394, 438, 450–1, 454–5, 470; see also disinterestedness

Bentham, Jeremy x

Bible, the 330

Blackwall 90

Botany Bay xxiv

Braxfield, Judge xxiv, xxv

Britain ix, x, xix, xxii

British Convention xxiv

British Critic and Quarterly Theological Review xxii

Brunswick coalition (1792) 275

Brutus, Lucius Junius 59, 116, 126, 257, 311

Burke, Edmund xii, xix, xx, xxii, 15, 70, 102

Reflections on the Revolution in France ix, x, xv, xxii, 236, 270, 420

Speech on Oeconomical Reform 178, 355

Caesar, Gaius Julius 13, 126, 143, 178, 231

Calvin, Jean xiv, 63, 130

Calvinism xiv, xxvi, 319

Caligula 84

Cambyses 13

Camillus, Marcus Furius 257

capacity 63–4, 140

corporate and individual 256–7, 295, 308–11

intellectual 137, 167

Carthage 13, 196

Cato, Marcus Porcius xix, 59, 139, 143, 231, 247, 257, 311, 323

Addison’s Cato 196, 197, 463

causation 157; see also conjunction, necessity

Cecil, Robert (earl of Salisbury) 222

censorship 310

Cervantes, Don Quixote 102, 212

charity 419, 424

Charlemagne 14

Charles I 14, 93, 107, 109, 113

Churchill, John (duke of Marlborough) 14

churchwardens 333

Cicero, Marcus Tullius 131, 231, 247, 257, 287, 380

De officiis (Summum ius summa injuria) 405

Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintus 257

Circe 320

claims 68–72, 360

civilisation 45, 150, 190, 248, 267, 402, 416, 422, 425–32, 468

Clairmont, Mary Jane xxix

Clairmont, Jane xxx

Claudius, Appius 257

Clement, Jacques 62

climate xv, 21, 42–6, 158

clubs 120, 303

Codrus, king 59

coercion 324, 366–92, 393–4, 399–400; see also punishment

cohabitation 445–6

Coke, Chief Justice 351

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor x, xxxi

colonies 283, 398–9, 461

commerce 272, 296, 311–12, 318, 429, 451, 468

communication xxx–xxxii, 72, 97–8, 106, 118, 129, 271, 331, 395, 453

concerts 444

Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, marquis de;

