INDEX
Adams, John, 12, 325, 331, 332, 355, 382, 388, 391, 436, 444, 471
delegate to First Continental Congress, 330
and faith, 443
seconding proposal to approve Declaration of Independence, 387
Adams, Samuel, 11, 329, 330, 331, 338, 382, 386, 390, 391
and the Boston Tea Party, 327–28
Christian faith of, 325, 463–64
delegate to First Continental Congress, 330
leadership of Boston Patriots, 326
reply to Thomas Paine’s Age of Reason, 464
writings of, 325–26
Age of Reason, 310, 436, 437. See also Enlightenment; rationalism
Alden, John, 146
Allen, Ethan, 347–48, 361, 369
America
and civil authority, 148, 203, 229, 251, 312, 313, 317, 363
God’s plan for, 15, 17, 19–24, 49–50, 66, 77, 83, 86, 131, 135, 265, 293, 306, 337, 372–73, 391–92
and government, 148, 153–54, 209–10, 251, 252; see also covenant, vertical and horizontal aspects of
representative government, 153, 252, 310, 312, 430
American Bible Society, 465, 470
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 470
American Revolution, 312, 313, 354. See also War for Independence
Apostle to the Indians (Eliot, John), 280
Arnold, Benedict, 346–47, 361, 369, 402, 414–15
Articles of Confederation, 429, 430, 472
civil, 148, 203, 229, 312, 313, 317, 363
Baptism, 259
Baptists, 333
Barlowe, Arthur, 88–90
Bible Society of Philadelphia, 472
Bill of Rights, 438
blessing on a nation, 15–16, 22, 24, 255, 348, 447, 462
Boston
British occupation of, 368
settlement of, 208
taking of by Patriots from British, 373–78
and visit of George Whitefield, 303–4
Boston Massacre, 307, 330, 386, 471
Boston Tea Party, 328
Boudinot, Elias, 464–65
Bradford, William, 138–39, 142, 147, 149, 154–55, 160, 169, 178, 180, 181, 237–38, 262, 265
Brainerd, David, 301
Brébeuf, Jean de, 80–81
Breed’s Hill, Battle of, 350–55, 386
Brewster, William, 139, 142, 143, 145, 147, 148, 151, 152, 162–63, 203
Brooklyn Heights, Battle of, 394-98
“Brotherhood of Man,” 310, 311, 437
Burgoyne, John (General), 352, 378, 402
Canada, invasion of, 369–72
Cape Cod, 152–54, 157, 294, 324
Carroll, Charles, 465–66
Charles I, King of England, 191, 192, 194, 392
Charles II, King of England, 313, 314–15, 327
Charter of Massachusetts Bay, demand to relinquish, 313, 315–16
chastisement by God, 263–65
checks and balances in government, 435–36
choir, role of Puritan, 230
Christopher, Saint, legend of, 40–41
Clinton, Henry (General), 354, 412, 417
Columbus, Christopher
called Admiral of the Ocean Sea, 43, 49, 52, 56, 57
Christian faith of, 14–15, 27–28, 32, 44, 55–56
first voyage to the New World, 26–27, 37, 56
fourth voyage to the New World, 65–69
God’s rebuke of, 18–19
inability to govern, 56, 63–64, 65
lack of obedience, 56, 60, 65–68
and loss of Santa Maria, 46–47, 58
and native peoples, 43–47
pride and ego of, 49–50, 55, 56
and the recognimiento movement, 32
repentance of, 67–68
second voyage to the New World, 60–63
third voyage to the New World, 63–64
Committee on Religion, of Virginia House of Burgesses, 358
Committees of Correspondence, 325, 329
communism, 178
Concord, Battle of, 343–46, 386
Constitution of the United States, 310, 433–36, 438–39, 443
Constitutional Convention (1787), 430, 431–33
Continental Army, 355, 364–66, 374, 376, 379, 398, 399, 402, 409, 411, 412, 414, 421, 429
conversion to Christ, 189, 266, 267
Cornwallis, Charles (General), 401, 416–20
