Cover cameo: Courtesy of Ruby Slipperjack.
Cover background (detail): St. Paul’s Residential School, Blood Reserve, Alberta; Atterson Studio, Cardston, Alberta; Glenbow Archives NC-7-859.
Image 1: Girls at residential school, Ile-a-la-Crosse, northern Saskatchewan; Thomas Waterworth; Glenbow Archives PD-353-22.
Image 2: R.C. Indian Residential School Study Time, [Fort] Resolution, N.W.T.; Library and Archives Canada / PA-042133.
Image 3: R.C. Brandon Indian Residential School, students at their desks in a classroom, 1946; National Film Board of Canada, Photothèque collection / Library and Archives Canada / PA-048571.
Image 4: Prayer time in the girls’ dormitory at Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School near Kenora, c. 1950–53; The Presbyterian Church in Canada Archives.
Image 5: Mealtime at First Nations residential school, Norway House, Manitoba; Glenbow Archives NA-3239-6.
Image 6: The Cree Residential School at La Tuque, Québec; University of Connecticut.
Image 7: Cooking class, Indian Residential School, Edmonton; United Church of Canada Archives, UCCA, 93.049P/885N.
Image 8: Former Northwest Territories premier Stephen Kakfwi, a residential school survivor, holds his granddaughter Sadeya Kakfwi-Scott while standing with the audience at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Ottawa on Tuesday, June 2, 2015; Adrian Wyld / THE CANADIAN PRESS
Image 9: Map by Paul Heersink, Paperglyphs.
The publisher wishes to thank Anishinaabemowin elder Shirley Ida Williams-nee Pheasant, Indigenous Studies, Trent University, for sharing her expertise on this topic. She says: “The greatest thing the government can do as penance is to restore the language they destroyed and restore the pride in the culture of First Nations through the education system.” Thanks also to Barbara Hehner for her careful checking of the factual details, and to Paul Heersink for providing the map.