“stops in interesting places”: Paul Gardner quoted in “‘A Painting Is Never Finished—It Simply Stops in Interesting Places’—Paul Gardner,” British International School Hanoi, October 10, 2014, nordangliaeducation.com/en/our-schools/vietnam/hanoi/bis/article/2014/10/10/a-painting-is-never-finished-it-simply-stops-in-interesting-places--paul-gardner.
seek fun and are the life of the party: Taylor Hartman, The People Code: It’s All About Your Innate Motive (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007).
Facebook had to ban personality quizzes: Jacob Kastrenakes, “Facebook Bans Personality Quizzes After Cambridge Analytica Scandal,” The Verge, April 25, 2019, theverge.com/2019/4/25/18516608/facebook-personality-quiz-ban-cambridge-analytica.
hope to improve for the better: Nathan W. Hudson and R. Chris Fraley, “Volitional Personality Trait Change: Can People Choose to Change Their Personality Traits?,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 109, no. 3 (2015): 490.
caused by prior conditions or events: Carl Hoefer, “Causal Determinism,” in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta, plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinism-causal/; Kadri Vihvelin, “Arguments for Incompatibilism,” in ibid., plato.stanford.edu/entries/incompatibilism-arguments/.
especially newly unearthed data: Jordi Quoidbach, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Timothy D. Wilson, “The End of History Illusion,” Science 339, no. 6115 (2013): 96–98.
Frankl called the last of human freedoms: Viktor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985).
the less constrained you’ll be by your circumstances: David R. Hawkins, Power vs. Force: The Hidden Determinants of Human Behavior (Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2013).
“we truly are, far more than our abilities”: J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (London: Bloomsbury, 2015; originally published 1998).
Outsiders may view the hyper-successful: Carol S. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (New York: Random House Digital, 2008).
“What’s past is prologue”: William Shakespeare, The Tempest, act 2, scene 1.
live out the end of his life on Mars: Ashlee Vance, Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future (New York: HarperCollins, 2015).
“Steel can be any shape you want if you are skilled enough”: Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values (New York: Random House, 1999; originally published 1974).
“Human beings are works in progress”: Daniel Gilbert, “The Psychology of Your Future Self,” TED Talk, March 2014, ted.com/talks/dan_gilbert_you_are_always_changing.
woman to climb K2: “Hero Mountain Climber Visits British High Commission,” Diplomatic News Agency (DNA), August 15, 2017, dnanews.com.pk/hero-mountain-climber-visits-british-high-commission/.
fastest time by any woman: “Mountaineering,” Guinness Book of World Records 2017 (pdf), vobonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/GWR17.pdf.
everyone’s personality is going to change: Gilbert, “The Psychology of Your Future Self.”
“Such a man would be in the lunatic asylum”: Carl Jung, Psychological Types (New York: Routledge, 2016; originally published 1921).
In the 2018 book The Personality Brokers: Merve Emre, The Personality Brokers: The Strange History of Myers-Briggs and the Birth of Personality Testing (New York: Doubleday, 2018).
“illusion of expertise about psychology”: Emma Goldberg, “Personality Tests Are the Astrology of the Office,” The New York Times, September 17, 2019, nytimes.com/2019/09/17/style/personality-tests-office.html.
“the merit of a proposed theory”: Adam Grant, “Goodbye to MBTI, the Fad That Won’t Die,” Psychology Today, September 19, 2013, psychologytoday.com/us/blog/give-and-take/201309/goodbye-mbti-the-fad-won-t-die.
Myers-Briggs should not be taken seriously: Grant, “Say Goodbye to MBTI, the Fad That Won’t Die”; Michael Moffa, “A Critique of The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)—Part I: One Expert’s Review,” Recruiter, April 1, 2011, recruiter.com/i/critique-of-the-myers-briggs-type-indicator-critique/.
“the dumber they make you”: Paul Graham, “Keep Your Identity Small,” paulgraham.com, February 2009, paulgraham.com/identity.html.
greatly limiting their capacity to change: William R. Miller and Stephen Rollnick, Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behavior (New York: Guilford Press, 2002).
seeing all of the times the label isn’t true: Ellen J. Langer, The Power of Mindful Learning (Boston: Lifelong Books/A Merloyd Lawrence Book, 2016).