Vie de Monsieur Turgot 100

Vie de Voltaire 129, 136, 137

confidence 98, 151, 211, 216

Confucius 71, 326

conjunction 155, 157, 173, 183

conscience xvi, 64, 75–6, 95, 204, 366–8; see also religion

consciousness 18, 164, 167, 175–6, 179–88

conspiracy 125, 216, 395

contrition 170

conversation 5, 75, 115, 118–19, 140, 209, 352, 445, 447

cooperation 348, 443–5, 451

Coriolanus, Gnaeus Marcius 257

Corvus, Marcus Valerius (Valerius) 257

courtiers 231, 237, 241, 338, 432, 464

courts, of law 228, 230

monarchical 137, 222, 232–3, 235, 278, 349, 420–2

Coventry, Henry, Philemon to Hydaspes 428

cowardice 132, 147, 149, 215, 217, 352, 360, 395, 446

Crécy 14

Cromwell, Oliver 84

Cranmer, Archbishop Thomas 39, 454

curiosity 118, 171, 310, 316–17, 325, 328, 391

Cyrus 13

Damiens, Robert-François 62

Darius 13

death 76, 454, 456

for the common good 56, 58–9, 362

penalty 393–4, 412; see also martyrdom

Decii, Gens 257

Decius 59

delegation 85–6, 91–2, 98

deliberation xviii, 98, 162, 287

common 93–4, 205, 296

deliberative assemblies 205, 295

demagogues 261, 294, 304, 327

democracy 260–5, 272–3, 288–90

pure 101

deputies 85

despotism 15, 21, 103, 219–22, 226, 279, 291, 327, 387–8, 461–2

desert 54–5, 170, 217, 224, 365, 446–7

dictatorship, Roman 304

discretion xii

disinterestedness xvii, xxxiii, 48, 186–7, 194, 198, 354, 462, 470

Dissent xvi

distinction, love of 30, 431, 433–4, 440

divine right (de jure divino) 82–3, 214

division of powers 294–5

division of labour 451–2

drama xxx; see also theatre

Dryden, John 144

duelling 59–60, 370

duty xii, xvii–viii, 5, 61–6, 68, 75–6, 90, 315

of community 385–6, 400

discretion 68–72, 240, 245, 290, 360

justice as 52, 56–8, 392

private judgment 108, 315, 331, 368

virtue 167–8, 194, 276, 462, 467

Duvernet, Théophile Imarigeon, La Vie de Voltaire 129, 137

Dyson, George xxxi

education 22–5, 201, 214, 248–51, 448

national education 350–4

of the Prince 206–12

Edward the fourth 14

Edwards, Rev. Jonathan 54, 164

Egypt and the Egyptians 13, 266

elections 92, 233–6, 243, 256, 304–6, 348, 359–60, 420

and papacy 26

Elizabeth I 207, 221, 374

Engels, Friedrich xxxii

England 14, 28, 31, 32, 70, 109, 117, 153, 207, 236, 370, 422

the English 5, 45, 112, 290, 389, 432

English constitution 70, 85, 101–2, 111, 235, 293, 333

Church of England 330, 351

Enlightenment, the xvi, xix, xx

entail 259, 414

Epictetus 143

Epicurus 128, 438

equality xii, 12, 64–6, 84, 207, 261, 431

as precondition for virtue 284, 296, 413

system of 460–4

Eudamidas of Corinth 357

error 12, 22–7, 50, 121–2, 264–5, 299, 311–12, 384, 406

Euclid 74

Europe 14, 25, 28, 259, 278–9, 345, 388, 398, 399, 427, 446

evidence 43, 61–3, 71, 78–9, 244, 312, 380–1, 400–1

intrinsic 74, 154, 293

evil, choice of 50

excommunication 25

executive power 95, 205, 294–6, 346

experience 18–19, 38, 155–77, 188, 209

Eyre, Lord Chief Justice xxv

Fabii, Gens 257

falsehood, 21–6, 50, 55, 97, 102–5, 134, 145–52, 210–12, 224, 236–8, 255, 281, 312, 332–6, 367–71, 390

fame, love of 194, 434, 435; see also distinction

famous fire cause, see Fénelon

Fawcett, Joseph xxxi

fear 18, 73, 119, 226, 230

Fénelon, François de Salignac La Mothe, archbishop of Cambray xi, 53, 54, 135, 217

