Unpublished Documents and Photographs
National Archives (Public Records Office), Kew, London
ADM Records of the Royal Admiralty, Royal Naval Forces, Royal Marines, Royal Coastguard, and related bodies.
AIR Records created or inherited by the Air Ministry, the Royal Air Force, and related bodies.
BT Records of the Board of Trade and of successor and related bodies.
CAB Records of the Cabinet Office.
CO Records of the Colonial Office, Commonwealth Office, Foreign and Commonwealth Offices, Empire Marketing Board, and related bodies.
FO Records created and inherited by the Foreign Office.
GFM Copies of captured records of the German, Italian, and Japanese governments.
HO Records created or inherited by the Home Office, Ministry of Home Security, and related bodies.
HW Records created and inherited by Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).
KV Records of the Security Service.
T Records created and inherited by HM Treasury.
WO Records created or inherited by the War Office, Armed Forces, Judge Advocate General, and related bodies.
Rio de Janeiro
Arquivo Geral da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Arquivo Histórico do Exército.
Arquivo Histórico do Itamaraty.
Arquivo Nacional.
O Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil (CPDOC).
Arquivo Nacional, Torre do Tombo, Lisboa, Portugal
AOS Arquivo Salazar.
Comissão de Livro Branco do Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros.
Correspondência Diplomática. 1935–1946.
Correspondência Oficial. 1928–1946.
Correspondência Oficial Especial. 1934–1946.
Diários. 1936–1946.
Papéis Pessoais. 1936–1946.
The Wiener Library, London
Mf Doc 2 International Committee of the Red Cross: G59 Israélites. 1939–1961.
Mf Doc 56 World Jewish Congress: Central Files. 1919–1976.
548 Wilfred Israel papers. 1940s.
585 Documents regarding the Nazis in Spain. 1933–1936.
660 Thomas Cook and Son: Storage Records Book. 1914–1969.
683 Jewish Refugees in Portugal: various papers. 1930s.
1072 Records and correspondence regarding Gurs and other French concentration camps. 1940s.
1100 Nsdap Auswaertigesamt: papers on Jews in Spain and Portugal. 1930s.
US Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington, DC
General correspondence between Jewish refugees in Brazil and officials and relatives.
Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive at US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
US Holocaust Memorial Museum Photograph Archive, Washington, DC.
W/S/59581–86458: photographs of Jewish refugees in (and departing) Lisbon during World War II.
US National Archives, College Park, Maryland
RG84 Classified records of the US Embassy in Rio. 1937–1954.
RG165 Records of the War Department, Military Intelligence Division, Brazil. 1937–1946.
RG84 Classified records of the US Embassy in Lisbon. 1939–1945.
RG84 Classified records of the US Embassy in Madrid. 1940–1963.
RG84 Classified records of the US Embassy in Paris. 1944–1963.
RG226 Records of the Office of Strategic Services, relevant files to Brazil and Operation Safehaven.
Published Documents
“Foreign Relations of the United States, Brazil: 1939–1942.”
“Foreign Relations of the United States, Brazil: 1943–1945.”
O Cruzeiro do Sul: Coleção Completa do Órgão Especial da FEB na Itália. Rio de Janeiro: Léo Christiano Editorial, Biblioteca do Exército, 2011.
Magazines, News Agencies, Newspapers, and Television News
Associated Press
BBC News
British Pathé News
Correio de Manhã
Daily Express
Daily Mail
Daily Telegraph
Diário Carioca
Diário da Manhã
Diário de Notícias
Fatos e Fotos
Financial Times
Harpers
Jornal do Brasil
Life
New York Times
O Premeiro de Janeiro
Reuters
San Francisco Chronicle
The Atlantic
The Economist
Time
Times (London)
United Press
Washington Post
Books, Journals, and Articles
Anderson, James A. The History of Portugal. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2000.
Bachrach, Fabian. The Memoirs of Cordell Hull; In Two Volumes. New York: MacMillan, 1948.
Baer, Werner. The Brazilian Economy: Growth and Development. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2001.
Beevor, Antony. The Second World War. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2012.
Benamou, Catherine L. It’s All True: Orson Welles’s Pan-American Odyssey. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 2007.
Bethencourt, Francisco, and Diogo Ramada Curto. Portuguese Oceanic Expansion, 1400–1800. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Birmingham, David. A Concise History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Bower, Tom. Nazi Gold: The Full Story of the Fifty-Year Swiss-Nazi Conspiracy to Steal Billions from Europe’s Jews and Holocaust Survivors. New York: HarperCollins, 1997.
