INDEX

Academy Awards, 4, 41, 106, 110, 114

see also Oscars

Across 110th Street, 88

activism, 31, 62, 103, 105, 139, 168, 170

affirmative action, 143–4

African-American Vernacular,32–5

Aiello, Danny, 41–2, 43

Alighieri, Dante, 94, 129

Allen, Woody, 17, 192–3

American Beauty, 153

Amos ’n’ Andy, 122, 198 n. 2

anamorphic lens, 119

… And Justice for All, 110

Answer, The, 15

anti-Semitism, 82–6, 142–3

see also Jews; Judaism

Arlington Road, 153

Asians, Asian-Americans, 18, 47–8, 85, 190, 191

auteurism, 9, 29, 87–8, 182, 185, 194 n. 2

Autobiography of Malcolm X, The, 62, 69, 102, 106–7, 110, 114, 147

Baldwin, James, 106, 113

Bamboozled, 6, 8, 134, 157–63, 167, 168, 179, 183, 194 n. 3, 202 n. 4

Baptists, see Southern Baptists

Baraka, Amiri, 7, 105–6, 109, 116, 197 n. 6

basketball, 7, 11, 150–3, 192

bigotry, 9, 11, 82, 145, 160–1

see also racism

bin Laden, Osama, 171, 173, 175

biography, biopic, 62, 67, 90, 105, 109, 115, 116, 123, 151, 193, 201 n. 6

Bird, 76, 82, 186

Birth of a Nation, The, 15

Black Caesar, 88

Black Muslims, 107, 112, 113

see also Fruit of Islam; Islam; Muslim; Nation of Islam

Black Panther (Party), 45, 103, 168

Black Six, The, 88

Blacula, 88

blocking, see stepping

Boss Nigger, 88

Boston Society of Film Critics, 42, 114

bourgeoisie, 7, 53, 80, 105

see also class

Boyz N the Hood, 129–30

Bradley, David, 106, 112

Bram Stoker’s Dracula, 114

Brawley, Tawana, 63–5, 71

Breslin, Jimmy, 155

Brooklyn, 4, 6, 13–14, 15–19, 20–1, 24, 28, 59, 65, 71, 118–24, 125, 127, 128, 130, 152, 153, 154–5, 157, 192

Brooklyn neighborhoods

Bedford-Stuyvesant, Bed-Stuy, 15–17, 43, 45, 46–7, 50–1, 60, 61, 71, 75, 76, 176

Bensonhurst, 91, 99, 197 n. 3

Crown Heights, 13, 71, 155

Fort Greene, 4, 13, 18–19, 21

Brother, 201 n. 2

Brother from Another Planet, The, 2, 87

Bumpurs, Eleanor, 70–1

buppies, 7, 77, 105, 197 n. 5

Burnett, Charles, 87, 88

Cannes International Film Festival, 4, 41, 44–5, 46, 153, 185

Casino, 124

Chavis, Benjamin, 139

Chicago, 4, 13, 26, 31, 42, 71, 114, 115, 116, 130, 152

Christianity, 69, 112, 192, 199–200 n. 2

civil rights, 9, 62, 65–70, 96, 99, 139

class, 5, 18–19, 30–2, 36, 39, 51, 52, 80–2, 95, 105, 116, 117, 119, 120, 156, 182

see also bourgeoisie

Cleopatra Jones, 88

Clockers, 6, 117, 124–33, 138, 153, 193, 194 n. 3

Coffy, 88

colorism, 28, 37–8

Color Purple, The, 19, 87

Coltrane, Alice, 78

Coltrane, John, 57, 75–6, 77, 78–9, 195 n. 4

conservatism, 8, 81–2, 100, 119, 142, 153, 199 n. 2

Copland, Aaron, 151–2, 200 n. 3

Cosby, Bill, 113, 139

Cosby Show, The, 161

Cotton Comes to Harlem, 113

crack (cocaine), 47, 91, 94–7, 117, 125, 197 n. 3

see also drugs; heroin

cracking, see stepping

Crooklyn, 6, 23, 99, 117–24, 128, 135, 194 n. 3

culture, 8, 11, 12, 17, 58, 109, 111, 114, 129, 138, 139, 143, 161, 166, 177, 178, 187, 191

