Glossary of Arabic Terms

ahl-al-kitab

people of the book: Jews and Christians

al-arkan al-khamsah

five pillars of Islam

al-asalah

authenticity

al-hall al-Islami

Islamic solution

al-hall huwa al-Islam

Islam is the solution

al-hulul al-mustawradah

imports from the West

al-Islamiyya

Islamism

al-istishraq

Orientalism

al-kuffar al-yahud

Jewish unbeliever

al-nusus al-qat’iyya

absolute divine texts

al-sahwa al-Islamiyya

Islamic awakening

al-sahyuniyya al-alamiyya

world Zionism

al-yahudiyya al-’alamiyya

world Jewry

al-yahud wa al-salibiyun

Jews and crusaders

anzimat al-hazima

regimes of defeat

aql

reason

ashraf

Muslim nobility

awqaf

religious affairs

azmat al-democratiyya

crisis of democracy

bid’a

destructive innovation

butlan

invalidity

dar al-harb

abode of war

dar al-Islam

abode of peace

dar al-shahadah

Islamic territoriality

da’wa

proselytization

dawla

state

dawla Islamiyya

Islamic shari’a-based state

dhimmi

protected monotheist minorities

din

religion

din-wa-dawla

unity of state and religion

dönme

hidden Jews

dustur

constitution

falsafa

rationalism

faqihs, fuqaha’

jurists

farida

obligation

farida ghaibah

neglected duty

fatwa

legal judgment

fiqh

orthodoxy

fitna

sexual danger, violence among Muslims

futuhat

opening

gharb salibi

crusader West

ghazu fikri

intellectual invasion of the world of Islam

hadith

canonical accounts of what the Prophet said and did

hadj

pilgrimage

hafat al-hawiya

brink

hajji (m), hajja (f)

pilgrim

hakimiyyat Allah

God’s rule

halal

permitted

haram

forbidden

harb, hurub (pl)

war

harb al-afkar

war of ideas

hijra

migration of the Prophet to Mecca

hisab

agenda

hudna

temporary peace

hudud

penal code

hukuma Islamiyya

Islamic government

hulul mustawrada

imported solutions

ibadat

cult rules

’idwan

aggression of unbelievers

iham

deception

ijma’

consensus doctorum

ijtihad

free reasoning

iman

belief

Islamiyyat

Islamicity

jahiliyya

pre-Islamic ignorance

jahl

ignorance

jihad al-nafs

self-exertion

jizya

tax on Christians and Jews

kalam

theology

khair umma

chosen people

khiyana uzma

great treason

kuffar

infidels

kufr

unbelief

la’ama

wickedness

madhahib

Sunni shari’a schools

ma’rakatuna ma’a al-yahud

our fight against the Jews

mu’amalat

civil law

mu’amarah

conspiracy

mu’amarat al-istishraq

conspiracy of Orientalism

mukhabarat

secret police

mukhtat yahudi

Jewish master plan

mustaghribun

Westernizers

mutakalimun

theologian

nizam Islami

new Islamic order, state order

nizam salih

just system

qital

physical fighting against the kuffar for the spread of Islam

qiyama

resurrection

qiyas

conclusion by analogy

rabbaniyya

theocentrism

ra’s hurbah

spearhead

riddah

apostasy

sahwa Islamiyya

Islamic revival

sahyuniyyun

Zionists

salat

daily prayers

salibiyyun

crusaders

shahadah

unity of God and the acknowledgment of Mohammed as His messenger; allegiance to Islam

shahdid

martyrs

sheykh

religious or tribal leader

shura

consultation

shurk

heresy

simat al-yahud

basic traits of the Jews

siyadat al-Islam

dominance of Islam

siyasa

politics

tadhiya

sacrifice

taghrib

agenda of Westernization

takfir

excommunication from the umma

takfiri

person or group that accuses Muslims of kufr (unbelief) in pursuit of excommunication from the umma, often followed by execution

takhtit al-yahudi al-alami

Jewish world master plan

taqiyya

dissimulation

taschr’I

legislation

tatbiq al-shari’a

implementation of shari’a

thawrah

revolution

thawrah alamiyyah

world revolution

ulema

men of knowledge, informal clergy

umma

worldwide Muslim community

wahi

revelation

waqf Islami

nonnegotiable divinity

yahud

Jews

zakat

alms