Les Aventures de Télémaque xi, 53, 153

Filmer, Robert 21, 51

Fitzpatrick, Richard ix

force 65, 82, 92–9, 107–10, 299, 303, 336, 342, 362, 390, 425, 443, 466

foresight 18, 38, 157–62, 175, 185–9

fortification 280

fortitude 133–5, 208, 252, 341–2, 354, 357

Fox, Charles James ix

France 3, 14, 31, 44, 102, 123, 124, 226, 254

the French/Frenchmen 4, 13, 24, 45, 70, 101, 275, 293, 329–31, 343, 348, 353

French Enlightenment xiv, xxii

French revolution ix–x, xv, xviii, 4, 113, 124, 236, 270, 288, 346

National Assembly 300

Franklin, Benjamin 444, 453

fraud 27, 426, 446

Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor 207

Frederick, the Great, king of Prussia 14, 374

freedom 21

of communication 118, 337, 462

conditions for 125, 210, 317

of enquiry 302, 340, 409

as independence 66, 441

of thought 136, 310

of the will 161–5

Galilei, Galileo 290

game laws 31

generation 48, 84, 458

Genghis Khan 14

genius 234–5, 423–4

Genlis, madame de (Félicité Stéphanie, comtesse de Brulart) 212

Lessons of a Governess to her Pupils 213, 229

Gérard, Balthazar 62

Germany 14

Gerrald, Joseph xxv

Godwin, William ix–xlv

reputation xxii

Political Justice ix–xxiv, xliii, xlv,

revisions xxvi, xxxv–xxxix

Autobiographical Fragments xv, xxv

Cloudesley xlv

Considerations on Lord Grenville and Mr Pitt’s Bills xxvii

Cursory Strictures on the Charge Delivered … to the Grand Jury xxv

Diary xv, xxiii, xxxi

Deloraine xx

Memoirs of the Author of a Vindication xxix

Of Population xxi

St Leon xxix, xxx

The Enquirer xxix, xxx

Things As They Are or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams xx, xxiv, xxv

Thoughts Occasioned by the Perusal of Dr. Parr’s Spital Sermon xxi, xxix

Gordon Riots 230

Goths 14, 460

government, dissolution 305–6

effects 12, 16, 21, 26–7, 308

foundations 82–6

forms of 101–5, 204–6

nature of 91–3, 96, 344–5

opinion 65, 108, 236, 322–6

simplest 4

and society 51–2, 414

true ends 244, 256, 298–300, 462; see also anarchy, aristocracy, democracy, despotism, mixed government, monarchy

Gracchi, Tiberius and Gaius 257, 258

gratitude 54, 111, 420

Greece and the Greeks 13, 45, 46, 102, 245, 266, 280, 303, 305, 318, 323

Greece, Amphictyonic council of 305, 348

Gunpowder Plot 62, 130

habeas corpus ix, xxv

habit 40, 48–9, 122, 158, 185, 195, 208, 298–9, 314, 352, 397, 408–9, 435, 454, 457

Hanover, house of 235

Hanover, elector of 253

happiness xi, 11, 53, 64, 67, 73, 143, 435, 438

political happiness 285, 327

and virtue 128, 140, 195, 203, 267, 319, 365, 405, 461

Hardy, Thomas xxv

Hartley, David; Observations on Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations xvi, 20, 35, 173

Hays, Mary xxviii

Hazlitt, William x

Spirit of the Age xxii

Helvétius, Claude-Adrien xiv, xvi, 4, 12, 123, 268

De l’esprit xvii

De l’homme, de ses facultés intellectuelles et de son éducation (De l’Homme, Préface) 124

Henry IV of France (Henry the fourth) 14, 207

Henry VI (Henry the sixth) 14

hereditary distinction 224, 246–9, 332

heresy 311, 322, 325–7

Hertfordshire xlii

Holbach, baron de xiv, xvi

Système de la Nature 4, xvii

Holcroft, Thomas xxv, xxxi

Holland 101, 256, 290

Home, Henry/Lord Kames (Lord Kaimes) 24

Home, John, Douglas: A Tragedy 100, 251

honesty 199, 201–2

honour xix, 101, 134, 194, 224, 229, 276

Howard, Charles (earl of Nottingham) 222

Howard, John 396

Hoxton Dissenting Academy xiv, xxxi

Humboldt, Wilhelm von xiii

Hume, David xvii, xxxii, 423

A Treatise of Human Nature xvii, xxvi

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 161

Essays, Moral, Political and Literary 46, 65, 84, 104, 120, 428

Huns 14

hypocrisy 146–8, 367

ideas xvii

complex and simple 176, 180

train of 72, 177, 179, 180, 182–3, 188, 192, 325, 380, 395; see also association of ideas

ignis fatuus 252

Imlay, Fanny (also: Godwin, Fanny) xxviii, xxix, xxx, xliv

immortality 453, 455, 457, 458

impartiality xi–xii, xxxiii, xxvii, xxxii–xxxiii, 76, 127, 187, 194, 381, 418

impressions 17, 20, 33, 37–41, 158, 173, 180–1, 242, 301, 437, 445

imprisonment 396–7

improvement 12, 22, 33, 36, 41, 66, 94, 102, 104–6, 119, 122, 130, 138, 150–3, 177–8, 209, 263–4, 287, 297, 313, 317–18, 351, 355, 373–4, 424–6, 434–6, 443–6, 449, 456–7, 461–2, 470; see also mind, progress

