Bibliography

Introduction

There are over 3,500 items in G. Sebba’s annotated Cartesian bibliography, Bibliographia Cartesiana: A Critical Guide to the Descartes Literature 1800–1960. The post-1960 Descartes literature is even more extensive, but students of Descartes will soon have at their disposal the continuation of Sebba; in press right now is: J.-R. Armogathe, V. Carraud, and M. Savini, Bibliographia cartesiana II. Henceforth the post-1960 Descartes literature will not have to be pieced together from disparate sources. Given the availability of such massive Cartesian bibliographies, the present bibliography (of approximately 700 items) concentrates on the more important sources. It is divided into four parts: 1) editions of Descartes’s works; 2) editions of the works of other, mostly 17th-century thinkers referred to in this Dictionary; 3) secondary literature on Descartes; and 4) secondary literature on Cartesians and other relevant 17th-century thinkers.

In this introductory essay, we highlight and comment on some of the more useful (mostly English-language) items from our list. The standard edition of Descartes’s works is the 11-volume Oeuvres de Descartes, edited by C. Adam and P. Tannery, begun in the 1890s and given a second, expanded edition in the 1970s. “AT,” as it is referred to, is an impressive accomplishment; it is especially important because of its editorial apparatus; however, it may be showing its age. At present it can be supplemented in two directions: first by the handy, searchable database edited by A. Gombay et al., Oeuvres complètes de René Descartes, and second by the Conte Editore exact reprints of the works of Descartes, which give readers the look and feel of the originals. Better annotations than those in AT will be found in the forthcoming three-volume French-language Pleiades edition of the works of Descartes, the first two volumes edited by J.-M. Beyssade et al. and the third volume of correspondence by J.-R. Armogathe.

The most comprehensive English-language edition of Descartes’s works is the two-volume Philosophical Writings of Descartes, edited and translated by J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, and D. Murdoch, with a third volume of Descartes’s correspondence by the same trio and A. Kenny. This collection contains entire translations of Descartes’s major works plus selections from his other works and correspondence. One can supplement it with the complete English translations of Principles of Philosophy by V. R. Miller and R. P. Miller, The World by S. Gaukroger, and Discourse on Method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology by P. Olscamp. The first two volumes of Descartes in Seventeenth-Century England, edited by R. Ariew and D. Garber, provide those works of Descartes translated into English during the 17th century: Compendium of musick (1653), Mechanicks (1661), A discourse of a method (1649), Six metaphysical meditations with objections by Thomas Hobbes (1680), and Passions of the soule (1650). Philosophical Essays and Correspondence, edited by R. Ariew, is a single volume of Descartes’s works, chronologically ordered together with some of his correspondence.

There are three new English-language biographies of Descartes: S. Gaukroger, Descartes: An Intellectual Biography; G. Rodis-Lewis, Descartes: His Life and Thought, and R. Watson, Cogito, Ergo Sum: The Life of René Descartes. However, the standard and still indispensable Descartes biography is the 17th-century, two-volume work by Adrien Baillet, La Vie de M. Descartes, based on the memoirs of people who had known Descartes personally (Claude Clerselier, Pierre-Hector Chanut, and others); Baillet had access to documents and manuscripts lost long ago. He also issued a single-volume Abregé de la Vie de Monsieur Des-Cartes. This volume was translated into English in 1693 (and reprinted in volume 3 of Descartes in Seventeenth-Century England). What is important about the one-volume abridgment is that it functions as a second edition of the Life of Descartes. There are numerous corrections and tidbits in it not found in the two-volume biography.

As important as his work may be, Baillet was still a historian, writing his history some 40 years after Descartes’s death, and his historiography may be questionable. While not quite hagiography, it still needed to turn Descartes’s family into a noble family, etc. Moreover, Baillet’s history was written for polemic purposes (as part of Jansenist attacks on the Jesuits). We have learned much about Descartes that Baillet did not know. This is where the new biographies might help. In effect, Rodis-Lewis takes it as her task to confront Baillet. She corrects his chronology, his account of Descartes’s family history, and his recital of Descartes’s travels. More importantly, she shows us that others read his manuscripts quite differently, complaining that Baillet’s “translations” of now-lost documents are more like paraphrases. Rodis-Lewis’s biography concentrates on the details of Descartes’s life and how these details might allow us to understand better the works of a 17th-century Descartes. Gaukroger, in contrast, is more interested in showing us Descartes the scientist-mathematician. He wages war against a recent past that elevates Descartes as the “father of modern philosophy” in opposition to the Descartes who, as he reminds us more than once, is more interested in the fruits of philosophical labor, who thinks that metaphysical questions draw the mind too far away from physical and observable things, and make it unfit to study them. Similarly, Watson’s biography, written for a more general audience, rejects what Watson takes to be a French Catholic apologetic tradition, begun by Baillet and continued by Rodis-Lewis (allegedly members of the “Saint Descartes Protection Society”) to elevate and ennoble the details of Descartes’s life.

As for Descartes’s philosophy, one can begin its study with something like G. Hatfield’s guidebook to the Meditations, Descartes and the Meditations, or J. C. Cottingham’s Cambridge Companion to Descartes, a collection of commissioned articles on Cartesian topics. Or one can set Descartes’s philosophy into its broader context by reading selected chapters of the two-volume Cambridge History of Seventeenth Century Philosophy, edited by D. Garber and M. Ayers. (One can also consult as background the essays in the Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, edited by C. B. Schmitt, Q. Skinner, and E. Kessler.) J.-L. Marion’s studies in Descartes’s metaphysics and theology are important; his On Descartes’ Metaphysical Prism: The Constitution and Limits of Onto-theo-logy in Cartesian Thought has been translated into English and translations of his other works are in preparation. There are valuable studies of Descartes’s physics—for example, D. Garber, Descartes’ Metaphysical Physics, and D. Des Chene, Physiologia: Philosophy of Nature in Descartes and the Aristotelians—as well as of Descartes’s biological thought—D. Des Chene, Spirits and Clocks: Machine and Organism in Descartes, and its predecessor volume, Life’s Form: Late Aristotelian Conceptions of the Soul. There are also studies of Descartes’s ethical thought, such as J. Marshall, Descartes’s Moral Theory. R. Ariew, in Descartes and the Last Scholastics, investigates the relation between Descartes’s thought and that of the scholastics; T. M. Lennon compares the philosophies of Descartes and Gassendi in The Battle of the Gods and Giants: The Legacies of Descartes and Gassendi, 1655–1715; and T. Verbeek studies the reception of Descartes’s philosophy in the Netherlands during Descartes’s life, in Descartes and the Dutch: Early Reactions to Cartesianism (1637–1650). The relations between Descartes and the objectors to his Meditations are studied by the various contributors to the collection of essays edited by R. Ariew and M. Grene, Descartes and His Contemporaries: Meditations, Objections and Replies.