“personality than I would trust my horoscope”: Kate Rogers quoted in Theresa Fisher, “I Have Personality Test Anxiety,” Woolly, woollymag.com/feelings/i-have-personality-test-anxiety.html.
for the position or culture: Goldberg, “Personality Tests Are the Astrology of the Office.”
scientifically backed theory of personality: Lewis R. Goldberg, “An Alternative ‘Description of Personality’: The Big-Five Factor Structure,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59, no. 6 (1990): 1216.
demands of a social role and one’s personality profile: Daniel Heller, Wei Qi Elaine Perunovic, and Daniel Reichman, “The Future of Person–Situation Integration in the Interface Between Traits and Goals: A Bottom-up Framework,” Journal of Research in Personality 43, no. 2 (2009): 171–78.
tangible predictor of personality: Daniel J. Ozer and Veronica Benet-Martinez, “Personality and the Prediction of Consequential Outcomes,” Annual Review of Psychology 57 (2006): 401–21.
people reported being satisfied with themselves: Nathan W. Hudson and Brent W. Roberts, “Goals to Change Personality Traits: Concurrent Links Between Personality Traits, Daily Behavior, and Goals to Change Oneself,” Journal of Research in Personality 53 (2014): 68–83.
goal-setting and sustained personal effort: Nathan W. Hudson and R. Chris Fraley, “Volitional Personality Trait Change: Can People Choose to Change Their Personality Traits?,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 109, no. 3 (2015): 490.
leading meaningful and satisfying lives: Christopher J. Soto, “Is Happiness Good for Your Personality? Concurrent and Prospective Relations of the Big Five with Subjective Well-Being,” Journal of Personality 83, no. 1 (2015): 45–55; Jule Specht, Boris Egloff, and Stefan C. Schmukle, “Examining Mechanisms of Personality Maturation: The Impact of Life Satisfaction on the Development of the Big Five Personality Traits,” Social Psychological and Personality Science 4, no. 2 (2013): 181–89.
Les Misérables by Victor Hugo: Victor Hugo, Les Misérables (Paris: Librairie internationale A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven, et Cie, 1862).
flummoxed by what they found: Mathew A. Harris, Caroline E. Brett, Wendy Johnson, and Ian J. Deary, “Personality Stability from Age 14 to Age 77 Years,” Psychology and Aging 31, no. 8 (2016): 862.
Harvard psychologist Dr. Daniel Gilbert: Jordi Quoidbach, Daniel T. Gilbert, and Timothy D. Wilson, “The End of History Illusion,” Science 339, no. 6115 (2013): 96–98.
“goal for which you might strive”: Dallin H. Oaks, “Where Will This Lead?,” Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2019/04/35oaks.
“understanding long-term decision-making”: Hal E. Hershfield, “The Self over Time,” Current Opinion in Psychology 26 (2019): 72–75.
“past deserves a second chance”: Malcolm Gladwell, Revisionist History podcast, revisionisthistory.com/seasons.
antecedent conditions or events: Carl Hoefer, “Causal Determinism,” in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta, plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinism-causal/; Kadri Vihvelin, “Arguments for Incompatibilism,” in ibid., plato.stanford.edu/entries/incompatibilism-arguments/.
the worst films of that year: BoxOfficeMojo.com on film version of I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell, boxofficemojo.com/release/rl140215809/.
one of his greatest disappointments: Tom Bilyeu, “How to Totally Reinvent Yourself | Tucker Max on Impact Theory,” YouTube, January 9, 2018, youtube.com/watch?v=RJaczGjkS3w.
“set a public end to this”: Michael Ellsberg, “Tucker Max Gives Up the Game: What Happens When a Bestselling Player Stops Playing?,” Forbes, January 18, 2012, forbes.com/sites/michaelellsberg/2012/01/18/tucker-max-gives-up-the-game/#e700de1758dd.
“future goals so affect our memories”: Brent D. Slife, Time and Psychological Explanation (Albany: SUNY Press, 1993).
“I met a man who had no feet”: Saadi Shirazi, The Gulistan, or, Rose Garden of Sa’Di (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1964).