Inchbald, Elizabeth xxvii

independence 47, 66, 85, 208, 389, 400, 417, 449

and virtue 229, 296, 413, 433

natural and moral 441–2

individualism 52, 288

India (Indostan) 25, 43

industry see labour

infants 18–19, 34, 40, 161–2, 173–80, 188, 448

inheritance 56, 259, 388, 417

innocence and virtue 47, 80, 215

integrity 150, 201–3, 276, 334, 367

invasion 15, 116, 273, 277, 286, 288, 292, 299–304

Ireland x, xxix

Italy 13, 45, 290

jails 396

Jesuits 332

Jesus Christ 61, 71, 192, 325

John, Henry St (Bolingbroke and Mr St John) 254

Johnson, Joseph xxviii

Johnson, Samuel (Doctor Johnson) 144

Joyce, Jeremiah xxv

Judas Iscariot 192

jure divino 82, 214

juries 32, 305–6, 408–9

justice passim xi–xii, xvii, 25–7, 52–8, 72–81, 143–4, 192–4, 204–5, 230–1, 240–2, 250–2, 254–5, 263–4, 274–6, 291, 297, 329, 415–16, 419, 424, 434, 437, 449–51, 463–5

criminal justice 362–413

Kegan Paul, Charles xxxii

King, John xxiv

Kippis, Andrew xiv

Koran (Alcoran) 255, 330

Kropotkin xxxiii

labour and property 29, 31, 81, 161, 258–9, 355, 416–17, 429, 431–3, 442–4, 451–2, 469

Lancaster 14, 251

language 34–6

of necessity 169–72

latitudinarianism 102, 323, 368

law 76, 78, 85–6, 205, 330–1, 367–8, 402–12

administration 31

agrarian 309, 467

constitutional 343–6

ex post facto 402

laws of nations 84, 276

laws of nature 138, 180, 197, 310

legislation 95–6

and monarchy 228, 230

sumptuary laws 309

legislative power 205, 294–6, 346–9

legislator 95, 102, 194, 267, 270, 310–11, 333, 348, 374, 422, 444

leisure 22, 114, 220, 241, 248–9, 416, 423–4, 433–4

Leonidas, king 59

levelling 423, 459

libels 337–42

liberty xii, 276

advantages 43, 46

love of 470

moral 360

of the press 71

philosophical 155, 160–5, 167–71

political 12

literature 20–2, 106

Locke, John 12, 15, 20, 21, 51, 84, 113

Logan, John 27

Louis XIV of France 14, 101

Louis XVI of France x, xv, xxii

London i, xiv, xxii, xxv, xxvii

London Corresponding Society xxii, xxv

Lucullus, Lucius Licinius 257, 287

Luscinus, Gaius Fabricius (Fabricius) 257

luxury xv, xxi, 23, 47–8, 208, 229, 232, 251, 311, 421–2, 428, 451

Lycurgus 58, 102, 268, 269, 444

Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de (Mably) De la legislation; ou, Principes des loix 312, 423

Mackintosh, James, Vindiciae Gallicae x

magazines 428

Mandeville, Bernard, The Fable of the Bees; or, Private Vices, Publick Benefits 428

