NOTES

Introduction: The Medicine of Daily Affection

1Horace Traubel, With Walt Whitman in Camden, 9 vols. (New York: D. Appleton, 1908), 2:402.

2T. W. Higginson, ‘‘Unmanly Manhood,’’ The Woman’s Journal 12 (February 1882): 33. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:46–47. Clara Barrus, Whitman and Burroughs, Comrades (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1931), 339.

3Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:582.

4Justin Kaplan, Walt Whitman: A Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980), 275.

5Edwin Haviland Miller, ed., Walt Whitman: The Correspondence, 6 vols. (New York: New York University Press, 1961–77), 1:111, 159. Hereafter cited as Correspondence.

6Floyd Stovall, ed., Walt Whitman: Prose Works 1892, 2 vols. (New York: New York University Press, 1963–64), 1:81, 114–15. Hereafter cited as Prose Works. Sculley Bradley and Harold W. Blodgett, eds., Leaves of Grass (New York: W. W. Norton, 1973), 66. Hereafter cited as Leaves.

Chapter One: New York Stagnation

1David S. Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America: A Cultural Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), 405.

2James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 247.

3Correspondence, 1:61, 41. Leaves, 448.

4Leaves, 608–609.

5 Leaves, 609. Roy P. Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 8 vols. (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953), 4:271.

6Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 55. Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 14–15.

7Leaves, 741, 52, 28, 17.

8David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 273–78. Prose Works, 2:499.

9Prose Works, 2:499–501.

10Edward F. Grier, ed., Walt Whitman: Notebooks and Unpublished Prose Manuscripts, 6 vols. (New York: New York University Press, 1984), 6:2121–26. Hereafter cited as Notebooks.

11Notebooks, 6:2121.

12Leaves, 591–93.

13Albert Parry, Garrets and Pretenders: A History of Bohemia in America (New York: Covici, Friede, 1933), 22–23. See also Christine Stansell, ‘‘Whitman at Pfaff’s: Commercial Culture, Literary Life and New York Bohemia at Mid-Century,’’ Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 10 (Winter 1993): 107–23.

14Parry, Garrets and Pretenders, 44–46.

15Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:118.

16Saturday Press, November 12, 1859. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 1:236.

17Parry, Garrets and Pretenders, 16, 28.

18Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 243–44.

19Quoted in Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 244. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3: 117. Parry, Garrets and Pretenders, 35–37.

20Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 243, 246. Parry, Garrets and Pretenders, 41. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:116–17.

21Leaves, 660–61.

22Parry, Garrets and Pretenders, 54.

23Parry, Garrets and Pretenders, 47, 55.

24Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 1:56. Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 293–95.

25Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 409.

26Notebooks, 1:405.

27Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 69–76. Quoted in Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 236. Leaves, 132.

28Leaves, 386.

29Leaves, 596.

30Leaves, 134. For Fred Vaughan, see Charley Shively, ed., Calamus Lovers: Walt Whitman’s Working-Class Camerados (San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1987), 36–50.

31Charles I. Glicksberg, ‘‘Walt Whitman in 1862,’’ American Literature 6 (November 1934): 275–80.

32Leaves, 126–27

33Leaves, 133.

34John H. Johnston, Diary Notes of a Visit to Walt Whitman and Some of His Friends, in 1890 (Boston: T. Brimelow, 1890), 99–100.

35Prose Works, 2:180. Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 266. Glicksberg, ‘‘Walt Whitman in 1862,’’ 278.

36Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 106.

37Charles I. Glicksberg, ed., Walt Whitman and the Civil War (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1933), 24, 44–45.

38Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 27–29.

39Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 41.

40Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 42–43. Jerome Loving, Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 260–61.

41Emory Holloway, ‘‘Whitman Pursued,’’ American Literature 27 (March 1955): 6. See also Edwin Haviland Miller, ‘‘Walt Whitman and Ellen Eyre,’’ American Literature 33 (March 1961): 64–65.

42Holloway, ‘‘Whitman Pursued,’’ 6.

43Glicksberg, ‘‘Walt Whitman in 1862,’’ 276.

44D. B. St. John Roosa, ‘‘Walt Whitman,’’ New York Mail and Express, June 10, 1896.

45Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 30, 44–45.

46Roosa, ‘‘Walt Whitman.’’

47John Townsend Trowbridge, My Own Story (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1903), 362.

48John Burroughs, Whitman: A Study (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1896), 27. Edward Carpenter, Days with Walt Whitman (London: George Allen, 1906), 42–43. Correspondence, 3:266. Leaves, 32.

49Walt Whitman, Memoranda During the War (Old Saybrook, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, reprinted 1993), 60. Hereafter cited as Memoranda.

50Quoted in Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 262. Memoranda, 60.

51Memoranda, 60. Correspondence 1:57. Jerome M. Loving, ed., Civil War Letters of George Washington Whitman (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1975), 40. Hereafter cited as Civil War Letters.

52 Memoranda, 61–62.

53Leaves, 283.

54Leaves, 282.

55Leaves, 280.

56Leaves, 281.

57Leaves, 309.

58Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 18, 42.

59Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 268. Civil War Letters, 67.

60Civil War Letters, 74.

61Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 268. Correspondence, 1:61.

Chapter Two: A Sight in Camp

1Correspondence, 1:58. Quoted in Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 411.

2Correspondence, 1:58.

3Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 268.

4Civil War Letters, 77, 152. Correspondence, 1:58.

5Civil War Letters, xii, 137.

6Correspondence, 1:58. Memoranda, 6.

7Moncure D. Conway, Autobiography: Memories and Experiences, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 1:356. Stephen B. Oates, A Woman of Valor: Clara Barton and the Civil War (New York: Free Press, 1994), 103, 110–11.

8Oates, Woman of Valor, 3, 7, 25. The married colonel was John J. Elwell of Cleveland, Ohio. For his affair with Barton, see Oates, 148–154.

9Oates, Woman of Valor, 11, 32.

10Correspondence, 1:58.

11Civil War Letters, 75, 77.

12Correspondence, 1:58. Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 68.

13Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 68–71. The Forbes drawing is reproduced in Charley Shively, ed., Drum Beats: Walt Whitman’s Civil War Boy Lovers (San Francisco: Gay Sunshine Press, 1989), 15.

14Quoted in Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative, 3 vols. (New York: Random House, 1958–74), 2:44.

15Edward J. Stackpole, The Fredericksburg Campaign (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 1957), 239. Civil War Letters, 152. Correspondence, 1:68, 81. Quoted in McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 574.

16Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 69, 74–75.

17Quoted in Oates, Woman of Valor, 114.

18 Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 73–74, 79.

19Leaves, 306–307.

20Robert B. Sweet, ‘‘A Writer Looks at Whitman’s ‘A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim,’ ’’ Walt Whitman Review 17 (June 1971): 58.

21Patricia L. Faust, ed., Historical Times Illustrated History of the Civil War (New York: Harper & Row, 1986), 599. Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 68.

22Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 70.

23Memoranda, 6.

24Quoted in Robert E. Denney, Civil War Medicine: Care & Comfort of the Wounded (New York: Sterling Publishing, 1995), 180–81.

25Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 67, 69–70.

26Memoranda, 6–7.

27George Worthington Adams, Doctors in Blue: The Medical History of the Union Army in the Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971), 75–76.

28Adams, Doctors in Blue, 76–77, 86–87.

29Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 73.

30Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 81. Leaves, 300.

31Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 68, 73–75.

32Leaves, 667–68.

33Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 70, 80–81.

34Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 81.

35Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:157, 279. Memoranda, 7.

36Memoranda, 7.

37Ellen M. Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections of Walt Whitman,’’ Atlantic Monthly 99 (June 1907): 825.

38Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 826.

39Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 825. Correspondence, 1:60.

40Florence B. Freedman, ‘‘W. D. O’Connor: Whitman’s ‘Chosen Knight,’ ’’ Walt Whitman Review 27 (September 1981): 100. For O’Connor, see Jerome Loving, Walt Whitman’s Champion: William Douglas O’Connor (College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press, 1978).

41Florence B. Freedman, ‘‘New Light on an Old Quarrel: Walt Whitman and William Douglas O’Connor 1872,’’ Walt Whitman Review 11 (June 1965): 28, 30.

42Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 288.

43Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 287. Freedman, ‘‘New Light on an Old Quarrel,’’ 29–30, 39.

44 Quoted in Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 232. Loving, Walt Whitman’s Champion, 144.

45Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:525–26. Leaves, 67.

Chapter Three: The Great Army of the Sick

1Correspondence, 1:59.

2Correspondence, 1:61.

3Correspondence, 1:65–66.

4Quoted in Barrus, Whitman and Burroughs, 10.

5Basler, Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 5:318–19. Donald, Lincoln, 362–65.

6Basler, Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 5:529. Civil War Letters, 71.

7Quoted in Loving, Walt Whitman’s Champion, 38.

8Prose Works, 2:580. Leaves, 145. Emory Holloway and Vernolian Schwartz, eds., I Sit and Look Out: Editorials from the Brooklyn Daily Times (New York: AMS Press, 1966), 90.

9Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 6:323. Quoted in Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 470.

10Freedman, ‘‘New Light on an Old Quarrel,’’ 30. Thomas L. Brasher, Whitman as Editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1970), 164. Notebooks, 1:69.

11Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:43, 7:158. Leaves, 173.

12Correspondence, 1:61.

13Correspondence, 1:61. Massachusetts Soldiers, Sailors, and Marines in the Civil War (Norwood, Mass.: Norwood Press, 1932), 291–93.

14Walt Whitman, ‘‘The Great Army of the Sick,’’ New York Times, February 26, 1863, reprinted in Richard M. Bucke, ed., The Wound Dresser: A Series of Letters Written in Washington During the War of Rebellion (Boston: Small, Maynard, 1898), 5–6.

15Whitman, ‘‘The Great Army of the Sick,’’ 6.

16Whitman, ‘‘The Great Army of the Sick,’’ 7.

17Whitman, ‘‘The Great Army of the Sick,’’ 7–8.

18Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 828.

19Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 273.

20Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 828–29.

21Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 829. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 7: 189, 3:77–78.

22 Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion, 6 vols. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1875–85), 1:98. Adams, Doctors in Blue, 154.

23Adams, Doctors in Blue, 194–203.

24Adams, Doctors in Blue, 49–51, 224. See also Frank R. Freemon, Gangrene and Glory: Medical Care during the American Civil War (Cranbury, N.J.: Associated University Presses, 1998), 19–26.

25Adams, Doctors in Blue, 203, 226–28. See also Stewart Brooks, Civil War Medicine (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1966), 106–21.

26Adams, Doctors in Blue, 38–39.

27Adams, Doctors in Blue, 38. Martha Saxton, Louisa May: A Modern Biography of Louisa May Alcott (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977), 251–68.

28Adams, Doctors in Blue, 112–14. Brooks, Civil War Medicine, 74–75.

29Brooks, Civil War Medicine, 75. Adams, Doctors in Blue, 117.

30W. W. Keen, ‘‘Military Surgery in 1861 and 1918,’’ Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 80 (1918): 14–15.

31Adams, Doctors in Blue, 138–39.

32Quoted in Adams, Doctors in Blue, 139.

33Adams, Doctors in Blue, 141–42. H. H. Cunningham, Doctors in Gray (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1958), 237–38.

34Cunningham, Doctors in Gray, 238–41. Brooks, Civil War Medicine, 83–84.

35Cunningham, Doctors in Gray, 240.

36Correspondence, 1:69.

37Correspondence, 1:69. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 1:332–33.

38Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 6:194. Correspondence, 1:77.

39Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 4:195. For the modern gay perspective, see Shively, Drum Beats, 50–70, and Shively, Calamus Lovers, 63–70.

40Leaves, 73–74.

41Leaves, 310.

42Leaves, 34–35.

43Memoranda, 18.

44Correspondence, 1:89.

45Walt Whitman, ‘‘Life Among Fifty Thousand Soldiers,’’ reprinted in Bucke, The Wound Dresser, 14–15. Memoranda, 12.

46Correspondence, 1:81.

47Whitman, ‘‘The Great Army of the Sick,’’ 2–3.

48Whitman, ‘‘The Great Army of the Sick,’’ 8–9.