Cotton, John, 197, 214–16, 224, 238, 243–45, 266
covenant, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 144, 153, 183, 186, 222, 251, 279, 366, 425, 434, 447
love, 202
vertical and horizontal aspects of, 21, 23, 204–5, 209–10, 222, 226–27, 252, 306, 409, 427–30, 438–39, 450, 451
Covenant Way, 254–55, 266, 293, 425, 446–51
Cross of Christ, 78, 81, 236, 283, 349, 359, 472
Cushman, Robert, 145, 149–50, 172, 174
pressing for acceptance of Weston’s terms, 173–74
Dale, Sir Thomas, 132–34
Daughters of Liberty, 327
dead reckoning navigation, 27
Declaration of Independence, 12, 310, 387–90, 392
Declaration of Rights, 332
Deism, 349, 357–58, 437, 458, 462
De La Warr, Baron, 125, 130–32
democracy, 22, 204, 249, 310, 434, 436
demon possession, 285
dependence on God, 311
desecration of churches by British armies, 378–79
desertion, 373
devil, the, 44, 48, 72, 73, 142, 175, 186, 214, 244, 246–47, 275
tactics against Christians, 282–83
Divine Providence, 130, 149, 158, 160, 168, 227, 255–57, 272, 277, 279, 337, 350, 357, 361, 366, 367, 372, 374, 377, 390, 397, 401, 415, 416–18, 421, 427. See also will of God
discipline
of God, 317; see also judgment of God
military, 363
disease (among troops at Valley Forge), 404
Dominicans, 73
drill instruction, 411
Dwight, Timothy, 421, 427, 431, 437, 441, 473
Early Comers, 21
East India Company, 327
Edwards, Jonathan, 295, 301, 427
Eliot, John (Apostle to the Indians), 280
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 86–88, 91–92, 101, 140
Enlightenment, the, 437. See also Age of Reason; rationalism
Emerson, William, 342–44
encomienda system, 74–75
Endecott, John, 200–207
Enterprise to the Indies, 37
ethnic cleansing, 37
evacuation of Staten Island, 393–98
exploration, 73–74, 75–76, 79–80
family, contemporary American view of, 222–24. See also Puritans, and family
fasting, 145, 227, 264, 274, 315, 325, 379–80
about witchcraft trials, 289, 290
first national day of, 365, 366
Federalist Papers, 433–35, 469
Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Spain, 29–30, 33, 35–36, 47, 57–59, 63–64
First Comers, 205
First Continental Congress, 330, 334
First Day Society, 472
First Encounter (of Pilgrims with Indians), 158
forgiveness, 55, 190, 214, 291, 408
Fort Sullivan, Battle for, 393
Founding Fathers, 10, 332, 436, 463
Franklin, Benjamin, 355, 387, 410, 432
relationship with George Whitefield, 302–3, 467–68
religious views of, 432, 467–68
free enterprise system, 178
freedom. See independence
freedom in Christ, 450
French and Indian War, 319, 340, 360, 364, 383
“French Infidelity,” 437
French Revolution, 436–37
Freylinghuysen, Theodore, 301
Fuller, Samuel, 203–4
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 252
Gage, Thomas (General), 326, 329, 330, 350, 351, 368
Gates, Sir Thomas, 454
“General Sickness,” 160–61, 203, 208
George III, King of England, 319, 320, 322, 382, 383, 384, 385, 450
German Seventh Day Baptists (Ephrata “Dunkers”), 408
Gilbert, Humfrey, 85–86, 91, 93
gold, 46, 47, 59, 61, 62, 65–68, 76, 127, 142. See also money, love of
God
grace of, 151, 155, 199, 202, 206, 242, 255, 269, 276, 290, 293, 373, 376, 393, 446, 447
guidance of, 332
kingdom of, 14, 21, 182, 183, 210, 283, 306, 310, 427, 438
mercy of, 180, 255, 277, 366, 400, 432
and “New Israel,” 20, 259, 282, 193, 446, 447
