Alien Statute 7, 26 n.34, 101, 114–124, 128 n.28, 129 n.29
Allen, Gyles ix, 17, 29, 48, 92
Anderson, Edward 106–107, 111 n.10
involvement in Ireland 92
judge in Twyne's Case xi, 85–86
composition of 52, 63, 67 n.51
conveyancing of women in x, xii, 5, 57, 95 n.18
plot summary 56
source for Sidney and Shakespeare xii, 6, 62, 113
bills of 6, 35, 37, 39, 43–46, 49, 72–73, 77, 89
penalty for conveying women 58
See also O'Neill, Shane; Desmond, earl of
attempted murder 7, 118–121, 128 n.29
Bacon, Nicholas, Lord Keeper (father of Francis) 36, 38
badges of fraud xi, 6, 9 n.23, 76, 78, 92, 101–103, 114
continuance of possession 104
See also consideration, collusion, good faith, secrecy, timing
Baker, J. H. 128 n.29
fresh start 20
in Roman law 22
See also English Statutes
bona fide. See good faith
building on another man's land 5, 12, 16–19, 24 n.10
Burbage, James ix, 17–18, 25 n.21, 29
his son Cuthbert 24 n.21, 48, 92, 114
Burghley. See Cecil, William
cases, law
Bethel against Edward Stanhope (1599; revocability of gift indicates fraud) 107
Chamberlain vers Twyne & auters (1601; version of Twyne's Case) 102–103
Gooch's Case (1591; 13 Eliz., c. 5 not subject to strict construction, despite penal clause) 106
Leonard against Bacon (shows commercial purpose of 13 Eliz., c. 5) 106
Mannocke's Case (1571; common law condemned fraud) 20, 105
Nedham and Beaumont's Case (1590; statutory meaning of “purchaser” requires valuable consideration) 109
Packman's Case (1595; conveyance voidable only by creditor) 2, 107
Pauncefoot's Case (1594; meaning of forfeiture) 106
Standen against Bullock (1600; revocable gift not equivalent to purchase for valuable consideration) 107–108
Upton against Bassett (1596; gift fraudulent only against creditor) 107, 109–110
Walter Chirton, case of (1351; direct and indirect fraud) 25 n.34, 106, 120, 130 n.30
Catholics 81
and fraudulent conveyancing laws 29–31, 55, 74
persecution of and recusancy ix, 5, 36, 51, 67 n.49, 72, 106, 114
Philip Sidney's attitude toward 50, 53
supported in Ireland by Philip II, 88
under Mary Tudor 46
See also Northern Rebellion
Cecil, William, Lord Burghley 31–45, 53, 75–76
death of 64
“grave” 77
lord treasurer 40 n.6
made an earl 36
role in passing 13 Eliz., c. 5: 32, 38, 76–77
his son Robert Cecil 64
coign and livery 47
Coke, Edward 111 n.9
arguments against collusion 107
his report of Twyne's Case xi, 2, 6–7, 30–31, 49, 101–111
prosecutor of Walter Ralegh 93
collusion 75–78, 80, 83, 86, 102–103, 110, 118, 123
concealed lands 63–64, 68 n.66, 77
construing good consideration to mean valuable consideration 72, 101, 103–104, 107–108
definition 77
natural affection in exchange for a gift 104
conspiracy 67 n.63, 72, 76, 93, 118–119, 123, 127 n.19
constructive fraud xi, 5, 17–18
construction, rules of 121. See also fraud, penalty
conveyance, conveyancing
See also women, carrying away of
corruption of the blood 46, 91
definition 90
“creditors and others” 2, 6, 29–41, 72, 83, 113–114
difficulty of phrase 38, 41 n.26, 134
crescit in orbe dolus 101, 105, 133
Dante 22
debt 2
and marital obligations ix