African-American, 4, 6, 8, 13

American, mainstream, 8, 13, 122, 160, 175

pop, popular, 26, 88, 115, 137, 160

urban, 5, 166

Da Brick, 192

Dante, see Alighieri, Dante

Davis, Ossie, 41, 62, 91, 103, 113, 140, 146–8, 180

Davis Thulani, 21

Days of Glory (Indigènes), 188–9

death, 14, 43, 46, 70–3, 75, 96, 102, 104, 107, 120–4, 129

Dee, Ruby, 41, 62, 91, 148

De Niro, Robert, 54, 108, 124

dialectic, 26, 27, 43, 50–1, 54, 65, 67, 70, 100, 117, 142, 145, 151

Diawara, Manthia, 8–9

Dickerson, Ernest, 17, 41, 129–30, 196 n. 1, 201 n. 1

Dinkins, David, 62–3, 72, 99

Dirty Dozen, The, 187, 202 n. 7

Dirty Harry, 7

documentary, 3, 4, 6, 106, 112–13, 123, 157, 163–5, 168, 169, 170, 184, 192

dope, see drugs

Do the Right Thing, 1–2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 23, 41–75, 81, 88, 93, 94, 98, 99, 106, 111, 128, 144, 153, 168, 174–5, 176, 193, 194 n. 3, 195 n. 2

drugs, 6, 19, 23, 46–7, 77, 90, 92, 94–8, 120, 124–33, 144, 169, 171–4, 195 n. 2, 196 n. 2, 197 n. 3

see also crack (cocaine); heroin

Dyson, Michael Eric, 30–1, 37–8, 170

Eastwood, Clint, 7, 76, 185–8

Ebert, Roger, 39, 91, 115, 119, 137–8, 163, 178–9

El-Shabazz, El-Hajj Malik, 105, 107

see also X, Malcolm

Emmy Awards, 3–4, 170

Esposito, Giancarlo, 29, 43

Eyes Wide Shut, 153

Face in the Crowd, A, 160

family, 18, 19, 59, 63, 79, 81, 90–1, 94, 96–7, 100, 105, 117–24, 138, 169, 171

Fanon, Frantz, 31

Farrakhan, Louis, 138–9, 142–3, 147, 148, 199–200 n. 2

fascism, 7, 45, 96

feminism, 9, 24, 122, 137

Fences, 111

“Fight the Power” (song), 51

Fishburne, Laurence, 29

F.I.S.T., 110

Flags of Our Fathers, 185–8

40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks, 18, 19, 20, 84, 164, 165, 166, 170, 180