“but in having new eyes”: Marcel Proust, La Prisonnière (Paris: Le Livre de Poche, 2011; originally published 1923).
toward chosen goals or values: Todd B. Kashdan and Jonathan Rottenberg, “Psychological Flexibility as a Fundamental Aspect of Health,” Clinical Psychology Review 30, no. 7 (2010): 865–78.
“what you do for a living is much less important”: Cal Newport, So Good They Can’t Ignore You: Why Skills Trump Passion in the Quest for Work You Love (New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2012).
“feel yourself into action”: Jerome S. Bruner, On Knowing: Essays for the Left Hand, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1979).
“happiness is worth devoting yourself to”: Clayton Christensen, How Will You Measure Your Life? (New York: Harper Business, 2012).
“class and give them a choice not to”: Taylor Lorenz, “Teens Are Protesting In-Class Presentations,” Atlantic, September 12, 2018, theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/09/teens-think-they-shouldnt-have-to-speak-in-front-of-the-class/570061/.
“true to the self I wanted to become”: Adam Grant, “USU 2017 Commencement Speech—Dr. Adam Grant,” YouTube, May 12, 2017, youtube.com/watch?v=YJeLTHsbSug.
“Without having a goal it’s difficult to score”: Paul Arden, It’s Not How Good You Are, It’s How Good You Want to Be (New York: Phaidon, 2003).
“unexamined life is not worth living”: Plato, Euthyphro, Apology of Socrates, and Crito, ed. John Burnet (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977).
better restaurant than Trotter’s: Patrick Cole, “David Bouley, Charlie Trotter to Cook for Disabled Kids,” Bloomberg, May 30, 2012, bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-05-31/david-bouley-charlie-trotter-to-cook-for-disabled-kids.
“your personal experiences aren’t broad enough”: David Brooks, “The Man Wishes He Were Here.” The New York Times, August 29, 2019, nytimes.com/2019/08/29/opinion/jim-mattis-trump.html.
“outcome of an intentional attitude”: Colin Wilson, New Pathways in Psychology: Maslow and the Post-Freudian Revolution (London: Victor Gallancz, 1972).
“imagination embraces the entire world”: Albert Einstein quoted in Alice Calaprice, The Expanded Quotable Einstein (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).
engage in deliberate practice: Thomas Suddendorf, Melissa Brinums, and Kana Imuta, “Shaping One’s Future Self—The Development of Deliberate Practice,” in Seeing the Future: Theoretical Perspectives on Future-Oriented Mental Time Travel, ed. Kourken Michaelian, Stanley B. Klein, and Karl K. Szpunar, 343–66 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
“somebody to keep on chasing”: Matthew McConaughey, “Matthew McConaughey Winning Best Actor,” YouTube, March 11, 2014, youtube.com/watch?v=wD2cVhC-63I.
“achieve everything else I want in my life”: Hal Elrod, The Miracle Equation: The Two Decisions That Move Your Biggest Goals from Possible, to Probable, to Inevitable (New York: Harmony Books, 2019).
“completely unknowable future”: Peter Thiel with Blake Masters, Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future (New York: Broadway Business, 2014).
According to expectancy theory, one of the: Wendelien Van Eerde and Henk Thierry, “Vroom’s Expectancy Models and Work-Related Criteria: A Meta-analysis,” Journal of Applied Psychology 81, no. 5 (1996): 575.
You cannot have motivation without a goal: C. R. Snyder, Kevin L. Rand, and David R. Sigmon, “Hope Theory: A Member of the Positive Psychology Family,” in Handbook of Positive Psychology, ed. C. R. Snyder and Shane Lopez, 257–76 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
“The result is proof of a commitment”: Jim Dethmer, Diana Chapman, and Kaley Klemp, The 15 Commitments of Conscious Leadership: A New Paradigm for Sustainable Success (Conscious Leadership Group, 2015).
In a podcast, Lewis Howes: John Assaraf. Retrieved in December 2019 at lewishowes.com/podcast/john-assaraf/.
your willpower is all dried up: Roy F. Baumeister and John Tierney, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength (New York: Penguin, 2012).
how you become self-actualized: Abraham H. Maslow, “Peak Experiences as Acute Identity Experiences,” American Journal of Psychoanalysis 21, no. 2 (1961): 254–62.
“effect upon the experimenter”: Abraham H. Maslow, Religions, Values, and Peak-Experiences (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1964).
