Boldface indicates illustrations.
A
Advanced Tethered Vehicle (ATV) 206, 207–208
AE2 (submarine) 256
Alberthal, Lester, Jr. 144–145, 164
Alexander von Humboldt (ship) 247–251
Alvin (submersible)
Cayman Trough 62–63, photo insert
Cronkite aboard 100
East Pacific Rise 72–73, photo insert
Gulf of Maine 49
Mid-Atlantic Ridge 50
science community and 46, 84, 89
Scorpion expedition 135
Thresher expedition 135
Titanic expedition 128–134, photo insert
Amphoras 146, 153, 193–194, 196–197, 214–215, 217–221, 271–272
Amundsen, Roald 227
Andrews, Thomas 101
Angus (camera sled)
Cayman Trough 64
Titanic expeditions 116–117, 133
Archimède (bathyscaphe) 51, 52–54, 58, 59
Argo (ROV)
Bismarck search 147–148, 154, photo insert
JASON Project 145
Mediterranean shipwrecks 145, 146
testing 163
Titanic search 96, 104, 106–110, 112–116, 118
Argus (imaging sled)
Black Sea expedition 224
Eratosthenes Seamount 259
Gallipoli expedition 256
PT-109 search 235, photo insert
Turkish Air Force jet search 267, 269
Arizona, U.S.S. 206
Armor, Tim 182
Astor, John Jacob, IV 250
Atlanta, U.S.S. 176
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder 288–289
ATV (Advanced Tethered Vehicle) 206, 207–208
B
Ballard, Barbara see Earle, Barbara
Ballard, Benjamin (son)
birth and childhood 188, 197, 199, 206, 229
dyslexia 289
Nautilus expeditions 255–256, 271–272, photo insert
Ballard, Blake (grandson) 308
Ballard, Carol (sister-in-law) 204
Ballard, Carter (grandson) 308
Ballard, Chet (father)
Ballard’s childhood 13–16, 19, 20–21
at Ballard’s wedding 170
childhood 16
death 204
dyslexia 288
East Pacific Rise expedition 74
relationship with Ballard 203–204
World War II 203
Ballard, Douglas (son)
Black Sea expedition photo insert
character traits 289
childhood 47, 76, 134–135, 157–158, 170, photo insert
children 308
Colorado River rafting trip 142
Queen Elizabeth 2 126
Titanic discovery 119
Ballard, Emily (daughter)
DEEP SEA Space 309
dyslexia 289
as Nautilus crew member photo insert
Tolkien quotation 310
Ballard, Harriet (mother)
on Ballard’s Hatchville farmhouse 47
on Ballard’s use of sailor language 23–24
at Ballard’s wedding 170
death 289
Earhart as hero 293
family background 17
as housewife 48
later life 204
spelling ability 288
on Titanic discovery 11–12, 126
Ballard, Jan (sister-in-law) 170
Ballard, Jeff (nephew) 204
Ballard, Marjorie see Hargas, Marjorie
Ballard, Nancy Ann (sister) 15, 18–19, 170, 204, 289, photo insert
Ballard, Richard (brother)
at Ballard’s wedding 170
death 289
marriages 35, 38, 48, 76, 160–161
medical issues 20
Ballard, Robert
athleticism 20
calm under pressure 33
childhood ambition to be oceanographer 15, 19–25
determination and tenacity 16, 36, 305
dyslexia 18, 19, 29, 47, 285–290, 308–309
education 27–30, 33–36, 38, 46–49, 54, 59
entrepreneurial instincts 17, 19, 83
insecurity 285
as prankster 19
relationship with Barbara Earle 167–171, 197–199, photo insert
relationship with Marjorie Hargas 37–39, 48, 76, 160–162
time management and discipline 288–289
as visual thinker 30–31, 285, 286
see also specific people, places, topics, and vessels
Ballard, Thomas (ancestor) 137
Ballard, Todd (son)
Bismarck search 147–148, 153–155, photo insert
character traits 142–143, 146, 158–160, 289
childhood 47, 76, 134–135, photo insert
Colorado River rafting trip 142
Mediterranean scouting expedition 146
salmon fishing in Canada 143
Titanic discovery 119
Bascom, Willard 81, 211–213, 215, 221, 224, 226
Bechtel, Riley P. and Susie 258
Bell, Alexander Graham 45
Bell, Katy Croff 264–265, 268–269
Ben (autonomous surface vessel) 300, 301
Berger, Lee 282
Big Events 80
Binkley, Johnny 17
Bioluminescence 56
Bismarck (German battleship)