The bibliographical situation with the other relevant 17th-century thinkers is more complex. There are standard editions and a growing number of English translations of the major works of the primary figures, such as Galileo Galilei, Thomas Hobbes, G. W. Leibniz, Nicolas Malebranche, and Baruch Spinoza; there is an increasing number of intellectual biographies of these thinkers and valuable studies of their works. For Galileo, one can mention S. Drake’s biography, Galileo at Work, and the studies by A. Koyré, Galileo Studies, and M. Clavelin, The Natural Philosophy of Galileo. The Cambridge Companion to Galileo, edited by P. Machamer, can provide a good introduction to Galileo’s thought. For Hobbes, one can begin with the various essays in The Cambridge Companion to Hobbes, edited by T. Sorell. D. Jesseph supplies a valuable study of Hobbes’s mathematics in Squaring the Circle: The War between Hobbes and Wallis. For Leibniz, there is E. J. Aiton’s Leibniz: A Biography, the essays in The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz, edited by N. Jolley, and the studies by R. C. Sleigh, Leibniz and Arnauld: A Commentary on Their Correspondence, and C. Mercer, Leibniz’s Metaphysics: Its Origins and Development. One can delve into Malebranche with the assistance of The Cambridge Companion to Malebranche, edited by S. Nadler. One can also read Nadler’s Malebranche and Ideas or T. M. Schmaltz, Malebranche’s Theory of the Soul: A Cartesian Interpretation. Finally, with Spinoza, one can read Nadler’s biography, Spinoza: A Life, D. Garrett’s collection of essays, The Cambridge Companion to Spinoza, or the studies of H. A. Wolfson, The Philosophy of Spinoza, A. Donagan, Spinoza, and E. M. Curley, Behind the Geometrical Method: A Reading of Spinoza’s Ethics.

There are few modem editions and even fewer English translations or analyses of the works of the “lesser” 17th-century figures, including most of the Cartesians. One can mention in this category the useful background study of colleges and universities during Descartes’s time by L. W. B. Brockliss, French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: A Cultural History, and the selection of background primary texts, Descartes’ Meditations: Background Source Materials, edited and translated by R. Ariew, J. Cottingham, and T. Sorell. There are a number of excellent studies of Descartes’s influence in the 17th century: for example, R. A. Watson, The Downfall of Cartesianism 1673–1712 (mostly about Simon Foucher); E. Harth, Cartesian Women: Versions and Subversions of Rational Discourse in the Old Regime; D. M. Clarke, Occult Powers and Hypotheses: Cartesian Natural Philosophy under Louis XIV; and T. M. Schmaltz, Radical Cartesianism: The French Reception of Descartes (primarily about Robert Desgabets and Pierre-Sylvain Régis). Moreover, there are valuable examinations of particular figures and their relations to Descartes—for example, for Marin Mersenne: P. R. Dear, Mersenne and the Learning of the Schools; for Pierre Gassendi: L. Joy, Gassendi the Atomist: Advocate of History in an Age of Science; for Antoine Arnauld: S. Nadler, Arnauld and the Cartesian Philosophy of Ideas; and for Henry More: A. R. Hall, Henry More and the Scientific Revolution, and Henry More: Magic, Religion and Experiment.

Texts and Editions: Descartes

Descartes, René. Discours de la methode pour bien conduire sa raison et chercher la verité dans les sciences. Plus La dioptrique. Les meteores. Et La geometrie. Qui sont des essais de cete methode. Leiden, 1637. (Reprint, Lecce: Conte, 1987.)

———. Meditationes de prima philosophia, in qua Dei existentia, et animae immortalitas demonstratur. Paris, 1641.

———. Meditationes de prima philosophia, In quibus Dei existentia, et animae humanae à corpore distinctio, demonstratur. Amsterdam, 1642. (Reprint, Lecce: Conte, 1992.)

———. Principia philosophiae. Paris, 1644. (Reprint, Lecce: Conte, 1994.)

———. Specimina Philosophiae. Amsterdam, 1644. (Reprint, Lecce: Conte, 1998.)

———. Les principes de la philosophie. Paris, 1647.

———. Les méditations métaphysiques de René Descartes touchant la premiere philosophie dans lesquelles l’existence de Dieu, et la distinction réelle entre l’ame et le corps de l’homme, sont demonstrées. Paris, 1647.

———. Les passions de l’âme. Paris, 1649. (Reprint, Lecce: Conte, 1996.)

———. Passiones Animae, Amsterdam, 1650. (Reprint, Lecce: Conte, 1997.)

———. Lettres de Mr Descartes. Edited by C. Clerselier (3 vols.). Paris, 1657–67.

———. L’Homme de René Descartes, et un Traité de la Formation du Foetus du mesme Autheur, Avec les Remarques de Louys de la Forge . . . sur le Traitte de l’Homme de René Descartes, et sur les Figures par luy inventées. Paris, 1664.

———. L’Homme de René Descartes, et la Formation du Foetus, avec les Remarques de Louis de la Forge. A quoy l’on a ajouté Le Monde, ou Traité de la Lumiere, du mesme Autheur. Paris, 1677.

———. Descartes: Correspondence publiée avec une introduction et des notes. Edited by C. Adam and G. Milhaud (8 vols.). Paris: Alcan and Presses Universitaires de France, 1936–63.

———. The Geometry of René Descartes: With a Facsimile of the First Edition, 1637. Translated by D. E. Smith and M. L. Latham. New York: Dover Publications, 1954.

———. Lettres à Regius et remarques sur l’explication de l’esprit humain. Edited by G. Rodis-Lewis. Paris: Vrin, 1959.

———. Oeuvres philosophiques. Edited by F. Alquié (3 vols.). Paris: Garnier, 1963.

———. Discours de la méthode. Texte et commentaire par Etienne Gilson, 4th ed. (Bibliothèque des Textes Philosophiques: Textes et Commentaires). Paris: Vrin, 1967 [first ed. 1925].

———. Philosophical Letters. Translated by A. Kenny. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

———. Treatise of Man. Translated by T. S. Hall. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972.

———. Conversation with Burman. Translated by J. Cottingham. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.

———. Règles utiles et claires pour la direction de l’esprit en la recherche de la vérité. Edited and translated by J.-L. Marion. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1977.

———. L’entretien avec Burman. Edited by J. M. Beyssade. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1981.

———. Principles of Philosophy. Translated by V. R. Miller and R. P. Miller. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1983.

———. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Edited and translated by J. Cottingham, R. Stoothoff, D. Murdoch, and A. Kenny (3 vols.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984–91.

———. The Passions of the Soul. Translated by S. Voss. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett, 1986.

———. Abrégé de la musique. Compendium musicae. Edited and translated by F. de Buzon. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1987.

———. Oeuvres de Descartes. Edited by C. Adam and P. Tannery (11 vols.). Paris: Vrin, 1996 [original ed. Paris: Cerf, 1897–1913].

———. Le Monde, L’Homme. Edited by A. Bitbol-Hesperies and J.-P. Verdet. Paris: Seuil, 1996.

———. The World and Other Writings. Translated by Stephen Gaukroger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

———. Meditations and Other Metaphysical Writings. Edited and translated by D. S. Clarke. London: Penguin, 1998.

———. Discourse on Method and Related Writings. Edited and translated by D. S. Clarke. London: Penguin, 1999.

———. Philosophical Essays and Correspondence. Edited by R. Ariew. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett, 2000.

———. Écrits physiologiques et médicaux. Edited by V. Aucante. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2000.

———. Discourse on Method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology. Translated by P. J. Olscamp. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett, 2001.

———. Oeuvres complètes de René Descartes. Connaught Descartes project. Edited by André Gombay et al. Charlottesville, Va.: InteLex, 2001. http://pastmasters2000.nlx.com.

