Endnotes
Introduction
1 Cathy Alexander, ‘Govt ministry announced: men the 95% in Abbott cabinet’, Crikey, 29 March 2014
2 Chrys Stevenson, ‘The Blokeyness Index: blokes win the gender war in Australia’s 4th Estate, The King’s Tribune, 6 December 2012
3 4th Estate, ‘Silenced: Gender Gap in the 2012 Election Coverage – Female Voices in Media Infographic’ – www.4thestate.net/female-voices-in-media-infographic/
4 Germaine Greer, ‘Why the world doesn’t need an Annie Warhol or a Francine Bacon’, The Guardian – Art and Design, 18 January 2010
5 Nicholas Zurko, ‘Gender Inequality in Film’, Infographic, New York Film Academy, 25 November 2013
6 Workplace Gender Equality Agency, ‘Gender pay gap statistics’, Australian Government, August 2013
Chapter 1: The Model
1 David Hutchings, ‘That’s All a Pose: 15-Year-Old Model Monika Schnarre’s a Kid at Heart’, People Magazine, USA, 30 June 1986
Chapter 2: The Body
1 Kirstie Clements, The Vogue Factor, Victory Books, 2013 p. 69
2 ibid.
Chapter 3: The Survivor
1 Attwood, Margaret (1982), ‘Writing the Male Character’ in Second Words: Selected Critical Prose, House of Anansi Press, Toronto, Canada, p. 413
2 Australian Institute of Criminology, Sexual Violence in Australia, 2001
3 Ken Lay on Family Violence – www.vicpolicenews.com.au/ blogs/93-oursay/1302-ccp-ken-lay-on-familyviolence.html#. UiSHu8h62nw.twitter
4 Clementine Ford, ‘Can we please stop the victim blaming?’, Daily Life, 26 September 2012
5 Greg McArthur, ‘Women walk the talk after officer’s offending ‘slut’ remarks’, The Globe and Mail, Toronto, 4 April 2011
6 Mala Htun and S. Laurel Weldon, ‘The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005’, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 106, No. 3, August 2012, pp. 548-569
7 ibid.
8 Barbie Nadeau, ‘Italian Women: We are Treated Like Prosciutto’, Newsweek, 17 April 2011; ‘Women bring violence on themselves – priest’, Herald Sun (via AAP source), 28 December 2012
Chapter 4: The Writer
1 Judy Putt in Rachelle Irving, ‘Career trajectories of women in policing Australia’, Australian Institute of Criminology, Australian Government
2 taramoss.com/manus-island-insiders-report
3 Joss Whedon’s acceptance speech for Equality Now award – www. huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/28/joss-whedon-equality-now-acceptance-speech_n_4169800.html
4 Doug Barry, ‘Neil Gaiman Explains How the Term ‘Strong Women’ Begets Lazy Writing’, Jezebel, 29 December
5 Daphne Guinness, ‘Death Sentences’, Sydney Morning Herald, 9 October 2004
6 Jeff Popple, ‘A life of crime can pay’, Sydney Morning Herald – Entertainment, 14 August 2013
7 Graeme Blundell, Review of Hit by Tara Moss,The Weekend Australian 22–23 October 2006
8 Alex Ravelo, ‘Fetish, Split, Tara Moss’, Interrobang, 26 September 2012
9 Darren Moyle, ‘First, write great Australian novel; second, get a nose job’, Sydney Morning Herald, 27 November 2002
10 Lissa Christopher, ‘Lovers of writing pack venues as the words rain down’, Sydney Morning Herald – Entertainment, 24 May 2013
11 ‘Carrie On: Pretty is as pretty does’, Cairns Post, 4 August 2007
12 Appeared on News Limited websites nationally but this was taken down after reader complaints
Chapter 5: Gold-diggers and Mean Girls
1 Attributed to Marcus Tullius Cicero in Tice, Paul and Montague Summers (translators) (2000 [1928]), The Malleus Maleficarum: the notorious handbook once used to condemn and punish ‘witches’ by Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger, p. 43, Book Tree, US.)