plan for America, 15, 17, 19–24, 49–50, 66, 77, 83, 86, 131, 135, 265, 293, 306, 337, 372–73, 391–92
purpose of, 142–43
will of, 148, 149, 175, 189, 196, 199, 200, 204, 221, 309, 317, 348, 372, 435, 437
Gospel of Christ, 30, 78, 110, 119, 127, 136, 192, 194, 243, 254, 305, 306, 334, 458. See also Light of Christ
grace of God, 151, 155, 199, 202, 206, 242, 255, 269, 276, 290, 293, 373, 376, 393, 446, 447
Great Awakening, 293, 295–96, 300–301, 306, 310, 320, 333, 437
emphasis on action, 306–7
promoting awareness of America as nation, 306, 310, 311
Great Migration, 185, 193, 194
greed. See money, love of
Grenville, Richard, 92–95, 95–96, 101
guidance of God, 332
Half–Way Covenant, 255, 267, 451
Hakluyt, Richard, (older and younger), 91–92, 106, 109
Hamilton, Alexander, 433, 437, 457, 461
Hancock, John, 326, 330, 332, 338, 339, 390
Harriot, Thomas, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 119
Christian faith of, 333–34, 358, 468
delegate to First Continental Congress, 331
“Give me liberty or give me death” speech, 335–36
as lawyer, 334
heresy, 244–45
Holy Communion, 112, 259, 460–462
Hopkinson, Francis, 469
Howe, William (General), 351, 368, 392, 393, 396, 398, 399, 412
Howland, John, 150
Hunt, Robert, 107–8, 109, 110, 112, 113, 117, 125
Huguenots (French Protestants), 76–77, 85, 142, 195
incarnation of Christ, 236
independence, 311, 334, 338, 383, 386, 412, 426
Indian uprisings, 243, 246, 314. See also King Philip’s War
James I, King of England, 105, 106, 120, 140, 191, 316
James II, King of England, 315, 316–17, 318
Jamestown settlement, 148
contention in, 108–9
disease in, 110–11
fire at, 117
and hunger, 112, 113–14, 117, 125–26, 128
Jefferson, Thomas, 19, 334, 441, 437, 466
and the “Jefferson Bible,” 442
rationalism of, 441–42
religious views of, 388
Jesuits, 77–81
Job, story of, 48–49
Jogues, Isaac, 81–82
John II, King of Portugal, 29, 38, 51–52, 54–55
judgment of God, 179, 255, 258, 269, 274, 280, 447
King Philip’s War, 272–82, 312, 451. See also Indian uprisings
Knox, Henry, 375, 401, 422, 444
Lafayette, Marquis de, 356
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 41, 42, 55, 62, 75
Laud, William, Bishop of London, 185, 191, 193, 249
Lee, Charles (General), 399–400, 413–14
Lee, Richard Henry, 325, 326, 331, 335, 358, 387
Lexington, Battle of, 340–42, 386
liberty of conscience, 237
Light of Christ, 15, 19, 25, 28, 33, 70, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 107, 141, 162, 181, 193, 234, 254, 266, 267, 283, 307, 427, 438, 451. See also Gospel of Christ
Livingston, Robert, 474
lordship of Jesus Christ, 77, 182
Lost Colony. See Roanoke Colony; see also Virginia Colony
Luther, Martin, 73
Magnalia Americana, 235, 255–57, 267
Manuel, David, 13
Marchena, Father Antonio de la, 30–33
Marquette, Jacques, 79–80
Marshall, Peter, 14
martial law, 131–32
martyrdom, 80–83
Massachusetts Bay Company, 194, 197
Massachusetts Provincial Congress, 332, 333, 346, 348
Mather, Cotton, 21, 207, 225, 235, 255, 263, 274, 284–86, 322
spiritual life of, 217–19
Mather, Increase, 217, 314, 315, 327, 449
Mayflower, 145, 146, 149, 151–52, 162, 170
Mayflower Compact, 153–54, 251, 310, 451
McKean, Thomas, 470–71
mercenaries, use of, 384–86
mercy of God, 180, 255, 277, 366, 400, 432
Mifflin, Thomas, 397, 423, 424
militia, 339, 341–44, 345, 346, 363
