INDEX

A

  • Aalto University
  • Academic programs. See also Interdisciplinary Product Development program (University of Illinois at Chicago); Open Innovation Program (Massey University)
  • Accessible information:
    • in idea markets
    • in prediction markets
    • in preference markets
    • in virtual stock markets
  • Access panels
  • Accuracy:
    • of idea markets
    • of prediction markets
    • of preference markets
    • of virtual stock markets
  • Acorn¯
  • Actionable outcomes, integration of
  • Action plans
  • Activate phase (communicating outcomes)
  • Activation and deprivation exercises
  • Adaptability, of small companies
  • Adhesive Packaging Design Contest
  • Ad hoc collaborations:
    • objectives of
    • university–industry teams for
  • Adoption phase (customer journey)
  • Advanced Development Programs
  • Advertising, geo-specific
  • Advisory Board, of Open Innovation Program
  • “The Agent of the Future” concept
  • Aggregators, deal
  • Agreements:
    • nondisclosure
    • project
  • Aims, in project proposals
  • Airbnb
  • Air France
  • Algorithms, pricing, see Pricing algorithms
  • Amazon
  • American Pharmacists Association Foundation
  • American Productivity and Quality Center (APQC)
  • American Society of Hospital Engineers
  • Amway:
    • best practices at
    • key enablers at
    • measurement and improvement at
    • processes at
    • roles at
    • strategy at
  • Analogies
  • Analysis plans, in interaction guides
  • Analyzing the Analyzers (H. D. Harris)
  • Apohenia
  • Appert, Nicholas
  • Applied Technology Centre
  • Aquasar
  • Arguments, battles of
  • Arizona State University
  • Armstrong Building Products
  • Arthur D. Little
  • Arthur D. Little Emerging Technologies Workshop on Advanced Manufacturing Processes/Moldless Forming
  • Asheville Project
  • Asia, intrinsic motivation in
  • Atkins, R.
  • AT&T
  • Automated market makers (AMMs)
  • Automobile industry, Big Data in

B

  • Badges, in private online communities
  • Bandung Institute of Technology
  • Barr, Edward
  • BASF
  • Basic attributes (customer satisfaction model)
  • Battles of arguments
  • Beiersdorf
  • Béju-Bécheur, A.
  • Bell Labs
  • Belonging, sense of
  • Benchmarks
  • Bentley College
  • Berg, J. E.
  • Best Buy
  • Best practices. See also Open Innovation: Enhancing Idea Generation Through Collaboration (APQC)
    • for measurement and improvement
    • process-related
    • role-related
    • at small companies
    • strategy-related
  • Beta invitations
  • Betfair
  • BGW
  • Big Data
    • business influence of
    • Cup of Information approach
    • defined
    • and Open Innovation
    • pitfalls with
    • and spreadable content
    • successful use of
  • Big Hairy Audacious Goal (BHAG)
  • Black & Decker
  • Black & White antiperspirant
  • Blind spots:
    • in generation phase
    • integrating selected external experts to detect
    • integrating unknown external sources to detect
    • opening up foresight process to detect
    • tapping external sources to detect
  • Blogs:
    • firms' use of
    • of mass end users
    • private online communities vs.
    • selecting platforms that support
    • social publishing with
  • Bluml, Ben
  • Boards:
    • bulletin
    • consumer consulting
    • message
  • Boston University
  • Boundary objects
  • Boundary spanners
  • Box Office Mojo
  • Box Office Report
  • BrainBank
  • BrainJuicer
  • Brainstorming
  • Breakthrough thinking
  • Briefs, project
  • Brightidea
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation
  • British Telecommunications (BT):
    • best practices at
    • key enablers at
    • measurement and improvement at
    • processes at
    • roles at
    • strategy at
  • Brown, J. S.
  • Building collaborations (Stage 3):
    • considerations with
    • in kitchen of the future project
    • and other OI stages for extraordinary challenges
  • Built to Last (James Collins and Jerry Porras)
  • Bulletin boards
  • Bureaucracy
  • Business Model step (Getting Together phase)
  • Business potential, of insights
  • Business-to-business organizations, private online communities of

