Index

Abidhamma	143, 177, 207
acheik	182-183, 190-191
Ajanta	137
alabaster	120, 141, 208-209
Alaungpaya, King	12, 13, 141, 191
Alaungsithu, King	50
altar	118, 119, 120,-123, 180, 201, 202
Amarapura	13, 16, 23, 40-43, 44, 49, 61, 70, 141, 148, 162, 191
Ananda (Buddha's brother)	55
Anawratha, King	27, 30, 50, 133
Ankor Wat	59
Angsa (Intha)	72, 73, 191
antaravasaka	138
astrologers	68, 197, 210-211
Ava (Inwa)	13, 14, 16, 23, 38-40, 43, 49, 141, 148, 152-153, 164, 207
Ava, Kingdom of	12, 16
Aw Boon Haw and Aw Boon Par	90-93
Bagan (Pagan)	13, 16, 21-23, 27-35, 50, 59, 64-67, 75, 104-107, 116-119, 126, 128, 131, 132-135, 141, 144, 147, 148, 155-159, 162-163, 174, 196-197
Bago (Pegu)	12, 127, 162-163,
Bago District	138, 141, 174
Bagyidaw, King	12, 23, 43, 44
bamahsan-chin ("Burmese-ness")	197
bamboo	60, 62, 64, 72, 75, 95, 106-107, 166, 169, 176, 183, 198, 217
Bassein area	164
Battambang	191
Bawdwin	174
Bawzaing	164, 174
Begg, John	78
Beikthano ("Vishnu City")	23, 162
bells	131, 212-213
bell, Mingun	15, 44, 131
bell, Maha Tissada	131
betel (box)	169, 173, 175
Bhamo	14
Bihar	37, 132
bilu	49, 152, 165
Bird, G W	14
Bodawpaya, King	13, 36, 40, 44, 131, 136, 143
Bodhgaya	33, 133, 134
bodhisattva	28, 33, 135, 137, 201
bodhisattvas:
Avalokiteshvara	133, 137, 140, 148, 149, 156
Mahasthamaprapta	137
Bogyoke Aung San	77
Bombay-Burmah Trading Co	12, 82
Bonvallein	80
Borobudur	59
Borassus flabellifer	177
Brahmanic images	28, 37
bronze	122, 127-129, 130-131, 136, 137, 141, 208, 212
Buddha Gotama	21, 28, 36, 53, 55, 68, 137, 143, 148, 155
Buddha images:
Amitayus (Buddha of Esoteric Life)	137
of Arakan	136-137
of Bagan	132-135
Bhaisajyaguru	143
Jambupati	134
Kakusandha	132-133
Mahamuni (Hpayagyi)	36, 120, 136-137, 198-199
of Mandalay	140-141
of Mon	138-139
Sandamuni	136-137
of Shan	143-144
Buddha sitting positions:
paryankasana	137, 138
vajrasana	136, 141, 143
Bunnag Architects, Thailand	100
Burma Road	82
Burmans	30
cabinets and chests	119, 125, 176-177, 178-179
Candacraig (Thiri Myaing) Hotel	82, 84-85
ceramics	24, 102, 106, 110-111, 121, 126, 138, 162-165
Chiang Mai	162
chinthe	38-39, 42-43, 49
Chin	191
Chindwin District	108, 125, 168-169
Chindwin River	156, 174
cinnabar	155, 156, 167, 176, 177
cire perdue	135
Comodo	90
Costumes	182-189
Corypha umbraculifera	177
Curzon, Lord	80
Dai people	131
Dawei (Tavoy)	190-191
deva	86, 125, 180
Dhamma	133, 156, 178, 212
Dhanyawadi	137
drum	131
daung-lan	171
ein-gyi (blouse or jacket)	183, 186-187, 188-189
Eravan (33-headed elephant)	143
fan (monk's)	173, 206-207
fan	185
Ficus religiosa	202
Fitch, Edward	12
Fraser and Montgomerie	78
Gangaw	191
gaung-baung	146-147, 188-189, 191
gold	174-175, 184-187
Golden Valley See Inya Myaing
Gupta	137
Hairy Family of Mandalay	17
Halin	23
Hart, Mrs Ernest	16
hintha	28, 55, 131, 138, 148, 162, 172, 173, 195
hman-si-shwe-cha	110-113, 143
Hmannandawgyi (Glass Palace), Mandalay	178
hnget-pyaw-bu (banana bud)	21, 53
Hpayathonzu	163
Hpowindaung Caves	147, 156, 158
Hsayas Chone, Saw and Myo	17
hsun-ok	125, 168-169, 171, 172-173