crew deaths 141
search for 144, 147–149, 153–155, photo insert
Black Sea 211–226, photo insert
anoxic layer 81, 212–213, 221, 224, 225
Bascom’s research 81, 211–213, 215, 221, 224
shipwrecks 12, 81, 140, 225–226, photo insert
Black smokers 72–75, 76, photo insert
Boston Museum of Science 150
Boston Sea Rovers 44–45, 61, 222, photo insert
Bowen, Andy 93, 150, 176, 180–181
Bowen, Martin 104, 107, 117, 131, 152, photo insert
Bradt, Laurie 249, 252, 275–276
Bright Shark (Ballard) 214
Britannic wreckage 195
Brokaw, Tom 118
Brown, Betty Klenck 295, 298, 299
C
Californian (steamship) 122
Calypso (ship) 254
Campbell, Joseph 162–163, 167, 188, 307
Capable, U.S.N.S. 241
Carolyn Chouest, M/V 195
Carothers, Robert 238
Cattle drives 263
Cayman Trough 62–63, 64, 69–71, 76, photo insert
Charles, Prince of Wales 123–125
Chemosynthesis 68
Clark, Eugenie 45
Claudius, Gordon 279
CNEXO (French National Center for Exploitation of the Oceans) 49–50
Cortez, Sea of, Mexico 183
Cousteau, Jacques 44–45, 55, 223, 237, 254
Cousteau, Philippe 45
COVID-19 crisis 309
Crabs 268
Craig, Harmon 77
Crystal, Billy 136
Culberson, John 242
Cyana (submersible) 54, 59, 72–73
D
Dakar (submarine) 214
Dalton, Chad 158
DEEP SEA Space 309
Deep Tow (sonar vehicle) 65, 72, 73, 205
Deep Water, Ancient Ships (Bascom) 212
Dettweiler, Tom 93
Diamond, Neil 125
Diana, Princess of Wales 123–125
Disney, Walt 289
“Doctors on Call” program 261
Dodd, Chris 240
Dolphins 36–37, 38, photo insert
Drew, Christopher 90
Dyslexia
Ballard’s 18, 19, 29, 47, 285–290, 308–309
The Dyslexic Advantage (Eide and Eide) 285–290
multisensory museum exhibits 309
E
Earhart, Amelia 293–305, photo insert
Earle, Barbara
character traits 180, 182, 183–184, 198
friendships 308
Jackson Hole, Wyoming 263
Lusitania expedition 183–188, photo insert
motherhood 184, 188, 197, 199, 200–201, 206, 289
National Geographic Television specials 227
relationship with Ballard 167–171, 197–199, photo insert
seaQuest DSV 184
Yorktown search 206
East Pacific Rise 71–75, photo insert
Edgerton, Harold 45
EEZ (exclusive economic zone) 273–275, 296, 305
Eide, Brock L. and Fernette F. 285–288
Emery, Kenneth O. 43, 46, 49–50
Enterprise, U.S.S. 203
Eratosthenes Seamount 258–262, 271–273
Erciyes, Cagatay 268
Ewing, Maurice 51
Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) 273–275, 296, 305
F
FAMOUS see Project FAMOUS
France
Titanic search 96, 99, 102, 103, 112–113, 120, 121, 127–128, 243
Trieste (bathyscaphe) 44
see also Project FAMOUS
Francheteau, Jean 51–52, 71–73
Francheteau, Marta 52
Franklin, Sir John 228
French-American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study see Project FAMOUS
Fundis, Allison 297, 300, 302–303, 304, 308, 309
G
Galápagos Islands 165–166, 180–183
Galápagos Rift 65–67, 72, 124, photo insert
Gallipoli, Battle of (1915) 255–257
Giddings, Al 45
Gimbel, Peter 45
Glenn, John 223
Glomar Explorer (ship) 81
Goodall, Jane 223
Gore, Al 201
Gray, Harry 200
Greenert, Jonathan 270, 278–279
Gregg, Judd 238
Griffith, Dwaine 136, 170, 174
Grimm, Jack 83, 86–87, 94–95, 106, 133
Grosvenor, Melville Bell 45, 61
Guadalcanal, Battle of (1942–1943) 173–180
H
Hamilton (schooner) 164
Hargas, Marjorie
Loch Ness monster trip 63
marital problems and divorce 48, 76, 160–162
marriage to Ballard 37–39, 41, 47, 76, 134–135, photo insert
Queen Elizabeth 2 126
Titanic discovery 119
Whitefish Lake, Montana photo insert
Hart, Eva 243
Heirtzler, Jim 50
Hennes, Tom 200
Hercules (camera system)
design and construction 228, 239
Earhart search 300, 301, 302, photo insert
funding 229
Gallipoli expedition 256
Robert E. Lee expedition 277–278
Titanic exploration 242, 244–246, photo insert