Bradsher, Greg. Holocaust-Era Assets: A Finding Aid to Records at the National Archives at College Park, Maryland. College Park, MD: NARA, 1999.
Branco, Manoel Thomaz Castello. O Brasil na II Grande Guerra. Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca do Exército, 1960.
Brandão, Fernando de Castro. Antonio de Oliveira Salazar: Uma Cronologia. Lisboa: Editora Prefacio, 2011.
Burleigh, Michael. The Third Reich: A New History. London: Pan Books, 2001.
Caetano, Marcello. Minhas Memórias de Salazar. Lisboa: Editorial Verbo, 2006.
Callow, Simon. Orson Welles: Hello Americans. London: Vintage Books, 2007.
———. Orson Welles: The Road to Xanadu. London: Vintage Books, 1996.
Carneiro, Maria Luiza Tucci. O Anti-Semitismo na Era Vargas. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2001.
Caron, Vicki. Uneasy Asylum: France and the Jewish Refugee Crisis, 1933–1942. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Carrazzoni, André. Getúlio Vargas. Rio de Janeiro: Livaria José Olympio Editora, 1939.
Carvalho, José Murilo de. “Armed Forces and Politics in Brazil, 1930–45.” Hispanic American Historical Review 62, no. 2 (May 1982): 193–223.
Castaño, David. Paternalismo e Cumplicidade: As Relações Luso-Britânicas de 1943 a 1949. Lisboa: Associação dos Amigos do Arquivo Histórico-Diplomático, 2006.
Churchill, Winston. The Second World War (Abridged Version). London: Pimlico, 2002.
———. The Second World War. 6 vols. London: Folio Society, 2000.
Claret, Martin. O Pansemento Vivo de Getúlio Vargas. São Paulo: Martin Claret Editores, 1989.
Cruz, Natália dos Reis. “A Imigração Judaica no Brasil e o Anti-Semitismo no Discurso das Elites.” Politica and Sociedade 8, no. 15 (October 2009): 225–250.
Davis, Darién J., and Oliver Marshall. Stefan and Lotte Zweig’s South American Letters: New York, Argentina and Brazil, 1940–42. New York and London: Continuum Books, 2010.
Delgado, Humberto. The Memoirs of General Delgado. London: Cassell, 1964.
Disney, Anthony R. A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Duggan, Christopher. A Concise History of Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Dulles, John W. F. Vargas of Brazil: A Political Biography. Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 1967.
Eccles, David. By Safe Hand: Letters of Sybil and David Eccles, 1939–42. London, Sydney, and Toronto: The Bodley Head, 1983.
Eisenhower, Dwight D. Crusade in Europe. London and Toronto: William Heinemann, 1946.
Eizenstat, Stuart E. Imperfect Justice: Looted Assets, Slave Labor, and the Unfinished Business of World War II. New York: PublicAffairs, 2003.
Evans, Richard J. The Third Reich at War: How the Nazis Led Germany from Conquest to Disaster. London: Penguin Books, 2009.
Falbel, Nachman. “Jewish Agricultural Settlement in Brazil.” Jewish History 21, no. 3/4 (2007): 325–340.
Fausto, Boris. A Concise History of Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Ferguson, Niall. The House of Rothschild: Money’s Prophets, 1798–1848. New York: Penguin Books, 1999.
———. The House of Rothschild: The World’s Banker, 1849–1999. New York: Penguin Books, 2000.
Ferraz, Francisco Alves. “Brazilian Participation in World War II.” Luso-Brazilian Review 47, no. 1 (2010): 11–39.
Ferro, Antonio. Salazar: Portugal and Her Leader. London: Faber and Faber, 1935.
Figueiredo, Antonio de. Portugal: Fifty Years of Dictatorship. London: Penguin Books, 1975.
Foot, Michael R. D., and James M. Langley. MI9: Escape and Evasion 1939–1945. London: Biteback Publishing, 2011.
Frank, Waldo. America Hispana: A Portrait and a Prospect. New York and London: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1931.
———. South American Journey. London: Travel Book Club, 1946.
Friedman, Max Paul. Nazis and Good Neighbors: The United States Campaign Against the Germans of Latin America in World War II. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Fry, Varian. Surrender on Demand. Boulder, CO: Johnson Publishing/United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 1997.