“delay, hinder or defraud” 2, 106, 114, 118
Desmond, earl of 6, 46, 50, 55, 73
forfeitures following his rebellion 71, 73, 77, 87, 89
direct and indirect fraud 14, 26 n.34, 106, 120, 128 n.28, 129–130 n.29
and Alien Statute 117
Dudley, Robert, earl of Leicester 52–53, 71, 88
Dyer, James 31–32, 63, 111 n.6, 128 n.29, 130 n.35
Dyer, Edward 52, 62–64, 65 n.33
Egerton, Thomas 106
his foster mother a recusant 67 n.49
interest in Irish affairs 92
elves, in Faerie Queene 88
Elizabeth, Queen 43–44, 46, 51, 53, 62–63, 66 n.41
allegories of in The Faerie Queene 83
interest in finance and property 3, 34, 39, 46, 48, 81
petitioners to 33
prerogative 77
suspicious of her deputies 88
Elyot, Thomas 120
English Statutes
Act of Uniformity (1559) 30
early conveyancing statutes 7–9, 14, 31, 58, 67 n.53, 75, 111 n.5
13 Eliz., c. 3 (against overseas fugitives) 37, 74, 77
13 Eliz., c. 4 (agents of Crown liable for their debts) 48
13 Eliz., c. 5 (1571; voids fraudulent conveyances) xi, 29–41, 48, 56, 73, 77, 81
commercial purpose of 5–6, 106
construal of 31, 72, 74, 101–111
penal provision 30–31, 107, 114
political purpose 122
proviso for transfers for good consideration and bona fide 103–104
restatement of common law 74, 106
source of modern statutes ix, 30
See also“creditors and others”; “delay, hinder or defraud”; Twyne's Case
13 Eliz., c. 7 (bankruptcy provision for tradesmen) 31
13 Eliz., c. 10 (dilapidations) 38
13 Eliz., c. 16 (Percy estate preserved) 43
13 Eliz., c. 26 (attainder) 35–36 14 Eliz., c. 11 (extension of
13 Eliz., c. 5) 74 18 Eliz., c. 4 (fraudulent conveyances by rebels in the North) 35–36, 43
23 Eliz., c. 1 (due obedience bill containing fraudulent conveyance clause) 55–56
27 Eliz., c. 4 (1585; against fraud of purchasers), 8 n.7, 9 n.22, 30, 56, 72, 84, 86, 93, 107–108. See also The Faerie Queene
1 Jac. I, c. 15 (1603; fraudulent conveyance constitutes bankrupty) 30
21 Jac. I, c. 19 (1623; Bankruptcy Act) 30
Statute of Frauds 134
escheats, escheator 6, 23 n.6, 47, 67 n.49, 77, 87, 89, 122, 133
estate tail, definition of 14
Falstaff x, 11–27, 29, 101, 134
conveyed to Thames in buckbasket ix, 5, 12, 16–17
horses conveyed 5, 11–12, 21–22, 26 nn.35 and 37
legal acumen of 4, 17–19, 25 n.32, 26 n.42, 110
See also intention
The Faerie Queene 2, 6, 25 n.26, 72, 77–99, 113
Aemylia episode as allegory of contemporary debates over relative value of non-monetary consideration 78–79, 83–85, 110
allegory of bona fide purchasers and comparative consideration 79, 83
allegory of moral ambiguity in confusion between Amyas and Placidas 85
Amoret conveyed by figures of lust 78–84, 95 n.17
Arthur and allegory of applying a legal holding 84–85
Arthur and problem of preventing fraudulent conveyances 87–89
Britomart and custom of the castle as allegory of timing 82
Britomart and allegory of the power of the law to void fraudulent conveyances 83
Busirane as ravisher and fraudulent conveyor 78–80, 83
foursomes and forms of fraudulent conveyances 82–83, 86
friendship and allegories of collusion 86
Guyon's conveyed horse as image of uncertainty about the law 91
historical allegory 80–81, 87–89, 96 n.22, 97 n.34