ministers, 426–27
and Enlightenment thinking, 437–38
role in resisting British tyranny, 310, 313–15, 320–22, 333, 338–39, 342–43, 349
role in Revolution, 366, 367–68, 379, 409
mission, 73–74, 75–76, 92, 95, 106–7, 192, 243, 298, 301, 467
Model of Christian Charity, 202–03
money, love of, 44–45, 60–62, 71–72, 85–86, 185. See also gold
motivation for settlement (English), 85–86, 107, 132–33, 135
Mount Vernon, 439–40
musketry, 411
National Day of Prayer, 14
native peoples
treatment of
by Conquistadors, 71–72
by English, 90–91, 93–95, 97, 100, 111–12, 131–32
relationships
with Columbus, 47
with English in Virginia, 89–90, 122–24, 129
with Pilgrims, 157–58
Navigation Acts (1651, 1663), 316, 319
navigation tables, 88
New England Company, 153, 172, 194
“New Israel,” 17, 20, 24, 259, 282, 293, 425, 426, 446, 447
Niña, 26, 42, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 57, 60
noble savage, myth of, 80
occultism, 284
Olive Branch Petition, 381, 466
one nation under God, 310, 311. See also Great Awakening
Paine, Robert Treat, 471
Partners (in Jamestown settlement), 106, 110, 122, 135
pastor, role of Puritan, 230
Patuxet Indians, 165
Perez, Father Juan, 30–34
Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, 472
Philadelphia, British withdrawal from, 412–14
Philip, King of the Wampanoag, 270, 282
hatred for Christianity, 271
Pilgrims
and church governance, 203–4
distinguished from Puritans, 140–41, 189, 190, 191
peace treaty with Massasoit, 168
learning to plant and harvest, 168–69
fur trade, 169
Pinta, 26, 41, 42, 46, 48, 57, 60
Pinzόn, Martin, 26–27, 36, 40, 43, 46, 48
Pinzόn, Vicente, 26–27, 36, 40, 43, 47
Plymouth (Plimoth) Plantation, 160, 167
and drought, 179
fire at, 161
and hunger, 176
Pocahontas, 116, 124, 133–34, 135
poltergeist phenomena, 284–85
Port Act, 328
Powhatan, 114–17, 120–23, 129, 453
prayer, 145, 150, 152, 161, 172, 204, 206, 218, 264, 315, 325, 379
about witchcraft trials, 289, 290
at First Continental Congress, 331–32
“Praying Indians,” 280–81
press–gangs, 384
privacy, 222–23
privateers, 92, 95–96, 101, 103, 199
private property, right of, 178
Protestant Reformation, 73, 251
Puritans
courtship and marriage, patterns of, 221–22
covenant relationships, 186, 214, 217, 220
distinguished from Separatists (Pilgrims), 140, 189, 190, 191
and family, 224–25; see also family, contemporary American view of
Great Migration of, 185, 193, 194
political thought, 434
and role of pastor, 230
view of sin, 213
and worship, 228–29
Raleigh, Walter, 85–88, 91–92, 105, 135, 141, 454
rationalism, 435, 440–41. See also Age of Reason; Enlightenment
Recollets, 78
reconciliation with Great Britain, desire for, 381, 386, 466
Reign of Terror, 436
repentance, 22–23, 67–68, 109, 113, 148, 163, 180, 190, 214, 261, 281, 366, 379, 447–48
about witchcraft trials, 289, 290–91
republic, 436
Revere, Paul, 338–39
right to vote, 204
Roanoke Colony, 452–55. See also Virginia Colony
Robinson, John, 20, 142, 143, 145, 148
Rowlandson, Mary, captivity of, 277–80
Rush, Benjamin, 471–72
Santa Maria, 25, 26, 41, 46–47, 58
Saratoga, Battle of, 402
Sassamon, John
murder of, as impetus for King Philip’s War, 270–71
Satan. See devil, the
Second Continental Congress, 332
separation of Church and State, 379, 441
separation of powers, 289
Separatists. See Pilgrims
Sewall, Judge Samuel, 263, 289–92