2 Craig Binnie, ‘Beauty swears she’s no beast’, Herald Sun, 6 June 2007
3 Sunday Telegraph, Ros Reines, Dec 10, 2006
4 Daily Telegraph, Sydney Confidential/‘Moss’s Lips are Sealed on Kiss’, 11 May 2007
5 Sydney Confidential, ‘Model-turned-author Tara Moss engaged again’, The Daily Telegraph – Entertainment, 25 February 2009
6 Holly Byrnes, ‘Chic overcomes shake despite security fears’, Sun Herald, 3 November 2002
7 ‘James Packer and Miranda Kerr in secret relationship just months after splitting from respective partners’ news.com.au, Celebrity Life, 2 December 2013
8 Darren Davidson, ‘Packer trades in one model for another’, The Australian, 2 December 2013
9 H L Mencken, A Little Book in C Major, John Lane Company, New York, 1916, p. 59
10 Samantha Brick, ‘There are downsides to looking this pretty’: Why women hate me for being beautiful ‘, Daily Mail, 3 April 2012
11 Of the origins of the Bechdel test, Bechdel writes: ‘I am pretty certain that my friend Liz Wallace, from whom I stole the idea in 1985, stole it herself from Virginia Woolf, who wrote about it in 1926.’ dykestowatchoutfor.com, 8 November 2013
12 Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz and Dana E Mastro, “Mean Girls? The Influence of Gender Portrayed in Teen Movies on Emerging Adults Gender Based Attitudes and Beliefs, ‘J & MC Quarterly, Vol. 85 No. 1, 2008, pp. 131-146
13 Tara Moss, ‘Tara Moss’s Red Lips Roadtest’, The Hoopla, 5 February 2014
14 Chloe-Lee Longhetti, ‘Aussie model and author Tara Moss says she’s been ‘sticking my tongue out since before Miley was in nappies’’, Sydney Confidential, The Daily Telegraph, 6 February 2014
Chapter 6: The Femme Fatale
Parts of this chapter were originally published in the opinion piece ‘Beauty Obscures the Beast’, Sydney Morning Herald, 24 September 2011, and featured in the speech ‘Deadlier than the Male’, given at the Wheeler Centre in Melbourne, May 30 2013
1 St Jerome, Against Jovinianus (Book One), New Advent, [393 CE] – www.newadvent.org/fathers/30091.htm
2 Hesiod, Theogony, Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University, Lines 590-4, 8th-7th century BC
3 Christopher L.C.E. Witcombe, Eve and the Identity of Women, Chapter 7, ‘Eve & Lilith’, Art History Resources: – http://witcombe.sbc.edu/eve-women/7evelilith.html
4 Plato, Timaeus, circa 360 BC, Benjamin Jowett (translator) 1891 (3rd edition), p. 58. Classics MIT
5 Arthur Conan Doyle, The Sign of Four, Chapter 9: A Break in the Chain, About.Com Classic Literature, 1890
6 ‘Pat Robertson Excuses Petraeus: “He’s a Man”’, The Young Turks, Youtube, 13 November 2012
7 Robin Morgan, ‘Behind the Headlines – Sharing the Spotlight with David Petraeus’, Women’s Media Centre, 17 November 2012
8 Bob Kane and Tom Andrae (1989), Batman and Me, Eclipse Books, Forestville, CA, USA, pp 107-108
9 Tobias Jones, ‘Death in Perugia: The Definitive Account of the Meredith Kercher Case by John Follain – review’, The Guardian, 27 October 2011
10 Underbelly:Razor, series 4, Nine Network, 2011. Voiceover from television promo; Colin Vickery, ‘Review: Underbelly: Razor a cut above the rest’, Herald Sun – Entertainment, 22 August 2011
11 Cesare Lombroso and Guglielmo Ferrero, Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman, Introduction by Nicole Hahn Rafter and Mary Gibson, Duke University Press, 2004, p. 8
Chapter 7: The Archetypal Woman
1 Bell Hooks, Remembered Rapture: The Writer at Work, 1999, Henry Holt and Company, New York, p. 30
2 Some women still publish under male pseudonyms in order to appeal to more readers. See: Stephanie Cohen, ‘Why Women Writers Still Take Men’s Names’, Wall Street Journal, 6 December 2012. These methods have been employed for as long as writers have. But by insisting on gender-neutral names to help sales, are publishers (or in some cases, writers) inadvertently also reinforcing the idea that the only books worth reading are books by men?