C

  • C2M Lite
  • Campbell's
  • Carnegie Mellon University
  • Center for Product and Innovation Management
  • Challenges. See also Extraordinary challenges
    • ideation
    • in private online communities
  • Champions:
    • of extraordinary challenges
    • of prediction markets
  • Change management
  • Chaples, S. S.
  • Chartering (Stage 4):
    • considerations with
    • in finance coopertition project
    • in medical waste project
    • and other OI stages for extraordinary challenges
  • Chen, K. Y.
  • Chesbrough, H.
  • Chief Data Officer (CDO)
  • Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), drive for Open Innovation from
  • China, intrinsic motivation in
  • China Europe International Business School
  • Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology
  • Cisco:
    • best practices at
    • key enablers at
    • measurement and improvement at
    • processes at
    • roles at
    • strategy at
  • Clorox
  • Closed foresight workshops
  • Closed innovation
  • Co-creation:
    • at Air France/KLM
    • benefits of
    • and crowdsourcing/structural collaboration
    • at Heineken
  • CogniStreamer
  • Co-inventor analysis
  • Collaboration(s). See also Building collaborations (Stage 3)
    • ad hoc
    • with consumers
    • with private online communities
    • productive
    • structural, see Structural collaborations
    • with universities, see University–industry collaborations
    • visual thinking to support
  • Collaborative and independent action (Stage 6):
    • considerations with
    • in diabetes care project
    • and other OI stages for extraordinary challenges
  • Collins, James
  • Co-located teams, at large companies
  • Comments, from customers
  • Commercialization:
    • customer involvement in
    • with university OI partners
  • Commercialization plans
  • Commitment:
    • change management to drive
    • in integration phase of workshops
    • to university–industry collaborations
  • Communication:
    • about collaborations with consumers
    • in foresight workshops
    • of outcomes from online communities
    • in private online communities
    • in university–industry collaborations
    • verbal only
  • Communication plans
  • Communication skills, for visual thinking
  • Communities:
    • diffusion of knowledge in
    • entertainment
    • expert
    • external unknown sources from
    • market research online
    • online. See also Private online communities
    • of practice
    • private
    • professional
    • social
  • Community-level gamification
  • Community panels
  • Competitive blind spots, see Blind spots
  • Competitive landscape analysis
  • Competitive positioning
  • Concepts, from private online communities
  • Concept mapping
  • Concept prototypes:
    • customer evaluations of
    • from IPD program
    • in university–industry collaborations
  • Concept-to-market (C2M) process
  • Conferences, finding OI partners at
  • Confidentiality
  • Conflicts of interest
  • Connect+Develop business model
  • Consensus Point
  • Constraints, in project proposals
  • Consultants
  • Consumer consulting boards
  • Consumers. See also Customers
    • collaborations with
    • empowered
    • new insights from
    • as validators
  • Content, spread of
  • Contests, see Idea, design, or solution contests
  • Contracts
  • Control(s):
    • of dialogue with customers
    • entrepreneurship and financial
    • Open Innovation and loss of
    • of social media initiatives
  • Cooperation networks
  • Coordination
  • Core teams
  • Corporations:
    • accuracy of prediction markets in
    • innovation in
    • virtual stock markets in
  • Correlation
  • Correlation matrix
  • Cowgill, B. J.
  • Craig, M.
  • Crawford, Merle
  • “Create Your Taste” campaign
  • Credit Union Mutual Insurance Company (CUNA Mutual)
  • Critical incident technique
  • Critiquing
  • Cross-functional teams
  • Crowd interpretation
  • Crowds:
    • forecasting by individuals vs.
    • participation in innovation by
  • Crowdsourcing:
    • and beta invitations
    • and co-creation/structural collaboration
    • at Eli Lilly
    • integrating external unknown sources with
    • integrating ideas generated by
    • in multistage open foresight workshops
    • OI partners from
    • and Open Innovation
    • social media for
  • Cukier, K.
  • Cultural Iceberg model
  • Cultural perspective, on OI
  • Culture:
    • in online communities
    • resistance to OI as part of
    • and trust in OI teams
  • Cunha, M. P.
  • Cup of Information (CoI) approach
  • Curiosity, as motivator
  • Customers. see also Consumers
    • comments from
    • dialogues with
    • “hijacking” of NPD initiatives by
    • as innovation research partners
    • inquiries from
    • integrating, into NPD process
    • listening to
    • successful integration of
    • voice of
  • Customer journey
  • Customer retention
  • Customer satisfaction model
  • Customer support, in beta/prototype testing
  • Cuttlefish
  • Cyber-Physical Systems

D

  • Dahan, E. J.
  • Daimler
  • Data science. See also Big Data
  • Data science teams
  • Data scientists
  • Daub, Cynthia
  • Deal sites and aggregators
  • Decision making:
    • knowledge modeling for
    • by OI teams
    • at small companies
  • Dedication, of moderators
  • Delft University of Technology
  • Deliverables (Stage 3)
  • Deliverables, in project proposal
  • Deliver step (Working Together phase)
  • Del Monte
  • De Montjoye, Y.-A.
  • DePaul University
  • Deprivation and activation exercises
  • De Ruyck, T.
  • Design and development (Stage 2)
  • Design contests, see Idea, design, or solution contests
  • “Design for the Environment” strategy
  • Development stage. See also New product development (NPD) process
  • Diabetes care project
  • Diabetes Ten City Challenge (DTCC)
  • Diagnosis of problem and design of process (Stage 2):
    • considerations with
    • for medical waste project
    • in orphaned pharmaceutical project
  • Dialogue with Customers (Level 2)
    • benefits of
    • and other levels of social media involvement
    • on third-party platforms
  • Dictatorship of data
  • Diemer, S.
  • Discovery, see Shared discovery (Stage 5)
  • Discovery phase (customer journey)
  • Dispute clause (project agreement)
  • Disruptive Possibilities (Jeffrey Needham)
  • Documentation, of university–industry collaborations
  • Dolby Voice audio conferencing service
  • Domain knowledge:
    • in idea markets
    • in prediction markets
    • in preference markets
    • and virtual stock markets
  • “Do or die” mentality
  • Double auction mechanisms
  • Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)
  • Drucker, Peter
  • Dual-process integration
  • “Dub the Dew” competition
  • Duguid, P.
  • DuPont
  • Dye, R.
  • Dynamics of correlation
  • Dynamic pari-mutual market makers