Texts and Editions: Other Writers

Abra de Raconis, Charles François d’. Totius philosophiae, hoc est logicae, moralis, physicae, et metaphysicae. Paris, 1633 [with numerous other editions].

———. Tertia pars philosophiae, seu Physica. Paris, 1651.

Ariew, Roger, John Cottingham, and Tom Sorell, eds. and trans. Descartes’ Meditations: Background Source Materials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Ariew, Roger, and Daniel Garber, eds. Descartes in Seventeenth-Century England (10 vols.). Bristol: Thoemmes, 2002.

Aristotle. The Complete Works of Aristotle. Edited by J. Barnes (2 vols.). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Arnauld, Antoine. Oeuvres de Messire Antoine Arnauld, docteur de la maison et société de Sorbonne (43 vols.). Paris, 1775–83 [repr. Brussels: Culture et Civilisation, 1965–67].

———. On True and False Ideas. Translated by S. Gaukroger. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990.

Babin, François. Journal ou relation fidele de tout ce qui s’est passé dans l’université d’Angers au sujet de la philosophie de Des Carthes en l’execution des ordres du Roy pendant les années 1675, 1676, 1677, et 1678. Angers, 1679.

Bacon, Francis. The Works of Francis Bacon. Edited by J. Spedding, R. L. Ellis, and D. D. Heath (14 vols.). London: Longmans, 1857–74 [repr. Stuttgart: Frommann, 1989].

Basso, Sebastian. Philosophia naturalis adversus Aristotelem libri XII, in quibus abstrusa veterum physiologia restauratur, et Aristotelis errores solidis rationibus refelluntur. Geneva, 1621 [2nd ed. Amsterdam, 1649].

Bayle, Pierre. Projet et fragmens d’un Dictionnaire critique. Rotterdam, 1692.

———. Dictionnaire historique et critique. Rotterdam, 1697 [with numerous other editions].

———. Oeuvres diverses (4 vols.). The Hague, 1727 [repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1964–68].

———. Historical and Critical Dictionary, 2nd ed. London, 1734–38 [1st ed. 1710, repr. New York: Garland, 1984].

———, ed. Recueil de quelques pièces curieuses concernant la philosophie de M. Descartes. Amsterdam, 1684.

Beeckman, Isaac. Journal tenu par Isaac Beeckman de 1604 à 1634. Edited by C. de Waard (4 vols.). The Hague: Nijhoff, 1939–53.

Bernier, François. Abrégé de la philosophie de Gassendi (7 vols.). Lyon, 1678 [with numerous other editions].

Bérulle, Pierre de. Oeuvres complètes. Edited by J. P. Migne. Paris, 1846.

Bossu, R. le. Parallèle des principes de la physique d’Aristote et de celle de Descartes. Paris, 1674 [repr. Paris: Vrin, 1981].

Bourdin, Pierre. Prima geometriae elementa. Paris, 1639.

———. Geometria, nova methodo. Paris, 1640.

———. L’introduction à la mathématique, contenant les coignaissances, et pratiques necéssaires à ceux qui commencent d’apprendre les mathématiques. Le tout tiré des élémens d’Euclide rengez et demonstrez d’une façon plus briève, et plus facile que l’ordinaire. Paris, 1643.

———. Sol flamma sive tractatus de sole, ut flamma est, eiusque pabulosol exurens montes, et radios igneos exsufflans Eccles. 43. Aphorismi analogici parvi mundi ad magnum magni ad parvuum. Paris, 1646.

———. L’architecture militaire ou l’art de fortifier les places regulières et irregulières. Paris, 1655.

———. Le dessein ou la perspective militaire. Paris, 1655.

———. Cours de mathématique. 3rd ed. Paris, 1661.

Boyle, Robert. The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle. Edited by T. Birch (6 vols.). London, 1772 [repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1965].

Bruno, Giordano. Opere latine. Edited by F. Fiorentino et al. Naples and Florence: Morano, 1879–91 [repr. Stuttgart: Frommann, 1969].

———. Dialoghi italiana. Edited by G. Gentile and G. Aquilecchia. Florence: Sanson, 1957.

———. The Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast. Translated by Arthur D. Imerti. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1964.

———. Cause, Principle, and Unity. Translated by J. Lindsay. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976.

Charleton, Walter. The Darknes of Atheism Dispelled by the Light of Nature. London, 1652.

———. Physiologia Epicuro-Gassendo-Charltoniana: Or a fabrick of science natural, upon the hypothesis of atoms, founded by Epicurus, repaired by Petrus Gassendus, augmented by Walter Charleton. London, 1654 [repr. New York and London: Johnson, 1966].

———. Epicurus’s Morals. London, 1656.

———. The Immortality of the Soul. London, 1657.

———. A Natural History of the Passions. London, 1674.

———. Enquiries into Human Nature. London, 1680.

Charron, Pierre. Of Wisdome Three Books. Translated by S. Lennard. London, 1606.

———. Oeuvres (2 vols.). Paris, 1635 [repr. Geneva: Slatkine, 1970].

Chauvin, Stephanus. Lexicon philosophicum. 2nd ed. (1st ed.: 1692). Leeuwarden, 1713 [repr. Düsseldorf: Stern-Verlag Janssen & Co., 1967].

Clauberg, Johannes. Opera omnia philosophica. Edited by J. T. Schalbruch (2 vols.). Amsterdam, 1691 [repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1968].

Clave, Etienne de. Positiones publicae. Paris, 1624.

———. Paradoxes ou Traittez Philosophiques. Paris, 1635.

———. Nouvelle lumière philosophique. Paris, 1641.

Clavius, Christopher. Opera mathematica. Rome, 1611–12.

Collegium Conimbricense. In octo libros physicorum Aristotelis. Coimbra, 1592.

———. In tres libros de anima Aristotelis. Coimbra, 1598.

———. In quatuor libros de coelo, meteorologicos et parva naturalia Aristotelis Stagiritae. Cologne, 1603.

———. In universam dialecticam Aristotelis. Coimbra, 1606.

———. In libros de generatione et corruptione Aristotelis Stagiritae. Mainz, 1606.

Cordemoy, Gérauld de. Les Oeuvres de Feu Monsieur de Cordemoy. Paris, 1704.

———. Oeuvres Philosophiques. Edited by P. Clair and F. Girbal (Le mouvement des idées au XVIIe siècle). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1968.

Cousin, V. Fragments de philosophie cartésienne. Paris, 1845 [2nd ed. 1866].

Cureau de la Chambre, Marin. Nouvelles pensées sur les causes de la lumière, du débordement du Nil et de l’amour d’inclination. Paris, 1634.

———. Traité de la connoissance des animaux. Paris, 1647.

———. Les caractères des passions. Paris, 1648.

———. Nouvelles observations et conjectures sur l’iris. Paris, 1650.

———. La lumière. Paris, 1657.

———. Les caractères des passions (vols. I–II). Amsterdam, 1658.

———. Les charactères des passions, volumes III et IV: haine, douleur. Paris, 1659.

———. L’art de connoistre les hommes. Première partie où sont contenus les discours préliminaire. Paris, 1659.

———. Les charactères des passions, volume V: larmes, crainte, désespoir. Paris, 1662.

———. Le Système de l’âme. Paris, 1664.

———. L’art de connoistre les hommes. Partie troisième qui contient la défense de l’extension des parties libres de l’âme. Paris, 1666.