Malesherbes 268

malice prepense 377

Malthus, Thomas Robert xxi

Essay on Population xxi

Marathon, the battle of 140

marriage xxi, xxvii–xxviii

Marcellus, Marcus Claudius 257

Margarot, Maurice xxiv

Marius, Gaius 13, 371

martyrdom 58–9, 108, 134–5, 149

massacre 13, 14, 460

matter 21, 156–66, 172–3, 183, 363, 405, 444, 453

Maynwaring, Roger 21

medicine 457

memory 36, 179–82, 184, 401, 456

Mercury 209

merit, intrinsic xi–xii, 87, 230, 314

militia 283–5

Mill, John Stuart x, xiii

Miltiades 262

Milton, John 143, 144

mind; abstraction 34, 248

active 5, 102, 159, 267, 314, 363, 417, 421, 461, 464

cause, efficient not first 166, 183, 185–6

collision of mind and mind 21, 234, 445, 462

coercion 370, 373, 382

discipline 133

element 438

energy 76, 247, 333, 373

enlightened 344

fortitude 208, 252

general mind 122, 313, 431, 434, 463, 466

general principles 154, 157–61, 174–6, 184–94, 352, 437

historicised xx

ideas and mechanism 172–84, 373

lethargy 433

liberty and determinism 161–4, 172, 360

mechanism 172–4, 288

motive 130, 168–9, 433

omnipotence over matter 444, 453–9

perception 26, 175, 312,

direct and indirect 37–9

perfection xvii, 20

and disinterestedness 194

pleasure 140

prejudice 21, 100, 142, 269

political institution 342

progress of xv, xx, 3, 33, 35, 77, 105, 129, 132, 138, 264, 301, 317, 323, 351, 374, 408, 431, 436, 441, 444–50, 455, 470–1

resting places of 191–2

restraints on 263

satisfaction 196

self-deception 61, 225

sensation 247

sentiments 390, 394

truth 26, 105, 247, 310, 314–15, 374, 463

variety 102, 303

virtue 133, 139, 143, 166, 192, 234, 235, 323, 468

ministers 136–7, 220–4, 232, 238–41, 294, 411

miracles 74–5, 325

Mithridatic War 13

mixed government 225

mobs 114

monarchy 206, 217, 220, 222

corrupt 4, 217, 225

disadvantages 49, 230, 327

elective 233–6

imposture 227–8

limited/mixed 236–42

money 232, 272

Montagu, Edward (lord Kimbolton) 254

Montesquieu, Charles-Louis Secondat, baron de xv, 113, 137

De l’esprit des lois xv, 95, 237

morality, 52, 61, 126, 470

axioms 145, 212, 228, 297, 341

fixed and immutable 61

and justice 367–8

and necessity 363

and politics 312, 341

reason 368

religious 418

tendency of action 74

More, Thomas, Utopia 423

Morgan, William 453

motherhood 448

motion, animal 157, 160, 174–5, 180, 182, 184, 186

voluntary and involuntary 40, 157–66, 172–5, 180–6, 282, 408

motive xiii, xvii, 41, 58–9, 62–4, 73, 88–9, 108–9, 130, 134, 159, 163–71, 189–202, 355, 379–82, 433–5, 440, 457–8

Mucius, Gaius Mucius Scaevola xxiv, 38, 454

Muhammad (Mahomet and Mahometanism) 14, 61, 71, 111, 316, 326

Muir, Thomas xxiv, xxv

multitude, the 22, 106, 113, 144, 247, 258–61, 303–4, 387, 463

national character xv, 42–6, 104

necessity, doctrine of 115, 154–164, 165–72, 173, 175, 303, 310, 363

Necker, Jacques 270

Netherlands 358

New Annual Register xiv, xv

Newgate xxv

Newton, Isaac 21, 36, 290, 323, 444

Newton, Revd Samuel, of Norwich xiv, xlii

nominalism xvii

Norfolk xxviii

Norval 100, 101

oaths 24, 75, 328–9, 332–4

obedience 87, 93, 96–9, 120, 331, 408

military 282

obligation 17, 63, 84–6, 87–90, 96, 331–4, 385, 392; see also duty

Odysseus xi

Ogilvie, William, An Essay on the Right of Property in Land (Ogilvie’s Essay) 423, 427