Foucault, Michel, 127, 198–9 n. 4

4 Little Girls, 3, 163–5

Freak, 165–6 freaking, see stepping

Freeman, Al, Jr., 102, 114

Fruit of Islam, 109

see also Black Muslims; Islam; Muslim; Nation of Islam

Game of Thrones, 201 n. 2

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., 81–2, 162

gays, see homosexuals

genres, 16, 157, 179, 182

see also biography, biopic; documentary

George, Nelson, 15

Gerima, Haile, 88

Get on the Bus, 6, 99, 138–49, 168, 200 n. 2

ghettos, ghettoization, 46, 47, 81, 130

Girl 6, 6, 134, 135–8

Gitlin, Todd, 80–1

Giuliani, Rudolph, 62–3

Glover, Danny, 139

Golden Globe Awards, 4, 42

Goodman, Paul, 75

Gordon, Dexter, 55, 76, 196 n. 4

Greatest Story Ever Told, The, 151

Green Mile, The, 188

Griffith, D.W., 15

Griffith, Michael, 70, 71, 155

Ground Zero, see World Trade Center; 9/11

Guerrero, Ed, 86–7

Haley, Alex, 102, 147

Hamlet, 97

Harlem, 91, 103–4, 105, 106, 113, 130, 157

see also New York City

Harlem Nights, 3

Harlem renaissance, 19

Hawkins, Yusuf, 99–100

He Got Game, 6, 149–53, 163, 168, 194 n. 3, 200 n. 3

heroin, 98

see also crack (cocaine); drugs

Hicks, Tommy Redmond, 17, 22

Himes, Chester, 113

hip-hop, 51, 53–4, 124, 129

see also jazz; music, musicians; rap

Hispanics, 18, 47, 58, 99

see also Latino(s)

Hitler, Adolf, 143, 200 n. 2

Hollywood, 10, 20, 39, 47, 81, 83, 85–7, 102, 106, 110, 116, 161, 180, 183, 184, 185, 187, 191

Hollywood Shuffle, 2

Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, 114

Home of the Brave, 187, 202 n. 7

homophobia, 29, 36

homosexuals, homosexuality, 85, 92, 111, 141, 145, 178–9, 190, 191

hooks, bell, 24–6, 28, 120–2, 198 n. 1, 198 n. 2

Hoop Dreams, 152

House Party, 3

housing project(s), 117, 125–6, 127, 129, 130, 131, 199 n. 4

Howze, Zakee L., 77, 102

Huey P. Newton Story, A, 168–9

Hughes, Albert and Allen, 130

Hurricane, The, 110

ideology, 27, 38, 55, 68, 80, 82, 142

If God Is Willing and da Creek Don’t Rise, 170–1, 192

Image Awards, 4, 41, 114, 170

I’m Gonna Git You Sucka, 2

In Country, 110

Independent Spirit Awards, 4

Indians, see Native Americans

Inside Man, 5, 6, 10, 167–8, 180–3, 190, 193, 202 n. 5

In the Heat of the Night, 110

Islam, 69, 102–3, 107–8, 114, 173

see also Black Muslims(s);

Fruit of Islam; Muslim;

Nation of Islam

Italians, Italian-Americans, 5, 6, 30, 43, 47, 55, 73, 85, 91, 93, 99, 111, 153, 190

Jackson, Janet, 55, 113, 196 n. 4

Jackson, Rev. Jesse, 99, 139

Jackson, Michael, 3

Jackson, Samuel L., 32, 42, 91, 95, 198 n. 8

jazz, 6, 13, 50, 53–7, 76–89, 123, 195 n. 2

see also hip-hop; music, musicians; rap

Jazz on a Summer’s Day, 112–13

Jeffersons, The, 161

Jerri curls, 32

Jewison, Norman, 110–12

Jews, 82–6, 111, 142–3, 160, 181, 199–200 n. 2

see also anti-Semitism; Judaism

Jim Brown: All American, 169

Jim Crow, 131

Joe’s Bed-Stuy Barbership: We Cut Heads, 15–17

Johns, Tracy Camilla, 21, 23, 28

Johnson, Magic, 113, 162

Johnson, Victoria E., 50, 54, 195 n. 2

joint, meaning of, 2

Jones, James Earl, 112

Jones, LeRoi, see Baraka, Amiri

Jordan, Michael, 113, 196 n. 5

Judaism, 143

Juice, 129–30

Jungle Fever, 5, 6, 23, 85, 90–101, 126, 129, 153, 192

Kael, Pauline, 7

Kaplan-Lee, Susan, 97, 196 n. 2

Keitel, Harvey, 126

Kilik, Jon, 125

Killer of Sheep, 88

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 14, 44, 57, 61, 65–70, 74, 104, 115, 146, 193