hta-mein (wrap-around skirt)	183, 185, 188-189
hti	21, 32, 53, 90, 198, 202, 208-209
Imperial Civil Service	98
Impaw-khun	190-191
indigo	167, 170
Indra	59, 143, 180, 218
Inle Lake	72-73, 108, 170, 191
Inya Myaing, Yangon	75, 98, 108
Irrawaddy Flotilla Co	12, 14, 15
Irrawaddy River	11, 14-16, 22, 24, 27, 31, 33, 40, 44, 46-47, 59, 86, 104, 115, 150, 174
ivory	177
Jambupati, King	134-135
Jatakas	30, 32, 40, 49, 108, 126, 148, 155-158, 162-163, 175, 194
Jatakas:
Maha-ummagga (No 546)	146-147, 194-195
Mugapakkha (No 538)	148-149
Vessantara (No 547)	149
ka-ba-owe	183
Kachina	191
Kalama pot	162
Kalat	172-173
Kaluga	127, 194-195, 218
kammavaca	126, 176-177
Kandawgyi (Royal Lake), Yangon	76-77, 78, 100
Kandawgyi Palace Hotel, Yangon	100-101
kanot	169
karaweik	53, 131
Karens	131
Karenni (Kayah) State	97
Karen Chapel, Yangon	74-75
Kaung U	80
Kayah Gayhar	97
Kaw Gun Cave	138
ketumala	138
Kengtung	170, 173
Khin-ba mound	148, 162, 174, 177
Khmer Bayon art	138
kinnara and kinnari	37, 118-119, 150, 175
Kinwun Mingyi	80
Kipling, Rudyard	11, 17
kotaute	170
Konbaung Dynasty	12, 13, 23, 75, 135, 141, 143, 148, 158, 174, 189
kun-daung	172-173
kutho (merit)	198, 202
Kyanzittha, King	27, 126, 134, 148
kyat note	202
Kyauk Myaung area	164, 165
Kyauk Taing	164
Kyaukka	108, 125, 168-169
Kyaukpyu	191
Kyaukse	111, 141, 190-191
kyaung	24, 55
kyaung taik	76-77, 86
kyeyzi (flat bell)	212-213
Kyi Thei	190-191
laay rot nam	168
lacquer	166-173, 177, 178, 201
lacquerware	64, 106, 108-109, 120, 126, 166-173
Laikha	170
lampblack	192
Lagumbye	164
Lion Throne, Mandalay palace	70-71, 180-181
lokanat	140, 148, 149
lokapala	180
longyi	121, 183, 189, 190-191, 199
lotus	134, 143, 178
Lower Burma	12, 13
lun-taya	183, 190-191
MacMahon, Major-General A Ruxton	17
mahallata robe	184-185
Mahaparinirvana	132-133, 149
Mahayana Buddhism	137
Mahosadha	147
Majolica	164
makara	137, 147, 152
Malay Peninsula	60
malliga robe	184-185
Mandalay	11, 14, 16, 17, 22, 40, 48-51, 60, 61, 68-71, 73, 128, 140-141, 148, 168, 192-193, 207, 211
Mandalay Hill	48-50, 94-95
Mandalay palace	17, 49, 50, 58-59, 68-71, 95, 149
Manipur	191
Manshu chronicle	126, 162
manuthiha	40, 86
manuscripts	126, 176-177
Mara	127, 134, 163, 195
Martaban jar	164
Maymyo ("Maytown")	82-85
marionettes	218-221
medicines	197
Meiktila	191
Melanorrhoea usitata	167
Meru, Mount	25, 44, 59, 150, 180, 202
Metteya (Future Buddha)	149
Middleton, J Raeburn	11, 13
Mindon, King	12, 16, 38, 40, 49, 61, 68, 70, 148-149, 152, 194
Mingun	15, 23, 40, 44-45
Minnanthu	64, 65
Minshinsaw, Prince	50
Mogok	208
Moggallana	140, 143, 148, 149
Mohnin Sayadaw U Kyauk Lon	90
Mon area	137, 138-139
Mon people	13, 30, 40, 126, 134, 138-139, 149, 164
monasteries:
Ananda Okkaung	158
Atumashi	25, 49, 50, 152-153
Bagaya	25, 38-39, 144-145, 178
Maha Aungmye Bonzan	38-39, 152-153
Nga Phe	143
Queen's, Mandalay	21, 25
Shwe-in-bin	17, 49, 146, 165
Shwenandaw	25, 49, 148-149
Taungbi	158
Thakawun ("Self-designated")	80
Thatta Htarna	42-43
Yoe Soe	146-147, 149
Mong Kung	164
Mongols	13
Monywa	90-93, 156, 168, 191
Moulmein (Mawlamyine)	11, 138