———. Discours de l’amitié et de la haine qui se trouvent envers les animaux. Paris, 1667.

———. Traité de la connoissance des animaux. Edited by O. Le Guern. Paris: Fayard, 1989.

Daniel, Gabriel. Voiage du Monde de Descartes. Paris, 1690.

———. Nouvelles difficultés proposées par un péripatéticien à l’auteur du Voyage du monde de Descartes. Paris, 1693 [repr. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1970].

———. Entretiens de Cléandre et d’Eudoxe sur les Lettres provinciales de Pascal. Cologne and Rouen, 1694.

Desgabets, Robert. Critique de la critique de la recherche de la vérité. Paris, 1675.

———. Oeuvres Philosophiques inédites. Edited by J. Beaude. Amsterdam: Quadratures, 1983.

Digby, Kenelm. A conference with a Lady about choyce of religion. Paris, 1638.

———. Observations upon Religio Medici. London, 1643.

———. Two Treatises. In the one of which the Nature of Bodies; in the other, the Nature of Mans Soule; is looked into: in the way of discovery, of the Immortality of Reasonable Soules. Paris, 1644 [repr. New York: Garland, 1978].

———. Observations upon Religio Medici. . . . The second Edition corrected and amended. London, 1644 [repr. Menston: The Scholar Press, 1973].

———. Discours fait en une célèbre assemblée . . . touchant la guérison des playes par la poudre de sympathie. Paris, 1658.

———. A Late Discourse Made in a Solemne Assembly of Nobles and Learned Men of Montpellier in France . . . Touching the Cure of Wounds by the Powder of Sympathy, with Instructions How to Make the Said Powder, Whereby Many Other Secrets of Nature Are Unfolded. London, 1658.

Drake, S., and I. E. Drabkin, eds. Mechanics in Sixteenth-Century Italy. Selections from Tartaglia, Benedetti, Guido Ubaldo, and Galileo (The University of Wisconsin Publications in Medieval Science). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.

Du Hamel, Jean. Reflexions critiques sur le système cartésien de la philosophie de M. Regis. Paris, 1692.

———. Lettre de Monsieur Du Hamel, ancien professeur de philosophie de l’Université de Paris, pour servir de replique à Monsieur Régis. Paris, 1699.

———. Philosophia universalis, sive commentarius in universam Aristotelis philosophiam ad usum scholarum comparatam quaedam recentiorum philosophorum ac praesertim Cartesii propositiones damnatae ac prohibitae. Paris, 1705.

Du Hamel, Jean-Baptiste. Astronomia physica. Paris, 1660.

———. De meteoris et fossilibus libri duo. Paris, 1660.

———. De consensu veteris et novae philosophiae. Paris, 1663.

———. Philosophia vetus et nova ad usum scholae accomodata. Paris, 1678.

Dupleix, Scipion. La curiosité naturelle redigée en questions, selon l’ordre alphabetique. Paris, 1606.

———. L’Ethique ou Philosophie morale. Paris, 1610.

———. Corps de philosophie, contenant la logique, l’ethique, La physique, et la metaphysique. Geneva, 1623.

———. La logique. Paris: Fayard, 1984.

———. La physique. Edited by R. Ariew. Paris: Fayard, 1990.

———. La métaphysique. Edited by R. Ariew. Paris: Fayard, 1991.

———. L’ethique. Edited by R. Ariew. Paris: Fayard, 1993.

Eustachius a Sancto Paulo. Summa philosophiae quadripartita, de rebus Dialecticis, Ethicis, Physicis, et Metaphysicis. Paris, 1609 [with numerous other editions].

———. Summa theologiae tripartita. Paris, 1613–16.

Fabri, Honoré. Tractatus physicus de motu locali, in quo effectus omnes, qui ad impetum, motum naturalem, violentum, et mixtum pertinent, explicantur, et ex principiis physicis demonstrantur. Edited by P. Mousnier. Lyon, 1646.

———. Philosophiae tomus primus. Lyon, 1646.

———. Physica, id est, scientia rerum corporearum, in decem tractatus distributa. Lyon, 1669–71.

———. De plantis et de generatione animalium, de homine. Lyon, 1666.

Fermat, Pierre de. Varia opera mathematica. Toulouse, 1679.

———. Oeuvres de Fermat. Edited by C. Henry and P. Tannery (4 vols.) with supplements by C. de Waard (vol. 5). Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1891–1922.

Fonesca, Pedro da. Commentarium in metaphysicorum Aristotelis Stagiritae libros tomi quatuor. Cologne, 1615 [repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1964].

Galilei, Galileo. Opere. Edited by A. Favaro (20 vols.). Florence: Barbera, 1890–1909 [reissued 1965].

———. The Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo. Edited by S. Drake. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1957.

———. The Controversy on the Comets of 1618: Galileo Galilei, Horatio Grassi, Mario Guiducci, Johann Kepler. Translated by S. Drake and C. D. O’Malley. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1960.

———. On Motion and On Mechanics. Translated by I. E. Drabkin and S. Drake. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1960.

———. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Translated by S. Drake. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.

———. Two New Sciences. Including Centers of Gravity and Force of Percussion. Translated by S. Drake. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1974.

Garasse, François. La doctrine curieuse des beaux esprits de ce temps ou prétendus tels. Paris, 1623.

Gassendi, Pierre. Animadversiones in decimum librum Diogenis Laertii (3 vols.). Lyon, 1649 [repr. New York: Garland, 1987].

———. Opera omnia (6 vols.). Lyon, 1658 [repr. Stuttgart: Frommann, 1964].

———. Exercitationes Paradoxicae adversus Aristoteleos. Edited and translated (French) by B. Rochot. Paris: Vrin, 1959.

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Works on Descartes

Aiton, E. J. The Vortex Theory of Planetary Motions. New York: Neale Watson, 1972.

Allard, Jean-Louis. Le Mathématisme de Descartes. Ottawa: Editions de l’Université d’Ottawa, 1963.

Alquié, Ferdinand. La découverte métaphysique de l’homme. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1950.

Ariew, Roger. “The Infinite in Descartes’ Conversation with Burman.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 69 (1987): 140–63.

———. “Descartes and the Tree of Knowledge.” Synthese 92 (1992): 101–16.

———. “Sur les septièmes réponses.” In Descartes: Objecter et Répondre, edited by J.-M. Beyssade and J.-L. Marion, 123–40. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1994.

———. “Descartes and the Late Scholastics on the Order of the Sciences.” In Philosophy in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Conversations with Aristotle, edited by C. Blackwell and S. Kusukawa, 350–64. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1999.

———. Descartes and the Last Scholastics. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999.

Ariew, Roger, and Marjorie Grene, eds. Descartes and His Contemporaries: Meditations, Objections and Replies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Armogathe, Jean-Robert. Theologia Cartesiana. L’explication physique de l’Eucharistie chez Descartes et dom Desgabets. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1977.

———. “L’approbation des Meditationes par la faculté de théologie de Paris (1641).” Bulletin Cartésien XXI, Archives de Philosophie 57 (1994): 1–3.

Armogathe, Jean-Robert, and Giulia Belgioioso, eds. Descartes: Principia Philosophiae (1644–1994). Naples: Vivarium, 1996.

———. La Biographia Intellettuale di René Descartes attraverso la Correspondance. Naples: Vivarium, 1999.