Gaddis, John L. George F. Kennan: An American Life. New York: Penguin Press, 2011.
García, Juan Pujol, and Nigel West. Operation Garbo: The Personal Story of the Most Successful Spy of World War II. London: Biteback Publishing, 2011.
Garcia, Maria M. Arquivo Salazar: Inventário e Índices. Lisboa: Editorial Estampa/Biblioteca Nacional, 1992.
Garnier, Christine. Salazar in Portugal: An Intimate Portrait. New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1954.
Gellman, Irwin F. Secret Affairs: FDR, Cordell Hull, and Sumner Welles. New York: Enigma Books, 1995.
Ginsburg, Solomon L. A Wandering Jew in Brazil: An Autobiography of Solomon L. Ginsburg. Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing, 2006.
Gunther, John. Inside Latin America. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1942.
Hastings, Max. All Hell Let Loose: The World at War, 1939–1945. London: HarperPress, 2011.
Herz, Norman. Operation Alacrity: The Azores and the War in the Atlantic. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2004.
Hildebrand, Klaus. The Foreign Policy of the Third Reich. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1973.
———. The Third Reich. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1984.
Hilton, Stanley E. “Diplomacy and the Washington–Rio de Janeiro ‘Axis’ During the World War II Era.” Hispanic American Historical Review 59, no. 2 (May 1979): 201–231.
———. Hitler’s Secret War in South America, 1939–1945: German Military Espionage and Allied Counterespionage in Brazil. New York: Ballantine Books, 1982.
———. “The Overthrow of Getúlio Vargas in 1945: Diplomatic Intervention, Defense of Democracy, or Political Retribution?” Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 1 (February 1987): 1–37.
———. “The United States, Brazil, and the Cold War, 1945–1960: End of the Special Relationship.” The Journal of American History 68, no. 3 (December 1981): 599–624.
Hinsely, Francis H. British Intelligence in the Second World War. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1993.
Hoare, Samuel (Viscount Templewood). Ambassador on Special Mission. London: Collins, 1946.
———. Nine Troubled Years. London: Collins, 1954.
Holland, James. Italy’s Sorrow: A Year of War, 1944–45. London: HarperPress, 2008.
Holt, Taddeus. The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. London: Phoenix, 2005.
Hull, Cordell. The Memoirs of Cordell Hull. 2 vols. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1948.
Justino, Ana C., ed. O Século XX em Revista: Actas do Ciclo de Conferencias Realizado No Espaço-Memória dos Exílios, Estoril, em 2000/2001. Cascais: Câmara Municipal de Cascais, 2002.
Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal: A Biography. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1970.
Laqueur, Walter. Generation Exodus: The Fate of Young Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany. Hanover, NH, and London, UK: University Press of New England, 2001.
Lauderbaugh, George M. “Bolivarian Nations: Securing the Northern Frontier.” In Latin America During World War II, edited by Thomas M. Leonard and John F. Bratzel, 109–125. Plymouth, UK: Rowan and Littlefield Publishers, 2007.
Lesser, Jeffrey. Welcoming the Undesirables: Brazil and the Jewish Question. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
———. “Continuity and Change Within an Immigrant Community: The Jews of São Paulo, 1924–1945.” Luso-Brazilian Review 25, no. 2 (Winter 1988): 45–58.
———. “How the Jews Became Japanese and Other Stories of Nation and Ethnicity.” Jewish History 18, no. 1 (2004): 7–17.
———. “The Immigration and Integration of Polish Jews in Brazil, 1924–1934.” The Americas 51, no. 2 (October 1994): 173–191.
———. “Immigration and Shifting Concepts of National Identity in Brazil During the Vargas Era.” Luso-Brazilian Review 31, no. 2 (1994): 23–44.
———. Welcoming the Undesirables: Brazil and the Jewish Question. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995.
Levine, Robert M. The Brazilian Photographs of Genevieve Naylor, 1940–1942. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998.
———. “Brazil’s Jews During the Vargas Era and After.” Luso-Brazilian Review 5, no. 1 (Summer 1968): 45–58.
———. Father of the Poor? Vargas and His Era. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
———. The History of Brazil. Wesport, CT, and London: Greenwood Press, 1999.
———. The Vargas Regime: The Critical Years, 1934–1938. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1970.
Livermore, Harold V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.
Lochery, Neill. Lisbon: War in the Shadows of the City of Light, 1939–1945. New York: PublicAffairs, 2011.