49Quoted in Bell Irvin Wiley, The Life of Billy Yank: The Common Soldier of the Union (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1952), 149–50.

50Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 171–72. Quoted in Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 275.

51Richard Hinton, ‘‘Washington Letter,’’ Cincinnati Commercial, August 26, 1871.

52George Frederickson, The Inner Civil War: Northern Intellectuals and the Crisis of the Union (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), 90. Correspondence, 1:110–11.

53Quoted in Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 276. Whitman, ‘‘Life Among Fifty Thousand Soldiers,’’ 12–13.

54Correspondence, 1:73–74.

55Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 1:416, 3:77.

56Whitman, ‘‘Life Among Fifty Thousand Soldiers,’’ 17.

57Whitman, ‘‘Life Among Fifty Thousand Soldiers,’’ 17–18.

58Adams, Doctors in Blue, 184–85.

59Adams, Doctors in Blue, 187–88. Brooks, Civil War Medicine, 61–62. Gary L. Todd, ‘‘An Invalid Corps,’’ Civil War Times Illustrated (December 1985): 10–19.

60Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 82, 168.

61Memoranda, 16–17.

62Memoranda, 37.

63Mark H. Dunkelman, ‘‘Oscar Wilber,’’ America’s Civil War (November 1996): 8–18, 86–88.

64Memoranda, 21.

65Memoranda, 13.

66Correspondence, 1:97–98.

67Correspondence, 1:100.

68Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 832. William Sloane Kennedy, Reminiscences of Walt Whitman (Paisley, Scotland: Alexander Gardner, 1896), 34–35. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:293.

69Correspondence, 1:105–106, 111, 115.

70Correspondence, 1:81–82.

71Leaves, 310–11.

Chapter Four: The Real Precious & Royal Ones of This Land

1Memoranda, 16–18.

2Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 831. Correspondence, 1:105.

3 Correspondence, 1:111–12.

4Correspondence, 1:112. Quoted in Shively, Drum Beats, 115–16.

5Prose Works, 1:155.

6Prose Works, 1:155. Correspondence, 1:119.

7Correspondence, 1:127–28.

8Correspondence, 1:128–29.

9Leaves, 451.

10Leaves, 536.

11Correspondence, 1:118n.

12Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 132. Correspondence, 1:90–91.

13Correspondence, 1:93.

14Correspondence, 1:90–91n.

15Correspondence, 1:93.

16Correspondence, 1:106, 107, 139.

17Correspondence, 1:181, 186.

18Correspondence, 1:110, 114. Memoranda, 18.

19Correspondence, 1:113.

20McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 609–11. Faust, Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Civil War, 225–26.

21Leaves, 9. Correspondence, 1:117, 136.

22Dennis Berthold and Kenneth M. Price, eds., Dear Brother Walt: Letters of Thomas Jefferson Whitman (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1984), 65–66. Civil War Letters, 102. Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 292.

23Prose Works, 2:587–89.

24Correspondence, 1:212.

25Quoted in Shively, Drum Beats, 120. Correspondence, 1:121, 134.

26Correspondence, 1:112, 136, 137, 141, 173.

27Correspondence, 1:130, 137, 169.

28Prose Works, 2:617.

29Prose Works, 2:618.

30Bucke, The Wound Dresser, 111. Correspondence, 1:157.

31Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:137.

32Correspondence, 1:143.

33Correspondence, 1:69.

34Correspondence, 1:171.

35Correspondence, 1:171–72.

36Memoranda, 27. Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 138.

37Memoranda, 34.

38 Correspondence, 1:142, 168.

39Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:397. John Townsend Trowbridge, ‘‘Reminiscences of Walt Whitman,’’ Atlantic Monthly 89 (February 1902): 170–71.

40Correspondence, 1:80. Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 138.

41Edward J. Renehan, Jr., John Burroughs: An American Naturalist (Post Mills, Vt.: Chelsea Green, 1992), 51, 57.

42Barrus, Whitman and Burroughs, 7. Quoted in Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 307. Clara Barrus, The Life and Letters of John Burroughs, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), 1:107.