“If there is no choice, there is no uncertainty”: Ellen J. Langer, The Power of Mindful Learning (Boston: Lifelong Books/A Merloyd Lawrence Book, 2016; originally published 1997).
predict the outcomes of our behavior: Daphna Shohamy, “Learning from Experience: How Our Brains Remember the Past and Shape Our Future,” YouTube, April 7, 2016, youtube.com/watch?v=vCPtpXaH5Zw.
in actuality the foundation of all fears: R. N. Carlton, “Fear of the Unknown: One Fear to Rule Them All?,” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 41 (2016): 5–21.
incorrectly predict what will happen: G. Elliott Wimmer, Erin Kendall Braun, Nathaniel D. Daw, and Daphna Shohamy, “Episodic Memory Encoding Interferes with Reward Learning and Decreases Striatal Prediction Errors,” Journal of Neuroscience 34, no. 45 (2014): 14901–12.
“honing of skills through deliberate practice”: Suddendorf, Brinums, and Imuta, “Shaping One’s Future Self.”
gratitude has been found to help: Philip C. Watkins, Kathrane Woodward, Tamara Stone, and Russell L. Kolts, “Gratitude and Happiness: Development of a Measure of Gratitude, and Relationships with Subjective Well-Being,” Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 31, no. 5 (2003): 431–51.
affects emotional well-being: Laura Redwine et al., “A Pilot Randomized Study of a Gratitude Journaling Intervention on HRV and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Stage B Heart Failure Patients,” Psychosomatic Medicine 78, no. 6 (2016): 667.
following the Heisman Trophy award: Joe Burrow, interview with ESPN, January 6, 2020, youtube.com/watch?v=O-CJBHcAUOM.
“every new encounter or event is contaminated by the past”: Bessel van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma (New York: Penguin, 2015).
a universal force that stops people: Steven Pressfield, The War of Art: Break Through the Blocks and Win Your Inner Creative Battles (New York: Black Irish Entertainment LLC, 2002).
mental shutdown when facing mathematics: Jennifer Ruef, “Think You’re Bad at Math? You May Suffer from ‘Math Trauma,’” The Conversation, November 1, 2018, theconversation.com/think-youre-bad-at-math-you-may-suffer-from-math-trauma-104209.
often score zero on imagination: Van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score.
Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck: Carol S. Dweck, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success (New York: Random House Digital, 2008).
a fixed mindset is a “premature cognitive commitment”: Benzion Chanowitz and Ellen J. Langer, “Premature Cognitive Commitment,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41, no. 6 (1981): 1051.
exaggerated fear of failure: Dweck, Mindset.
“obstacles but by a clear path to a lesser goal”: Robert Brault, Round Up the Usual Subjects: Thoughts on Just About Everything (CreateSpace, 2014).
“true self at all but the loss of it”: Gabor Maté, In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2011).
Singer’s book The Untethered Soul: Michael Singer, The Untethered Soul: The Journey Beyond Yourself (Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2007).
“the day I hung up my sneakers”: Kobe Bryant, The Mamba Mentality: How I Play (New York: MCD, 2018).
As the author Dr. Joe Dispenza states: Joe Dispenza, “How to Unlock the Full Potential of Your Mind | Dr. Joe Dispenza on Impact Theory,” YouTube, June 12, 2018, youtube.com/watch?v=La9oLLoI5Rc.
“absence of an empathetic witness”: Peter A. Levine and Ann Frederick, Waking the Tiger: Healing Trauma (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1997).
survivors don’t report the abuse: National Sexual Violence Resource Center, “Statistics About Sexual Violence,” nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/publications_nsvrc_factsheet_media-packet_statistics-about-sexual-violence_0.pdf.
“feel inferior without your consent”: Quoted in Reader’s Digest 37, no. 221 (September 1940): 84.
twenty-six-year-old client, Joan Frances Casey: Joan Frances Casey and Lynn I. Wilson, The Flock: The Autobiography of a Multiple Personality (New York: Ballantine, 1992).
TV personality Lisa Ling: Tim Ferriss, “Lisa Ling—Exploring Subcultures, Learning to Feel, and Changing Perception (#388),” Tim Ferriss Blog, tim.blog/2019/09/26/lisa-ling/.