Armogathe, Jean-Robert, Vincent Carraud, and Massimiliano Savini. Bibliographia cartesiana II. Lecce: Conte, 2003.

Armour, Leslie. “Descartes and Eustachius a Sancto Paulo: Unravelling the Mind-Body Problem.” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 1 (1993): 3–21.

Atherton, Margaret. “Cartesian Reason and Gendered Reason.” In A Mind of One’s Own, edited by L. M. Antony and C. Witt, 19–34. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1993.

Baillet, Adrien. La Vie de M. Descartes (2 vols.). Paris, 1691.

———. Vie de Monsieur Descartes. Paris: Table Ronde, 1946.

Balz, Albert G. A. Cartesian Studies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1951.

Beck, L. J. The Method of Descartes: A Study of the Regulae. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952.

———. The Metaphysics of Descartes: A Study of the Meditations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Belgioioso, Giulia. La Variata Immagine di Descartes. Lecce: Edizioni Mileila, 1999.

Belgioioso, Giulia, et al., eds. Descartes: Il metodo e I saggi. Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1990.

Beyssade, Jean-Marie. La Philosophie première de Descartes. Paris: Flammarion, 1979.

———. “Création des vérités éternelles et doute métaphysique.” Studia Cartesiana 2 (1981): 86–105.

———. “La classification cartesienne des passions.” Revue Internationale de Philosophie 146 (1983): 278–87.

———. “Descartes on the Freedom of the Will.” Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 13 (1988): 81–96.

Beyssade, Jean-Marie, and Jean-Luc Marion, eds. Descartes: Méditer, objecter, répondre. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1994.

Blackwell, Richard J. “Descartes’ Laws of Motion.” Isis 57 (1966): 220–34.

Blanchet, Léon. Les Antécédents historiques du “Je pense, donc je suis.” Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1920.

Bordo, Susan. The Flight to Objectivity: Essays on Cartesianism and Culture. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987.

Bos, Erik-Jan. The Correspondence between Descartes and Henricus Regius. Utrecht: Zeno, 2002.

Bouillier, Francisque. Histoire de la philosophie cartésienne, 3rd ed. (2 vols.). Paris, 1868 [repr. New York: Garland, 1987].

Boutroux, E. Des vérités éternelles chez Descartes. Translated (French) by G. Canguilhem. Paris: Alcan, 1927.

Brockliss, L. W. B. “Descartes, Gassendi and the Reception of the Mechanical Philosophy in the French Collèges de Plein Exercice, 1640–1730.” Perspectives on Science 3 (1995): 450–79.

———. “Aristotle, Descartes, and the New Science: Natural Philosophy at the University of Paris, 1600–1740.” Annals of Science 38 (1981): 33–69.

Broughton, Janet, and Ruth Mattem. “Reinterpreting Descartes on the Notion of the Union of Mind and Body.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 16 (1978): 23–32.

Brunschvicg, L. Descartes et Pascal lecteurs de Montaigne. Neuchâtel: La Baconnière, 1945.

Buchdahl, Gerd. Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Science: The Classical Origins, Descartes to Kant. Oxford: Blackwell, 1969.

Buson, Frédéric de, and Denis Kambouchner. Le Vocabulaire de Descartes. Paris: Ellipses, 2002.

Busson, Henri. La pensée religieuse française de Charron à Pascal. Paris: Vrin, 1933.

Butler, R. J., ed. Cartesian Studies. Oxford: Blackwell, 1972.

Carriero, John. “The First Meditation.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 68 (1987): 222–48.

———. Descartes and the Autonomy of Human Understanding. New York: Garland, 1990.

Carter, Richard B. Descartes’ Medical Philosophy: The Organic Solution to the Mind-Body Problem. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.

Chappell, Vere, and Willis Doney, eds. Twenty-five Years of Descartes Scholarship 1960–1984: A Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1987.

Clarke, Desmond M. “Descartes’ Critique of Logic.” In Truth, Knowledge and Reality: Inquiries into the Foundations of Seventeenth Century Rationalism (Studia Leibnitiana, Sonderheft), edited by G. H. R. Parkinson. Stuttgart: Steiner, 1981.

———. Descartes’ Philosophy of Science. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1982.

Cole, John R. The Olympian Dreams and Youthful Rebellion of René Descartes. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.

Cossuta, Frederic, ed. Descartes et l’argumentation philosophique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1996.

Costa, M. J. “What Cartesian Ideas Are Not.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 12 (1983): 53–64.

Cottingham, John C. Descartes. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.

———. The Rationalists. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

———. A Descartes Dictionary. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.

———, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Descartes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

———. Reason, Will, and Sensation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Cress, Donald. “Does Descartes’ ‘Ontological Argument’ Stand on Its Own?” International Studies in Philosophy 5 (1973): 127–36.

Cronin, T. J. “Eternal Truths in the Thought of Descartes and of His Adversary.” Journal of the History of Ideas 21 (1960): 553–59.

———. Objective Being in Descartes and Suarez. Rome: Analecta Gregoriana, 1966.

Cummins, Phillip, and Guenter Zoeller, eds. Minds, Ideas and Objects. Atascadero, Calif.: Ridgeview, 1992.

Curley, E. M. “Descartes on the Creation of the Eternal Truths.” Philosophical Review 93 (1984): 569–97.

———. Descartes Against the Skeptics. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

Dalbiez, Roland. “Les sources scolastiques de la théorie cartésienne de l’être objectif: A propos du ‘Descartes’ de M. Gilson.” Revue d’Histoire de la Philosophie 3 (1929): 464–72.

Derrida, Jacques. “Le Cogito et l’histoire de la folie.” In L’Ecriture et la différence. Paris: Seuil, 1967.

Des Chene, Dennis. Physiologia: Philosophy of Nature in Descartes and the Aristotelians. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1995.

———. “Cartesiomania: Early Receptions of Descartes.” Perspectives on Science 3 (1995): 534–81.

———. Spirits and Clocks: Machine and Organism in Descartes. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2001.

Dijksterhuis, E. J., et al. Descartes et le cartésianisme hollandais. Études et documents. Paris and Amsterdam: Presses Universitaires Françaises and Éditions Françaises d’Amsterdam, 1950.

Doney, Willis, ed. Descartes: A Collection of Critical Essays. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1967.

Echarri, J. “Uno influjo español desconcido en la formación del sistema cartesiano: dos textos paralelos de Toledo y Descartes sobre el espacio.” El Pensamiento 6 (1950): 291–332.

Faye, Emmanuel. Philosophie et perfection de l’homme: De la Renaissance à Descartes. Paris: Vrin, 1998.

———, ed. Descartes et la Renaissance. Paris: Honoré Champion, 1999.

Fowler, C. F. Descartes on the Human Soul: Philosophy and the Demands of Christian Doctrine. Dordrecht: Klewer, 1999.

Frankfurt, Harry. “Memory and the Cartesian Circle.” Philosophical Review 71 (1962): 505–11.

———. “Descartes’ Discussion of his Existence in the Second Meditation.” Philosophical Review 75 (1966): 329–56.

———. Demons, Dreamers and Madmen: The Defense of Reason in Descartes’ Meditations. Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merill, 1970.

———. “Descartes on the Creation of Eternal Truths.” Philosophical Review 86 (1977): 36–57.

Fuchs, T. Mechanization of the Heart: Harvey and Descartes. Translated by M. Grene. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2001.