King, Rodney, 101

Kite Runner, The, 201 n. 2

Klawans, Stuart, 152, 163

Klein, Joe, 45–6

Kobe Doin’ Work, 182

Koch, Edward I., 62–3

Koreans, 47–50, 52, 62, 189, 191

Ku Klux Klan, 143–4

Kunstler, William, 103

language, 31–5, 86

Last Hustle in Brooklyn, 14

Last Temptation of Christ, The, 108

Latinos, 18, 165–6, 172, 197 n. 3

see also Hispanics

Lean on Me, 3

Lee, Arnold, 196 n. 2

Lee, Bill, 13–14, 42, 50, 54, 97–8, 196 n. 2

Lee, Cinqué, 14, 118

Lee, David, 14, 201 n. 6

Lee, Jacquelyn Shelton, 13–14

Lee, Joie, 14, 76, 118, 123

Lee, Spike

early life, 13

education, 14–15

legacy, 193

nickname, 13

Lee, Tonya, 19

Leguizamo, John, 153, 165–6

lesbians, 24–5, 27, 178–9

Letters from Iwo Jima, 185–7

liberals, 7, 45, 110, 143, 179, 202 n. 7

Library of Congress, 42, 114

Lindo, Delroy, 118, 125

Little, Malcolm, 105

see also X, Malcolm

Little Richard, 55, 196 n. 4

Los Angeles Film Critics

Association, 41–2

“Love and Hate” (monologue),52, 55, 58–61

Love Supreme, A, 76, 78–9

Lumet, Sidney, 106, 112, 197–8 n. 7

Lumière and Company, 163–4

Mack, The, 88

McKee, Lonette, 91, 102, 150

Maddox, Alton H., 71

magical Negro, 188

Malcolm X (1972 film), 106

Malcolm X (1992 film), 6, 17, 90, 101–16, 117, 139, 149, 190, 191, 193

Mamet, David, 106, 197–8 n. 7

Mandela, Nelson, 103–4, 127, 196 n. 5

Manhattan, 17, 18, 19, 20–1, 22, 45, 72, 82, 91, 106, 157, 180

Marsalis, Branford, 32, 195 n. 4

Mason, C. Vernon, 71

Massood, Paula, 127, 129–30

Mecca, 69, 108

Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York, 104

Menace II Society, 130

militancy, 15, 69, 147, 168

Miller, Arthur, 70, 71

Million Dollar Baby, 188

Million Man March, 138–49, 184, 199 n. 1

Mingus, Charles, 79, 196 n. 4

Miracle at St. Anna, 6, 167, 183–9, 190, 191, 192, 193

Miracle’s Boys, 169–70

miscegenation, 96

misogyny, 29, 121

Mitchell, W.J.T., 73–4

Mo’ Better Blues, 6, 23, 75–89, 98–9, 126, 197 n. 6

Monk, Thelonious, 55, 195 n. 4

Morehouse College, 14, 28, 30

Motown, 29

Muhammad, Elijah, 102–3, 107, 113, 148

multiculturalism, 54, 121

Murphy, Eddie, 106

Muslims, 68, 106, 107–8, 140, 141, 199–200 n. 2

see also Black Muslim(s); Fruit of Islam; Islam; Nation of Islam

music, musicians, 13–14, 42, 50–8, 73, 75–89, 97–8, 118, 151–3, 195 n. 2, 200 n. 3

see also hip-hop; jazz; rap

music videos, 3

myths, mythology, 101, 113–14, 115, 132, 146, 151–2

Nation of Islam, 69, 102–3, 107, 108–9, 138, 139, 141, 148, 199 n. 1

see also Black Muslim(s); Fruit of Islam; Islam; Muslim

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 41, 139, 170

National Film Registry, 42, 114

Native Americans, 85

negritude, 16

neighborhoods, 4, 5, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 42, 43, 47, 48–9, 51, 54, 56, 58, 61, 67, 71, 97, 99, 101, 117, 125, 128, 153, 155, 156, 169, 172, 192, 197 n. 3

