Selected Bibliography

1. 4 Film Favorites: Lethal Weapon, Lethal Weapon 2, Lethal Weapon 3, Lethal Weapon 4 . Los Angeles: Warner Bros., 2014. DVD.
2. 24: The Complete Series . 2001–2010. Produced by Robert Cochran and Joel Surnow. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox Entertainment, 2010. DVD.
3. 48 Hours . DVD. Directed by Walter Hill. Paramount Pictures, 1999.
4. A Good Day to Die Hard . Directed by John Moore. 20th Century Fox, 2013. Amazon Prime.
5. A Stranger Among Us . Directed by Sidney Lumet. Hollywood Pictures, 1992.
6. A Thief of Time . DVD. Directed by Chris Eyre. PBS Home Video, 2004.
7. Abalos, David T.The Latino Male: A Radical Redefinition . Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.
8. Abbott, Megan E.The Street Was Mine: White Masculinity in Hardboiled Fiction and Film Noir . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
9. Adams, Rachel, and David Savran, eds.The Masculinity Studies Reader, Keyworks in Cultural Studies . Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
10. Alias—Seasons 1–5, Complete Series . 2001–2006. Produced by J. J. Abrams. Burbank, CA: Buena Vista Home Entertainment, 2006. DVD.
11. Allen, Judith A. “Men Interminably in Crisis? Historians on Masculinity, Sexual Boundaries, and Manhood.”Radical History Review no. 82 (Winter 2002).
12. Allen, Robert C., and Douglas Gomery.Film History: Theory and Practice . New York: Random House, 1985.
13. Allen, Theodore W.The Invention of the White Race . New York: Verso, 1997.
14. Alpert, Geoffrey P., and Roger G. Dunham.Policing Urban America . Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1997.
15. Alsultany, Evelyn.Arabs and Muslims in the Media: Race and Representation After 9/11 . New York University Press, 2012.
16. Ames, Christopher. “Restoring the Black Man’s Lethal Weapon: Race and Sexuality in Contemporary Cop Films.”Journal of Popular Film and Television 20, no. 3 (1992).
17. Anderson, Benedict.Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism . New York: Verso, 1991.
18. Angel Eyes . Director Luis Mandoki. Franchise Pictures, 2001.
19. Anzaldúa, Gloria.Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza . San Francisco, CA: Aunt Lute Books, 2012.
20. Apel, Dora.Imagery of Lynching: Black Men, White Women, and the Mob . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004.
21. Arrigo, Jean Maria. “A Utilitarian Argument Against Torture Interrogation of Terrorists.”Science and Engineering Ethics 10 (2004).
22. Arroyo, José, ed.Action/Spectacle Cinema: A Sight and Sound Reader . London: British Film Institute, 2000.
23. Asensio, Marysol, ed.Latina/o Sexualities: Probing Powers, Passions, Practices, and Policies . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2009.
24. Ashley, Bob, ed.Reading Popular Narrative: A Source Book . London: Leicester University Press, 1997.
25. Augé, Étienne. “Hollywood Movies: Terrorism 101.”Cercles 5 (2002): 147–63.
26. Avila-Saavedra, Guillermo. “Ethnic Otherness Versus Cultural Assimilation: U.S. Latino Comedians and the Politics of Identity.”Mass Communication and Society 14, no. 3 (2011).
27. Back, Les, and John Solomos, eds.Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader . New York: Routledge, 2000.
28. Baker, Aaron, and Juliann Vitullo. “Screening the Italian-American Male.” InMasculinity: Bodies, Movies, Culture , edited by Peter Lehman. New York: Routledge, 2001.
29. Balio, Tino. “Hollywood Production Trends in the Era of Globalisation, 1990–99.” InGenre and Contemporary Hollywood , edited by Steve Neale. London: British Film Institute, 2002.
30. Banet-Weiser, Sarah, Cynthia Chris, and Anthony Freitas.Cable Visions: Television Beyond Broadcasting . New York: New York University Press, 2007.
31. Barney Miller: The Complete Series . 1974–1982. Los Angeles: Shout! Factory, 2011. DVD.
32. Barthes, Roland. “Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives.” InReading Popular Narrative: A Source Book , edited by Bob Ashley. London: Leicester University Press, 1997.
33. Basinger, Jeanine.A Woman’s View: How Hollywood Spoke to Women 1930–1960 . Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1995.
34. Baudrillard, Jean.Symbolic Exchange and Death . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1976.
35. Bederman, Gail.Manliness & Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
36. Beiner, Ronald, ed.Theorizing Nationalism . Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.
37. Bell, Derrick A.Race, Racism, and American Law . Middletown: Little, