We will be reviewing the concepts that form the basis of American speech—intonation, word groups, the staircase, voice quality, and liaisons, as well as pronunciation. Let’s briefly review each item in order. This time around, there will be no explanation.
Review Exercise 1-1: Rubber Band Practice with Nonsense Syllables |
1.blah blah blah |
1.blah blah blah |
1.blah blah blah |
1.blah blah blah |
2.ding ding ding |
2.ding ding ding |
2.ding ding ding |
2.ding ding ding |
A |
B |
C |
D |
1.duh duh duh |
1.duh duh duh |
1.duh duh duh |
1.duh duh duh |
2.X Y Z |
2.unconcerned |
2.including |
2.educate |
3.8 9 10 |
3.He sells fish. |
3.He’s selfish. |
3.Softball game |
4.Cows give milk. |
4.We like Bob. |
4.I think so. |
4.Bring me some. |
Review Exercise 1-2: Noun Intonation |
1.Cats eat fish.
2.Boys like toys.
3.Lou lost his mind.
4.Gail earned a fortune.
5.Betty grows tomatoes.
6.Ed found a job.
7.Max cut his finger.
8.Mary flew a kite.
9.Rick passed the test.
10.Our car lost a wheel.
Review Exercise 1-3: Noun and Pronoun Intonation |
1.Patrick speaks French. |
1.He speaks it. |
2.The neighbors sold their car. |
2.They sold it. |
3.The police chased the felon. |
3.They chased him. |
4.The housekeeper did some laundry. |
4.She did some. |
5.The architect and I designed a house. |
5.We designed one. |
Review Exercise 1-4: Sentence Intonation Test |
1.They took it.
2.Mary had a baby.
3.Louis talked on the phone.
4.We forgot about it.
5.She had one.
6.Sam called him.
7.The dogs howled at the moon.
8.Did you order any?
9.We noticed her.
10.The books fell on the floor.
Review Exercise 1-6: Pitch and Meaning Change |
1.He looks like Bob.
2.He looks like Bob, but he’s not.
3.He knows Bob, but he doesn’t trust him.
4.He can’t trust him. He can’t do it.
Review Exercise 1-7: Individual Practice |
1.Convey the information that it is Bob. 
2.Convey the opinion that he only resembles Bob.
3.Convey the different feelings that someone has about Bob.
4.Convey the fact that trust is a problem with Bob.
Review Exercise 1-8: Meaning of “Pretty,” “Sort of,” “Kind of,” and “Little” |
Question: |
How was it? |
|
Answer: |
1. |
It was pretty expensive. It was pretty expensive. |
|
2. |
It was sort of funny. It was sort of funny. |
|
3. |
It was kind of rude. It was kind of rude. |
|
4. |
It was a little late. It was a little late. |
Review Exercise 1-9: Inflection |
1.Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers, but mine does.
2.Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers, but her sisters always do.
3.Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers, but every once in a while he does.
4.Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers, no matter what!
5.Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers, but he planted a lot in her garden.
6.Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers, but he never forgets Mother’s Day!
7.Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers, but he showers her with other gifts.
Review Exercise 1-10: Individual Practice |
1.Indicate that her boyfriend prefers live plants to cut ones. (5)
2.Indicate that her sisters are attentive to her horticultural needs. (2)
3.Indicate that her boyfriend gives her non-floral presents. (7)
4.Indicate that my boyfriend is good in the flower department. (1)
5.Indicate that it is a true rarity for her boyfriend to send flowers. (4)
6.Indicate that there is actually a slim chance that he might send flowers. (3)
7.Indicate that her boyfriend remembers to send flowers to his mother. (6)
Review Exercise 1-11: Translation |
Translate Her boyfriend almost never sends her flowers into your native language.
Review Exercise 1-12: Create Your Own Intonation Contrast |
Normal intonation _____________________________________
Changed intonation _____________________________________
Review Exercise 1-13: Variable Stress |
1.How do you know?
2.How do you know?
3.How do you know?
4.How do you know?
Review Exercise 1-14: Make a Variable Stress Sentence |
1. ______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________
Review Exercise 1-15: Application of Stress |
Think the United Auto Workers can beat Caterpillar Inc. in their bitter contract battle? Before placing your bets, talk to Paul Branan, who can’t wait to cross the picket line at Caterpillar’s factory in East Peoria. Branan, recently laid off by a rubber-parts plant where he earned base pay of $6.30 an hour, lives one block from a heavily picketed gate at the Cat complex. Now he’s applying to replace one of 12,600 workers who have been on strike for the past five months. “Seventeen dollars an hour and they don’t want to work?” asks Branan. “I don’t want to take another guy’s job, but I’m hurting, too.”
Review Exercise 1-17: Staircase Intonation Practice |
On a separate piece of paper, draw a staircase and put each word where it belongs.
Review Exercise 1-18: Reading with Staircase Intonation |
Think the United Auto Workers can beat Caterpillar Inc. in their bitter contract battle? Before placing your bets, talk to Paul Branan, who can’t wait to cross the picket line at Caterpillar’s factory in East Peoria. Branan, recently laid off by a rubber-parts plant where he earned base pay of $6.30 an hour, lives one block from a heavily picketed gate at the Cat complex. Now he’s applying to replace one of 12,600 workers who have been on strike for the past five months. “Seventeen dollars an hour and they don’t want to work?” asks Branan. “I don’t want to take another guy’s job, but I’m hurting, too.”
Review Exercise 1-19: Spelling and Numbers |
CEO |
See Eee Oh |
Catch |
See Ei Tee See Aitch |
ATM |
Ei Tee Em |
Nate |
En Ei Tee Eee |
IRS |
Ai Are Ess |
|
|
BMW |
Bee Em Dubbayou |
Area Code |
213 |
JFK |
Jay Eff Kay |
Zip Code |
90291 |
M&M |
emanem |
Date |
9/15/88 |
Review Exercise 1-20: Sound/Meaning Shifts |
icy |
I see. |
attic |
a tick |
achy |
a key |
comedy |
committee |
history |
his tree |
paradise |
pair of dice |
interest |
in trust |
selfish |
sell fish |
orange |
arrange |
underwear |
under where? |
eunuch |
unique |
ambulance |
unbalanced |
Review Exercise 1-21: Squeezed-Out Syllables |
actually |
æk•chully |
finally |
fine•lee |
business |
biz•ness |
general |
gen•r’l |
comfortable |
c’mf•t’b’l |
interest |
in•tr’st |
different |
dif•r’nt |
natural |
næch•r’l |
every |
ev•ree |
orange |
ornj |
favorite |
fa•vr’t |
probably |
prä•blee |
family |
fæm•lee |
separate |
sep•r’t |
vegetable |
vej•t’b’l |
several |
sev•r’l |
Review Exercise 1-22: Syllable Patterns |
1. |
la! |
la-a . . . |
|
|
|
cat |
dog |
|
|
2. |
la-la |
la-la |
|
|
|
a dog |
hot dog |
|
|
3. |
la-la-la |
la-la-la |
la-la-la |
la-la-la |
|
Bob’s hot dog |
a hot dog |
a hot dog |
hot dog stand |
4. |
la-la-la-la |
la-la-la-la |
la-la-la-la |
|
|
Spot’s a hot dog. |
It’s a hot dog. |
Bob likes hot dogs. |
|
|
la-la-la-la |
la-la-la-la |
la-la-la-la |
|
|
It’s my hot dog. |
a hot dog stand |
lighthouse keeper |
|
Review Exercise 1-23: Syllable Count Test |
1.confront |
____ |
2.detail |
____ |
3.a blind date |
____ |
4.my date book |
____ |
5.consequence |
____ |
6.consequential |
____ |
7.Will needs a car. |
____ |
8.He likes red ones. |
____ |
9.He bought me one. |
____ |
10.It’s very nice. |
____ |
11.Jim likes hot rods. |
____ |
12.lake |
____ |
13.days |
____ |
14.It’s your birthday? |
____ |
15.European |
____ |
16.with dignity |
____ |
17.popcorn machine |
____ |
18.a mortarboard |
____ |
19.robin redbreast |
____ |
20.telescope |
____ |
21.telescopic |
____ |
Review Exercise 1-24: Single-Word Phrases |
|
Noun |
Adjective |
1. |
It’s a cat. |
It’s black. |
2. |
It’s an egg. |
It’s scrambled. |
3. |
It’s a car. |
It’s fast. |
Review Exercise 1-25: Sentence Stress with Descriptive Phrases |
|
Adjective |
Noun and Adjective |
1. |
It’s black. |
It’s a black cat. |
2. |
It’s scrambled. |
It’s a scrambled egg. |
3. |
It’s fast. |
It’s a fast car. |
Review Exercise 1-26: Two Types of Descriptive Phrases |
|
Adjective/Noun |
Adverb/Adjective |
1. |
It’s a black cat. |
It’s dark black. |
2. |
It’s a scrambled egg. |
It’s totally scrambled. |
3. |
It’s a fast car. |
It’s too fast. |
Review Exercise 1-27: Descriptive Phrase Story—Snow White & the Seven Dwarves |
Snow White was a beautiful princess. On the castle wall, there was an enchanted mirror owned by an old woman—a wicked witch! “Mirror, mirror, on the wall, who’s the fairest of them all?” When the mirror answered, “Snow White,” the young girl was banished from her glorious castle to live in the dark woods. She met seven dwarves, and they lived in a small hut. The evil witch tried to kill the poor girl with a poisoned apple, but she was saved by a handsome prince. They had a beautiful wedding and lived happily ever after.
Review Exercise 1-28: Sentence Stress with Set Phrases |
|
Noun |
Noun/Adjective |
Set Phrase |
1. |
It’s a cat. |
It’s wild. |
It’s a wildcat. |
2. |
It’s an egg. |
It’s a timer. |
It’s an egg timer. |
3. |
It’s a car. |
It’s a crash. |
It’s a car crash. |
Review Exercise 1-29: Making Set Phrases |
Make your own set phrases.
Review Exercise 1-30: Set Phrase Story—Our Mailman |
Our mailman loves junk food. At dinnertime, he has potato chips and a hot dog. He puts some soy sauce on his eggplant, but it gives him a stomachache. For dessert, he has a watermelon, a grapefruit, and some ice cream. Afterward, he leaves the dinner table and goes to the bookshelf in his bedroom. He takes down a notebook and does his homework. He puts a clean pillowcase on his pillow, covers up with the bedspread, and goes to dreamland.
Review Exercise 1-31: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases |
|
Descriptive Phrase |
Set Phrase |
1. |
It’s a black cat. |
It’s a wildcat. |
2. |
It’s a scrambled egg. |
It’s an egg timer. |
3. |
It’s a fast car. |
It’s a car crash. |
Review Exercise 1-32: Two-Word Stress |
|
Descriptive Phrase |
Set Phrase |
1. |
a rocky garden |
a rock garden |
2. |
a gilded cage |
a bird cage |
3. |
melted butter |
a butter knife |
4. |
tomato soup |
tomato sauce |
5. |
a baby goat |
a scapegoat |
Review Exercise 1-33: Nationality Intonation Quiz |
1.a French guy
2.a French restaurant
3.French food
4.a french fry
5.french toast
6.a french horn
7.French-Canadian
8.a French teacher
9.a french door
Review Exercise 1-34: Contrasting Descriptive and Set Phrases |
|
Set Phrase |
Descriptive Phrase |
1. |
A French teacher . . . |
A French teacher . . . |
|
. . . teaches French. |
. . . is from France. |
2. |
A French book . . . |
A French book . . . is on any subject, |
|
. . . teaches the French language. |
but it came from France. |
3. |
French food . . . |
A French restaurant . . . |
|
. . . is croissants for breakfast. |
. . . serves croissants for breakfast. |
Review Exercise 1-35: Contrast of Compound Nouns |
1.a dark room
2.a darkroom
3.an antique shop
4.an antique dealer
5.an antique chair
6.a new video
7.the video store
8.a coffee table
9.hot coffee
10.a coffeepot
11.a chemistry set
12.a chemical reaction
13.a sixth sense
14.six cents
15.a sixth grader
16.the sixth grade
17.long hair
18.a hairdresser
19.a haircut
20.the wrong station
21.a police station
22.a radio station
23.orange juice
24.a guitar case
25.an electric guitar
26.trick photography
27.a photo-op
28.a wedding ceremony
29.a beautiful ceremony
30.a wedding cake
Review Exercise 1-36: Description and Set Phrase Test |
1.The schoolkids took the subway downtown for their field trip on urban living.
2.Our local sheriff had a bumper sticker on his back bumper.
3.The homeowners thought they had to pay property taxes to the federal government.
4.There were small tremblers after the earthquake in San Francisco.
5.The Geology Club went on a camping trip to Mount Hood.
6.The award ceremony at the Hilton Hotel lasted for two hours.
7.Bob Smith took his surfboard out on a stormy day near Diamond Head.
8.The boy scouts pitched their pup tents on the mountaintop in the pouring rain.
9.It’s a little late to ask the babysitter to stay overnight.
10.The sixth graders were reading comic books and drinking chocolate milk.
Review Exercise 1-38: Consistent Noun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses |
erode |
1.The floods erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
eroded |
2.The floods eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
are eroding |
3.The floods’re eroding the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zr•rәrouding th’ mæon(t)nz |
will erode |
4.The floods’ll erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәlәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
would erode |
5.The floods’d erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
would have eroded |
6.The floods’d’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәdәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
that have eroded |
7.The floods that’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәdәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
have eroded |
8.The floods’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
had eroded |
9.The floods’d eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәdәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
will have eroded |
10.The floods’ll’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zәlәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
ought to erode |
11.The floods ought to erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’d zädә eeroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
should erode |
12.The floods should erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz shüdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
should not erode |
13.The floods shouldn’t erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz shüdn•nәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
should’ve eroded |
14.The floods should’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz shüdәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
should not have |
15.The floods shouldn’t’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz shüdn•nәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
could erode |
16.The floods could erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz cüdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
could not erode |
17.The floods couldn’t erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz cüdn•nәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
could have eroded |
18.The floods could’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz cüdәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
could not have |
19.The floods couldn’t’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz cüdn•nәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
might erode |
20.The floods might erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz mydәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
might have |
21.The floods might’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz mydәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
must erode |
22.The floods must erode the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz mәsdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
must have |
23.The floods must’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ fl’dz mәsdәvәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz |
can erode |
24.The floods can erode the mountains. |
the fl’dz kәnәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
can’t erode |
25.The floods can’t erode the mountains. |
the fl’dz kæn(d)әroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
Review Exercise 1-39: Consistent Pronoun Stress in Changing Verb Tenses |
present |
1.It erodes them. |
idәroudz’m |
past |
2.It eroded them. |
idәroud’d’m |
continuous |
3.It’s eroding them. |
itsәrouding’m |
future |
4.It’ll erode them if it keeps up. |
idәlәroud’m |
present conditional |
5.It’d erode them if it kept up. |
idәroud’m |
past conditional |
6.It’d’ve eroded them if it’d kept up. |
idәvәroud’d’m |
relative pronoun |
7.The one that’s eroded them is quite odd. |
the wәnthәtsәroud’d’m (is . . .). |
present perfect |
8.It’s eroded them for eons. |
itsәroud’d’m |
past perfect |
9.It’d eroded them before the last ice age. |
idәroud’d’m |
future perfect |
10.It’ll’ve eroded them by the end of the millennium. |
idәlәvәroud’d’m |
obligation |
11.It ought to erode them. |
idädә eeroud’m |
obligation |
12.It should erode them. |
it sh’dәroud’m |
obligation |
13.It shouldn’t erode them. |
it sh’dn•nәroud’m |
obligation |
14.It should have eroded them. |
it sh’dәvәroud’d’m |
obligation |
15.It shouldn’t’ve eroded them. |
it sh’dn•nәvәroud’d’m |
possibility/ability |
16.It could erode them. |
it c’dәroud’m |
possibility/ability |
17.It couldn’t erode them. |
it c’dn•nәroud’m |
possibility/ability |
18.It could have eroded them. |
it c’dәvәroud’d’m |
possibility/ability |
19.It couldn’t have eroded them. |
it c’dn•nәvәroud’d’m |
possibility |
20.It might erode them. |
it mydәroud’m |
possibility |
21.It might have eroded them. |
it mydәvәroud’d’m |
probability |
22.It must erode them. |
it mәss dәroud’m |
probability |
23.It must have eroded them. |
it mәsdәvәroud’d’m |
ability |
24.It can erode them. |
it c’nәroud’m |
ability |
25.It can’t erode them. |
it cæn(d)әroud’m |
Review Exercise 1-40: Intonation in Your Own Sentence |
On a separate piece of paper, write the Review Exercise.
Review Exercise 1-41: Supporting Words |
1.The floods erode the mountains every day.
th’ flәd zәroud th’ mæon(t)n zεvree day
2.The floods eroded th’ mountains for centuries.
th’ flәd zәroudәd th’ mæon(t)nz fr sen chr•reez
3.The floods’re eroding the mountains right now.
th’ flәd zr•r’rouding th’ mæon(t)nz räit næo
4.The floods’ll erode th’ mountains if this keeps up.
th’ flәd zәlәroud th’ mæon(t)nz if this keep sәp
5.The floods’d erode the mountains if this kept up.
th’ flәd zәdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz if this kepdәp
6.The floods’d’ve eroded th’ mountains if it’d kept up.
th’ flәd zәdәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz if id kepdәp
7.The floods that’ve eroded the mountains are over.
th’ flәd zәdәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)n zr•rovr
8.The floods’ve eroded the mountains over the years.
th’ flәd zәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)n zovr th’ yirz
9.The floods’d already eroded the mountains before the last ice age.
th’ flәd zәdäreddy әroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz b’for
th’ læssdice age
10.The floods’ll’ve totally eroded th’ mountains by
the next ice age.
th’ flәd zәlәv toudәlee(y)әroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz by th’ nex dysage
Review Exercise 1-42: Contrast Practice |
would erode |
5.The floods’d erode the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
had eroded |
9.The floods’d eroded the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz |
would have eroded |
6.The floods’d’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz |
that have eroded |
7.The floods that’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz |
will erode |
4.The floods’ll erode the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәlәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
would erode |
5.The floods’d erode the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
would have eroded |
6.The floods’d’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz |
have eroded |
8.The floods’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz |
had eroded |
9.The floods’d eroded the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz |
will have eroded |
10.The floods’ll’ve eroded the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәlәvәroud’d th’ mæon(t)nz |
would erode |
5.The floods’d erode the mountains. |
th’ flәd zәdәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
ought to erode |
11.The floods ought to erode the mountains. |
th’ flәd zädә eeroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
can erode |
24.The floods can erode the mountains. |
the flәdz c’nәroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
can’t erode |
25.The floods can’t erode the mountains. |
the flәdz cæn(d)әroud th’ mæon(t)nz |
Review Exercise 1-43: Yes, You Can or No, You Can’t? |
I can tell you. |
I k’n tell you |
positive |
I can’t tell you. |
I kæn(t)tell you |
negative |
I can tell you. |
I kææn tell you |
extra positive |
I can’t tell you. |
I kæn(t)tell you |
extra negative |
Review Exercise 1-44: Building an Intonation Sentence |
I saw him. 
I saw him again. I saw him at work again. I think I saw him at work again. I really think I saw him at work again. I really think I saw him at work again in the yard. I really think I saw him at work again in the yard behind the house.
Review Exercise 1-45: Building Your Own intonation Sentences |
On a separate piece of paper, build up your own sentences.
Review Exercise 1-46: Regular Transitions of Nouns and Verbs |
Nouns |
|
Verbs |
|
an accent |
æks’nt |
to accent |
æksεnt |
a contract |
käntræct |
to contract |
k’ntrækt |
an insert |
insert |
to insert |
insert |
an object |
äbjekt |
to object |
әbjεct |
progress |
prägr’s |
to progress |
pr’gress |
Review Exercise 1-47: Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs |
Nouns/Adjectives |
Verbs |
||
alternate |
ältern’t |
to alternate |
älternεit |
estimate |
est’m’t |
to estimate |
est’mεit |
separate |
sepr’t |
to separate |
seperεit |
Review Exercise 1-48: Regular Transitions of Adjectives and Verbs |
1.Would you please alternate seats with the other alternate?
2.They signed a contract in order to contract their services.
3.Who could object to progress?
4.The unidentified flying object progressed slowly across the night sky.
5.We need a written estimate in order to estimate the payment.
Review Exercise 1-51: Extended Listening Practice |
1. __________________________________________________________.
2. __________________________________________________________.
3. __________________________________________________________.
Review Exercise 1-53: Reduced Sounds |
To |
Looks Like . . . |
Sounds Like . . . |
unvoiced |
The president hoped to veto the bill. |
th’ prezәdnt houptә veetou th’ bill |
|
Deposit it to my account, please. |
d’päz’di(t)t’ myә kæon(t), pleez |
voiced |
Their boss told them to wait. |
thεr bäss toldәmdә wεit |
|
The coach showed us how to pitch. |
the coch showdәs hæodә pitch |
At |
Everyone stared at the mess. |
everyone stεrdә(t)th’ mess |
unvoiced |
Stay at my house for a while. |
stayә(t) my hæos frә while |
voiced |
Jim looked at his watch impatiently. |
jim lük d’diz wätchim pεish’ntlee |
|
He’s at his brother’s. |
heez’diz brәthrz |
It |
They said it took too long. |
they sedi(t)tük too läng |
unvoiced |
Do you think it turned out? |
dyu thing kit turn dæot |
voiced |
Let’s keep it in perspective. |
lets keepidin perspekd’v |
|
Can we keep it for another day? |
kwee keepi(t) frә n’ther day |
For |
This’ll do for now. |
thissәl du fr næo |
|
The students all worked for hours. |
th’ studn tsäll wrkt frhæwrz |
From |
We learned it from the coach. |
we lrn di(t) frm th’ coch |
|
The tourists came from all over. |
the trorists came frәmällovr |
In |
We made it just in time. |
we meidit jәsdin time |
|
The place was in an uproar. |
th’ pleiswәzinәnәp roar |
An |
It was an odd remark. |
it wәzәnäd rәmärk |
|
He’s an open book to me. |
heezә noupәn bük tә me |
And |
Everyone sat and chatted for a while. |
evreewәn sæ(t)n chædәd frә wyәl |
|
It was getting later and later. |
it w’z gedding leidr’n leidr |
Or |
We had two or three options. |
we hæd tu(w)r three(y)äpsh’nz |
|
No one could see or hear anything. |
nou w’n küd see(y)r hirenny thing |
Are |
The neighbors are complaining again. |
th’ neibrzr k’mplay ningә gen |
|
Whose shoes are these? |
hooz shoozr theez |
Your |
The door’s on your left. |
th’ door zänyr left |
|
Are you on your way yet? |
är yu(w)änyr way yet |
One |
There’s another one later. |
therzә nәthr w’n leidr |
|
One of them is outside. |
w’n’v’m’z æo(t)side |
The |
The other one’s in here. |
thee(y)әthr w’n zin hir |
|
Did he pass the test? |
didee pæss th’ test |
A |
Let’s take a cab. |
lets teikә cæb |
|
What’s the tallest building in America? |
wts th’ täll’st bilding inәmerәkә |
Of |
Would you like a piece of pie? |
Jläikә peesә pie |
|
They’ll be gone for a couple of weeks. |
thell be gän frә couplә weeks |
Can |
Do you think you can do it? |
dyu thing kyu k’n du(w)’t |
|
Can you believe it?! |
k’new b’leevit |
Had |
We think he’d never done it before. |
we thing keed never dәnit b’for |
|
They’d always done it that way. |
they däweez dәnit thæt way |
Would |
Why would he tell her? |
wy woody teller |
|
I don’t know if he’d agree. |
äi dou nou if heedә gree |
Was |
Who was on the phone? |
hoo w’zän th’ foun |
|
The drummer was off beat. |
th’ drәmr w’zäf beet |
What |
Let’s see what he wants. |
let see wәdee wänts |
|
Who knows what it is? |
hoo nouz w’d’d’z |
Some |
Some of it got in my eyes. |
s’m’v’t gädin my äiz |
|
Somebody took my place. |
s’mb’dee tük my pleis |
Review Exercise 1-54: Intonation and Pronunciation of “That” |
Relative Pronoun |
The grapes that he bought were sweet. |
th’ greips the dee bät wr sweet |
Conjunction |
We hope that you’ll be there. |
we houp the chüll bee there |
Demonstrative |
Don’t do that! |
doun(t)du thæt |
Combination |
I know that you’ll like that car that you bought. |
äi nou the chüll like thæt cär the chew bät |
Review Exercise 1-55: Crossing Out Reduced Sounds |
Think the United Auto Workers can beat Caterpillar Inc. in their bitter contract battle? Before placing your bets, talk to Paul Branan, who can’t wait to cross the picket line at Caterpillar’s factory in East Peoria. Branan, recently laid off by a rubber-parts plant where he earned base pay of $6.30 an hour, lives one block from a heavily picketed gate at the Cat complex. Now he’s applying to replace one of 12,600 workers who have been on strike for the past five months. “Seventeen dollars an hour and they don’t want to work?” asks Branan. “I don’t want to take another guy’s job, but I’m hurting, too.”
Review Exercise 1-56: Reading Reduced Sounds |
Th’nk th’ Unit’d Auto Wrkrs c’n beat Cat’pill’r Inc. ‘n their b’tter contract battle? B’fore plac’ng y’r bets, talk t’ Paul Bran’n, who can’t wait t’ cross th’ p’cket line ‘t Cat’pill’r’s factry ‘n East Peoria. Bran’n, rec’ntly laid off by’ r’bb’r-parts plant where he ‘rned base pay’v $6.30’n hour, l’ves w’n block fr’m’ heav’ly p’ck’t’d gate ‘t th’ Cat complex. Now hes ‘pplying t’ r’place w’n’v 12,600 wrkrs who h’ve b’n on strike f’r th’ past five m’nths. “Sev’nteen doll’rs ‘n hour ‘nd they dont want t’ work?” asks Bran’n. “I dont want t’ take ‘n’ther guys job, b’t I’m h’rting, too.”
Review Exercise 1-57: Phrasing |
Statement |
Birds lay eggs. |
Clauses |
As we all know, birds lay eggs. |
Listing |
Birds lay eggs, build nests, and hunt for food. |
Question |
Do birds lay eggs? |
Repeated Question |
Do birds lay eggs?!! |
Tag Question |
Birds lay eggs, don’t they? |
Tag Statement |
Birds lay eggs, DON’T they! |
Indirect Speech |
He asked if birds laid eggs. |
Direct Speech |
“Do birds lay eggs?” they inquired. |
Review Exercise 1-60: Tag Endings |
1.There’s none left. Is there!
2.That was fun, _____ !
3.You don’t have a clue, _____ !
4.He wouldn’t forget, _____ ?
5.They can do it over, _____ ?
6.She had to do it, _____ ?
7.She’d rather do it, _____ ?
8.She’d better do it,_____ !
9.She’d never do it,_____ ?
10.She’d never done it, _____ ?
Review Exercise 2-1: Spelling and Pronunciation |
Buddy. |
Buddy forgot. |
He said OK, buddy forgot. |
He said OK, but he forgot. |
Review Exercise 2-4: Consonant / Vowel Liaison Practice |
1.I think he’s on his way. __________________________
2.He put it in an umbrella stand. _________________________
3.We bought it in Italy. ______________________________
Review Exercise 2-8: Consonant / Consonant Liaison Practice |
1.Nick Clark hopes to put ten dollars down. ______________________________
2.But Tom makes so much juice. _________________________
3.Bob’s dog got some bones. _________________________
Review Exercise 2-9: Vowel / Vowel Liaison Practice |
1.Can you see it through to the end? _________________________
2.Be available for the other opportunity in my office. _________________________
3.He always wants to offer to go over it again. _________________________
Review Exercise 2-11: T, D, S, or Z + Y Liaison Practice |
1.We’re glad that your homework’s done. _________________________
2.Would you help me with this? _________________________
3.Do you miss your old friends? _________________________
4.Where’s your brother? _________________________
Review Exercise 2-12: Finding Liaisons and Glides |
Think the United Auto Workers can beat Caterpillar Inc. in their bitter contract battle? Before placing your bets, talk to Paul Branan, who can’t wait to cross the picket line at Caterpillar’s factory in East Peoria. Branan, recently laid off by a rubber-parts plant where he earned base pay of $6.30 an hour, lives one block from a heavily picketed gate at the Cat complex. Now he’s applying to replace one of 12,600 workers who have been on strike for the past five months. “Seventeen dollars an hour and they don’t want to work?” asks Branan. “I don’t want to take another guy’s job, but I’m hurting, too.”
Review Exercise 2-13: Practicing Liaisons |
Think the(y)Unite däuto Workers can beat Caterpillr rinc. in their bitter contract battle? Before placing your bets, talk to Paul Branan, who can’t wait to cross the picket ly n’t Caterpillar’s factree yineest Pe(y)ori(y)a. Branan, recently lay däff bya rubber-parts plant wheree(y)earned base pay’v siks thirdy (y)a næ(w)er, live zw’n block froma heavily picketed gate a(t)the Cat complex. Nowee zapplying to replace w’n’v twelv thæoz’n siks hundred workers who(w)v binän strike for the past five months. “Seventeen dollar sa næ(w)er and they don’t want to work?” asks Branan. “I don’t wan(t) to take another guy’s job, b’dime hurting, too.”
Review Exercise 3-1: Word-by-Word and in a Sentence |
Review Exercise 3-3: Vowel-Sound Differentiation |
Review Exercise 3-4: Finding the æ, ä, ә Sounds |
Think thә United äuto Workers can beat Cæterpillar Inc. in their bitter contract battle? Before placing your bets, talk to Paul Branan, who can’t wait to cross the picket line at Caterpillar’s factory in East Peoria. Branan, recently laid off by a rubber-parts plant where he earned base pay of $6.30 an hour, lives one block from a heavily picketed gate at the Cat complex. Now he’s applying to replace one of 12,600 workers who have been on strike for the past five months. “Seventeen dollars an hour and they don’t want to work?” asks Branan. “I don’t want to take another guy’s job, but I’m hurting, too.”
Review Exercise 3-5: Reading the æ Sound |
Fæst Dæncing Næncy
We plan to have a dance on the last Saturday in January. It’s the last chance for a dance. We practice at a dance class with Max and Nancy. Max dances fast, but Nancy dances best. We are happy about the dance, but Max is sad that Sally can’t dance. Her ankle is in a cast!
Review Exercise 3-6: Reading the ä Sound |
Päul’s Täll Däughter
Tom watches Paul’s tall daughter play softball and volleyball. Paul’s daughter is called Molly. Molly starts playing softball in March and ends in August. She plays volleyball in October. Tom is Molly’s godfather. They have a lot in common. Tom bought Molly a ball. When Molly saw the ball, she tossed it in the air. “Thanks a lot, Tom!”
Review Exercise 3-7: Reading the ә Sound |
S’nday ‘n M’nday
Monday is such a wonderful day. But Sunday is much more wonderful than Monday! We have so much fun on Sunday, and we must run on Monday. What trouble . . . Doug must run on Sunday and Monday. Doug has no fun.
Review Exercise 4-1: Stressed and Unstressed T |
paternal |
pattern |
critique |
critic |
Review Exercise 4-3: Rule 1—Top of the Staircase |
1.Tell Tina’s tailor to take two tucks in the top of Tim’s trousers tomorrow.
2.We try and try, but Todd still tells us to try harder.
3.Terry had a tingling in her toes until the doctor took her temperature.
Review Exercise 4-4: Rule 2—Middle of the Staircase |
1. |
What a totally naughty little daughter! |
wәdә toudәlee nädee liddle dädr |
2. |
Matty got a little cottage in the city. |
mædee gädә liddle cäd’j in th’ siddee |
3. |
Letty bought a lot of bottles for Katie. |
lεdee bädә lädә bädlz fr keidee |
Review Exercise 4-5: Rule 3—Bottom of the Staircase |
1. |
Matt got to put Jim’s pet rat back in the cage. |
mæ(t)gä(t)t’ pü(t) jimz pe(t)ræ(t)bæck in th’ keij |
2. |
Pat set the date with Kate. |
pæ(t)se(t)th’ dei(t)with kei(t) |
3. |
It’s not what they went for. |
its nä(t)wә(t) they wen(t) for |
Review Exercise 4-6: Rule 4—“Held T” Before N |
1. |
Whitney saw lightning on the mountain. |
wi(t)nee sä li(t)ning än the mæon(t)n |
2. |
He was certainly a frightening accountant. |
he w’z sr(t)nlee(y)әfri(t)ning әkæon(t)n(t) |
3. |
That was a rotten way to shorten the curtain! |
thæt w’z’rä(t)n weid’ shor(t)n th’ kr(t)n |
Review Exercise 4-7: Rule 5—The Silent T |
1. |
We had twenty interviews on May 22. |
we hæd twenny innerviewzän may twenny sek’nt |
2. |
They don’t even want a percentage. |
they doe neev’n wänә prsen’j |
3. |
We took advantage of the interruption. |
we tükәd væn’j’v the(y)innerәpshәn |
Review Exercise 4-10: T Combinations in Context |
1. |
But he said that it’s OK. |
bәdee sed thәdit sou kei |
2. |
It’s not what you want, but it’s what you get. |
its nät wәchew wänt, bәdits wәchew get |
3. |
What a way to get what he wants! |
wәdә weidә get wәdee wänts |
Review Exercise 4-11: Voiced and Unvoiced Sounds with T |
Review Exercise 5-2: Sounds Comparing L with T, D, and N |
Review Exercise 5-3: Final El with Schwa |
1.bill
bi-ә-lә
2.bull
bü-ә-lә
3.pool
pū-(w)ә-lә
4.bail
bay-(y)ә-lә
5.bell
bε-ә-lә
6.peel
pee-(y)ә-lә
7.Buell
byū-(w)ә-lә
8.pearl
pr-rә-lә
Review Exercise 5-4: Many Final Els |
1.bill
bi-әlll
2.bull
bü-әlll
3.pool
pū-(w)әlll
4.bail
bay-(y)әlll
5.bell
bε-әlll
6.peel
pee-(y)әlll
7.Buell
byū-(w)әlll
8.pearl
pr-iәlll
Review Exercise 5-5: Liaise the Ls |
1.call him |
cällim |
2.visible |
vizәbәlә |
Review Exercise 5-7: Silent Ls |
1. |
would |
could |
should |
2. |
chalk |
talk |
walk |
3. |
already |
always |
almost |
Review Exercise 5-8: Hold Your Tongue! |
Let Larry’s little lily leaves fall off.
Review Exercise 5-9: Bill and Ellie |
Bill still calls Ellie all the time. He’ll really be glad when she calls back, but it may be a while. He slowly dials the telephone for the twelfth time. Trill, trill, trill. No luck. Well, Ellie will feel ill when Bill is in the hospital. He might fall from the windowsill. “Ellie? Hello! Are you well?” Saved by the bell!
Review Exercise 5-11: Final L Practice |
Review Exercise 5-12: A Frontal Lobotomy? |
I’d rather have a frontal lobotomy than a bottle in front of me, chortled the gentle little man, or was it the little gentleman? But anyway, it’ll take a battle to test his mettle. What’ll he do to get a handle on the whole kit and caboodle? I don’t want to meddle, but what if he flies off the handle again? Out of luck, that’s what!
Review Exercise 5-13: Speed-reading |
Repeat the paragraph from Review Exercise 1-55 as quickly as possible.
Review Exercise 5-14: Tandem Reading |
Repeat the paragraph from Review Exercise 1-55 along with me.
Review Exercise 6-1: R Location Practice |
g, gr, Greg, grin, grand, gray, cray, care, core, corner, curl, girl, urban, her, earn, earth, world, were, word
Review Exercise 6-2: Double Vowel Sounds with R |
Review Exercise 6-3: How to Pronounce Troublesome Rs |
1.were |
wәroәr |
2.word |
wәroәrd |
3.world/whirled |
were rolled |
4.wore/war |
woәr |
5.where/wear wεәr |
|
Review Exercise 6-4: Zbignlew’s Epsilon List |
embarrass |
character |
any |
vocabulary |
said |
paragraph |
Paris |
necessary |
says |
parallel |
guarantee |
area |
Review Exercise 6-5: R Combinations |
|
әr |
är |
εr |
or |
eer |
æwr |
1. |
earn |
art |
air |
or |
ear |
hour |
2. |
hurt |
heart |
hair |
horse |
here |
how’re |
3. |
were |
far |
where |
wore |
we’re |
power |
Review Exercise 6-6: Roy the Rancher |
Roy’s car will arrive around three in the afternoon. Gary will rest before they ride around the ranch together in the Ford. Gary’s a grape grower in Northern California, and Roy’s a rancher in Southern California. They were friends in Paris at the Sorbonne for four years. Roy and Gary had an orange grove and an apple orchard in Barstow, but the oranges were horrible and the apple trees were worse. They roamed around Europe for several years until Gary’s marriage. He married Sarah in Bakersfield and had four children: Rachel, Rudy, Randy, and Harry. Harry was a fairly rude boy, and he created rather a lot of trouble between Gary and Sarah. Gary ordered Harry to shape up or forget working in the yard for extra money. Harry said he was sorry, and the group became friends again. After a long separation, Gary heard from his friend, Roy. Roy was driving through Fresno and wanted to get together with Gary’s family. Everyone gathered around the fireplace to wait for Gary’s old friend. Gary, Sarah, Rachel, Rudy, Randy, and Harry are sitting in a row near the garage. Roy’s car will arrive around three in the afternoon.
Review Exercise C: Modifying Descriptive Phrases |
|
Descriptive Phrase |
Modified Description |
1. |
It’s a black cat. |
It’s a dark black cat. |
2. |
It’s a scrambled egg. |
It’s a totally scrambled egg. |
3. |
It’s a fast car. |
It’s a really fast car. |
Review Exercise D: Modifying Set Phrases |
|
Set Phrase |
Modified Set Phrase |
1. |
It’s a wildcat. |
It’s a fierce wildcat. |
2. |
It’s an egg timer. |
It’s a plastic egg timer. |
3. |
It’s a car crash. |
It’s a catastrophic car crash. |
Review Exercise E: Two- and Three-Word Set Phrases |
|
Two-Word Set Phrase |
Three-Word Set Phrase |
1. |
It’s a wildcat. |
It’s a wildcat preserve. |
2. |
It’s an egg timer. |
It’s an egg timer bell. |
3. |
It’s a car crash. |
It’s a car crash report. |
Review Exercise F: Three-Word Phrase Summary |
|
Modified Description |
Modified Set Phrase |
Three-Word Set Phrase |
1. |
a dark black cat |
a fierce wildcat |
a wildcat preserve |
2. |
a totally scrambled egg |
a plastic egg timer |
an egg timer bell |
3. |
a really fast car |
a catastrophic car crash |
a car crash report |
Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases |
|
Modified Set Phrase |
Remodified Set Phrase |
1. |
It’s a fierce wildcat. |
It’s an astonishingly fierce wildcat. |
2. |
It’s a plastic egg timer. |
It’s an old plastic egg timer. |
3. |
It’s a catastrophic car crash. |
It’s a truly catastrophic car crash. |
Review Exercise J: Compound Intonation of Numbers |
1. |
How old is she? |
|
She’s thirteen. thirtéen |
|
She’s thirty. thírdy |
2. |
How long has it been? |
|
Thirteen years. |
|
Thirty years. |
3. |
How old is she? |
|
She’s thirteen years old. |
|
She’s thirty years old. |
Review Exercise K: Modifying Three-Word Set Phrases |
|
Three-Word Set Phrase |
Modified Three-Word Set Phrase |
1. |
It’s a wildcat preserve. |
It’s a new wildcat preserve. |
2. |
It’s an egg timer bell. |
It’s a loud egg timer bell. |
3. |
It’s a car crash report. |
It’s a graphic car crash report. |
Review Exercise L: Three-Word-Phrase Story—The Amazing Rock Soup |
A tired young hiker was striding through the thick, dark forest when he came upon a gnarled old crone standing before a small stone hut in a sunny little clearing. “My poor old stomach is really very empty,” he thought. “I hope this old landlady can spare a little food.” Sensing what he was about to say, she snapped, “No! I have barely enough for myself!” “My good woman,” he said, “On the contrary! I’d like to cook you a sumptuously rich dinner . . . of rock soup!” She was naturally very suspicious, but she let him in. He boiled some clear, fresh water, added three clean rocks, and hung the dented old kettle in the old fireplace. He tasted the mysterious liquid concoction. “This is truly delicious,” he declared, “but it would be so much better with just one little vegetable.” She begrudgingly gave him a small limp carrot and two dry onions. “Yum,” he said happily. “But if only . . .” Bit by bit, he cajoled the lonely housewife into making a savory stewpot. The two of them sat down, smiled at each other, and enjoyed a fabulous dinner together.
Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases |
1.It’s a house.
2.It’s old.
3.It’s really old.
4.It’s an old house.
5.It’s a really old house.
6.It’s a lighthouse.
7.It’s an old lighthouse.
8.It’s a really old lighthouse.
9.He’s a lighthouse keeper.?
10.He’s an old lighthouse keeper.
11.He’s a really old lighthouse keeper.
Review Exercise 7-1: The Thing |
This is the thing that they told them about this Thursday. This thing or that thing? This thing. Actually, there are two of them. Both of these things were with the three other things there in the theater. They’re worth three thousand dollars. Ruth and her mother think that they are worth more than that, though, unless they break, and then they are worthless. Altogether worthless to them. That would bother Ruth’s brother, mother, and father on their birthday, the thirtieth of this month. Ruth, Ethel, and Beth have a rule of thumb about birthdays, which is to stay together, through thick and thin, whether it’s worth it or not. And that’s the thing.
Noun Intonation Summary |
Rule 1: New Information
Noun | Verb | Noun—Bob studies English.Pronoun | Verb | Noun—He studies English.
Rule A: Descriptive Phrases
pretty good |
a good shot |
a pretty good shot |
really long |
a long talk |
really very long |
fairly rubbery |
a rubber hose |
a long rubber hose |
Rule B: Compound Nouns
a snapshot |
a snapshot collection |
a talkshow |
a talkshow host |
a rubber band |
a rubber band box |
a good snapshot |
a good snapshot collection |
a funny talkshow |
a funny talkshow host |
a cheap rubber band |
a cheap rubber band box |
a really good snapshot |
a really good snapshot collection |
a super funny talkshow |
a super funny talkshow host |
a very cheap rubber band |
a very cheap rubber band box |
Rule C: Descriptive Phrases with Sentence Balance
The Great Wall |
pretty good |
The Great Wall of China |
a pretty good shot |
seventeen |
fourteen |
seventeen dollars |
fourteen years |
seventeen dollars an hour |
fourteen years old |
seventeen dollars and ten cents an hour |
fourteen and a half years old |
Rule 2: Old Information
Pronoun | Verb | Pronoun—He studies it.Noun | Verb | Pronoun—Bob studies it.
Rule 3: Contrast
We need a red pen. (new information)We need a red pen. (not a blue one)
Rule 4: Opinion
I should go jogging. (new info)—I should go jogging . . . (opinion indicating the opposite)
pretty good (new info)—pretty good (just OK); I think so (confident)—I think so (not sure)
Rule 5: Negation (Can’t)
I can do it. |
I k’n do it |
(positive) I can do it. |
I kææn do it |
(extra positive) |
I can’t do it. |
I kæn(t)do it |
(negative) I can’t do it. |
I kæn(t)do it |
(extra negative) |
Review Exercise 8-1: Comparing u and ü |
u |
ü |
u |
ü |
soon |
book |
Luke |
look |
cooed |
could |
wooed |
would |
shoed |
should |
tool |
took |
Review Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels |
e |
i |
ü |
ә |
әr |
held |
hill |
hook |
hug |
her |
bet |
bit |
book |
but |
burn |
kept |
kiss |
could |
cut |
curt |
Review Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? |
Tense Vowels |
Lax Vowels |
||
beat |
bead |
bit |
bid |
seat |
seed |
sit |
Sid |
heat |
he’d |
hit |
hid |
Review Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Review Exercise |
Tense |
Lax |
|
1.even |
if |
Even if it’s raining, they’ll go. |
2.bean |
been |
We’ve been growing beans. |
3.deal |
dill |
You made a deal for dill pickles. |
Review Exercise 8-6: Middle “I” List |
similar |
typical |
president |
episode |
beautiful |
ability |
animal |
chemistry |
experiment |
security |
technical |
monitor |
Review Exercise 8-10: ü Paragraph |
You could’ve pushed, you could’ve pulled. You should’ve pushed and pulled, by hook or by crook, to take a good look at that book. It stood a full foot tall, propped up on the cushion at the Book Nook. Now, I’m all shook up, sugar!
Review Exercise 8-11: u Paragraph |
As a rule, you and Sue Woo are truly too cool—if only you knew how cool you two choose to be at school or at the movies. Lou blew his cool on Tuesday while perusing the newspaper for the truth about who flew the coop from the boot camp, including the lieutenant. Who knew the truth?
Review Exercise 9-1: Mind Your Vees |
P |
B |
F |
V |
W |
Perry |
berry |
fairy |
very |
wary |
pat |
bat |
fat |
vat |
wax |
Paul |
ball |
fall |
vault |
wall |
1.Peter picked a peck of pickled peppers.
2.It’s important to provide perfect principles for young people.
3.Hopscotch, lollipops, hoolahoops, and popsicles keep a little nipper happy.
4.Laptop computers put payroll, payables, and spreadsheets at our fingertips.
5.It’s impossible to predict population patterns.
1.Betty bought a bit of better butter. |
1.What were the women doing in the woods? |
2.Ben believes Bill broke Bob’s box. |
2.How would I know? |
3.Billions of bagels are being baked in Brooklyn. |
3.When was Willy’s worst weekend? |
4.Babies babble and blow bubbles. |
4.Why would we wear warm wool? |
5.Bananas come from Cuba. |
|
|
5.Where were we when we woke up? |
1.Fred forgot to fry fish on Friday. |
1.It’s evident that Vera was very valuable. |
2.Few friends fail to fight. |
2.Cliff Claven was available for every version. |
3.Freedom fighters fight for freedom. |
3.The navy revoked his visa for obvious reasons. |
4.Only a fool feeds fugu to friends. |
4.Beavers give the environment very valuable dams. |
5.Feel free to laugh if it’s funny. |
5.Caves leave me cold, but I love to dive. |
Review Exercise 10-1: S or Z? |
s |
z |
s |
z |
ice |
eyes |
dust |
does |
ace |
A’s |
race |
rays |
fleece |
fleas |
muscle |
muzzle |
Review Exercise 10-2: Sally at the Seashore |
It’s so silly to see Sally sell seashells at the seashore. Sally and her sister, Sue, can sell seventy-six apiece every Saturday and Sunday in August and September, but their price must decrease or their sales will sink.
Review Exercise 10-3: Fuzzy Wuzzy |
Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t fuzzy, was he!
Review Exercise 11-1: Tense Vowels |
Review Exercise 11-3: Lax Vowels |
e |
i |
ü |
ә |
әr |
wed |
which |
would |
what |
work |
bet |
bit |
book |
but |
burn |
kept |
kiss |
could |
cut |
curt |
Review Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs |
invendә
1.The wily old lighthouse keepers invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme once a season.
invenәdә
2.The wily old lighthouse keepers invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme last year.
zәrinvending
3.The wily old lighthouse keepers’re inventing a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme again.
zәlinvendә
4.The wily old lighthouse keepers’ll invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme if they aren’t afraid of being caught and sent to prison.
zәdinvendә
5.The wily old lighthouse keepers’d invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme if they weren’t afraid of being caught and sent to prison.
zәdәvinvenәdә
6.The wily old lighthouse keepers’d’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme if they hadn’t been afraid of being caught and sent to prison.
zәdәvinvenәdә
7.The wily old lighthouse keepers that’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme are languishing in Club Fed at the moment.
zәvinvenәdә
8.The wily old lighthouse keepers’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme for the tenth year in a row.
zәdinvenәdә
9.The wily old lighthouse keepers had invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme long before multilevel marketing became popular.
zәlәvinvenәdә
10.The wily old lighthouse keepers’ll’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme by the time they get back from checking their off-shore bank accounts.
zädә invendә
11.The wily old lighthouse keepers ought to invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme to handle the overflow cash from their many nefarious enterprises.
shüdin vendә
12.The wily old lighthouse keepers should invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme to stash their ill-gotten gains.
shüdn•nin vendә
13.The wily old lighthouse keepers shouldn’t invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme in this anti-crime climate.
shüdә vinvendә
14.The wily old lighthouse keepers should’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme while they were in the witness protection plan.
shüdn•nәvin venedә
15.The wily old lighthouse keepers shouldn’t’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme while they were being monitored by the FBI.
cüdin vendә
16.The wily old lighthouse keepers could invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme once a year for a hundred years and never run out of ideas.
cüdn•nin vendә
17.The wily old lighthouse keepers couldn’t invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme even if their lives depended on it.
cüdә vinvenәdә
18.The wily old lighthouse keepers could’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme if they’d had a laptop and a bank account.
cüdn*nәvin venәd suchә
19.Even those wily old lighthouse keepers couldn’t’ve invented such a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme without outside help.
mydin vendә
20.The wily old lighthouse keepers might invent a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme unless they’re kept under house arrest.
mydәvin vendәdә
21.The wily old lighthouse keepers might’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme while they were waiting for trial.
mәssdin vendә
22.The wily old lighthouse keepers must invent a lot of highly lucrative money-laundering schemes.
mәssdәvin vendәdә
23.The wily old lighthouse keepers must’ve invented a highly lucrative money-laundering scheme while they were out on parole.
cәnin vent
24.The wily old lighthouse keepers can invent hundreds of highly lucrative money-laundering schemes.
kændin vendεnee
25.The wily old lighthouse keepers can’t invent any more highly lucrative money-laundering schemes.
Review Exercise 11-8: Your Own Compound Nouns |
On a separate piece of paper, build up your own compound nouns, both subject and object.
Review Exercise 11-9: Your Own Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs |
On a separate piece of paper, write out your own sentences.
Review Exercise 12-1: Nasal Consonants |
Review Exercise 12-2: Ending Nasal Consonants |
M |
N |
NG |
rumә |
runә |
rungә |
some |
son |
sung |
hum |
hun |
hung |
Review Exercise 12-3: Reading Nasal Consonant Sounds |
Some young men wanted to fling a ring along the rim of the fountain, but we told them to clam up and clean up their game. One was a well-mannered young man with the name Dan Wang. He said, “Yes, ma’am.”
Review Exercise 13-1: Throaty Consonants |
|
Initial |
Middle |
Final |
h |
how |
rehire |
|
k |
cow |
accent |
sink |
g |
go |
regard |
drag |
ng |
bring in |
thanks |
sing |
r |
row |
mirror |
car |
Review Exercise 13-2: The Letter X |
ks |
|
gz |
|
excite |
εksäit |
example |
әgzæmpәl |
extra |
εkstrә |
exactly |
әgzæklee |
except |
әksεpt |
examine |
әgzæmәn |
excellent |
εksәlәnt |
exit |
εgzit |
Review Exercise 13-3: Reading the H, K, G, NG, and R sounds |
Dr. Baxter’s exact experience was such that when the good doctor traveled to the Sahara, he inhaled the arid air, picked up his still packed bags, and headed for the bar. It was time to examine the sorry situation, which was exactly the case with Dr. Igor Baxter, an English historian with a peg leg and a unquenchable thirst for Mexican rum. Baxter had had a pair of strange experiences in the area, but he was still game to accomplish his goal in the exiled purgatory of the great, dry Sahara. When he saw that his patients were to be camels, however, he packed up and took off for green England, without a single pang of regret.
Track 330