mulberry tree	21, 176-177, 192-193
Museum, Bagan	133, 165
Museum, Mrauk-U	137, 165
Museum, Yangon	160, 174
Mrauk-U	36-37, 137, 164, 174, 191
Muang Singh complex	138
mudras:
abhaya	135, 140-141
anjali	144, 150
bhumisparsa	132-133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 143, 208
dhammacakka	132-133, 156
dhyana	137
vitarka	138
vajrahumkara	135
varada	134, 138, 156
vitarka	158
protection from danger by giving	116-117
protection from danger by teaching	116-117
mural paintings	24, 27-33, 43, 47, 126, 147, 154-159, 189
Myaung Mya	164
Myinkaba village	63, 64, 106, 162
myrobalan fruit	141, 143
na-tha	197, 214-215
naga	38, 40-41, 103, 184-185
nagin	134-135, 137, 143
Nakhon Pathom	30
nats	22, 23, 24, 53, 55, 120, 150-151, 192, 201, 204-205, 212, 214, 217, 218
nats:
nat shrine	104, 204-205
naya	40-43, 144-145
neem tree	168
Nikko Royal Lake Hotel, Yagon	102-103
Novotel Mandalay	94-95
Nyaung U	33
Nyaungshwe Valley	143
ochre	155, 156
Onhmin Thonze caves	46-47
orpiment	155, 156, 167, 170
opium weights	131
paddy boat (laung-zat)	15
Pagan See Bagan
page boy (thu-nge-daw)	217
pagodas:
Ajapala	163, 164
Botataung	113
Bupaya	24, 26-27
Dukkanthein (Htukkanthein)	37
Eindawya	136
Hshinbyume	44-45
Jinamanaung	164
Kaunghmudaw	47
Kuthodaw	49-51
Kyaik De-ap	138
Kyaiktyo	55
Kyauktyo	55
Kyauktawgyi	43, 160
Kyontu	138, 162
Ley Myet Nha	36-37
Linamanaung	165
Mahamuni (Hpayagyi)	22, 136, 137, 197, 211
Maha Vijaya	55
Mingalazedi	163
Mingun	44-45
Mohnin Thamboddhe	90
Nagayon (Amarapura)	43
Nga-kwe-na-daung	24, 29
Patodawgyi	40, 43
Sandamuni	50
Shwechettho	141
Shwedagon	16, 17, 23, 52-57, 131, 140, 197
Shwegugyi	163, 164
Shweizayan	138
Shwekyimyint	22, 50, 136
Shwesandaw	27
Shwezigon	27, 50, 144
Soon U Ponya Shin	47
Sulamani, Mt Meru	45
Thagyapaya	162
Yadana Myitzu	158
pahso (lower garment)	186-187, 188-189
Pakokku	191
Paleik	191
palm leaves	177
palm thatch	60, 62, 64-67, 72, 95, 104-105
palmists	197, 210-211
palmyra palm	177
palin	50
Pansea Hotel, Yangon	96-97
Pala	133, 134
Palladio	80
papier-mache	217
parabaik	21, 126, 176-177, 184-185, 192-193
pavilions (zayap)	95, 102, 116
Pindaya Caves	143
pongyi (ordained monk)	13, 207
Popa, Mount	120, 204-205
punkah-fan	77
pwe drama	110, 197, 214-215, 218
Pyadalin Cave	125, 162
pyat-that	21, 22, 24, 28, 29, 39, 49, 53, 54, 68, 70, 100, 144, 147
Pyay (Prome)	191
Pyin U Lwin	82
pyinsayupa (5-part creature)	173, 180
Pyu	133, 138, 174
Pyu peoples	22, 30, 126, 133, 162, 183
Pyu sites/area	23, 24, 125, 137
Rakhine (Arakan) State	12, 36-37, 136-137, 173, 174, 191
Rangoon See Yangon
Ransome, James	78
rattan	96, 98-99
Raven-Hart, Major R	17
Richards, C J	76
rubies	14, 185
sa-si-gyo	183
sadaik	178-179
sandalwood	207
Sa-le	134, 141, 146-147, 176-177
Sagaing	23, 40, 46-47, 61, 86-89, 174, 207
Sagaing Nunnery	149, 173
Sagyin	208
saing-baung	25, 147, 180-181
sal we	185, 186-187, 214
samanera (novice monk)	207
San Khan	191
Sanka	164
Sangha	38, 63, 90, 178, 183, 207, 212
sanghati	134, 141
Sariputta	140, 143, 148, 149
saung-ma-gyi	38-39
sayadaw (Buddhist master)	197