3 VIDA Women in Literary Arts, ‘The 2011 Count’, 27 February 2012 – www.vidaweb.org/the-2011-count/
4 www.booksellerandpublisher.com.au/DetailPage.aspx?type=item&id =23091. Examination of the database of industry publication Books and Publishing suggests about equal numbers of men and women are published in Australia. This statistic is also quoted by The Stella Prize on their webpage in Stats! And more stats! Sept 9, 2011, http:// thestellaprize.com.au/2011/09/stats-and-more-stats/
5 Alison Flood, ‘Australian ‘Orange prize’ to promote women writers’ status’, The Guardian – Books, 4 May 2011
6 “68 per cent of men who work in the industry earn more than $100,000 as opposed to 32 per cent of the women, according to The Bloom Report in 2007. The Stella Prize, ‘Stats! And more stats!”, 9 September 2011
7 Amanda Hess, ‘Which Is the Manliest Literary Magazine of Them All?’, Slate, 24 February 2014
8 Mykol C Hamilton, David Anderson, Michelle Broaddus and Kate Young, ‘Gender Stereotyping and Under-representation of Female Characters in 200 Popular Children’s Picture Books: A Twenty-first Century Update’, Sex Roles 2006, No 55, pp. 757-765, published online by Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 6 December 2006
9 Emily M Keeler, ‘David Gilmour on Building Strong Stomachs’, Hazlitt, Random House of Canada, 26 September 2013
10 Versha Sharma and Hanna Sender, ‘Hollywood Movies With Strong Female Roles Make More Money’, Vocativ, 2 January 2014
11 Jennifer Kesler, ‘The Bechdel test: it’s not about passing’, the Hathor Legacy, 28 December 2010
12 Oxford Dictionaries – www.oxforddictionaries.com
13 The scriptwriter Callie Khouri and her film were attacked at the time, labelled ‘toxic feminism’. She was asked by interviewer, Jodie Burke: ‘. . . others have labelled you a toxic feminist. What do you have to say in response to that?’Khouri replied: ‘Kiss my ass. Kiss my ass. I was raised in this society. Let them get their deal worked out about the way women are treated in films before they start hassling me about the way men are treated. There’s a whole genre of films known as ‘exploitation’ based on the degradation of women and a whole bunch of redneck critics extolling its virtues, and until there’s a subgenre of women doing the same thing to men in numbers too numerous to count, as is the case with exploitation film, then just shut the fuck up.’ She goes on to say: ‘They only criticize me because I’m a woman, the same way they only criticize Spike Lee and other filmmakers because they’re black. Only women and minorities are under this directive to present responsible role models in non-threatening, non-violent movies. All other white guys can do whatever they want. It’s just ridiculous.’ Callie Khouri, Thelma and Louise and Something to Talk About (Screenplays), ‘Introduction: An Interview with Callie Khouri’, Jodie Burke, Grove Press, NYC, USA, 1996, pp. xv-xvi
14 Nicholas Zurko, ‘Gender Inequality in Film’, Infographic, New York Film Academy, 25 November 2013
15 Frank Bruni, ‘Waiting for Wonder Woman’, New York Times – Sunday Review, 21 December 2013
16 Los Angeles Times reporters looked at 5100 Oscar voters – more than 89 per cent of all active voting members; Doug Smith (data analysis), Robert Burns and Khang Nguyen (graphic), Anthony Pesce (programming), ‘Graphic: And the academy members are . . .’ Los Angeles Times, 19 February 2012
17 www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/jan/17/germaine-greerelles-pompidou
18 Shown here: www.guerrillagirls.com/posters/getnaked.shtml
Chapter 8: The Invisible Woman
1 Virginia Woolf, Orlando: A Biography, Bollinger: Urban Romantics, London, UK, 2012 [1928], Chapter 1, p. 13