E

  • Eastern Europe, extrinsic motivation in
  • Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne
  • Edison, Thomas
  • Eli Lilly
  • Emergent nature consumer scale
  • Emerging technologies:
    • competitive landscape analysis for
    • patent analytics for identifying
  • Emotional burdens, employees'
  • Emotional valence
  • Empathy
  • Employees:
    • dialogues between customers and
    • emotional burdens on
    • relationships of external stakeholders and
    • sensitizing
  • Empowered consumers
  • Engagement:
    • customer
    • in private online communities
    • of student teams
  • Engage phase (communicating outcomes)
  • Enjoyment, as motivator
  • Enkel, Ellen
  • Enterprise amnesia
  • Entertainment, social
  • Entertainment communities
  • Entrepreneurship:
    • at large companies
    • at small companies
    • working conditions that encourage
  • Environmental changes, adaptability to
  • Estrada, Nelson
  • Ethnographic thinking
  • ETH Zurich
  • European Business School (EBS)
  • Evaluation phase (customer journey)
  • Excitement attributes (customer satisfaction model)
  • Expectations:
    • of NPD teams about user input
    • in university–industry collaborations
  • Experience, trading
  • Experience benchmarks
  • Experiential events
  • Expert communities
  • Expertise
  • Experts:
    • external
    • internal
    • use of Big Data by
    • virtual stock market
  • Exploratory problem-solving
  • Extended teams
  • External contributors. See also Integrating unknown external sources (Stage IV); Tapping external sources (Stage II)
  • External experts, see Integrating selected external experts (Stage III)
  • External organizations, partnerships with
  • External stakeholders
  • External success factors, for customer integration in NPD
  • Extraordinary challenges
    • building collaborations (Stage 3)
    • chartering (Stage 4)
    • collaborative and independent action (Stage 6)
    • diabetes care project
    • diagnosis of problem and design of process (Stage 2)
    • finance coopertition project
    • identifying need and motivated champion (Stage 1)
    • and innovation impact waves
    • kitchen of the future project
    • medical waste project
    • Moldless Forming project
    • Open Innovation process for
    • orphaned pharmaceutical project
    • shared discovery (Stage 5)
  • Extrinsic motivation

F

  • Facebook
    • and Adhesive Packaging Design Contest
    • and Daimler Smart car design contest
    • dialogues with customers on
    • firms' use of
    • “MyBurger” campaign
    • tools for monitoring
  • Facebook Likes
  • Fachhochschule Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences
  • Faculty team, dual-process integration by
  • Failure
  • Fake opinions
  • Fast Adaptable Next-Generation Ground Vehicle (FANG) program
  • Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector
  • Feedback
  • Fees
  • Filters, problem statement
  • Finance coopertition project
  • Financial controls
  • Financial rewards
  • Financial support
  • First of a kind (FOAK) projects
  • Focus groups
  • Ford, S.
  • Ford Motor Company
  • Forecasting, by individuals vs. crowds
  • Foresight. See also Open foresight workshops
  • Foresight processes
  • Formal presentations
  • Forums
  • Forward thinking moderators
  • Fraunhofer Society
  • Fresh perspective, with insights
  • Future developments, see Sensitization to future developments
  • “Future of Health” platform
  • Future orientation index
  • Fuzzy front end of innovation

G

  • Galton, Francis
  • Game Changers, at Shell
  • Games, social
  • Gamification
  • Gantt charts
  • Gap analysis
  • Garn-St. Germain Act of 1982
  • Gassmann, Oliver
  • GE Computing and Decision Science Technology Center
  • GE Energy business
  • General Electric
  • Generalized lead “userness” scale
  • Generate and craft ideas and concepts stage
    • and innovation profiles of users
    • key performance indicators for
    • keys to success in
    • for My Transfer Idea community
    • pitfalls in
  • Generation phase (corporate foresight process)
  • Geneva Motor Show
  • Geographic proximity analysis
  • Georgia Tech College of Management
  • Geo-specific advertising
  • Gephi
  • Germany, gamification in
  • Getting Together phase
  • Gibson, William
  • GlaxoSmithKline
  • “Glue drop” design
  • Goals:
    • for customer engagement
    • of intrapreneurial teams
    • in problem statements
    • of universities vs. industry partners
  • Gollety, M.
  • Google
  • Google+
  • Google Glass Explorer Program
  • Google-Profile of Mood States (GPOMS)
  • Google Trends
  • Go-to-market strategy
  • Government funding, for university–industry collaborations
  • Graphic facilitation methods
  • Graphic group processes:
    • as branch of visual thinking
    • knowledge modeling vs.
    • in OI teams
    • pitfalls with
    • types of
    • using
  • Graphic recording
  • Green, J.
  • Greiner Perfoam
  • Grinder, John
  • Grounded Theory method
  • Group-level gamification
  • Groupthink

H

  • Hall, Edward
  • Halo effect
  • Harris, H. D.
  • Harrison, John
  • Healthcare Resource Conservation Coalition (HRCC)
  • Heineken
  • Heineken Concept Club community
  • Helsinki University of Technology
  • Henkel
  • Heuristics
  • “Hijacking” of NPD initiatives
  • Hilton, Peter
  • H.J. Heinz
  • Hochschule Pforzheim University
  • Hoffman, D. L.
  • Hollywood Stock Exchange (HSX)
    • accessible information and accuracy of
    • algorithm of
    • domain knowledge in
    • participation incentives in
    • truth-seeking trading behavior in
  • Hopman, J. W.
  • Hornsworth, Terry
  • Hothouse events
  • Hoyt, D.
  • HP
  • Human capital, retention of
  • Hybrid problem statements
  • HYPE Innovation