Scott, Sir George	16, 189
Scott O'Connor, V C	11
Second Anglo-Burmese War	14, 68, 75, 78
Sedona Hotel, Yangon	95
sein-daung	40
Selagiri Hill	137
Shan Hills	47, 50, 82
Shan Plateau	72, 73
Shan State	108, 137, 143, 162, 164, 170-171, 174, 191
Shans	13
shin-pyu	63, 197, 198, 201, 214-215
Shin Saw Mingalay	49
Shin Thiwali	148
Shin Upagok	148
shwe-zawa	168, 170-171
Shwebo	13, 141
Shwedaung	191
Si	183, 188-189, 190-191
Siddhattha, Prince	126, 133, 148, 155, 195, 214
singha lion	201
silver	121, 164, 174-175, 184-187
sikhara	28, 32, 33
Singuttara Hill	53
Sittwe	191
Slim General	17
Sri Lanka	135
Srikshetra (Prome or Pyay)	22-24, 138, 148, 162
Strand Hotel, Yangon	15, 78
stucco	29, 50, 75-77, 152-153
Supyalat, Queen	12, 13, 185
suttas (discourses of the Buddha)	141
Symes, Michael	13, 160
Taiwan	60
Tak/Omkoi area, Thailand	164-165
talipot palm	177
tangu-daing	148
Taninthayi Division (Tenasserim)	62-63, 72
tattoos	147, 187, 192-193
Taungthaman	125, 162
Taungthaman Lake	43
Tavatimsa heaven	44, 143, 180
tazaung (pavilion)	53, 55
teak	14, 38, 50, 59, 60, 66, 68, 75, 80, 87, 90, 92, 97, 100, 106, 108, , 117, 120, 178
temples:
Ananda	13, 21, 27, 28, 43, 133, 152-153, 163, 197
Andaw	37
Abayedana	156
Chaukpayahlange	147
Dhammayangyi	30-31, 133
Gawdawpalin	32-33
Hpayathonzu	33, 147, 156
Htilominlo	33
Kubyaukgyi	106, 155
Leidatgyi	38, 152-153
Lokahteikpan	147, 155
Mahabodhi	32-33,
Mahabodhi, Bodhgaya	32-33, 133-134
Myinkaba Kubyaukgyi	152
Nagayon (Bagan)	28, 144, 155
Nan pay a	24, 28
Pahtothamya	155
Shitthaung	36-37
Sulamani	33-35, 158
Thambula	33, 158
Thatbyinnyu	31
Tennasserim	12
textiles	102, 106, 108, 120, 182-183, 190-191
thabeik (alms bowl)	13, 21, 55, 172
Tha-lei (Inle Lake)	170, 190-191
Thagyamin (Indra)	180
thanaka powder	11, 119, 197
Thandwei	191
Thapye Auk	191
Tharawaddy, King	40
Thaton	30, 55, 138, 162
Thayekhittaya	22-24, 138, 148, 162, 174,
thayo	143, 170, 172-173, 177
thein	75
Theravada Buddhism	50
Thibaw, King	12, 13, 16, 17, 49 , 59, 133, 185, 189
Thiriyap	64
thrones	70-71, 180-181
Thurathati (Svarasvati)	148, 213
ticivara	183
Tilawkagura Caves	47, 156, 158
Tin U	78
Tipitika	50, 51, 143, 177
too	131
Trench Gascoigne, Gwendoline	14
Tripe, Linnaeus	141
Tsaya	64
Twante	138, 164, 191
Upper Burma	12, 14, 17
urna	133
ushnisha	134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 143
uttarasangha	134, 138, 141
vermilion	192
Vesali (Wethali)	36-37, 174
vidhyadhara	144
Vinaya (monastic code)	177, 207
Visakarman, King	137
Wa people	131
Wathundaye	148
Waw	162
weaving, cloth and baskets	64
weiza (master of the occult)	54-55
Wet Kyi-in	189
Wills, A W	13
woodcarving	24, 102, 117, 120, 126-127, 144-151
World War II	75, 80
yakan zin (loom)	183
Yangon	11, 13, 14, 22, 53, 73, 75, 78-79, 95, 97, 98, 100, 108-115, 120-123, 131, 138, 174
Yangon River	115
yantras	176
Yaunghwe town, Inle Lake	61
yun	167-171
Yunnan	131
Ywama, Inle Lake	73, 143, 170, 174
zatar (natal chart)	211
zawgyi (alchemist)	218
zayat (rest-house)	40, 55
zee-kwet (owl)	217
zeidi (stupa, pagoda)	21, 45, 53, 90, 197-199
ziwaka (herbalist)	92