2 4thEstate, ‘Silenced: Gender Gap in the 2012 Election Coverage’, Female Voices in Media Infographic
3 Stephen Colbert, The Colbert Report, Comedy Central, 12 March 2012
4 http://womeninjournalism.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ Seen_but_not_heard.pdf
5 Chrys Stevenson, ‘The Blokeyness Index: blokes win the gender war in Australia’s 4th Estate, The King’s Tribune, 6 December 2012
6 Tara Moss, ‘The Age of Invisibility?’, TaraMoss.com, 25 July 2013
7 Eric Stoller, ‘Affirmative Action’, Eric Stoller’s blog, 4 March 2006
8 World Economic Forum, Insight Report: The Global Gender Gap Report 2013
9 Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘5673.0.55.003 – Wage and Salary Earner Statistics for Small Areas, Time Series, 2005-06 to 2010-11’, Media Release, 20 December 2013
10 Rebecca Cassells, Riyana Miranti, Binod Nepal and Robert Tanton, AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report Issue 22 ‘She Works Hard for the Money’, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM), University of Canberra, April 2009
11 Australian Human Rights Commission, ‘The gender gap in retirement savings’ – www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/gender-gap-retirement-savings
Chapter 9: The Gender Wars
1 Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Women and Economics, Cosimo Classics, Cosimo Inc, New York, 2007 [1898], p. 74
2 American Psychological Association, ‘Think Again: Men and Women Share Cognitive Skills’, 18 January 2006
3 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques in Émile, quoted in Carol Blum, ‘Rousseau and Feminist Revision’, Eighteenth-Century Life, Vol. 34, No. 3, Fall 2010, p. 51
4 Hegel, GWF (trans. T.M. Knox), The Philosophy of Right, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957 [1820], pp. 263–64
5 Cordelia Fine, Delusions of Gender: The Real Science Behind Sex Differences, ‘Introduction’, Icon Books, New York,
6 Mary Roach, Bonk: The curious coupling of science and sex. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2009, p. 214
7 There has been heated academic debate about interpretations of Freud’s work, with Juliet Mitchell, among others, arguing that his analysis reflected the patriarchal culture of his day – penis envy presented not so much as a lack in women, but as a logical envy of male privilege. See Psychoanalysis and Feminism: Freud, Reich, Laing, and Women, Juliet Mitchell, Pantheon Press, 1974
8 Michèle Le Dœuff, The Philosophical Imaginary (trans. Colin Gordon), Continuum Books, 2002, p.108
9 Emily Arrowood, ‘Fox Figures: Rise in female breadwinners is a sign of society’s downfall’, Media Matters for America, 29 May 2013
10 Joe Kelly, ‘Tony Abbott in ‘dark ages’ on women: Jenny Macklin’, Australian, 16 March, 2010
11 American Psychological Association, ‘Men and Women: No big difference’
12 Laura Briggs, ‘The Race of Hysteria: “Overcivilization” and the “Savage” Woman in Late Nineteenth-Century, Obstetrics and Gynecology, American Quarterly, Vol 52
13 Nietzsche, Friedrich, Beyond Good and Evil, Translated by Helen Zimmern, Chapter IV. Apophthegms and Interludes,Verse 144, Project Gutenberg E-book, 7 December 2009 [1886]
14 Chas. (Charles) L. Dana, ‘Suffrage a cult of self and sex; The average zealot has the mental age of eleven and through a cranny sees the dazzling illusion of a New Heaven, The New York Times, New York, 27 June 1915, p. 14
15 Aaron Blake, ‘Todd Akin, GOP Senate Candidate: ‘Legitimate rape’ rarely causes pregnancy’, Washington Post, 19 August 2012
16 Olivia B. Waxman, ‘Saudi Cleric Says Driving Hurts Women’s Ovaries’, Time, 30 September 2013
17 Workplace Gender Equality Agency, ‘Gender pay gap statistics’, Australian Government, August 2013