Old Bailey 380

Omar 255

opinion xxi, 30, 44, 65, 71, 112, 117–22, 236, 292, 308–18, 325–7

Ostrogoths 14

Owen, Robert xxx

Paine, Thomas xii, xix, xx, xxii, xxiii

Common Sense 52, 268

Rights of Man x, xxiii, 12, 70, 249, 345

Paley, William xxii, 24, 276

Palmer, Thomas Fyshe xxiv, xxv

pardons 410–12

parents 19, 41, 92, 264, 270, 307, 321, 350, 370, 448

Paris xv, xxiii, xxviii

passions xvii–xviii, xxi, 28, 46, 95, 104, 115–16, 129, 144, 183, 194, 209, 261, 266, 291, 298, 387, 395, 407–8, 421, 426, 439

patriotism 115, 262, 350

peculium 206, 246

Pendleton, Gayle Trusdel xv

Peisistratus (Pisistratus) 262

pensions 356, 422

perception 26, 156, 161, 169, 172–92, 242, 352, 437, 461

comparison 34, 40

direct and indirect 37

love of self 16–18

preference 164, 175

perfectibility xvi, 16, 33, 264, 317, 405, 439

character of perfection 20, 27, 103, 127, 194, 248, 421, 446, 470

Pericles 262

persecution 137, 316–18, 367

Philomaths xviii

Phocion 262

Pitt, William ix, xxvii

pity 18, 34, 187–8

Plantagenets 14

Plato, Parmenides 127

Republic xvii, xx, 423

Platonism xvi, xxvi

pleasure 18, 50, 66, 77, 103

durable and higher 140, 188, 247, 447, 464

sensual 128–9, 144, 425, 437–9

Plutarch, Lives 194, 231

Poland 256

politeness 147

Political Herald xiv

population xxi, 427–9, 452, 458

Portugal and the kingdom of Portugal 148, 153

posse comitatus 370

poverty 28–31, 218, 423, 434

virtuous poverty 136, 357–8

power 167

deliberation 86

intellectual and active 164, 206, 207

political 51, 83, 95, 343, 348

right 68

truth/wisdom 127, 130, 208, 217, 311–12, 315, 371, 455, 468; see also balance of, capacity, division of, executive, legislative, liberty

predestinarianism 319

prejudice 21–3, 40–2, 66, 103, 105, 196, 351–2, 438

ignorance 48, 83, 88, 129–32, 241, 296

implicit faith 389, 424

religion 419

prescription 100, 143

Price, Dr Richard xvi, 453

A Review of the Principal Questions in Morals xvi

priesthood 42–3, 136, 321, 420

Priestley, Joseph xvi

The Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity Illustrated xvi

primogeniture 257–9, 388, 414–15

printing 137, 257, 466

private judgment xiii, xvi, xviii, 64, 71, 72–81, 82, 91, 107–8, 120, 204, 306, 341, 347

criterion of duty 368

and common deliberation 94; see also deliberation

Procrustes 78, 405

progress xiii, xv, xx, xxxi, 16, 34–7, 104, 113, 115, 292, 301, 317, 385, 431, 443–4, 455–8, 467–71

promises xvii, 87–90, 93, 287, 405

property xxi, 12, 28, 55–6, 86–7, 231, 259, 338, 404

equalisation of 414–18, 420–3, 427, 431, 437, 440–2, 450–2

prudence 131, 160, 341, 391, 397, 463

Ptolemaeus, Claudius (Ptolemy) 323

public deliberation see deliberation

public interest 92, 195, 230, 245–6

punishment xxi, 15, 42, 300, 324, 362–6

corporal 38, 78, 394

defined 362

an evil 78–81, 337

fear of 73

motive 75–6, 147

and necessity 170; see also coercion

Pyrrhon (Pyrrho) 210

Quakers 96, 386

Quincey, Thomas de xxvi

race 41, 45

reason xvii, 44, 66, 79, 91, 95, 109, 112–13, 119, 263, 271, 292, 306, 324–5, 370, 373–6, 408, 412, 445–8