“serious trouble and you will be right”: Henry Eyring, “Try, Try, Try,” Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2018/10/try-try-try.
mutual trust and understanding occur: David L. Cooperrider and Diana Kaplin Whitney, Appreciative Inquiry: A Positive Revolution in Change (San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2005).
“Contained in those memories are not just the events”: Gordon Livingston, Too Soon Old, Too Late Smart: Thirty True Things You Need to Know Now (Boston: Lifelong Books, 2009).
“What does a man do for an encore”: Buzz Aldrin and Ken Abraham, Magnificent Desolation: The Long Journey Home from the Moon (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2010).
“But let’s go for the next goal”: “The Jump: Rachel Nichols Interviews Giannis Antetokounmpo,” YouTube, July 22, 2019, youtube.com/watch?v=e3yh284Fkok.
“future bigger than your past”: Dan Sullivan and Catherine Nomura, The Laws of Lifetime Growth: Always Make Your Future Bigger Than Your Past (Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2016).
“Meaning connects things”: Roy F. Baumeister, Meanings of Life (New York: Guilford Press, 1991).
create meaning from our experiences: Crystal L. Park, “Making Sense of the Meaning Literature: An Integrative Review of Meaning Making and Its Effects on Adjustment to Stressful Life Events,” Psychological Bulletin 136, no. 2 (2010): 257.
“We see the world, not as it is, but as we are”: Stephen R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in Personal Change (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004; originally published 1989).
manage something you’re not aware of: Alicia A. Grandey, “Emotional Regulation in the Workplace: A New Way to Conceptualize Emotional Labor,” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 5, no. 1 (2000): 95.
unity and purpose to our lives: Dan P. McAdams and Kate C. McLean, “Narrative Identity,” Current Directions in Psychological Science 22, no. 3 (2013): 233–38.
Dan Sullivan calls “the gap and the gain”: Dan Sullivan, The Gap and the Gain, Strategic Coach, now.strategiccoach.com/the-gap-and-the-gain-ebook.
winning bestseller Growing Up: Russell Baker, Growing Up (New York: RosettaBooks, 2011; originally published 1982).
“color our past either happy or sad”: Livingston, Too Soon Old, Too Late Smart.
“totally false with each retrieval”: D. J. Bridge and K. A. Paller, “Neural Correlates of Reactivation and Retrieval-Induced Distortion,” Journal of Neuroscience 32, no. 35 (2012): 12144–51.
even if imperceptibly: Kamal Ravikant, Love Yourself Like Your Life Depends on It (CreateSpace, 2012).
“hold to your principles”: Clayton Christensen, How Will You Measure Your Life? (New York: Harper Business, 2012).
“Make your vision of where you want to be a reality”: Paul Arden, It’s Not How Good You Are, It’s How Good You Want to Be (New York: Phaidon, 2003).
“There’s a million things I haven’t done”: Lin-Manuel Miranda, Alex Lacamoire, and Ron Chernow, Hamilton: An American Musical (Atlantic Recording Corporation, 2015).
“characteristics that drive us to behave as we do”: John E. Sarno, Healing Back Pain: The Mind-Body Connection (New York: Warner Books, 1991).
his book: The Body Keeps the Score: Bessel van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma (New York: Penguin, 2015).
“turning experience into biology”: Steven Cole quoted in David Dobbs, “The Social Life of Genes,” Pacific Standard, September 3, 2013, psmag.com/social-justice/the-social-life-of-genes-64616.
our brain and body is emotions: Candace B. Pert, Molecules of Emotion: Why You Feel the Way You Feel (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997).
subconscious loop you’ve played out: Joe Dispenza, Breaking the Habit of Being Yourself: How to Lose Your Mind and Create a New One (Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2012).
“familiar zone where we feel secure”: Gay Hendricks, The Big Leap: Conquer Your Hidden Fear and Take Life to the Next Level (New York: HarperCollins, 2009).
the only way to alter your subconscious: Candice Pert, “Your Body Is Your Subconscious Mind” (audio CD) (Louisville, CO: Sounds True, 2004).
easier for us to live with physical pain: Sarno, Healing Back Pain.
“unconscious mind: which is the body”: Steven Ray Ozanich, The Great Pain Deception: Faulty Medical Advice Is Making Us Worse, 1st ed. (Warren, OH: Silver Cord Records, 2011).
either cope with or avoid them: Van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score.