43John Burroughs, Notes on Walt Whitman as Poet and Person (New York: American Book Company, 1867), 13. Barrus, Life and Letters, 108.

44Barrus, Life and Letters, 108–109.

45Renehan, John Burroughs, 77.

46Quoted in Barrus, Whitman and Burroughs, 110.

47Barrus, Life and Letters, 109–110.

48Correspondence, 1:179, 183.

49Correspondence, 1:184. Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 236.

50Correspondence, 1:181, 185.

51Correspondence, 1:187.

52Correspondence, 1:187.

53Quoted in Shively, Calamus Lovers, 79, 84.

54Clarence Gohdes and Rollo G. Silver, eds., Faint Clews & Indirections: Manuscripts of Walt Whitman and His Family (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1949), 187–90. Berthold and Price, Dear Brother Walt, 85.

55Berthold and Price, Dear Brother Walt, 85. Randall H. Waldron, ed., Letters of Martha Mitchell Whitman (New York: New York University Press, 1977), 32–36. Correspondence, 1:189.

56Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 830.

57Calder, ‘‘Personal Recollections,’’ 831.

Chapter Five: The Melancholy Tide

1Notebooks, 2:669.

2Notebooks, 2:669.

3Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 156–57. Correspondence, 1:194.

4John M. Taylor, Garfield of Ohio: The Available Man (New York: W. W. Norton, 1970), 275–78. Leaves, 500. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:130.

5Renehan, John Burroughs, 77.

6 Renehan, John Burroughs, 78–79.

7Correspondence, 1:234n. See also Freedman, ‘‘New Light on An Old Quarrel,’’ 44–47.

8Correspondence, 1:193.

9Quoted in Bruce Catton, A Stillness at Appomattox (New York: Washington Square Press, 1958), 28–29. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 719–20.

10Correspondence, 1:196.

11Correspondence, 1:196.

12Memoranda, 29.

13Leaves, 301.

14Correspondence, 1:197. Leaves, 317.

15Correspondence, 1:197–98.

16Correspondence, 1:197–98. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:293.

17Correspondence, 1:205.

18Correspondence, 1:204.

19Correspondence, 1:205.

20Correspondence, 1:206.

21McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 722.

22Correspondence, 1:211–12.

23Noah Andre Trudeau, Bloody Roads South (Boston: Little, Brown, 1989), 116. See also Roy Morris, Jr., ‘‘Titans Clash in the Wilderness,’’ Military History (April 1997): 43–56.

24Correspondence, 1:219–21.

25Correspondence, 1:223–24. Leaves, 484.

26Civil War Letters, 119n.

27Walt Whitman, ‘‘Visits Among Army Hospitals,’’ New York Times, December 11, 1864, reprinted in Bucke, The Wound Dresser, 37. Memoranda, 32.

28Correspondence, 1:225.

29Correspondence, 1:218n, 229, 231.

30Correspondence, 1:230. Trudeau, Bloody Roads South, 304, 322.

31Catton, Stillness at Appomattox, 192. Donald, Lincoln, 513. Correspondence, 1: 231.

32Correspondence, 1:228, 230, 232.

33Correspondence, 1:233.

34Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 295–96. Correspondence, 1:324.

35Correspondence, 1:236, 238, 239n.

36 Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 310, 457. Correspondence, 1:239. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:338–39.

37Shively, Calamus Lovers, 86. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 756–57.

38Barrus, Whitman and Burroughs, 19. Donald, Lincoln, 519.

39Correspondence, 1:240–41.

40Whitman, ‘‘Visits Among Army Hospitals,’’ 41.

41Civil War Letters, 133.

42Civil War Letters, 18. Correspondence, 1:243.

43Correspondence, 1:243n.

44Walt Whitman, ‘‘The Fifty-First New York City Veterans,’’ New York Times, October 29, 1864, reprinted in Emory Holloway, ed., The Uncollected Poetry and Prose of Walt Whitman. 2 vols. (New York: Peter Smith Press, 1921), 2:37–41.

45Correspondence, 1:241. Stephen W. Sears, George McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1988), 372–76.

46Sears, George McClellan, 385. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 806.

47McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 793.

48McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 799.

49McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 798.

50Gay Wilson Allen, The Solitary Singer: A Critical Biography of Walt Whitman (New York: New York University Press, 1955), 308, 318.

51Allen, The Solitary Singer, 419. Leaves, 465–66.

52Allen, The Solitary Singer, 318–19.

53Civil War Letters, 20.

54Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 178–79.

55Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 180.

56Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 180. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, 803.

57Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:402.

58Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:401.

59Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:399. Correspondence, 1:247, 249.

Chapter Six: Retrievements Out of the Night

1Memoranda, 10. Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 298. See also Dixon Wecter, ‘‘Walt Whitman as Civil Servant,’’ PMLA 58 (December 1943): 1094–97.

2Correspondence, 1:250.

3Correspondence, 1:250.

4Correspondence, 1:253. Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 3:538, 541–42.

5 Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 2:426–27. Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 180–81.

6Civil War Letters, 23. Memoranda, 50.

7Civil War Letters, 134.

8Civil War Letters, 24.

9Memoranda, 45.

10Memoranda, 42.

11Memoranda, 43.

12Memoranda, 38.

13Memoranda, 40.

14Memoranda, 41–42.

15Prose Works, 2:622–23.

16Prose Works, 2:623–24.

17Memoranda, 44.

18Martin G. Murray, ‘‘ ‘Pete the Great’: A Biography of Peter Doyle,’’ Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 12 (Summer 1994): 12–13.

19Quoted in Shively, Calamus Lovers, 101. Murray, ‘‘ ‘Pete the Great,’ ’’ 17–18.

20Murray, ‘‘‘Pete the Great,’’’ 1–4.

21Murray, ‘‘‘Pete the Great,’’’ 4–7.

22Murray, ‘‘‘Pete the Great,’’’ 9–10.

23Murray, ‘‘‘Pete the Great,’’’ 18.

24Murray, ‘‘‘Pete the Great,’’’ 35.

25Shively, Calamus Lovers, 117–20.

26Correspondence, 1:256.

27Walt Whitman, ‘‘Return of a Brooklyn Veteran,’’ Brooklyn Eagle, March 19, 1865, reprinted in Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 88–89.

28Foote, The Civil War, 3:896.

29Correspondence, 1:257.

30Correspondence, 1: 246–47, 260n.

31Notebooks, 2:764.

32Murray, ‘‘‘Pete the Great,’’’ 15.

33Prose Works, 2:592, 593, 597. Reynolds, Walt Whitman’s America, 158–60, 441.

34Memoranda, 46–48.

35Glicksberg, Walt Whitman, 174–75.

36Memoranda, 49.

37Leaves, 329n.

38 Correspondence, 1:259.

39Memoranda, 52.

40Jack Rudolph, ‘‘The Grand Review,’’ Civil War Times Illustrated (November 1980), 38.

41John F. Marszalek, Sherman: A Soldier’s Passion for Order (New York: Free Press, 1993), 355. Rudolph, ‘‘The Grand Review,’’ 39–42.

42Correspondence, 1:260–62.

43Rudolph, ‘‘The Grand Review,’’ 43. Marszalek, Sherman, 358.

44Leaves, 322.

45Leaves, 324–25.

46Leaves, 339.

47Leaves, 330–31.

48Leaves, 331.

49Leaves, 335.

50Leaves, 336.

51Leaves, 336.

52Leaves, 336–37.

53Leaves, 321.

54Loving, Walt Whitman’s Champion, 158, 159, 162.

55Shively, Calamus Lovers, 85.

56Shively, Drum Beats, 159, 161.

57Shively, Drum Beats, 222–24.

58Leaves, 364, 366.

Epilogue: Lose Not My Sons

1Prose Works, 2:384–85. Kaplan, Walt Whitman, 335. Prose Works, 2:369–70.

2Leaves, 591–92.

3Leaves, 578.

4Memoranda, 5, 65.

5Prose Works, 2:466. Memoranda, 3.

6Prose Works, 1:81. Leaves, 498, 549.

7Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 6:362–65. Leaves, 337.

8Traubel, With Walt Whitman, 6:366. Leaves, 19, 74, 315. Memoranda, 59.