18 Ruth Weston, Lixia Qu and Jennifer Baxter, ‘Australian families with children and adolescents’, Australian Family Trends No. 5, 2013
19 Australian Institute of Family Studies, ‘Families working together: getting the balance right’, Dr Jennifer Baxter, Australian Family Trends No. 2, May 2013
20 Cordelia Fine, Delusions of Gender: The Real Science Behind Sex Differences, ‘Introduction’, Icon Books, New York, 2010, page 82. See for example Bittman, M, p. England, L. Sayer (2003), ‘When does gender trump money? Bargaining and time in household work’, Faculty of Arts papers, University of Wollongong Research; Brines, Julie (1994), ‘Economic Dependency, Gender, and the Division of Labor at Home’, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 100, No. 3, November, pp. 652-688, The University of Chicago Press
21 Sarah Thébaud (Cornell University), Masculinity, Bargaining, and Breadwinning: Understanding Men’s Housework in the Cultural Context of Paid Work, Gender and Society, Vol 24, No 3, June 2010
22 Janet Phillips and Malcolm Park, ‘Measuring domestic violence and sexual assault against women’, E-brief, Parliamentary Library, Parliament of Australia, 6 December 2004, updated 12 December 2006
23 Homelessness Australia, ‘Homelessness and Women’, 2011-2012
24 Ken Lay, ‘Men have to stand up and change their thinking’, Herald Sun, 17 October 2013
25 NSW Department of Family and Community Services (2013), ‘Women NSW 2013’, Report, Section 1:3 Domestic Violence Homicide
26 Georgina Fuller, ‘Australian crime: Facts & figures, Australian Institute of Criminology’, Australian Government, 2011
27 Elspeth Probyn, Sexing the Self: Gendered Positions in Cultural Studies, Routledge, London and New York, 1993, p. 32
Chapter 10: The ‘Real’ Woman
1 Dove, ‘The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty’ – www.dove.us/social-mission/campaign-for-real-beauty.aspx
2 Mamamia Team, ‘Sunrise girls go make-up free in an Aussie TV first’, Mamamia, 15 August 2013
3 Dan Amira, ‘Hillary Clinton Is Asked What Designers She Wears Moments After Making Point About Sexism’, New York Magazine, 3 December 2010
4 Lisa Wilkinson, ‘When it comes to sexism, media must heal themselves’, The Age – Comment, 26 October 2013
5 Amy Oliver, ‘It does matter how women look on TV’: Former BBC correspondent Michael Cole says ageing female broadcasters should stop complaining about sexism’, Daily Mail, 4 April 2012
6 ‘Does Our Looks-Obsessed Culture Want to Stare at an Aging Woman?’, Transcript, Rush Limbaugh Show, 17 December 2007
7 Ashley Judd, ‘Ashley Judd Slaps Media in the Face for Speculation Over Her ‘Puffy’ Appearance’, The Daily Beast, 9 April 2012
8 Liz Jones, ‘Portrait of a slightly saggy supermodel: Liz Jones deconstructs a Kate Moss snap that’s worth 1,000 airbrushed adverts’, Daily Mail, 13 August 2013
9 Barnabe Rich, The Excellency of Good Women. The honour and estimation that belongeth unto them. The infallible markes whereby to know them, London, 1613, p. 16
10 Clementine Ford, ‘Why do we bother with make-up free campaigns?’, Daily Life, 25 August 2013
11 Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch, p. 325
Chapter 11: The Beautiful and the Damned
1 John Berger, Ways of Seeing, Penguin, UK, 25 September 2008
2 Giovanni Busetta, Fabio Fiorillo and Emanuela Visalli (University of Messina), ‘Searching for a job is a beauty contest’, Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA), Paper No, 49392, 30 August 2013
3 Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women, Vintage, London, 1991, p. 45
4 Ben Child, ‘Bret Easton Ellis: Kathryn Bigelow is ‘overrated’ because she’s a ‘hot woman’, The Guardian, UK, 7 December 2012