I

  • IAE AIX Graduate School of Management-University of Paul Cezanne
  • IBM
  • Ideas, see Generate and craft ideas and concepts stage
  • Idea, design, or solution contests
    • benefits of
    • at Daimler
    • at Henkel
    • at McDonald's
    • outline for
    • safety nets for
    • transparency in
  • “Ideas Brewery”
  • Idea cards
  • Idea delphis
  • Idea entry restriction:
    • in idea markets
    • in virtual stock markets
  • Idea markets
    • accessible information for
    • accuracy of
    • defined
    • domain knowledge in
    • idea entry restriction in
    • number of participants in
    • successful
  • IdeaScale
  • Idea sifting
  • Ideation challenges
  • Ideation stage, online communities in
  • Ideation techniques
  • Idea to market (ITM)
  • Identifying need and motivated champion (Stage 1):
    • considerations with
    • for medical waste project
    • and other OI stages for extraordinary challenges
  • IEEE Spectrum
  • IKEA effect
  • Imaginatik
  • Impact, as motivator
  • Impact waves. See also Innovation impact waves
  • Improvement:
    • best practices for
    • continuous
  • Inbound innovation benefits
  • Incentives:
    • in idea markets
    • for participation in private online communities
    • in prediction markets
    • in preference markets
    • in virtual stock markets
  • Independence, social
  • Independent action, see Collaborative and independent action (Stage 6)
  • Independent innovators (innovators)
  • Individual-level gamification
  • Individuals, forecasting by crowds vs.
  • Industry partners (in university–industry collaborations):
    • expectations of
    • goals of
    • roles of
    • sample invitation letter for
  • Industry–university collaborations, see University–industry collaborations
  • Inference, Ladder of
  • Influencers (social influencers)
  • Infosurv
  • In-house R&D programs
  • “In kind” support
  • Inkling
  • Inno360
  • InnoCentive
  • Innovation. See also Open Innovation
    • closed
    • fuzzy front end of
    • nature of
    • outsourcing of
    • patents as lead indicators of
    • potential users' participation in
    • proactive
    • virtual
    • visual thinking to drive
  • InnovationCast
  • Innovation Center, see UIC Innovation Center
  • Innovation cycles, length of
  • InnovationFactory
  • Innovation horizons
  • Innovation impact waves:
    • convergence of multiple
    • diabetes as
    • regulation as cause of
    • as source of extraordinary challenges
  • Innovation management
  • Innovation profiles
  • Innovation research partners. See also Interesting partners for research projects
  • Innovators (independent innovators)
  • Inquiries, from customers
  • INSEAD
  • Insights. See also Uncover new insights stage
    • characteristics of
    • example of
    • from external experts
    • from external sources
    • from internal experts
    • as motivation for opening up foresight process
    • time and resources to evaluate
    • from unknown external sources
  • Inspire phase (communicating outcomes)
  • Instant messaging
  • Institute of the Future
  • Institutional perspective on OI
  • Insurance industry, Big Data in
  • Integrating selected external experts (Stage III):
    • benefits of
    • in multistage approaches
    • and other stages
    • successful recruitment for
  • Integrating selected internal experts (Stage I):
    • benefits of
    • in multistage approaches
    • and other stages
    • successful recruitment for
  • Integrating unknown external sources (Stage IV):
    • benefits of
    • in multistage approaches
    • and other stages
    • successful recruitment for
  • Integration (in general):
    • of actionable outcomes
    • dual-process
    • of Open Innovation processes
    • of student teams
  • Integration of Customers (Level 3)
    • benefits of
    • idea, design, or solution contests for
    • and market research
    • and other levels of social media involvement
    • success factors for
    • sweepstakes and quizzes for
    • toolkits for
  • Integration phase (corporate foresight process)
  • Integrative thinking
  • Intel
  • Intellectual capital
  • Intellectual property (IP):
    • and crowdsourcing
    • and customers in NPD process
    • and maturity of OI efforts
    • and portal systems
    • in project agreement
    • and universities as OI partners
    • in university–industry collaborations
  • Interaction guides, private online community
  • Interactions with private online communities, managing
  • Interdisciplinary integration of student teams
  • Interdisciplinary Product Development program (University of Illinois at Chicago)
    • additional Open Innovation academic programs
    • concept prototypes from
    • integrating actionable outcomes into partnering companies by
    • marketing launch plan assignment for
    • Open Innovation teams at
    • problem domain definition and exploration at
    • process overview
    • project documentation assignment from
    • resolving of Open Innovation challenges by
    • sample syllabi
    • and UIC Innovation Center
  • Interest, as motivator
  • Interesting partners for research projects:
    • external sources as
    • opening up foresight process to identify
    • selected external experts as
    • unknown external sources as
  • Internal contributors, recognizing
  • Internal experts, see Integrating selected internal experts (Stage I)
  • Internal organizations, partnerships with
  • Internal success factors, for customer integration in NPD
  • International Patent Classification (IPC) scheme
  • Interpersonal influence
  • Interviews:
    • knowledge elicitation
    • in private online communities
  • InTrade
  • Intrapreneurial organizations
  • Intrapreneurship
  • Intrinsic motivation
  • Invitation letters
  • Involvement, in innovation profiles
  • Iowa Electronic Market (IEM)
  • IP contamination
  • iPredict
  • I-Prize
  • IT staff, implementation of prediction markets by
  • Ivanov, A.

J

  • Jenkins, H.
  • Johnson, Kelly
  • Jonas, Jeff
  • Journey, customer
  • Jurisdiction, in project agreement

K

  • Kano, N.
  • Karniouchina, E.
  • Key performance indicators (KPIs)
  • Kickstarter
  • Kindling
  • Kitchen, multigenerational
  • Kitchen of the future project
  • KLM
  • Knowledge:
    • diffusion of
    • domain, see Domain knowledge
    • tacit. See also Tacit knowledge exchange [TKE]
  • Knowledge elicitation interviews
  • Knowledge holders
  • Knowledge integrator
  • Knowledge modeling:
    • as branch of visual thinking
    • graphic group processes vs.
    • with OI teams
    • pitfalls with
    • process
    • using
  • Knowledge-sharing events
  • Koen, P.
  • Kosinski, M.