Turkish Air Force jet search 267–268, 269
Hie, Fredrik 221
Hillary, Sir Edmund 223
Hitler, Adolf 276
Hollings, Fritz 229, 237–238, 240
Homer (remote-controlled vehicle) 185
Hornet, U.S.S. 203
Howland, John 89
Huet de Froberville, Gérard 58
Huizenga, Wayne and Marti 258
Hydrothermal vents 66–68, 71–76, photo insert
I
In Search Of (TV show) 64
Inouye, Daniel 240
The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) 294–296, 297
International Seapower Symposium 84–85
Irresistible shipwreck 255, 256
Isis (shipwreck) 146, 149, 151, 153, 194, photo insert
J
Jackson Hole, Wyoming 263
James, Chris 186
Jannasch, Holger 71
Jason (ROV)
design and construction 83–84, 93–94, 148–149
Lusitania wreckage 185, 186–187, photo insert
Mediterranean Sea 195, 196, photo insert
prototype (see Jason Jr.)
robotic hand 219
Sea of Cortez, Mexico 183
JASON Foundation for Education 163–164, 182
Jason Jr. (JJ) 127–133, 135, 136, 180–181, photo insert
JASON Project
Bismarck search 147
development of 142, 144–145, 150
end of 248
Eratosthenes Seamount 261–262, 271–273
films about 155
Florida Keys 199
funding 258
Hawaii 199
science courses for schoolchildren 141–142, 149–150, 152–153, 167–168, 183
JJ see Jason Jr. (JJ)
Johnson, Osa and Martin 175
Joubert, Dereck and Beverly 282
K
Kaplan Fund 200
Karalekas, Tina 99
Kennedy, Jacqueline 229
King, Larry 201
Knorr, R/V 104–119, photo insert
Koll, Don 139–141, 143–144, 153, 258
Kristof, Emory 62–63, 83, 103, 104, 108–109, photo insert
L
Laney Chouest (ship) 206
Lange, Bill 110
Lavoy, Peter 294
Le Suroit (ship) 99
Lehman, John
character traits 92
maritime strategy 84–86, 92–93, 136
Titanic search 92–93, 95, 121, 127
Levy, Leon 216
Little Hercules (camera) 224, 235, 236, photo insert
Littlehales, Bates 45
Lloyd’s of London 145
Lord, Walter 101
Lubetkin, Megan 303–304, 308, 309
Lusitania wreckage 173, 183–188, photo insert
Lyman Allyn Art Museum, Connecticut 309
M
Mabus, Ray 279
MacInnis, Joe 45
Marden, Luis 45
Maritime Management 253
Marschall, Ken 186, photo insert
Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation 200
Matthias, Paul 187
Mayer, Larry 309
Mead, Margaret 30
Medea (ROV) 152
Mediterranean Sea research
amphoras 146, 153, 193–194, 196–197, 214–215, 217–219, 271–272
ancient trade routes 12, 136, 193, 197, 259, 260–261, 272
Bass’s research 222
downed bombers 43
Eratosthenes Seamount 258–262, 271–273
funding 141
JASON Project 145
shipwrecks 140, 141, 146, 193–197, 214–220, 239, photo insert
Michel, Jean-Louis
Project FAMOUS 51
Titanic search 95–96, 102–104, 108–110, 112–113, 115, 120, 121, 127, photo insert
Mid-ocean ridge 85
Mooney, Brad photo insert
Mussels 66
Mystic Marinelife Aquarium, Connecticut 189–192, 198, 200, 202, 249, 252
N
National Geographic Channel 244, 246
National Geographic magazine 45, 61, 63–64, 76, 127, 134
National Geographic Society
Centennial Award 223
Earhart search 296–297, 299–300, 305
Explorers Festival 281–285, 290, 292
Genographic Project 283
JASON Foundation 164
photographers 45
Pristine Seas 282
Titanic discovery 120, 121–122, photo insert
National Geographic Television
Bismarck search 141, 147–148, 149, 153
closure of studio 261
Endurance expedition 227
Gallipoli shipwrecks 255, 256–257
hydrothermal vents 76
JASON Project 155
The Lost Fleet of Guadalcanal 173, 178, 179
Lusitania 173
National Geographic Explorer 161
Nazi Attack on America 276
Phoenician shipwrecks 218
The Search for Kennedy’s PT-109 229–231, 237
Yorktown search 206
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 237–238, 240, 241, 257–258, 273–274, 305
National Science Foundation 62, 84, 89
Nautile (French mini-sub) 243
Nautilus, E/V
acquisition (as Humboldt) 249–251