Ruddymane as allegory of corruption of the blood 90–91
Samient and use of fraud to fight fraud 88–89
Trompart and allegory of forging documents 91
See also Edmund Spenser; elves
fee, definition of 13
fine and recovery (or common recovery) 12–15, 24 n.10
forfeiture 6, 46, 67, 71–72, 121
law on forfeitures during war 34
timing of 75
See also escheats; corruption of the blood; attainder
allegorical figure of 22, 29 (see also The Faerie Queene)
definition 120
no bright line test for 44
reading fraud statutes broadly 105, 117, 120
See also direct and indirect; English Statutes: Statute of Fraud
Fraudulent conveyance
definition xii, 1
ethical and moral uncertainty of ix, xiii, 1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 32, 48, 51, 56–61, 73–74, 85, 88, 91, 93, 123–124, 134
of family assets xii, xiv, 4, 13, 19, 49, 59, 85
jurisprudence of x–xi
legal history of 1, 11, 13–14, 17, 19, 46–49, 111
other literary examples xiv, 1, 4, 133
and metaphoric language 4–5, 11–13, 15–17, 57–59, 61, 80
ravishment as romance and pastoral form 57–59, 62, 93, 96 n.21
and society's values 12, 29, 34–35, 43, 81
and United States law xii–xiii, 2, 19
See also cases; comedy; English Statutes; fine and recovery; law and literature; property law; manumission; waste; women, conveyancing of
Fraunce, Abraham 94 n.9, 96 n.30, 119–120
Glenn, Garrard 2, 6, 7 n.3, 29–30, 37, 39, 55, 101, 114, 133
good faith (bona fide) 78, 83–84, 111 n.5
badge of fraud 101
purchasers 88
Gresham, Thomas, founder of the London Exchange 3, 30, 39
Greville, Fulke 51, 53, 63, 67 n.51
Howard, Thomas, Fourth Duke of Norfolk 32, 36, 40 n.6, 45
his brother Northampton 63, 69 n.70
execution 88
intention xi, 5–6, 12, 17, 20, 22, 102, 108, 114
See also constructive fraud; looking backward; Falstaff; badges of fraud
Ireland xiii, 3, 28, 39, 72–78, 86
bills of attainder 39
Irish statutes
of year 1310 against fraudulent conveyancing 29, 31, 48, 74
28 Henry VIII, c. 1 (attainder of earl of Kildare) 48
11 Eliz., c. 11 (attainder of Shane O'Neill) 43
Italian law 6, 115–117, 127 n.23
See also Kuehn, Thomas
Johnson, Samuel 22
Justinian 22, 25 n.30, 26 n.41, 27 n.45
Kuehn, Thomas 116–117, 123, 126 nn.9–10
Lambarde, William 3
law and literature ix, xii, 4–5, 7, 9 nn.18 and 20, 17, 29, 80, 93, 96 n.21, 113, 123, 134
and cultural studies 124 n.2
Henry Sidney's literary style 47–48
love and debt 61
Leicester, earl of. See Dudley, Robert
looking backward xi, 77
See also intention
manumission 19
Mary Tudor, Queen of England 44, 62, 75
Mary, Queen of Scots 32, 36–37, 80, 83, 87–88
Merchant of Venice 6, 110, 113–131
Alien Statute 114, 116–117, 122
and Italian source x, 6, 115–117, 121
penal provision in 31
and Twyne's Case 123
Merry Wives of Windsor ix, xiii, 4–6, 11–27, 110
moral philosophy 52
mutual mistake 19
Neale, J. E. 8 n.6, 20, 48, 54–55
Neville, Charles, earl of Westmorland 32, 36–37, 39, 39 n.4,
Norfolk, Duke of. See Howard, Thomas
Northern Rebellion of 1569 5, 30–36, 39 n.6, 40 n.7, 43, 55, 83
costs involved 40 n.13
supported by Spain 88
Nohrnberg, James 96 nn.27 and 34