L

  • LaComb, C. A.
  • Ladder of Inference
  • Lafely, A. G.
  • Laney, Douglas
  • Language, culture and
  • Large companies:
    • attributes of small companies vs.
    • Cisco on challenges for
    • Open Innovation with small companies and
  • Latent motivations
  • Latent needs
  • Lauto, G.
  • Lay's
  • Leaders, opinion
  • Leadership, of intrapreneurial groups
  • Lead “userness” scale
  • Lead users
    • co-creation with
    • finding
    • identifying
    • listening to
    • in private online communities
  • Lego¯ Serious Play (LSP)
  • “Leveraging Big Data to Reach Today's Mobile Consumer” (Nelson Estrada)
  • Liability, in project agreement
  • Lighting system for hi-tech underground pipe profilers project
  • Lindbergh, Charles
  • Lipton
  • Listening to Customers (Level 1)
    • benefits of
    • finding customer comments with search engines
    • and netnography
    • and other levels of social media involvement
    • tools for monitoring social media
    • types of customer groups
  • Localization, of private online communities
  • Lockheed Martin
  • Logarithmic market scoring rules
  • Longitude Prize
  • Lonza
  • LumeJet
  • Lumenogic
  • Lundholm, R. J.

M

  • McAuley, Georgette
  • McDonald's
  • #McDStories
  • Malick, Naeem
  • Marginal trader hypothesis
  • Marketing launch plans
  • Market research, with social media
  • Market research online communities (MROCs)
  • MarMix
  • Mass end users
  • Massey University. See also Open Innovation Program (Massey University)
  • Maturity of OI effort, IP ownership and
  • Mayer-Schoenberger.
  • Measurements of Open Innovation
  • Media sharing
  • Medical waste project
  • Meetings, project
  • Melamed, Stephen
  • Mental models
  • Merck
  • Message boards
  • Michigan State University
  • Microblogging
  • Microsoft Share Point
  • Milestones, online community
  • Milwaukee School of Engineering
  • Mind mapping
  • MIT
  • Mobile technologies:
    • Big Data for marketing with
    • platform for online communities on
  • Moderators, online community
  • Moldless Forming (Arthur D. Little)
  • Moldless Forming project
  • Motivated champions, see Identifying need and motivated champion (Stage 1)
  • Motivations:
    • of external sources
    • of open foresight workshop contributors
    • for opening up foresight processes
    • of private online community participants
    • of unknown external sources
    • of virtual stock markets participants
  • Mountain Dew
  • Movie industry, virtual stock market for. See also Hollywood Stock Exchange (HSX)
  • Muji
  • Mulliken, Lou
  • Multidisciplinary teams, for new product development
  • Multigenerational kitchen space project
  • Multiplayer forecasting games
  • Multistage approaches to open foresight workshops
  • “MyBurger” campaign
  • My Customer Challenge Cup
  • Myers, Carol
  • “My Starbucks Idea”
  • My Transfer Idea community

N

  • Naltrexone
  • Nanotechnology case study
  • Napoleon I, emperor of the French
  • National Liberty Life Insurance Company of America (NLC)
  • National University of Singapore
  • Need(s):
    • identifying, see Identifying need and motivated champion [Stage 1]
    • latent
  • Needs-based Open Innovation
  • Needs-driven problem statements
  • Needham, Jeffrey
  • Netnography
  • Networks:
    • cooperation
    • of experts
  • Network analysis
  • Network analysis tools
  • Networking:
    • finding OI partners by
    • social
  • New product development (NPD) process:
    • applying Six Sigma to
    • Big Data for
    • integration of customers into
    • multidisciplinary teams in
    • Open Innovation in
    • social media applications in
  • “Next ten” innovation priorities
  • Nivea
  • Nondisclosure agreements
  • Nonusers, in private online communities
  • North Carolina State University
  • Northwestern University
  • Nosco
  • “Not Invented Here” mentality
  • Novak, J.
  • Novozymes
  • NYU Stern School of Business

O

  • Objectives:
    • innovation
    • for private online communities
    • in project proposals
    • and themes in interaction guides
    • in university–industry collaborations
  • Online communities:
    • firms use of
    • market research
    • private, see Private online communities
  • Open Design Explorations Edition 1: The Club
  • Open foresight workshops
    • integrating selected external experts (Stage III)
    • integrating selected internal experts (Stage I)
    • integrating unknown external sources (Stage IV)
    • motivations for opening up foresight processes
    • multistage approaches to
    • and opportunity identification model
    • phases of
    • pitfalls with
    • successful
    • tapping external sources (Stage II)
  • Open Innovation (OI). See also specific topics
    • background of
    • and Big Data
    • challenges with
    • defined
    • in development stage
    • focus on
    • history of
    • hurdles with
    • in new product development process
    • perspectives on
    • successful
    • targeted
    • tools for
    • visual thinking in
  • Open Innovation (Henry Chesbrough)
  • Open Innovation: Enhancing Idea Generation Through Collaboration (APQC)
    • about
    • categories in
    • key enablers in
    • measurement and improvement in
    • processes in
    • roles in
    • strategies in
  • Open Innovation partners:
    • internal/external organizations as
    • patent-based technology network analysis to identify
    • small companies as
    • treatment of
    • universities as. See also University–industry collaborations
  • Open Innovation process:
    • best practices
    • of Interdisciplinary Product Development program
    • for meeting extraordinary challenges
  • Open Innovation Program (Massey University)
    • benefits of
    • and challenges in university–industry collaborations
    • company feedback on
    • framework for collaborations with
    • industry expectations of collaborations with
    • lighting system for hi-tech underground pipe profilers project
    • nondisclosure agreement for
    • and pitfalls in university–industry collaborations
    • project agreement for
    • project initiation in
    • project proposal for
    • project selection at
    • roles of parties in collaborations with
    • structure of university–industry collaborations
    • successful collaborations with
  • Open Innovation (OI) teams:
    • cross-functional
    • establishing
    • in Interdisciplinary Product Development program
    • skills and backgrounds of team members
    • tacit knowledge exchange in
    • tasks and decisions of
    • tools for
    • visual thinking by
  • Open Innovation with small companies
    • and adaptation to changes in the environment
    • background of Open Innovation
    • best practices
    • and decision-making processes
    • definitions of Open Innovation
    • and “do or die” mentality
    • finding Open Innovation partners
    • importance of
    • lessons for large companies from
    • outsourcing innovation vs.
    • and retention of human capital
    • and working conditions that encourage entrepreneurship
  • Openness, of moderators
  • Opinions, fake
  • OpinionFinder
  • Opinion leaders
  • Opinion spamming
  • Opportunity identification model. See also specific stages
  • The Opposable Mind (Roger Martin)
  • Organizational strategy
  • Orphaned pharmaceutical project
  • Orteig, Raymond
  • Outbound innovation benefits
  • Outcomes:
    • actionable
    • communicating
    • of foresight workshops
  • Outsourcing, of innovation
  • Ownership:
    • of intellectual property, see Intellectual property [IP]
    • in open foresight workshops