crew 253, 266, 268–269, 271, photo insert
Earhart search 296, 300–305, photo insert
Eratosthenes Seamount 258–262, 271–273
lead scientist 264–265, 268–269
Robert E. Lee expedition 277–279
Turkish Air Force jet search 263–271
Walking with the Ancients project 284
Navy see U.S. Navy
Nichols, Guy 164
Nichols, Roger L. 150
Nielson, Terry 84
A Night to Remember (Lord) 101
Nikumaroro island 294–301, 305, photo insert
Nimoy, Leonard 64
NOAA 237–238, 240, 241, 257–258, 273–274, 305
Noah’s Flood (Ryan and Pitman) 213–214, 215, 221–225
Noonan, Fred 295, 298–299, 300
North American Aviation 29
Northern Horizon (ship) 184–188, 217–220, 224–226
Norwich City, S.S. 295–296, 298, 300, 301, 302, photo insert
NR-1 (submarine) 194–196, 199, 214, photo insert
O
Ocean
government funding for exploration 229, 237–238, 240–242, 273
Ocean Exploration Trust (OET) 252, 276, 297, 309
Oceanic Institute, Hawaii 36–37, 38
Odyssey Enterprises 170, 171, 173–180
Office of Naval Research 39, 41–42, 84, 88, 89
Offinger, Cathy 64, 150–151, 181, 208, 230
Okeanos Explorer (ship) 241, 258, 274
Operation Drumbeat 276
O’Reilly, David and Joan 258
P
Patricelli, Robert 309
Pearl Harbor, attack on 202–203, 206
Pelli, César 200
Phoenician shipwrecks 214–220, 239
Piccard, Jacques 44
Pitman, Walter 213–214, 215, 221–225
Plate tectonics
Galápagos Rift 65
Mid-Atlantic Ridge 49, 52–53, 57–59
National Geographic Television special 76
Q
Queen Elizabeth 2 (ship) 126
R
R Lazy S Ranch 263
Rakestraw, Norris 21
Ravenscroft, Alan 83
Reagan, Ronald 84–85, 92–93, 123–125, 127, 139
Rechberger, Kristin 282
Rechnitzer, Andrew 39
Restless M (Australian supply boat) 174–179
Ricciardone, Francis J., Jr. 263–264
Richard, Chas 214
Roman, Chris 268
Ronald H. Brown (NOAA flagship) 244–246
Ryan, William 86, 107, 213–214, 215, 221–225
S
Sagan, Carl 123
Sala, Enric 282
Sauder, Eric 186
Scheider, Roy 184
Scorpio (deep-towed side-scan sonar system) 179
Scorpion, U.S.S. 69, 90–91, 95, 102, 104–106, 128, 135, 136
Scourge (schooner) 164
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Capricorn Expedition 211
Deep Tow 205
Galápagos Rift 65
research facilities 21
WHOI rivalry 39, 42, 43, 73–74, 81, 93
Sea Cliff (submersible) 179
Sea Life Park, Hawaii 36–37, photo insert
Sea lions 180
Sea Research Foundation 192
Sea Rovers 44–45, 61, 222, photo insert
Seaprobe (ship) 81–82, 212–213
seaQuest DSV (TV show) 184
Sender, Karen 207
Shackleton, Sir Ernest 227–228
Shelley, Mark 187
Shepard, Alan 125
Shipworms 212
Silva, Gene 88
Simon, William 200
Sims, Neil 291
Sinop, Turkey 221–222, 224, 239
Sinop D shipwreck 225–226, 239
Skerki Bank expedition 146, 195–198
Slickensides 260
Smart, Claire 279
Solomon Islands 173–180, 229–237
Sontag, Sherry 90
Spielberg, Steven 184
Spiess, Fred Noel
Ballard and 34–35, 76, 77, 191
Deep Tow 205
WHOI rivalry 93
Spradlin, Diane 144
Squires, Bob 93
Stager, Larry 214, 216–220, 272
Stanford University 65–66, 75–76, 83
Steele, John
conflicts with Ballard 120–123, 191
Jason expedition 150
Titanic and 83, 111, 118, 120–121, 127–128
WHOI Center for Marine Exploration 126, 127, 137, 144
Submersibles, manned
limitations 83–84, 128, 131–132
North American Aviation 29
Project FAMOUS 52
scientists’ disdain toward 50–51
Sunfish (autonomous underwater system) 284
Surgi, Bill 209
T
Tantum, William H. 80, 83, 101–102, 133
Taylor, Rod and Valerie 45
TBS see Turner Broadcasting
Tectonic plates see Plate tectonics
Teredinidae (shipworms) 212
Thayer, Jack 100, 101–102, 106, 111, 116, 287
The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery (TIGHAR) 294–296, 297
Thresher, U.S.S. 89–90, 95–98, 105–106, 135, 136
Titanic (film) 45, 200–202, 208
Titanic, R.M.S.