Gabbey, Alan. “Les trois genres de découverte selon Descartes.” In Actes du XIIe Congrès International d’Histoire des Sciences, Paris 1968, vol. II, 45–49. Paris, 1970.

———. “Descartes’ Physics and Descartes’ Mechanics: Chicken and Egg?” In Essays on the Philosophy and Science of René Descartes, edited by Steven Voss, 311–23. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Garber, Daniel. Descartes’ Metaphysical Physics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

———. “Descartes, the Aristotelians and the Revolution that Did Not Happen in 1637.” The Monist 71 (1988): 471–86.

———. Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

———. “Descartes, Mechanics, and the Mechanical Philosophy.” In Midwest Studies in Philosophy: Renaissance and Early Modern Philosophy, vol. 26, edited by Peter French and Howard K. Wettstein, 185–204. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.

Garber, Daniel, and Michael Ayers, eds. Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy (2 vols.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Garin, P. Thèses cartésiennes et thèses thomistes. Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer, 1932.

Gaukroger, Stephen. Cartesian Logic. An Essay on Descartes’s Conception of Inference. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

———. Descartes: An Intellectual Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

———. Descartes’ System of Natural Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

———, ed. Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics. Sussex: Harvester Press, 1980.

Gaukroger, Stephen, John Schuster, and John Sutton, eds. Descartes’ Natural Philosophy. London: Routlege, 2000.

Gibson, Boyce A. The Philosophy of Descartes. London: Methuen, 1932.

Gilson, Etienne. La liberté chez Descartes et la théologie. Paris: Alcan, 1913 [repr., Paris: Vrin, 1982].

———. Études sur le rôle de la pensée médievale dans la formation du système cartésien. Paris: Vrin, 1930.

Gouhier, Henri. Essais sur Descartes. Paris: Vrin, 1937.

———. “Doute méthodique ou négation méthodique?” Les Etudes Philosophiques 9 (1954): 135–62.

———. “La crise de la théologie au temps de Descartes.” Revue de Théologie et de Philosophie, 3e ser. 4 (1954): 45–47.

———. Les premières pensées de Descartes: Contribution à l’histoire de l’anti-Renaissance (De Pétrarque à Descartes). Paris: Vrin, 1958.

———. La pensée métaphysique de Descartes. Paris: Vrin, 1962 [2nd ed. 1969, 3rd ed. 1978].

———. La pensée religieuse de Descartes. 2nd ed. Paris: Vrin, 1972.

———. Cartésianisme et Augustinisme au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Vrin, 1978.

Gregory, Tullio. “Dio ingannatore e genio malignio. Nota in margine alla Meditationes di Descartes.” Giornale critico della filosofia italiana 53 (1974): 477–516.

Grene, Marjorie. “Die Einheit des Menschen: Descartes unter den Scholastikern.” Dialectica 40 (1986): 309–22.

———. Descartes. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985.

———. Descartes among the Scholastics. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Marquette University Press, 1991.

———. “Animal Mechanism and the Cartesian Vision of Nature.” In Physics, Philosophy, and the Scientific Community, edited by K. Gavroglu et al., 189–204. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1995.

Groarke, Leo. “Descartes’ First Meditation: Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 22 (1984): 281–301.

Grosholz, Emily. Cartesian Method and the Problem of Reduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Gueroult, Martial. Nouvelles réflexions sur la preuve ontologique. Paris: Vrin, 1955.

———. Etudes sur Descartes, Spinoza, Malebranche et Leibniz. Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1970.

———. Descartes’ Philosophy Interpreted According to the Order of Reasons. Translated by R. Ariew et al. (2 vols.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.

Hamelin, Octave. Le système de Descartes. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1911.

Hannequin, A. “La preuve ontologique de Descartes défendue contre Leibniz.” Revue de métaphysique et de Morale 4 (1896): 433–58.

Hatfield, Gary. “Force (God) in Descartes’ Physics.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 10 (1979): 113–40.

———. “First Philosophy and Natural Philosophy in Descartes.” In Philosophy: Its History and Historiography, edited by A. J. Holland. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1985.

———. “Science, Certainty, and Descartes.” In PSA 1988, vol. 2, edited by A. Fine and J. Leplin. East Lansing, Mich.: Philosophy of Science Association, 1989.

———. Descartes and the Meditations. London: Routledge, 2003.

Heyd, Michael. “From Rationalist Theology to Cartesian Voluntarism.” Journal of the History of Ideas 40 (1979): 527–42.

Hintikka, Jaako, and Unto Remes. The Method of Analysis: Its Geometrical Origin and Its General Significance (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science). Dordrecht: Reidel, 1974.

Hoffman, Paul. “The Unity of Descartes’ Man.” Philosophical Review 95 (1986): 342–49.

———. “Cartesian Passions and Cartesian Dualism.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 71 (1990): 310–32.

Hooker, Michael, ed. Descartes: Critical and Interpretive Essays. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.

Jolley, Nicholas. The Light of the Soul: Theories of Ideas in Leibniz, Malebranche, and Descartes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Judovitz, Dalia. Subjectivity and Representation in Descartes: The Origins of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

———. “Vision, Representation and Technology in Descartes.” In Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision, edited by D. M. Levin. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Keeling, S. V. Descartes. London: Benn, 1934.

Kennington, Richard. “Finitude of Descartes’ Evil Genius.” Journal of the History of Ideas 32 (1971): 441–46.

Kenny, Anthony. Descartes. New York: Random House, 1968.

———. “The Cartesian Circle and the Eternal Truths.” Journal of Philosophy 57 (1970): 685–700.

Koyré, Alexandre. Essai sur l’idée de Dieu et les preuves de son existence chez Descartes. Paris: Leroux, 1922.

Krailsheimer, A. J. Studies in Self-Interest: From Descartes to La Bruyere. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962.

Kraus, Pamela A. “From Universal Mathematics to Universal Method: Descartes’s ‘Turn’ in Rule IV of the Regulae.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 21 (1983): 159–74.

———. “ ‘Whole Method’ The Thematic Unity of Descartes’ Regulae.” Modern Schoolman 63 (1986): 83–109.

Lalande, A. “Sur quelques textes de Bacon et de Descartes.” Revue de métaphysique et de morale 19 (1911): 296–311.

Landucci, S. La teodicea nell’eta cartesiana. Naples: Bibliopolis, 1986.

Laporte, J. Le rationalisme de Descartes. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1950.

Larmore, Charles. “Descartes’ Psychologistic Theory of Assent.” History of Philosophy Quarterly 1 (1984): 61–74.

Lasswitz, Kurd. Geschichte der Atomistik vom Mittelalter bis Newton (2 vols.). Hamburg: L. Voss, 1890.

Lennon, Thomas M. “Occasionalism and the Cartesian Metaphysics of Motion.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, supp. 1 (1974): 29–40.

———. “The Inherence Pattern and Descartes’ Ideas.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 12 (1974): 43–52.

———. The Battle of the Gods and Giants: The Legacies of Descartes and Gassendi, 1655–1715. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Lennon, Thomas M., John Nicholas, and John Davis, eds. Problems of Cartesianism. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1982.

Levi, Anthony. French Moralists: The Theory of the Passions 1585 to 1649. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Lindeboom, G. A. Descartes and Medicine. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1979.

Loeb, Louis. From Descartes to Hume. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1981.