“The best of all medicines are rest and fasting”: Benjamin Franklin in Tryon Edwards (ed.), A Dictionary of Thoughts (Detroit, MI: F. B. Dickerson Co., 1907), 339.
nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and other drugs: “Dr. Cinque’s Facts about Fasting.” Retrieved in December 2019 at drcinque.com/facts.html.
confidence while reducing your anxiety: J. L. Chan, J. E. Mietus, Mietus, P. M. Raciti, A. L. Goldberger, and C. S. Mantzoros, “Short-term Fasting-induced Autonomic Activation and Changes in Catecholamine Levels Are Not Mediated by Changes in Leptin Levels in Healthy Humans,” Clinical Endocrinology 66, no. 1 (2006): 49–57.
increases your number of brain cells: B. Martin, M. P. Mattson, and S. Maudsley, “Caloric Restriction and Intermittent Fasting: Two Potential Diets for Successful Brain Aging,” Ageing Research Reviews 5, no. 3 (2006): 332–53.
increase your longevity and lifespan: B. D. Horne, C. Bartholomew, J. L. Anderson, H. T. May, K. U. Knowlton, T. L. Bair, and J. B. Muhlestein, “Intermittent Fasting Lifestyle and Human Longevity in Cardiac Catheterization Populations,” Circulation 140, no. suppl_1 (2019): A11123.
age-related declines in cognitive and motor abilities: R. Singh, S. Manchanda, T. Kaur, S. Kumar, D. Lakhanpal, S. S. Lakhman, and G. Kaur, “Middle Age Onset Short-Term Intermittent Fasting Dietary Restriction Prevents Brain Function Impairments in Male Wistar Rats,” Biogerontology 16, no. 6 (2015): 775–88.
cognitive stressors that bring about: J. B. Johnson, W. Summer, R. G. Cutler, B. Martin, D-H Hyun, V. D. Dixit, M. Pearson, M. Nassar, R. Tellejohan, S. Maudsley, O. Carlson, S. John, D. R. Laub, and M.R. Mattson, “Alternate Day Calorie Restriction Improves Clinical Findings and Reduces Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Overweight Adults with Moderate Asthma,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine 42, no. 5 (2007): 665–74.
improve the overall quality of your sleep: A. Michalsen, F. Schlegel, A. Rodenbeck, R. Lüdtke, G. Huether, H. Teschler, and G. J. Dobos, “Effects of Short-Term Modified Fasting on Sleep Patterns and Daytime Vigilance in Non-Obese Subjects: Results of a Pilot Study,” Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 47, no. 5 (2003): 194–200.
ability to comprehend information: Á. Fontán-Lozano, J. L. Sáez-Cassanelli, M. C. Inda, M. de los Santos-Arteaga, S. A. Sierra-Domínguez, G. López-Lluch, G., and Á. M. Carrión, “Caloric Restriction Increases Learning Consolidation and Facilitates Synaptic Plasticity Through Mechanisms Dependent on NR2B Subunits of the NMDA Receptor,” Journal of Neuroscience 27, no. 38 (2007): 10185–95.
empty stomach helps you think: T. L. Horvath and S. Diano, “The Floating Blueprint of Hypothalamic Feeding Circuits,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5, no. 8 (2004): 662–67.
better focus on their creative work: Gladwell, Malcom, The Tim Ferriss Show Transcripts: Malcolm Gladwell (#168). Retrieved December 2019 at tim.blog/2018/06/01/the-tim-ferriss-show-transcripts-malcolm-gladwell/.
“actively to assist in your quest”: Rabbi Daniel Lapin, Thou Shall Prosper: Ten Commandments for Making Money (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009).
charitable giving was linked with feelings of happiness: W. T. Harbaugh, U. Mayr, and D. R. Burghart, “Neural Responses to Taxation and Voluntary Giving Reveal Motives for Charitable Donations,” Science 316 (5831): 1622–25.
providing charitable donations are linked to happiness: E. W. Dunn, L. B. Aknin, and M. I. Norton, “Spending Money on Others Promotes Happiness,” Science 319, no. 5870 (2008): 1687–88.
happiness is related to successful outcomes: Shawn Achor, The Happiness Advantage: The Seven Principles That Fuel Success and Performance at Work (London: Virgin, 2011).