Northumberland, earl of. See Percy, Thomas
Page, Margaret
use of legal language ix, 12–16
Parker, Patricia 5, 9 n.19, 11, 22 n.1, 23 n.9
Parliament, English, 31, 36, 54, 66 n.45–46, 74–75, 115
debates of fraudulent conveyance laws 30, 37, 39 n.2, 48, 56, 61–62, 72, 77–78, 83–84, 113
Parliament, Irish 75–77, 95 n.10
penalty 58
provision of 13 Eliz., c. 5: 7, 30, 113
restrictive reading 116
See also Merchant of Venice; Alien Statute; qui tam
Percy, Thomas, earl of Northumberland 32, 36–37, 39
his younger brother Henry 35, 43
Pimb's Case 80
Pistol 20
Plautus (Roman playwright) 1
Plowden, Edmund 81
Popham, Sir John 48, 54, 65 n.18, 81, 92
as judge 106
Posner, Richard 4, 9 n.20, 17, 125 n.3
of fraud 86
and public discourse ix–x, xiii, 93, 113
property law 13–15, 17–18, 46–47, 83
purchase, purchasers 8 n.7, 9 n.22, 72, 85, 88
qui tam law 114–115, 118, 122, 126 n.6
See also penalty
Radcliff, Thomas, viscount Fitzwalter (or Fitzwater), earl of Sussex 32–35, 40 n.6
career in Ireland 45
Ralegh, Walter 26 n.37, 52, 80, 92, 93 n.1, 99 nn.47–48, 114
Roberts, William 2, 8 n.11, 135 n.4
Rowse, A. L. 8 n.13; 9 n.17, 63, 67 n.49, 68 n.61, 69 n.70, 96 n.23, 99 n.48
sanctuary, or safe haven from debt 1, 19, 31, 38
secrecy 101
five years old during Northern Rebellion 39
friends who were fraudulent conveyors, ix, 18, 24 n.21, 114
knowledge of law 4–5, 11, 29, 115
other plays 4, 124, 127 n.20, 134
sonnets 16
See also Merchant of Venice, Merry Wives of Windsor
sheep
asset in Twyne's Case, xi, 20, 101–103
Shylock 3, 7, 110–111, 113, 115, 121–124, 130 n.40
Sidney, Henry, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 3, 5–6, 43–50, 62
in Ireland 50
not opposed to fraudulent conveyancing 5–6
at Oxford, 39
Spenser, Edmund x, xiii, 2, 7, 63, 71–99
and Anglo-Norman rebels, xiii, 71
attitude to fraudulent conveyancing 6, 30, 46, 64, 72–73, 91
Mother Hubberds Tale 71
See also The Faerie Queene; View of the Present State of Ireland
Star Chamber 11, 58, 92, 101, 114, 120
stare decisis 110
See The Faerie Queene: Arthur and allegory of applying a legal holding
Staunford, William Les plees del corone (1560) 75, 94 n.9
surrender and regrant 47
Sussex, earl of. See Radcliffe, Thomas
Tanastry. See Fraudulent Conveyance: and Tanastry
badge of fraud 102
See also forfeitures
See also collusion
Twyne's Case (1601) x–xi, 2, 20, 30, 74, 78, 93, 101–111, 114, 123
defined good consideration 84, 86
extended 13 Eliz., c. 5 to cover forfeitures to
justices for 48
legal French text of xix, 9 n.23
See also badges of fraud; Statutes, English: 13 Eliz., c. 5
United States
civil procedure reforms 105
Constitution of 46
See also Fraudulent Conveyance: and United States laws
View of the Present State of Ireland 6, 30, 33, 72–78, 87, 92
authorship of 94 n.4
Walsingham, Sir Francis 52, 96 n.23, 98 n.36
Weisberg, Richard 4, 9 n.20, 125 n.5, 130 n.40
Westmorland. See Neville, Charles
wills and trusts 15
Wilson, Thomas 133
Worden, Blair 65 n.16, 68 n.54
women
carrying away of x, xii, 1, 5–6, 56–58, 133–134
and interclass marriage 79, 95 n.18
statutes 58
See also The Faerie Queene: Amoret conveyed by figures of lust