Marion, J.-L. “Is the Ontological Argument Ontological?” Journal of the History of Philosophy 30 (1992): 201–18.

———. Sur l’ontologie grise de Descartes. Paris: Vrin, 1975 [2nd ed. 1981].

———. Sur la théologie blanche de Descartes. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1981.

———. Questions Cartésiennes II. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1996.

———. Cartesian Questions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

———. On Descartes’ Metaphysical Prism: The Constitution and Limits of Onto-theo-logy in Cartesian Thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Marion, Jean-Luc, and Nicolas Grimaldi, eds. Le Discours et sa méthode. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1987.

Markie, Peter. Descartes’s Gambit. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986.

Marlin, Randal. “Cartesian Freedom and the Problem of the Mesland Letters.” In Early Modern Philosophy: Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Politics: Essays in Honour of Robert F. McRae, edited by G. J. D. Moyal and S. Tweyman. Delmar, N.Y.: Caravan, 1985.

Marshall, John. Descartes’s Moral Theory. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998.

McLaughlin, Peter. “Descartes on Mind-Body Interaction and the Conservation of Motion.” Philosophical Review 102 (1993): 155–82.

Menn, Stephen. Descartes and Augustine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Mesnard, Pierre. Essai sur la morale de Descartes. Paris: Boivin, 1936.

Morgan, Vance G. Foundations of Cartesian Ethics. New York: Humanities Press, 1994.

Mouy, Paul. Le développement de la physique cartésienne 1646–1712. Paris: Vrin, 1934.

Moyal, Georges J. D. “The Unity of Descartes’ Conception of Freedom.” International Studies in Philosophy 19 (1987): 33–51.

Nadler, Steven. “Arnauld, Descartes, and Transubstantiation: Reconciling Cartesian Metaphysics and Real Presence.” Journal of the History of Ideas 49 (1988): 229–46.

———. “Deduction, Confirmation, and the Laws of Nature in Descartes’s Principia Philosophiae.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 28 (1990): 359–83.

———. “Descartes and Occasional Causation.” British Journal for the History of Philosophy 2 (1994): 35–54.

———, ed. Causation in Early Modern Philosophy. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993.

Nuchelmans, G. Judgment and Proposition: From Descartes to Kant. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing, 1983.

Oakley, Francis. Omnipotence, Covenant and Order: An Excursion in the History of Ideas from Abelard to Leibniz. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984.

O’Neill, Eileen. “Mind-Body Interaction and Metaphysical Consistency: A Defense of Descartes.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 25 (1987): 227–45.

Osler, Margaret J. “Eternal Truths and the Laws of Nature: The Theological Foundations of Descartes’ Philosophy of Nature.” Journal of the History of Ideas 46 (1985): 349–62.

———. Divine Will and the Mechanical Philosophy: Gassendi and Descartes on Contingency and Necessity in the Created World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Otegem, Matthijs van. A Bibliography of the Works of Descartes. 2 vols. Utrecht: Zeno, 2002.

Pace, Anna de. “Descartes critico di Descartes: Il concetto di quiete nelle leggi del moto da Il Mondo ai Principi.” In Miscellanea secentesca: Saggi su Descartes, Fabri, White. Milan: Cisalpino-Goliardica, 1987.

Passmore, John. “Descartes, the British Empiricists, and Formal Logic.” Philosophical Review 62 (1953): 545–53.

Petrik, James M. Descartes’ Theory of the Will. Durango, Colo.: Hollow-brook, 1992.

Popkin, Richard H. The History of Skepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

Prendergast, Thomas L. “Descartes and the Relativity of Motion.” Modern Schoolman 50 (1972–73): 64–72.

———. “Motion, Action, and Tendency in Descartes’ Physics.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 13 (1975): 453–62.

Prost, J. Essai sur l’atomisme et l’occasionalisme dans la philosophie cartésienne. Paris: Paulin, 1907.

Remnant, Peter. “Descartes: Body and Soul.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 9 (1979): 377–86.

Renault, Laurence. Descartes ou la felicité volontaire. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2000.

Richardson, Robert. “The ‘Scandal’ of Cartesian Interaction.” Mind 92 (1982): 20–37.

Rodis-Lewis, Geneviève. L’individualité selon Descartes. Paris: Vrin, 1950.

———. La Morale de Descartes. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1957.

———. L’oeuvre de Descartes (2 vols.). Paris: Vrin, 1971.

———. Idées et vérités éternelles chez Descartes et ses successeurs. Paris: Vrin, 1985.

———. “Le dernier fruit de la métaphysique cartésienne: La generosité.” Les études philosophiques 1 (1987): 43–54.

———. L’anthropologie cartésienne. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1990.

———. Descartes: His Life and Thought. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1995.

———, ed. Méthode et métaphysique chez Descartes. New York: Garland, 1987.

Rogers, G. A. J. “Descartes and the Method of English Science.” Annals of Science 29 (1972): 237–55.

Rorty, Amélie O., ed. Essays on Descartes’ Meditations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

Rorty, Richard. Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Rosenfield, Leonora Cohen. From Beast-Machine to Man-Machine: Animal Soul in French Letters from Descartes to La Mettrie, 2nd ed. New York: Octagon Books, 1968.

Rozemond, Marleen. Descartes’s Dualism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Ruler, J. A. van. The Crisis of Causality, Voetius and Descartes on God, Nature and Change. Leiden: Brill, 1995.

Sabra, A. 1. Theories of Light from Descartes to Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981 [1st ed., London: Oldbourne, 1967].

Sakellariadis, Spyros. “Descartes’s Use of Empirical Data to Test Hypotheses.” Isis 73 (1982): 68–76.

Schankula, H. A. S. “Locke, Descartes, and the Science of Nature.” Journal of the History of Ideas 41 (1980): 459–77.

Schmaltz, Tad M. “Platonism and Descartes’ View of Immutable Essences.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 73 (1991): 129–70.

Schouls, Peter A. The Imposition of Method: A Study of Locke and Descartes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

———. “Descartes on Innate Ideas, Sensation, and Scholasticism: The Response to Regius.” In Studies in Seventeenth-Century European Philosophy, edited by M. A. Stewart. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.

Schuster, John A. “Descartes and the Scientific Revolution, 1618–1644: An Interpretation.” Ph.D. diss., Princeton University, 1977.

———. “Cartesian Method as Mythic Speech: A Diachronic and Structural Analysis.” In The Politics and Rhetoric of Scientific Method: Historical Studies, edited by J. A. Schuster and R. R. Yeo. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1986.

Scott, J. F. The Scientific Work of René Descartes (1596–1650). London: Taylor and Francis, 1952.

Sebba, G. Bibliographia Cartesiana: A Critical Guide to the Descartes Literature 1800–1960. The Hague: Martinus Nijhof, 1964.

Secada, Jorge. “Descartes on Time and Causality.” Philosophical Review 99 (1990): 45–72.

———. Cartesian Metaphysics: The Scholastic Origins of Modern Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Shea, William R. The Magic of Numbers and Motion: The Scientific Career of René Descartes. Canton, Mass.: Science History Publications, 1991.

Simon, G. “Les vérités éternelles de Descartes, évidences ontologiques.” Studia Cartesiana 2 (1981): 124–35.

Sirven, J. Les années d’apprentissage de Descartes (1596–1628). Paris: Vrin, 1930 [repr. New York: Garland, 1987].