MacDonald, Callum A. “The Politics of Intervention: The United States and Argentina, 1941–1946.” Journal of Latin American Studies 12, no. 2 (November 1980): 365–396.
Machado, F. Zenha. Os Últimas Dias do Govêrno de Vargas: A Crise Política de Agôsto de 1954. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Lux, 1955.
Macintyre, Ben. Agent ZigZag: The True Wartime Story of Eddie Chapman: Lover, Betrayer, Hero, Spy. London: Bloomsbury, 2010.
Madeira, Lina Alves. Correspondência de um Diplomata no III Reich: Veiga Simões, Ministro Acreditado em Berlim de 1933 a 1940. Coimbra: Mar da Palavra Edições, 2001.
Mandrell, James. “Carmen Miranda Betwixt and Between, or, Neither Here Nor There.” Latin American Literary Review 29, no. 57 (January–June 2001): 26–39.
Matos, Helena. Salazar: A Construção do Mito, 1928–1933. Lisboa: Círculode Leitores e Temas e Debates, 2010.
———. Salazar: A Propoganda, 1934–1938. Lisboa: Círculode Leitores e Temas e Debates, 2010.
Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
McCann, Bryan. Hello, Hello Brazil: Popular Music in the Making of Modern Brazil. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2004.
McCann, Frank D. “Brazil and World War II: The Forgotten Ally. What Did You Do in the War, Zé Carioca?” Tel Aviv University, 1997. This article was also published in Estudios Interdisciplinarios de America Latina y el Caribe 6, no. 2 (July–December 1995): 35–70. http://www.tau.ac.il/eial/VI_2/mccann.htm.
———. “The Brazilian Army and the Problem of Mission, 1939–1964.” Journal of Latin American Studies 12, no. 1 (May 1980): 107–126.
———. “Brazil, the United States, and World War II: A Commentary.” Diplomatic History 3, no. 1 (January 1979): 59–76.
Mendes, Oswaldo. Getúlio Vargas. São Paulo: Editora Moderna, 1986.
Meneses, Filipe Ribeiro de. Salazar: A Political Biography. New York: Enigma Books, 2009.
Milgram, Avraham. Portugal, Salazar e os Judeus. Lisboa: Gravida Publicações, 2010.
Muggeridge, Malcolm. Ciano’s Diary: 1939–1943. London and Toronto: William Heinemann, 1947.
Narloch, Leandro. Guia Politicamente Incorreto da História do Brasil. Alfragide: Dom Quixote, 2011.
Niemeyer, Oscar. The Curves of Time: The Memoirs of Oscar Niemeyer. London and New York: Phaidon Press, 2000.
Nunes, João Paulo Avelãs. O Estado Novo e o Volfrâmio, 1933–1947. Coimbra: Coimbra University Press. 2010.
Overy, Richard. The Dictators: Hitler’s Germany, Stalin’s Russia. London: Penguin Books, 2005.
Paxton, Robert O. The Anatomy of Fascism. London: Penguin Books, 2005.
Payne, Stanley G. A History of Fascism, 1914–45. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2005.
———.. A History of Spain and Portugal. 2 vols. Madison and London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1973.
Peixoto, Alzira Vargas de Amaral. Getúlio Vargas: Meu Pai. Rio de Janeiro: Editôra Globo, 1960.
Persico, Joseph E. The Imperial Rockefeller: A Biography of Nelson A. Rockefeller. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.
Philby, Kim. My Silent War: The Autobiography of a Spy. New York: Modern Library, 1968.
Philips, Harlan B. Felix Frankfurter Reminisces: Recorded in Talks with Dr. Harlan B. Philips. London: Secker and Warburg, 1960.
Pimental, Irene Flunser. Judeus em Portugal Durante a II Guerra Mundial: Em Fuga de Hitlier e do Holocausto. Lisboa: A Esfera dos Livros, 2006.
Pinheiro, Magda. Biografia de Lisboa. Lisboa: A Estefra dos Livros, 2011.
Rambali, Paul. It’s All True: In the Cities and Jungles of Brazil. London: William Heinemann, 1993.
Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer, 1908–1958. New York and London: Doubleday, 1996.
Roberts, Andrew. The Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War. London: Penguin Books, 2010.
Rodrigues, Luís Nuno. Franklin Roosevelt: E Os Açores Na Duas Guerras Mundial. Lisboa: Fundação Luso-Americana, 2008.
Roett, Riordan. The New Brazil. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2011.
