|
AEMG |
Autorisations d’exportation de Matériels de Guerre. An export licence the French Ministry of Defence gave for arms shipments |
|
AFP |
Agence France-Presse |
|
Akazu |
Literally ‘little house’ or inner circle around Madame Habyarimana, which became a meeting point for Hutu power extremists and the planning group behind the genocide |
|
APC |
armoured personnel carrier |
|
bourgmestre |
local government leader in charge of a ‘commune’ or district. There were 229 communes |
|
CDR |
Coalition pour la Défense de la République. A |
|
CEA |
Central and Eastern Africa |
|
CEPGL |
Communauté économique des Pays des Grands Lacs |
|
CIEEMG |
Commission interministérielle pour l’étude des exportations des matériels de guerre. French commission that gave official sales notice to arms exports |
|
CNN |
Cable News Network. American news channel |
|
CRAP |
Commandos de Recherche et d’Action en Profondeur. Elite reconnaissance/special forces unit based within French regiments |
|
DAMI |
Détachement d’assistance militaire et d’instruction. French military training and assistance troops based in Rwanda from late 1980s to instruct Habyarimana’s army |
|
DGSE |
Direction générale de la Sécurité extérieure. French external secret service comparable to British MI6 |
|
DPKO |
Department of Peacekeeping Operations (United Nations) |
|
DST |
Direction de la surveillance du territoire. French interior secret services |
|
EICA |
Escadron d’Intervention des Commandos de l’Air |
|
ETO |
École technique officielle. Technical school run by priests near Kigali and massacre site after UN and French troops pulled out in April 1994 |
|
EU |
European Union |
|
EUC |
end user certificate needed for arms shipments |
|
FAL |
fusil automatique léger – light automatic rifle |
|
FAR |
Forces armées rwandaises. Rwandan government army |
|
FIDH |
Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l’homme (international human rights federation) |
|
FMLN |
Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional |
|
GIGN |
Groupe d’Intervention de la Gendarmerie nationale. French police anti-terrorist branch |
|
IBUKA |
Rwandan association of genocide survivors |
|
ICTR |
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Based in Arusha, Tanzania, set up under UN auspices to judge the main organizers of the genocide |
|
IFRI |
Institut Français des Relations Internationales |
|
Impuzamugambi |
‘Those who have the same goal’. CDR youth militia involved in the genocide |
|
inkotanyi |
‘those who fight bravely’. Term often used for RPF, but with older monarchical connotations |
|
Interahamwe |
‘Those who work together’. MRND youth militia and leading participant in the genocide policy |
|
inyenzi |
‘cockroaches’. Nickname given to Tutsis in 1959 with a view to dehumanizing them |
|
IRIN |
Integrated Regional Information Networks |
|
MAM |
Military Assistance Mission. French military campaign in Rwanda |
|
MilOb |
military observer |
|
MRND(D) |
Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie (et le développement). Habyarimana’s political party implicated in the genocide |
|
MSF |
Médicins Sans Frontières. French medical aid agency |
|
NATO |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
|
NGO |
non-governmental organization |
|
NRA |
National Resistance Army. Formed in 1981 by later Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni, a rebel group that fought to overthrow Milton’s Obote’s regime |
|
OAU |
Organization of African Unity. Umbrella body of African nations |
|
ORINFOR |
Office Rwandais d’information |
|
PSD |
Parti socialiste démocratique (Democratic Socialist Party) Rwandan opposition party |
|
RDP |
Régiment des dragons parachutistes |
|
RGF |
Rwandan Government Forces (also known as FAR) |
|
RPA |
Rwandese Patriotic Army. National army formed from RPF after its victory in 1994 – military wing of RPF |
|
RPF |
Rwandese Patriotic Front. Mainly Tutsi guerrilla army that fought against the Habyarimana regime |
|
RPIMA |
Régiment parachutiste de l’infanterie de marine (d’Assaut). Regular army parachute regiments that served in Rwanda from late 1980s |
|
RPR |
Rassemblement Pour la République. French rightwing political party |
|
RTLM |
Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines. Radio station set up in 1993 as mouthpiece for genocidaires and Hutu extremists, with links to the Habyarimana government |
|
SHZ |
safe humanitarian zone |
|
Sofremas |
Société française d’exploitation de matériels et systèmes d’armement contrôlé par l’Etat. |
|
UNAMIR |
United Nations Assistance Mission to Rwanda, deployed in October 1993 in line with the Arusha accords |
|
UNAMIR II |
United Nations Assistance Mission to Rwanda II, voted into being on 17 May 1994, it was eventually deployed to relieve Operation Turquoise in August 1994 |
|
UNDP |
United Nations Development Programme |
|
UNICEF |
UN children’s fund |
|
UNICOI |
United Nations International Commission of Inquiry |