5 Christine Sams, ‘Eight days: Your Sunday-to-Sunday planner, written by Christine Sams’, Sydney Morning Herald – Entertainment, 16 September 2012
6 Wendy Boswell, ‘Emma Watson talks about “pervy paparazzi”, Crushable, 5 February 2009
Chapter 12: The Beautiful Man
1 Germaine Greer, The Beautiful Boy, (Hardcover), Rizzoli, New York, 2003, p. 7
2 Hugo Schwyzer (@hugoschwyzer), Twitter status, 9.12am, 28 June 2013
3 See examples of this at: www.pinterest.com/taramossauthor/the-beautiful-man-part-2-the-suits
4 ‘Gordon-Levitt on Being a Feminist on Ellen’, YouTube video, 1:43 and 3:02, 9 January 2014
5 AAP, ‘Cleo brings back the centrefold’, The West Australian, 15 November 2013
6 Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth:, Vintage, London, 1991 [1990], p. 45
7 Emily Maguire, ‘It Takes Two’ Sydney Morning Herald, 20 November 2010
Chapter 13: The Visible Woman
1 Marina Warner, ‘What I see in the mirror: Marina Warner, The Guardian UK – Fashion
2 John Berger, Ways of Seeing, Penguin, UK, 25 September 2008, p. 144
3 Germaine Greer, The Female Eunuch (Paperback), MacGibbon & Kee, 1970, p. 278
4 Richard Kersley & Michael O’Sullivan, ‘Global Wealth Reaches New All-Time High’, Credit Suisse
Chapter 14: The Mother
Parts of this chapter were first published in Essential Baby, ‘In defence of birth plans’, Essential Baby, 17 June 2012 .and in the Sydney Morning Herald, ‘Birth is no time for war stories’, 23 June 2012
1 Monica Dux, ‘It’s a woman’s right to choose how she births’, The Age – Federal Politics, 16 June 2009
2 Tara Moss,’ Birth is no time for war stories’, Sydney Morning Herald, 23 June 2012
3 Andie Fox (writing as ‘blue milk’), ‘Because reproductive rights include birth rights’, Blue Milk blog, 17 July 2009
4 Tara Moss,’ Birth is no time for war stories’, Sydney Morning Herald, 23 June 2012
5 Mia Freedman, ‘My view of birth plans is they’re most useful when you set them on fire and use them to toast marshmallows’, The Sunday Telegraph, 17 June 2012
6 ‘Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants’, Who Reproductive Library
7 Tara Moss,’ Birth is no time for war stories’, Sydney Morning Herald, 23 June 2012
8 Meredith J. McIntyre (School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University), ‘Safety of non-medically led primary maternity care models: a critical review of the international literature’, Australian Health Review, No, 36, Vol. 2, pp. 140-147, 25 May 2012 See also Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association (AHHA), ‘Midwives as safe as doctors – new study’, AHHA media release
9 Jeremy A. Lauer, Ana p. Bertrán, Mario Merialdi and Daniel Wojdyla, ‘World Health Report (2010): Background Paper, 29’, World Health Organization, 2010
10 Miranda Devine, ‘Price of belief may be a baby’s life’ Daily Telegraph, 22 October 2011
11 Patricia A. Janssen, PhD, Lee Saxell, MA, Lesley A. Page, PhD, Michael C. Klein, MD, Robert M. Liston, MD, Shoo K. Lee, MBBS PhD, ‘Outcomes of planned home birth with registered midwife versus planned hospital birth with midwife or physician’, CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal), Vol. 181, No. 6-7, 31 August 2009
12 A de Jonge, B Y van der Goes, A C Ravelli, M P Amelink-Verburg, B W Mol, J G Nijhuis, J Bennebroek Gravenhorst and S E Buitendijk, ‘Perinatal mortality and morbidity in a nationwide cohort of 529,688 low-risk planned home and hospital births’, BJOG (British Journal of Gynaecology), Vol. 116, No. 9, pp. 1177-84, August 2009
13 Amelia Hill, ‘Hungary: Midwife Agnes Gereb taken to court for championing home births’, The Guardian UK, 23 October 2010
14 Tara Moss,’ Birth is no time for war stories’, Sydney Morning Herald, 23 June 2012
15 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births), World Bank, (1990–2010)