artifacts 132, 242–244, 245–246, photo insert
Atlantis II visit (1986) 126–134, photo insert
Ballard’s books about 134, 144
Ballard’s pipe dream 45, 79–83, 91–93, 95–96, 100–110
Big Events search 80
debris field 106–107, 110, 112, 132, 287
French search 96, 99, 102, 103, 112–113, 120, 121, 127–128, 243
Grand Staircase 91, 116, 127, 130–131
grandeur 79, photo insert
Grimm/Spiess/Ryan search 86–87, 106–107
Grimm’s search 83, 86–87, 94–95, 133
media frenzy 11, 118–122, photo insert
model 200
press conferences 120, 121–122, 134
reactions to discovery 11–12, 109–111, 115, 118, photo insert
return visit (2004) 242, 244–246, photo insert
status boost from discovery 123–126, 134, 136–137
survivors 243
tragedy 80, 100–102, 111, 122, 133–134, 250
Titanic Historical Society 80
Titanic’s Lost Sister (PBS show) 195
Tolkien, J.R.R. 310
Travolta, John 125
Trieste (bathyscaphe) 44
Trieste II (bathyscaphe) 69–71, 96, 105
Triumph shipwreck 256
Tube worms 66–67, 68, 71, 124, 260, photo insert
Turkish Air Force jet search 263–271
Turner, Ted 149
Turner Broadcasting (TBS) 134, 141, 149, 151, 167–168, 227
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (film) 19–20
Tzimoulis, Paul 45
U
U-166 (Nazi submarine) 276–279
Uluburun shipwreck 222
University of California at Santa Barbara 27–30, 34
University of Hawaii at Manoa 36, 38, 205, 206
University of Rhode Island 46–48, 54, 238–239, 261, 274–275
U.S. Navy
Ballard’s classified work 136
Deep Submergence Systems group 89
Guadalcanal anniversary 174, 179
International Seapower Symposium 84–85
Submarine Development Group One 128, 179, 205–206
Titanic expeditions 91–93, 95, 104–118, 121, 127–134
undersea terrain warfare 85, 87–89, 91
Yorktown search 205–206, 207–208
see also NR-1; Office of Naval Research; PT-109; Scorpion; Thresher
V
Van Andel, Tjeerd Hendrik 66, 75, 77
Verd, George 89
Viola, Vincent 249–252, 264–266, 270, 287
Vitulli, Marco 139–140, 143–144, 153
W
Walking with the Ancients project 283–284
War of 1812 164
Waterman, Stan 45
Wells, Spencer 283
White, Shelby 216
Whitefish Lake, Montana 76, 134–135, 157–158, 160, 162, photo insert
Williams, Robin 136
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)
Ballard as Office of Naval Research liaison to 39, 42–44
Ballard’s career 46, 48, 62, 64, 71, 75–77, 190–192, 199
Center for Marine Exploration 126, 127, 137, 144
Deep Submergence Group 43
Deep Submergence Laboratory 93–94, 104
funding 137–139, 141, 144, 190
Galápagos Rift 65
Jason sponsorship 150
Scripps rivalry 39, 42, 43, 73–74, 81, 93
Titanic expeditions 80–83, 119–121, 132, 134, 190
see also Project FAMOUS
Y
Yoerger, Dana 93, 108, 150, 151–152
Yorktown, U.S.S. 197–198, 202–209, photo insert
Young, Carole 144
Young, Earl 64, 104, 113–114, 117
Young, Jim 144