1. See George Eliot, Daniel Deronda (New York: Penguin Books, 1995 [1876]), 430. See also Michal Nielsen’s Facebook post on what he calls “volitional philanthropy,” https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=224735391342335&id=100014176268390.
2. See Audie Cornish, “Rare National Buzz Tipped Obama’s Decision to Run,” All Things Considered, National Public Radio, November 19, 2007, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16364560.
3. On this process of how the mentee comes to see a different and more ambitious future, see, for instance, Cathy Freeman, “The Crystallizing Experience: A Study in Musical Precocity,” Gifted Child Quarterly 43, no. 2 (Spring 1999): 75–85, and Patricia A. Cameron, Carol J. Mills, and Thomas E. Heinzen, “The Social Context and Developmental Pattern of Crystallizing Experiences Among Academically Talented Youth,” Roeper Review 17, no. 3 (February 1995): 197–200.
4. See, for instance, Seth Gershenson, Cassandra M. D. Hart, Joshua Hyman, Constance Lindsay, and Nicholas W. Papageorge, “The Long-Run Impacts of Same-Race Teachers,” National Bureau of Economic Research working paper 25254, November 2018.
5. See Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, et al., “A Multifaceted Program Causes Lasting Progress for the Very Poor: Evidence from Six Countries,” Science 348, no. 6236 (May 15, 2015). The quotation is from the podcast Conversations with Tyler, Abhijit Banerjee episode, released December 30, 2019, https://medium.com/@mercatus/abhijit-banerjee-tyler-cowen-economics-markets-ceda4b520b62?.
6. Daniel Gross, “Introducing Pioneer,” Medium, August 10, 2018, https://medium.com/pioneerdotapp/introducing-pioneer-e18769d2e4d0.