16 Australian Bureau of Statistics
17 T Saisto and E. Halmesmäki, ‘Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma’ Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Vol. 82, No. 3, pp. 201-8, March 2003
18 Tara Moss,’ Birth is no time for war stories’, Sydney Morning Herald, 23 June 2012
19 S S Adams, M Erberhard-Gran and A Eskild, ‘Fear of childbirth and duration of labour: a study of 2206 women with Intended vaginal delivery’, BJOG (British Journal of Gynaecology), Vol. 119, No. 10, pp. 1238-46, September 2012
20 K Stoll, W Hall, P Janssen and E Carty, ‘Why are young Canadians afraid of birth? A survey study of childbirth fear and birth preferences among Canadian University students’, Midwifery, Vol. 30, No 2, pp. 220-6, February 2014
21 ‘Rep. Terry England compares women to cows, pigs and chickens’, Vimeo video, posted by Bryan Long, 2012
22 Jane Caro, ‘The truth is abortions are normal’, Women’s Agenda, 14 November 2013
23 www.essentialbaby.com.au/pregnancy/due-date-calculator
24 Tracey Spicer, ‘No-one ‘Wants’ To Have An Abortion’, The Hoopla, 13 November 2013
25 Katie McDonough, ‘Women in El Salvador are being sent to prison for miscarrying’, Salon, 19 October 2013
26 www.advocatesforpregnantwomen.org/
27 Ed Pilkington, ‘Outcry in America as pregnant women who lose babies face murder charges’, The Guardian UK, 25 June 2011
28 Henry McDonald, ‘Savita Halappanavar died due to medical misadventure, inquest finds’, The Guardian UK, 20 April 2013
29 Dr Leslie Cannold, ‘The questionable ethics of unregulated conscientious refusal’, abc.net.au, 25 March 2011
30 Germaine Greer, Sex and Destiny: The Politics of Human Fertility, Harper Colophon Books, 1984, p. 248
31 www.unicef.org.au/Media/Media-Releases/July-2013-(1)/UNICEF-applauds-Australian-first-in-child-and-fami.aspx
32 Ferguson, Ann and Mechtild Nagel (eds) (2009), Dancing with Iris: The Philosophy of Iris Marion Young, Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, p. 44
33 Tara Moss, ‘Geeks, not all breast exposure is naughty’, Essential Baby, 9 February 2012
Chapter 15: Playing Mothers and Fathers
1 Margaret Mead, quoted in International Federation of Women Lawyers, ‘La Abogada’, Vol. 3, 1967, p. 5
2 In the USA women comprise roughly 50% of the workforce. In Australia women comprise 45.7% of all employees. (Workplace Gender Equality Agency (2013), ‘Gender workplace statistics at a glance’, WGEA website
3 Shelley J Correll, Stephen Benard and In Paik, ‘Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?’, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 112, No. 5, March 2007, pp. 1297-1339
4 Steve Twedt, ‘Women end up on the spot when employers ask about plans for motherhood’, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 15 May 2009
5 State Library of South Australia, ‘Some significant dates in the history of women in South Australia’, Government of South Australia
6 Ann Crittenden, The Price of Motherhood: Why the most important job in the world is still the least valued, Metropolitan Books, February 2001
7 Sky News Australia, ‘Bob Hawke Interview – 06/09’ – www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t7OxT5gKUs
8 Jordan Baker, ‘Julie Bishop says women can’t have it all’, The Sunday Telegraph, 10 February 2013
9 Doyin Richards, ‘I Have a Dream: That People Will View a Picture Like This and Not Think It’s a Big Deal’, The Good Men Project, 6 January 2014
10 Jill Stark, ‘Dads army hopes to galvanise fathers with documentary’, The Sydney Morning Herald – Life & Style, 24 November 2013
11 Anne Summers, The Misogyny Factor, NewSouth Publishing, UNSW Press, NSW, 2013, p. 41
12 Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2006: Fathers’ Work and Family Balance’, 20 July 2006’