P

  • Packaging for the Environment (Joe Stilwell)
  • Page, Albert
  • Pajek
  • Palo Alto Research Center
  • Panels, access/community
  • Paper industry, Big Data in
  • Partners. See also Interesting partners for research projects; Open Innovation partners
  • Passion, of moderators
  • Patents, as lead indicators of innovation
  • Patent-application frequencies
  • Patent-based technology network analysis
    • applications of
    • identifying Open Innovation partners with
    • methods of
    • nanotechnology case study
  • Patenting rate
  • Patent literature
  • Payment terms, for small companies
  • PDMA Comparative Performance Assessment Study
  • Peer feedback
  • Performance attributes (customer satisfaction model)
  • Personas
  • Perspectives:
    • of external experts
    • of internal experts
    • as motivation for opening up foresight process
    • on OI
    • time and resources to evaluate
    • of unknown external sources
  • Pharmaceutical industry, blind spots in
  • Platforms, software, see Software platforms
  • Play-money exchanges
  • Plott, C.
  • Podcasts
  • Polanyi, Michael
  • Polls
  • Porras, Jerry
  • Portable hydration space project
  • Portal systems
  • Portfolio management
  • Portland State University
  • Positioning
  • Potential users, innovation by
  • Predesigned facilitation processes
  • Predicting power, of social media
  • Prediction markets:
    • accessible information for
    • accuracy of
    • defined
    • domain knowledge in
    • experience of traders in
    • idea entry restriction in
    • implementing
    • incentives in
    • number of participants in
  • Preference markets:
    • accessible information for
    • accuracy of
    • defined
    • domain knowledge in
    • idea entry restriction in
    • implementing
    • number of participants in
  • Pre-foresight phase (corporate foresight process)
  • Preis, T.
  • Prelaunching propositions
  • Presentations
  • Presentation dek
  • Presidential elections, virtual stock markets for predicting
  • Pricing algorithms:
    • in idea markets
    • in prediction markets
    • in preference markets
    • and software platforms
    • for virtual stock markets
  • Pritt stick
  • Private communities, diffusion of knowledge in
  • Private online communities
    • analyzing results from
    • and collaborations with consumers
    • crowdsourcing, co-creation, and structural collaboration with
    • defined
    • engaging participants in
    • focus groups vs.
    • generating and crafting ideas/concepts with
    • getting started with
    • impact of collaborating with
    • interaction guides for
    • managing interactions with
    • objectives for
    • other online consumer listening/interaction methods vs.
    • prototyping and prelaunching propositions with
    • recruiting participants for
    • selecting technology for
    • uncovering new insights with
  • “Private Traits and Attributes are Predictable from Digital Records of Human Behavior” (M. Kosinski)
  • Proactive innovation
  • Problem, diagnosis of, see Diagnosis of problem and design of process (Stage 2)
  • Problem clarification
  • Problem definition
  • Problem domain
  • Problem orientation
  • Problem solving:
    • exploratory
    • scaled
    • at small companies
    • with university–industry collaborations
  • Problem statements:
    • ambitious goals in
    • good
    • revising
    • situating and filtering
  • Process design, see Diagnosis of problem and design of process (Stage 2)
  • Process perspective on OI
  • Procter and Gamble (P&G)
  • Productive collaborations
  • Professional communities, diffusion of knowledge in
  • Project activation
  • Project agreements
  • Project books
  • Project briefs
  • Project definition (Stage 1)
  • Project documentation assignment
  • Project Evaluation Dashboard
  • Project IMPACT
  • Project initiation
  • Project managers
  • Project meetings
  • Project proposals
  • Project selection
  • Project summation
  • Project teams
  • Proposals, project
  • Prototypes, concept:
    • customer evaluations of
    • from IPD program
    • in university–industry collaborations
  • Prototype and prelaunch the proposition stage
    • and customer journey
    • and customer satisfaction model
    • key performance indicators for
    • keys to success in
    • pitfalls in
    • at Vodafone
  • Prototyping, with private online communities
  • Proven method of identifying innovators and influencers
  • Publication clause (project agreement)
  • Publicity, in project agreement
  • Publishing, social
  • Purdue University

Q

  • Q markets
  • “Quantifying the Advantage of Looking Forward” (T. Preis)
  • Question-level gamification
  • Quirky website
  • Quizzes