Rosas, Fernando, Julia Leitão de Barros, and Pedro de Oliveira. Armindo Monteiro e Oliveira Salazar: Correspondência Política, 1926–1955. Lisboa: Editorial Estampa, 1996.
Russell-Wood, Anthony J. R. The Portuguese Empire, 1415–1808: A World on the Move. Baltimore, MD, and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Salazar, António de Oliveira. Pensamento e Doutrina Política. Lisboa: Babel, 2010.
Saraiva, José Hermano. Portugal: A Companion History. Manchester, UK: Carcanet Press, 1997.
Schellenberg, Walter. Walter Schellenberg: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Spymaster. London: André Deutsch (Carlton Publishing Group), 2006.
Schreiner, Claus. Múscia Brasileira: A History of Popular Music and the People of Brazil. New York and London: Marion Boyars Publishers, 2002.
Selby, Walford. Diplomatic Twilight, 1930–1940. London: John Murray Publishers, 1953.
Shepherd, Naomi. A Refuge from Darkness: Wilfred Israel and the Rescue of the Jews. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.
Skidmore, Thomas E. Brazil: Five Centuries of Change. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
———. “Brazil’s American Illusion: From Dom Pedro II to the Coup of 1964.” Luso-Brazilian Review 23, no. 2 (Winter 1986): 71–84.
———. Politics in Brazil, 1930–1964: An Experiment in Democracy. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Smallman, Shawn C. Fear and Memory in the Brazilian Army and Society, 1889–1954. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.
Smith, Michael. The Secrets of Station X: How the Bletchley Park Codebreakers Helped Win the War. London: Biteback Publishing, 2011.
Stone, Glyn. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936–1941. Suffolk, UK: Royal Historical Society/Boydell Press, 1994.
———. Spain, Portugal and the Great Powers, 1931–1941. Hampshire, UK, and New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005.
Taylor, Alan J. P. The Origins of the Second World War. London: Penguin Books, 1991.
Telo, António José. A Neutralidade Portuguesa e o Ouro Nazi. Lisboa: Quetzal Editores, 2000.
———. Portugal na Segunda Guerra, 1941–1945. 2 vols. Lisboa: Vega, 1991.
Thomas, Bob. Walt Disney: An American Original. New York: Disney Editions, 1994.
Tota, Antonio Pedro. The Seduction of Brazil: The Americanization of Brazil During World War II. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009.
Trabulo, António. O Diário de Salazar. Lisboa: Parceria A. M. Pereira, 2008.
Turner, Ewart Edmund. “German Influence in South Brazil.” Public Opinion Quarterly 6, no. 1 (Spring 1942): 57–69.
Vargas, Getúlio. Diário: Volume II, 1937–1942. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Siciliano/Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 1995.
———. Discurso de Posse na Academia Brasileira de Letras. Rio de Janeiro: Americedit, 1944.
Vincent, Isabel. “Luis Martins de Souza Dantas: Brazil’s Schindler.” Macleans, May 15, 2005.
Vincente, Ana. Portugal: Visto Pela Espanha, Correspondência Diplomática, 1939–1960. Lisboa: Assírio e Alvim, 1992.
Waller, Douglas. Wild Bill Donovan: The Spymaster Who Created the OSS and Modern American Espionage. New York and London: Free Press, 2011.
Walters, Guy. Hunting Evil: How the Nazi War Criminals Escaped and the Hunt to Bring Them to Justice. London: Bantam Press, 2009.
Weis, W. Michael. “The Fundação Getúlio Vargas and the New Getúlio.” Luso-Brazilian Review 24, no. 2 (Winter 1987): 49–60.
Welles, Orson, and Peter Bogdanovich. This Is Orson Welles. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998.
Wheeler, Douglas L. Historical Dictionary of Portugal. Metuchen, NJ, and London: Scarecrow Press, 1993.
Wilken, Patrick. Empire Adrift: The Portuguese Court in Rio de Janeiro, 1808–1821. London: Bloomsbury, 2004.
Williams, Daryle. Culture Wars in Brazil: The First Vargas Regime, 1930–1945. Durham, NC, and London: Duke University Press, 2001.
Williamson, Edwin. The Penguin History of Latin America. London: Penguin Books, 2009.
Woodward, Llewellyn. History of the Second World War: British Foreign Policy in the Second World War. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1962.
Zweig, Stefan. Brazil: Land of the Future. New York: Viking Press, 1941.