13 Workplace Gender Equality Agency with Dr Graeme Russell, ‘Engaging men in flexible working arrangements’, Perspective Paper, Australian Government, 2013
14 Converge International and Boston College Center for Work & Family, ‘The New Dad: A Study of Fathers from Australia: Executive Summary’, 2012
15 Dr Lindsay McMillan (Converge International), ‘Are men given enough time to be great fathers?: Best Father’s Day present? Flexibility’, The Sydney Morning Herald – Federal Politics, 2 September 2012
16 Oltermann, Philip, ‘German vice-chancellor takes time off to be a dad’, The Guardian UK, 6 January 2014
17 www.naeyc.org/content/what-research-says-gender-typed-toys
18 NPD Group – ‘The European Toy Market in 2011: Specially prepared for ICTI’, May 2012
19 Gwen Sharp, PhD, ‘Girls vs. Boys “Laptops”: Guess Which Does More?’, The Society Pages – Sociological Images, 28 November 2012
20 Lisa Wade, PhD, ‘Girls Need Less Power?’, The Society Pages – Sociological Images, 29 December 2009
Chapter 16: The Crone
1 It should be noted that 2014 was unusually balanced and diverse in Academy terms, as Cate Blanchett and Matthew McConaughey won the top gongs in 2014 and they are the same age (44 at the time of the awards), however best supporting actress winner, Lupita Nyong’o (31), was the approximate age of the previous best supporting actress Anne Hathaway (30) and more than a decade younger than the best supporting actor winner, Jared Leto (42)
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Best_Actress_winners_by_age; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Best_Actor_winners_by_age
3 Kyle Buchanan, ‘Leading Men Age, But Their Love Interests Don’t’, Vulture, 19 April 2013
4 www.aihw.gov.au/deaths/life-expectancy
5 Australian Human Rights Commission, ‘The gender gap in retirement savings, 2012
Chapter 17: The Feminist
1 Rebecca West, ‘Mr Chesterton in Hysterics: A Study in Prejudice’, Clarion, 14 November 1913, p. 5, reproduced at Marxists Internet Archive
2 ‘Robertson Letter Attacks Feminists’, New York Times (archive), 26 August 1992
3 Quadrant, 8 November 2012
4 www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/feminism?q=feminism
5 JewishEncylopedia.com (the unedited full-text of the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia), ‘Husband and Wife – Legal Relations’
6 Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power and Difference, McGraw-Hill, 2001, p. 90
7 Enough Rope with Andrew Denton, ‘Derryn Hinch’, Transcript, ABC-TV, 7 July 2003
8 Brian Klocke. ‘Roles of Men with Feminism and Feminist Theory’, National Organization for Men Against Sexism (NOMAS). 8 July 2013
9 Emer O’Toole, ‘Men – if you’re not a feminist, it’s fine, just move on’, The Guardian UK, 10 January
10 Ruby Hamad, ‘In the shadow of men’, The Drum, ABC News, 14 January 2014
11 Elizabeth Day (interviewer), ‘Susan Sarandon: ‘Feminism is a bit of an old-fashioned word’’, The Observer, 30 June 2013
12 Paul Kurtz and Edwin H Wilson, ‘Humanist Manifesto II’ American Humanist Association,
13 The term ‘sufragette’ is attributed by some to journalist Charles E. Hands from an article in the London Daily Mail
14 Harpers Bazaar, April 2014
15 Anne Summers, Damned Whores and God’s Police, Penguin Books, Melbourne, 1994, p. 398
18: The Next Chapter
1 bell hooks, Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black, South End Press, Boston, 1989, p. 27
2 Jenny Macklin, Paula Matthewson, Karen Pickering, Nareen Young and Jane Caro, ‘The panel: why is there only one woman in Tony Abbott’s cabinet?’ The Guardian, 16 September
3 Attributed to Margaret Mead in: Frank G. Sommers and Tana Dineen, Curing Nuclear Madness, Methuen, London, 1984, p.158