R

  • Radiation model
  • Rating sites
  • Really big initiatives, see Extraordinary challenges
  • Recognition, as motivator
  • Recruitment, for private online communities
  • Recruitment phase (corporate foresight process)
  • Referrals, of OI partners
  • Reinertsen, Donald
  • Relationships:
    • building and strengthening
    • with external experts
    • with internal experts
    • as motivation for opening up foresight process
    • from university–industry collaborations
  • Relevance, of insights
  • Rensselaer Lally School of Management & Technology
  • Repeat phase (customer journey)
  • Representation clause, in project agreement
  • Research partners. See also Interesting partners for research projects
  • Resources, for university–industry collaborations
  • ReVia¯
  • Review and rating sites
  • Revisions, problem statement
  • Rewards, financial
  • Reynolds Metals
  • Rite-Solutions
  • Rochester Institute of Technology
  • Rogers, E.
  • Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University
  • Ryerson University

S

  • Safety nets, contest
  • Salesforce Marketing Cloud
  • Sandia National Laboratories
  • Scaled problem-solving
  • SCAMPER (Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to another use, Eliminate, and Reverse)
  • Scenarios
  • Schlimgen, Janice
  • Scope of project, in project proposal
  • Scott, Michael
  • Scout24 Holding GmbH
  • Scouting for new ideas
  • Screening:
    • of entries in idea markets
    • of private community participants
  • Search engines, finding customer comments with
  • Search processes
  • Seek step (Getting Together phase)
  • Selection bias
  • Self-proclaimed method of identifying innovators and influencers
  • Self-selection
  • Senge, P. M.
  • Senior leadership, support from and exposure to
  • Sensitization to future developments:
    • from integrating selected internal experts
    • from integrating unknown external sources
    • as motivation for opening up foresight process
    • in successful foresight workshops
  • Serotonin (software platform)
  • Shared discovery (Stage 5)
  • Shell
  • Shiffer, John
  • Shopping markets, social
  • Shopping recommendations strategy
  • Siemens
  • The Signal and the Noise (Nate Silver)
  • Silver, Nate
  • Simon, P.
  • Six Sigma
  • SKEMA
  • Skiera, B.
  • Skunk Works
  • Slamka, C.
  • Small companies. See also Open Innovation with small companies
  • Smart car
  • “Smart Grid 2025”
  • Smart Grid Idea contest
  • Snausages Breakfast Bites
  • Social commerce media
  • Social communities
  • Social context, for innovation
  • Social entertainment
  • Social independence
  • Social influencers (influencers)
  • Socializing
  • Social media
    • benefits and risks of using
    • dedicated platforms for interacting with users vs.
    • dialogues with customers via
    • forms of
    • influence and predicting power of
    • integrating customers into NPD process with
    • listening to customers with
    • in new product development
    • and participation of crowds in innovation
    • relevance and definition of
    • spread of content via
    • successful integration of customers with
    • tools for monitoring
    • tracking traits of people with
    • voice of virtual customer on
  • Social Media Marketing Suite
  • Social networking sites
  • Social norms
  • Social publishing
  • Social shopping markets
  • Social storefronts
  • Software packages, network analysis
  • Software platforms:
    • for private online communities
    • third-party
    • for virtual stock markets
  • Solution contests, see Idea, design, or solution contests
  • Solution distillation
  • Solution exploration
  • Soukhoroukova, A.
  • Spann, M.
  • Spears, B.
  • Spigit
  • Spreadable content
  • Spreadable Media (Jenkins, Ford, and Green)
  • sprint>radar (online platform)
  • Stage-Gate™ processes
  • Stakeholders
  • Starbucks
  • Statement of Work (SOW)
  • State University of New York Institute of Technology
  • Status, as motivator
  • Steel industry, blind spots in
  • Stevens Institute of Technology
  • Steward, L.
  • Stilwell, Joe
  • Stock markets, virtual, see Virtual stock market(s)
  • Storefronts, social
  • Strategic foresight
  • Strategic planning
  • Strategic Visioning™ Graphic Facilitation method
  • Strategy step (Getting Together phase)
  • Strength/Weakness/Opportunity/Threat (SWOT) analysis
  • Structural collaborations:
    • benefits of
    • and crowdsourcing/co-creation
    • objectives of
    • at Vodafone
  • Structural perspective on OI
  • Students' role, in university–industry collaborations
  • Student teams
  • Sunset phase (medical waste project)
  • SuperMUC
  • superstruct (game)
  • Supervision, in university–industry collaborations
  • Supplier perspective on OI
  • Support:
    • customer
    • financial
    • “in kind”
    • for university–industry collaborations
  • Surowiecki, J.
  • Surveys
  • Sweepstakes
  • Syllabi, IPD program