Network, 160

New York Film Critics Circle, 41, 114

New York City, New Yorkers, 2, 4, 10, 11, 13–19, 28, 45, 46, 62, 63, 70, 72, 73, 94, 99, 104, 110, 114, 128, 130, 132, 133, 154, 157, 169, 171–3, 182, 192

see also Brooklyn; Harlem

New York University, 14–15, 192–3

Night of the Hunter, The, 59

9/11, 11, 171–7, 201–2 n. 3

see also World Trade Center

Nobel Peace Prize, 65–6

Nunn, Bill, 32, 43, 52, 59

Obama, Barack and Michelle, 1

Oldboy, 5, 191

Original Kings of Comedy, The, 166

Oscars, 106

see also Academy Awards

Our Town, 200 n. 3

Page, Clarence, 85–6

pan-Africanism, 104, 107

Park, Chan-wook, 191

Parker, Charlie, 76, 186

Parks, Suzan-Lori, 135

Passing Strange, 192

patriarchy, 25, 121–3, 137

Pavarotti, Luciano, 54, 201 n. 6

Pavarotti & Friends 99 for Guatemala and Kosovo, 201 n. 6

Perez, Rosie, 51

Perl, Arnold, 112–13

Perry, Edmund, 70, 71–2

Phifer, Mekhi, 125

Pierce, Wendell, 140, 170

pigmentocracy, 38

politics, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 27, 28, 30–1, 45, 55, 61, 62–5, 80, 85, 90–116, 139, 142, 169, 178

Pollard, Sam, 3, 126, 132, 164, 170

pooh-bahs, 106, 109

polyphony, 50

Poseidon, 191

poverty, 18–19, 47, 94, 127, 132

Price, Richard, 124–5, 128, 130–1, 132, 198 n. 3

Prince, 76, 113, 196 n. 4

Producers, The, 160

projects, see housing projects

Public Enemy, 3, 51, 53, 58, 61, 149, 151–2

Pulitzer Prize, 110, 111

Purple Rain, 2

Queens, New York, 18, 71, 72, 154, 172

Quinn, Anthony, 91

race, 5, 7, 10, 11, 28, 29–35, 40, 42, 53, 62, 83, 90, 97, 99–100, 101, 103, 104, 109–12, 115, 123–4, 133, 139, 141, 142, 159–63, 177, 182, 185, 188, 196 n. 5

racial bias, prejudice, 15, 83

racial epithets, slurs, 11, 46–7, 63, 64, 174

racism, 7, 10, 15, 38, 43, 45, 51, 83, 85, 100, 104, 107, 120, 121, 133, 136, 142, 144, 147–8, 159–60, 164–5, 184, 189, 197 n. 3, 198 n. 1, 202 n. 3