“had paid tithing on the year before”: Wendy Watson Nelson, “Becoming the Person You Were Born to Be,” Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, January 10, 2016, churchofjesuschrist.org/broadcasts/article/worldwide-devotionals/2016/01/becoming-the-person-you-were-born-to-be?lang=eng.
“The ocean doesn’t care”: Mark Victor Hansen and Robert G. Allen, The One Minute Millionaire: The Enlightened Way to Wealth (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2009).
“the fate of the cells was controlled”: Bruce H. Lipton, The Biology of Belief: Unleashing the Power of Consciousness, Matter and Miracles (Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2005).
the home to a group of eight men: Ellen J. Langer, Counterclockwise: Mindful Health and the Power of Possibility (New York: Ballantine, 2009).
“his time plays many parts”: William Shakespeare, As You Like It, act 2, scene 7.
“the power of the situation”: Lee Ross and Richard E. Nisbett, The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social Psychology (London: Pinter & Martin, 2011; originally published 1991).
lacks recognition that in different situations: Brent D. Slife and Bradford J. Wiggins, “Taking Relationship Seriously in Psychotherapy: Radical Relationality,” Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 39, no. 1 (2009): 17.
From a relational worldview: Brent D. Slife, “Taking Practice Seriously: Toward a Relational Ontology,” Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology 24, no. 2 (2004): 157; Brent D. Slife and Frank C. Richardson, “Problematic Ontological Underpinnings of Positive Psychology: A Strong Relational Alternative,” Theory and Psychology 18, no. 5 (2008): 699–723.
peer group powerfully influences your behavior: Gina Tomé et al., “How Can Peer Group Influence the Behavior of Adolescents: Explanatory Model,” Global Journal of Health Science 4, no. 2 (2012): 26.
cultures view personality differently: Rachid Laajaj et al., “Challenges to Capture the Big Five Personality Traits in Non-WEIRD Populations,” Science Advances 5, no. 7 (2019): eaaw5226.
“responses across the two tests were pretty consistent”: Christopher Soto, “The Famous Big 5 Personality Test Might Not Reveal the True You,” NPR, July 10, 2019, npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/07/10/740214086/the-famous-big-5-personality-test-might-not-reveal-the-true-you.
“what I have done I can do again”: James Whistler quoted in Sterling W. Sill, “Great Experiences,” Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/1971/04/great-experiences.
“a lot of empty yesterdays”: Meredith Willson, The Music Man (1957).
“your output determines your future”: Zig Ziglar, Goals (New York: Simon & Schuster Audio, 1995).
psychologist Barry Schwartz explains: Barry Schwartz, The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less (New York: Ecco, 2004).
“oblivious to a lot of things intentionally”: Tim Ferriss, “Jason Fried—How to Live Life on Your Own Terms (#329),” Tim Ferriss Blog, tim.blog/2018/07/23/jason-fried/.
“I’ve stopped watching TV news”: Peter Diamandis, “What the News Media Won’t Tell You About Global Violence,” diamandis.com/blog/what-the-news-media-wont-tell-you-about-global-violence.
“If the situation demanded”: Will Durant and Ariel Durant, The Lessons of History (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012; originally published 1968).
sixteenth Milk Bar in Boston: Christina Tosi, Chef’s Table, Netflix, www.netflix.com/title/80007945.
designed the situation to force: Herman J. Damveld, Gijs C. Beerens, Marinus M. Van Paassen, and Max Mulder, “Design of Forcing Functions for the Identification of Human Control Behavior,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 33, no. 4 (2010): 1064–81.
goal is psychological flow: Steven Kotler, The Rise of Superman: Decoding the Science of Ultimate Human Performance (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014).
“our environment creates and controls us”: Marshall Goldsmith and Mark Reiter, Triggers: Creating Behavior That Lasts—Becoming the Person You Want to Be (New York: Crown Business, 2015).
“never elected anything to the contrary”: Wayne W. Dyer, Your Erroneous Zones (audio) (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1976).
“Everything happens for you, not to you”: Byron Katie and Stephen Mitchell, Loving What Is: How Four Questions Can Change Your Life (New York: Random House, 2008).