dictates of 77, 121, 263, 274, 290, 292, 348, 384, 448

and justice 88, 143, 246, 254, 274, 292, 303, 442

and truth 125, 235, 320, 371

Ralegh, Sir Walter (Raleigh) 381, 382

Ravaillac, François 62

Raynal, Guillaume Thomas-François 65

reciprocity 57, 130, 387, 416, 449

reform 121–4, 260, 313, 350, 390–1, 396–8

Regulus, Marcus Atilius 196, 247, 257

religion 266, 419, 421

state support for 321, 326

toleration 70, 102, 311, 366–7

representation 85–6, 265, 292, 344, 347–8

republicanism 222, 394, 431, 463, 467, 469

ancient 102, 348, 357

resentment 113, 133, 144, 169–71, 366, 399, 458, 462, 466

resistance 107–10, 120, 374

responsibility 215, 236–7, 240

Restoration, the (1660) 389

Reveley, Henry xxvii

Reveley, Maria xxvii

Revolution, American ix, xvii, xviii, 113, 124

Revolution, French ix, xv, xvii, xviii, 4, 113, 124

revolutions xviii, 104, 110–14, 389

Richter, Henry xxv

rights of man xii–xiii, xx, 67–71

Rimmon, temple of 242

riots 105, 336

Gordon Riots (1780) 230

Robinson, George xv

Robinson, Mary xxviii

Rochefoucauld, François duc de la 231

Rochelle 14

Romanticism x

Rome 59, 102, 196, 247, 252, 256–7, 318, 380, 398, 467

Romans 13, 45, 255, 258, 266, 304, 387, 389, 395

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques xiv, 4, 12, 20, 85, 86, 91, 113, 137, 144, 193, 234, 267, 268, 269