see also bigotry; stereotypes

radical chic, 45

Raging Bull, 108

rap, 17, 23, 43, 51, 53–4, 55, 151–2, 159, 161

see also hop-hop; jazz; music, musicians

rape, 25, 27, 47, 120, 172, 176–7

see also sexual assault

Redding, Otis, 55

Red Hook Summer, 192

riot(s), 45, 101

Robbins Jerome, 46, 195 n. 1

’Round Midnight, 76, 82

saluting, see stepping

Sankofa, 88

School Daze, 2, 6, 8, 23, 28–40, 41, 42, 93, 96, 193

Scorsese, Martin, 108, 124–5, 157

Seale, Bobby, 103, 168

separatism, 103

Sesame Street, 46, 81

sex, sexuality, 21–2, 24–7, 42, 99–101, 136–8, 179

sexism, 25, 39, 121, 137, 157

Sex, Lies, and Videotape, 45

sexual assault, 63-5

see also rape

Shabazz, Attallah, 104–5

Shabazz, Dr. Betty, 104–5, 108

Shabazz, El-Hajj Malik El-, see

El-Shabazz, El-Hajj Malik

Shaft, 88

Sharpton, Rev. Al, 71, 83, 99, 103, 170

She Hate Me, 6, 134, 167, 78–80, 183, 202 n. 4

Shelton, Zimmie, 14

She’s Gotta Have It, 2, 6, 9, 17, 19–28, 86, 106, 122, 135, 137, 193

Simpson, O.J., 140, 143–4

slavery, 18, 29, 64, 146

Smallwood, Yvonne, 70, 72

Smith, Roger Guenveur, 54, 140, 154, 168–9

Snipes, Wesley, 77, 91, 140

Soldier’s Story, A, 110

South Africa, 29, 103–4

see also Soweto

Southern Baptists, 108

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 69

Soweto, 104

Spelman College, 14

Spike’s Joint, 84

Spin, 111

spontaneity, 90, 92–3

Stay, 201 n. 2

stepping, 35–7

stereotypes, 11, 82, 83, 84–6, 121, 159, 162–3, 179, 188, 198 n. 1

see also race

Stewart, Michael, 70

Straw Dogs, 7

Sucker Free City, 169

Summer of Sam, 5, 6, 111, 153–7, 158, 163, 165, 168, 190

taboos, 90–1

Taj Mahal, 95–6, 97

Tarantino, Quentin, 136–7

Taubin, Amy, 10, 127, 135, 194 n. 3

television, 3, 4, 8, 25, 36, 46, 73, 84, 101, 158–63, 164, 165, 168–71, 192, 198 n. 2, 201 n. 2

Thomas, Margaret, 32–5, 93

Thor, 191

Till, Emmett, 99

Tisch School of the Arts, 13

To Sleep with Anger, 87

Troy, 201 n. 2

Turturro, John, 43, 82, 91, 126, 136, 151, 178

25th Hour (film), 5, 6, 11, 99, 111, 132, 134, 167, 171–8, 193, 201–2 n. 3

25th Hour, The (novel), 171

Twilight Zone, The, 73

United Front to Preserve the Legacy of Malcolm X, 105–6

Universal Pictures, 3, 76, 79, 84, 180

Vincent, Frank, 96

violence, 44, 65–7, 73–5, 89, 101, 104–6, 121, 132, 141, 150, 155, 168

Walker, Alice, 87

Wallace, Michelle, 24–6, 28, 29–30

Wall of Fame, 43, 54–5, 196 n. 5

Warner Bros., 2, 3, 112–13, 191, 197–8

Washington, Denzel, 76, 77, 102, 109, 110, 114, 115, 116, 150, 152, 180, 182, 198 n. 8

Welcome Back, Kotter, 18

West Side Story, 195 n. 1

When the Levees Broke: A

Requiem in Four Acts, 4, 170, 192

Whitaker, Forest, 76

White, Armond, 6, 63

whites, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 30, 31, 38–9, 42, 47, 50, 54, 63–4, 69–70, 73–4, 76, 85–8, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98, 99–101, 102, 103, 104, 107, 110–12, 116, 124, 133–4, 135, 143–4, 147–8, 149, 155, 159–60, 166, 169, 177–8, 182, 183, 184, 186, 192, 197 n. 3, 201–2 n. 3

William Morris Agency, 17

Wilson, August, 111–12

Winfrey, Oprah, 113, 162

Wire, The, 128

Wonder, Stevie, 55, 196 n. 4

Woodard, Alfre, 118

World Trade Center, 171, 172, 175–6

see also 9/11

World War II, 146, 167, 184–7

Worth, Marvin, 106, 197–8 n. 7

X, Malcolm, 44, 57, 61, 62, 65–70, 74, 101–16, 147–8, 157, 184, 193, 196 n. 5, 197–8 n. 7

X-Men Origins: Wolverine, 201 n. 2

Young, Andrew, 69

Zacharek, Stephanie, 10