T

  • Tacit knowledge
  • Tacit knowledge exchange (TKE)
    • challenges with
    • for innovation success
    • and OI endeavors using visual thinking
    • and OI teams' use of visual thinking
    • in Open Innovation teams
    • and visual thinking
  • Tampere University of Technology
  • Tapping external sources (Stage II):
    • benefits of
    • in multistage approaches
    • and other stages
    • successful recruitment for
  • Targeted Open Innovation
  • Tasks, OI team
  • Taylor, W.
  • Teams. See also Open Innovation (OI) teams
    • ad hoc
    • co-located
    • core
    • cross-functional
    • data science
    • extended
    • faculty
    • multidisciplinary
    • project
    • student
  • Team startup exercise kits
  • Technical University of Hamburg Institut
  • Techniques, in interaction guide
  • Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
  • Technolgy(-ies):
    • network analyses to identify central
  • Technological competence mapping
  • Technology(-ies):
    • emerging
    • identifying central
    • mobile
    • monitoring trends in
    • for private online communities
    • in university–industry collaborations
  • Technology-focused problem statements
  • Technology gaps, working with small companies to fill
  • Technology Life Cycle Assessments
  • Technology matrix
  • Technology readiness level
  • Temple University
  • Term, project agreement
  • Termination clause (project agreement)
  • Testing environment, for university–industry collaborations
  • Teva Pharmaceuticals
  • Texas A&M University
  • Themes, interaction guide
  • Theoretical saturation point, for online discussions
  • Third-party platforms
  • Threadless
  • 3-D charts
  • 3-D printing, see Moldless forming
  • 3M
  • Time budget
  • Time commitment, for visual thinking
  • Time frames, for social media competitions
  • TKE, see Tacit knowledge exchange
  • Too Big to Ignore (Phil Simon)
  • Topics, interaction guide
  • Total Beverage
  • Traders:
    • in idea markets
    • in prediction markets
    • in preference markets
  • Trader-to-idea ratios
  • Trading behavior, truth-seeking
  • Trading experience
  • Training sessions, for prediction markets
  • Transparency
  • Trends
  • Trend analysis
  • Trial phase (customer journey)
  • Trust:
    • of external experts
    • generating cohesive
    • of internal experts
    • as motivation for opening up foresight process
    • in private online communities
    • in productive collaborations
    • and tacit knowledge exchange
    • and visual thinking
  • Truth-seeking trading behavior
  • Tsinghua University
  • Twitter
    • and Adhesive Packaging Design Contest
    • dialogues with customers via
    • and Dow Jones Industrial Average
    • firms' use of
    • listening to customers on
    • tools for monitoring

U

  • UCINET
  • UIC Innovation Center
  • Uncover new insights stage
    • characteristics of consumer insights
    • for Heineken Concept Club community
    • for Heinz online community
    • key performance indicators for
    • keys to success in
    • pitfalls in
  • Understanding, from individual expertise
  • Understanding phase (customer journey)
  • Unilever
  • “Unique in the Crowd” (Y.-A. De Montjoye)
  • U.S. Department of Defense
  • United States, extrinsic motivation in
  • U.S. Navy
  • Universal Music Group
  • Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
  • Universiteit Twente
  • Universities:
    • goals of industry partners vs.
    • as OI partners
  • University College Cork
  • University Erlangen-Nuremberg
  • University–industry collaborations. See also Open Innovation Program (Massey University)
    • benefits of
    • challenges in
    • framework for
    • industry expectations in
    • pitfalls in
    • structure of
  • University of California Berkeley
  • University of California Irvine
  • University of Cambridge
  • University of Detroit Mercy
  • University of Dublin
  • University of Duisburg-Essen
  • University of Florida
  • University of Greifswald
  • University of Groningen
  • University of Illinois at Chicago. See also Interdisciplinary Product Development program
  • University of Manchester
  • University of Maryland
  • University of New Hampshire
  • University of Notre Dame
  • University of Pennsylvania Wharton School of Business
  • University of Regensburg
  • University of St. Thomas-Minnesota
  • University of San Diego
  • University of Southern California
  • University of Utah
  • University of Wales Institute Cardiff
  • University of Waterloo
  • University supervisors
  • Unknown external sources, see Integrating unknown external sources (Stage IV)
  • User-centered research
  • User perspective on OI
  • User profiles

V

  • Validators
  • Van Bruggen, G. H.
  • Variation clause (project agreement)
  • Variety, of Big Data
  • Velocity, of Big Data
  • Vendors, as OI partners
  • Veracity, of Big Data
  • Verbal only communication
  • Verhoef, P. C.
  • Virginia Commonwealth University
  • Virtual customer environments (VCEs)
  • Virtual customers, voice of
  • Virtual innovation
  • Virtual stock market(s)
    • accessible information in
    • accuracy of
    • accuracy of idea markets
    • accuracy of prediction markets
    • accuracy of preference markets
    • conceptual model
    • in corporations
    • and domain knowledge
    • idea entry restriction in
    • implementing
    • and integrating external unknown sources
    • number of participants in
    • participation incentives in
    • pricing algorithm for
    • software platforms for
    • trading experience in
    • truth-seeking trading behavior in
  • Virtual stock market experts
  • Virtual toolkits
  • Virtual worlds
  • Visual information, processing of
  • Visual thinking:
    • benefits of
    • driving innovation with
    • graphic group processes in
    • improving team performance with
    • knowledge modeling in
    • need for
    • in Open Innovation endeavors
    • by Open Innovation teams
    • pitfalls with
    • supporting collaboration with
    • and tacit knowledge exchange
    • and trust
  • Vocabulary, in online communities
  • Vodafone
  • voestalpine Stahle
  • Voice of the customer (VoC)
  • Voice over IP (VOIP)
  • Volkswagen AG
  • Volpicelli, Joseph
  • Volume, of Big Data
  • Von Hippel, Eric

W

  • Weak signals
  • Weibo
  • “Who Wants to be a Millionaire?”
  • WHU Otto Beisheim School of Management
  • Wisdom of the Crowds (James Surowiecki)
  • Wolfers, J.
  • Work environment
  • Working conditions
  • Working Together phase
  • Workshops, open foresight, see Open foresight workshops
  • Written topics, in interaction guide
  • Wulf, T.

X

  • Xerox
  • Xing
  • X PRIZE Foundation

Z

  • Zahra, S. A.
  • Zitzewitz, E.
  • Zocalo
  • Zurich University of The Arts (ZHdK)