Considérations sur le gouvernement de Pologne 234, 268

Émile ou De l’éducation 20, 193, 268

Rowe, Nicholas, The Tragedy of Jane Shore 218

Royal Exchange, the 90

Royal Proclamation against seditious writings xxiii

Sacred Mountain 389

Saint Bartholomew day massacre 14, 62

St George’s Fields 337

salaries 356–8

Salic law 14

Sandeman, Robert xiv

Sandemanianism xiv, xxvi

savages 189, 389, 425, 428, 431

scandalum magnatum 76

scepticism xxxii

science of politics 46, 83–4, 145, 297, 317, 327, 362

Scipio, Publius Cornelius, ‘Africanus Maior’ 257

Scipio, Publius Cornelius Emilianus, ‘Africanus Minor’ 257

Scottish trials 1793–4 xx, xxiv,

Scythians 13

security 12, 91, 296, 386–7, 393, 425

self-determination xix, 162–3

self love xvii, xxxii, 18, 81, 186–92, 231, 245, 375, 421, 430, 448

self preservation 18

Semiramis 13

sensation xvii, 34, 38–40, 174, 179, 183–5, 189–90, 242, 247, 430

sensorium 166, 181, 183, 185, 215

sensuality 128–9, 144, 208, 212, 215, 421, 435, 438, 447, 467

servants 146–7, 221, 234, 239, 416, 420

Servetus, Michael 63, 130

Sesostris 13

Shakespeare, William 197, 323

Macbeth 457

Henry the Eighth 219

Sharp, William xxv

Sheffield, John (duke of Buckinghamshire) 254

Shelley, Mary xxix, xxx

Shelley, Percy Bysshe xxx

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley xiv

ship money 93

Sibthorpe, Robert 21

Siculus, Diodorus 45

simplicity in explanation and conduct 106, 119, 168, 198, 290, 301, 324

of society 384, 432

of truth 182, 191, 228, 241, 264, 270

sincerity 126, 131–5, 148–53, 198, 238, 257, 309, 332, 341, 378, 449

Singer, Peter xxxii

Sinope, Diogenes of 208

Skirving, William xxiv

slavery 21, 43, 79, 103, 317, 327, 398

sleep xxii, 128, 181, 183, 373, 456

Smith, Adam, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 451

Smithfield 62

social contract xvii, 51, 82–6, 93

society, and animadversion 329, 337, 380, 401

in corporate capacity 303–6, 308, 312–14, 362

future 336–7, 448–51

and government 25–30, 51–2, 57–8, 71, 329, 394, 414

political society 67, 251, 261–4

Society for Constitutional Information xxii

Socrates xvii

soldiers 282, 285, 362

Solon 103

sortition 234, 359–61

Southey, Robert x, xxix

Spain, the Spanish, Spaniards 14, 24, 45, 278, 353

Spartan and Spartans 102, 268, 444

spies 226, 372

standing armies 283–7

state size 222

Sterne, Laurence, Sermons 95

stoicism xix, xxvi, 208

Stuart, Charles Edward (the Pretender) 134

Suffolk, Stowmarket in xiv

suicide 58–9

Sulla, Lucius (Sylla) 13

superstition 25–6, 270, 359–60

Voltaire and 136–7

Supreme Being 335

Swift, Jonathan 4, 14, 144, 325

Gulliver’s Travels 15, 312, 423

Three Sermons 57, 418

Sydney 12, 113

sympathy 115, 119, 139, 144, 188, 267, 455, 458

talents 56, 88, 92, 137, 140–4, 232–5, 240, 251, 257–60, 298, 314, 440, 466

Talmud 330

Tamerlane 14

taxation 12, 93, 205, 295, 346, 356–8

Telemachus xi, 53, 135

Test and Corporation Acts xvi

tests 132, 328–33, 405

Themistocles 140, 449

Thelwall, John xxv, xxvii, xxxv

Tertullianus, Quintus Septimus Florens, Apology 128

theatre 445

Theresa, Maria 14

Theseus 455

time 179–80

titles 225, 253–4

Tooke, John Horne xxv

torture 62, 149, 209, 370, 460

trade see commerce

tradition xix

transportation 398

transubstantiation 26, 346

Treason Trials 1794 xxv

treaties 272, 277, 284, 287, 289

truth xiii, xvi, xviii–xx, xxvi, xxxii

eternal truth 57, 93, 94

omnipotence of 4, 137, 207, 242, 264, 466

properties 5, 43, 114

single and uniform xvi, 102

truths of general nature 127

tyrannicide 124–5

tyranny 19, 44, 125, 303, 345, 368

understanding, the xiii, 22–3, 37–9, 43–4, 49, 63–4, 72–5, 96–9, 127, 132, 139–44, 164–5, 185–6, 190–2, 301, 308–18, 32; see also mind, will

United States of America 243

universities 351

utility xiii, xxxii, 73, 83, 112, 167, 170, 192–3, 363, 405, 411

Vandals 14, 460

vanity 189, 372, 416–17, 425–6

Varennes xv

Venice 256

Verricosus, Quintus Fabius 286

vibrations 172–3

vice 12, 27, 102, 266, 299, 311, 426, 428

violence xxxiii, 27, 80, 109, 113, 125, 394

and force 51, 73, 235, 277, 298, 305, 336, 391, 467

virtue xii, 139–44, 184–203

and vices 19–20, 55, 78, 169–70, 203, 271, 364–5, 406

visiting 145–7, 416

volition 97, 157, 161–4, 174–5, 182–5, 456–7

Voltaire 129, 136, 137, 144, 380

voting 86, 293–4, 301–2

Wallace, Robert, Prospects of Mankind 452, 493

war 13–15, 81, 98, 113, 258, 272–98, 385, 427

Watson, William, A Treatise on Time 179

wealth 29–32, 144, 207, 229–32, 249, 259, 359, 416–22, 469–70

welfare, defined by mind 58

Wentworth, Thomas (first earl of Strafford) (lord Strafford) 109

West Indies 283, 398

Westminster 90

Whigs xiv

widows, Brahmin (Bramin) 25

will, the 164–5, 468

William, king 14

Williams, Helen Maria xxvii

Wimbledon xxv

Worcestershire xxv

Wollstonecraft, Mary xxviii, xxix

Woolwich prison xxv

Wordsworth, William, Prelude x

writing 35–6, 336, 340

Xerxes 13, 162, 365

York 14, 63, 141, 251

Zoroaster 326