Sherman, Roger, 472–73
Smith, John (Captain), 117, 118, 119, 120–23, 126, 127, 146, 166, 453, 454
and Powhatan, 114–16, 118, 121–24
life saved by Pocahontas, 115–16
on Partners, 127
on Robert Hunt, 113
Spanish Inquisition, the, 36
Spirit of God, work of, 295–96
Stamp Act (1765), 320, 321–22, 334 (Resolves), 466, 468, 473
Standish, Miles (Captain), 147, 163
Stockton, Richard, 473–74
Stoddard, Solomon, 449
Sum of Church Discipline, 252
taxation and representation, 320, 383
Tennent, Gilbert, 301
Tennent, William, 300–301, 302
testimony in court of law, admissibility of, 286, 287–88
thanksgiving, 43, 48, 89, 130, 150, 154, 379, 421
Pilgrim public days of, 171–72, 181,
Puritan public day of, 227
Thomson, Charles, 474–75
tithingman, the, 228–29
totalitarianism, 435
Townshend Acts (1767), 320, 323, 326
Trade Winds, 38
Trenton, Battle of, 399–401
Trumbull, Jonathan, 324, 394, 444
typology, 20
definitions of, 316
resistance to tyranny, 317, 320, 324, 333, 392
Universalism, 472
Virginia Charter, 106
Virginia Colony, 96–101, 103–4, 105, 122, 131. See also Roanoke Colony
Virginia Company, 143, 144, 153, 453
Virginia Revolutionary Convention, 333
von Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Augustus (Baron), 410–11, 422
War for Independence, 10, 293, 337, 437, 458, 459. See also American Revolution
and the Bible, 458
chosen as commander of Continental Army, 355
Christian faith of, 357–60, 364–65, 406–8, 412
and church attendance, 364, 365, 458–60
concern for covenant relationships, 428
concern for troops, 404
and Constitutional Convention, 430–31, 433
delegate to First Continental Congress, 331
Farewell Address, 443
farewell to officers and resignation of commission, 422–24
final days as President, 443–45
First Inauguration and Address, 440
and Holy Communion, 460–62
leadership of Continental Army, 363–66, 395–97, 399–401, 403, 407, 414
others’ assessments of, 355–56, 359, 360–61, 407, 431
and pardon of Michael Widman, 408
and prohibition of swearing, 364–65
and prayer, 404, 428, 431, 456–58
readiness to serve country, 323, 329, 355
requirement that troops attend church services, 364, 365, 406, 459
service in French and Indian War, 360, 457
use of the word “Providence,” 357, 377, 421, 462
Washington, Martha, 358–59, 404, 459–60
Washington, Mary Ball, 359–60, 456
Way of the Cross, 75, 245, 248, 305, 449–50
Webster, Daniel (Senator), 23
Weston, Thomas, 144, 147, 173–77
White, John, 98–104
conversion and ordination, 297–98
death of, 307–8
effect of ministry on America, 301–6
ministry in Georgia, 298–99
ministry to coal miners in Bristol, 299–300
Whittemore, Sam, 345–46
will of God, 148, 149, 175, 189, 196, 199, 200, 204, 221, 309, 317, 348, 372, 435, 437. See also Divine Providence
William and Mary, King and Queen of England, 318
Williams, Roger, 212
attacks on the King, 238–39
and founding of Providence, 240–43
and Massachusetts Bay Colony, 238–40
and Plymouth Colony, 237–38
Winslow, Edward, 146, 147, 158, 167–68, 171, 179–80
Winthrop, John, 186–87, 198–204, 216, 238, 247–251
decision making about God’s will, 194–96
elected governor of Massachusetts Bay Company, 197
as instrument of God, 207–8
spiritual journals of, 187
witchcraft, 284
Salem witch trials, 286–89
Witherspoon, John, 379, 388–89, 437, 475
Yorktown, British surrender at, 418–20