Smith, Norman Kemp. Studies in the Cartesian Philosophy. London: Macmillan, 1902 [repr. New York: Russell and Russell, 1962].

———. New Studies in the Philosophy of Descartes. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1952.

Sorell, Tom. Descartes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

———, ed. The Rise of Modern Philosophy: The Tension between the New and Traditional Philosophies from Machiavelli to Leibniz. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Sortais, Gaston. “Descartes et la Compagnie de Jésus, menaces et avances (1640–1646).” Estudios de la Academia literaria del Platal Buenos Aires 57 (1937): 441–68.

Verbeek, Theo. La querelle d’Utrecht. Paris: Les impressions nouvelles, 1988.

———. Descartes and the Dutch: Early Reactions to Cartesianism (1637–1650) (Journal of the History of Philosophy Monograph Series). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992.

———. “ ‘Ens per Accidens’: Le origini della Querelle di Utrecht.” Giornale critico della filosofia italiana 71 (1992): 276–88.

———, ed. Descartes et Regius: Autour de l’Explication de l’esprit. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993.

Voss, Stephen, ed. Essays on the Philosophy and Science of René Descartes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Waard, Cornelis de. “Un Entretien avec Descartes en 1634 ou 1635.” Archives internationales d’Histoire des Sciences 6 (1953): 14–16.

Watson, Richard. Cogito, Ergo Sum. The Life of René Descartes. Boston: Godine, 2002.

Weber, Jean-Paul. “La Méthode de Descartes d’après les Regulae.” Archives de Philosophie 35 (1972): 51–60.

Wells, Norman J. “Descartes’ Uncreated Truths.” The New Scholasticism 56 (1982): 185–99.

———. “Descartes’ Idea and Its Sources.” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 67 (1993): 513–35.

Williams, Bernard. Descartes: The Project of Pure Enquiry. Hassock, Sussex: Harvester, 1978.

———. “Descartes’ Use of Scepticism.” In The Sceptical Tradition, edited by M. Bumyeat. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.

Wilson, Margaret. Descartes (Arguments of the Philosophers). London: Routledge, 1978.

———. “Descartes on the Representationality of Sensation.” In Central Themes in Early Modern Philosophy, edited by J. A. Cover and M. Kulstad. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett, 1990.

———. “Descartes on the Origin of Sensation.” Philosophical Topics (1991): 293–323.

Woolhouse, Roger S. Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz: The Concept of Substance in Seventeenth-Century Metaphysics. London: Routledge, 1993.

Yolton, John W. Perceptual Acquaintance from Descartes to Reid. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.

Zarka, Yves-Charles. “La matière et la représentation: L’expérience dans la philosophie naturelle de Descartes.” In Problématique et réception du Discours de la méthode et des Essais, edited by H. Méchoulan, 81–98. Paris: Vrin, 1988.

Works on Cartesians and Other 17th-Century Figures

Abercrombie, Nigel. The Origins of Jansenism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

Adams, Robert Merrihew. Leibniz: Determinist, Theist, Idealist. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Aiton, E. J. Leibniz: A Biography. Bristol: Hilger, 1985.

Åkerman, Susanna. “Queen Christina and Messianic Thought.” In Sceptics, Millenarians and Jews, edited by D. S. Katz and J. Israel. Leiden: Brill, 1990.

———. Queen Christina of Sweden and Her Circle (Brill Studies in Intellectual History). Leiden: Brill, 1991.

Allison, Henry E. Benedict de Spinoza: An Introduction, revised edition. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987.

Alquié, Ferdinand. Le cartésianisme de Malebranche. Paris: Vrin, 1974.

———. Le rationalisme de Spinoza. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1981.

Ariew, Roger. “Oratorians and the Teaching of Cartesian Philosophy in Seventeenth-Century France.” History of Universities 17 (2001–02): 47–80.

Armour, Leslie. “Le cartésianisme au Québec.” Bulletin Cartésien XVI, Archives de Philosophie 51 (1988): 1–12.

Auger, Léon. Gilles Personne de Roberval (1602–1675). Paris: Blanchard, 1962.

Ayers, Michael R. Locke (2 vols.). London: Routledge, 1991.

Battail, Jean-François. L’avocat philosophe Géraud de Cordemoy. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1973.

Beaude, J. “Cartésianisme et anticartésianisme de Desgabets.” Studia Cartesiana 1 (1979): 1–24.

Belaval, Yvon. Leibniz critique de Descartes. Paris: Gallimard, 1960.

Belgioioso, Giulia. La variatta immagine di Descartes. Lecce: Editioni Milella, 1999.

Berkel, Klaas van. Isaac Beeckman (1588–1637) en de Mechanisering van het Wereldbeeld (with a summary in English). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1983.

Blair, Ann. “Tradition and Innovation in Early Modern Natural Philosophy: Jean Bodin and Jean-Cecile Frey.” Perspectives on Science 2 (1994): 428–54.

Blay, Michel. La naissance de la mécanique analytique: La science du mouvement au tournant des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1992.

Bloch, Olivier René. La philosophie de Gassendi: Nominalisme, matérialisme et métaphysique (International Archives of the History of Ideas). The Hague: Nijhoff, 1971.

Boas Hall, Marie. Robert Boyle on Natural Philosophy: An Essay with Selections from His Writings. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965.

———. The Mechanical Philosophy. New York: Arno Press, 1981.

Boehm, Alfred. “L’Aristotélisme d’Honoré Fabri (1607–1688).” Revue des sciences religieuses 39 (1965): 305–60.

Bohatec, Josef. Die Cartesianische Scholastik in der Philosophie und Theologie der reformierten Dogmatik des 17. Jahrhunderts. Leipzig: Deichert, 1912 [repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1966].

Broad, C. D. Leibniz: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.

Brockliss, L. W. B. French Higher Education in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: A Cultural History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Brown, Harcourt. Scientific Organizations in Seventeenth-Century France (1620–1680). Baltimore, Md.: Williams and Wilkins, 1934.

Brown, Stuart. Leibniz (Philosophers in Context). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.

Brundell, Barry. Pierre Gassendi: From Aristotelianism to a New Natural Philosophy. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987.

Brush, Craig. Montaigne and Bayle: Variations on the Theme of Scepticism. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1966.

Burtt, E. A. The Metaphysical Foundation of Modern Physical Sciences. London: Routledge, 1932 [2nd ed. New York: Humanities Press, 1980].

Carraud, V. Pascal et la philosophie. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1992.

Clair, Pierre. “Louis de la Forge et les origines de l’occasionalisme.” Recherches sur le XVIIème siècle 1 (1976): 63–72.

Clarke, Desmond M. “Pierre-Sylvain Régis: A Paradigm of Cartesian Methodology.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 62 (1980): 289–310.

———. “Cartesian Science in France, 1660–1700.” In Philosophy, Its History and Historiography, edited by A. J. Holland. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1985.

———. Occult Powers and Hypotheses: Cartesian Natural Philosophy under Louis XIV. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Clavelin, Maurice. The Natural Philosophy of Galileo. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1974.

Cohen, I. Bernard. The Newtonian Revolution: With Illustrations of the Transformation of Scientific Ideas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.

———. The Birth of a New Physics, rev. ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1985.

Cope, Jackson. Joseph Glanvill: Anglican Apologist. St. Louis, Mo.: Washington University Press, 1956.

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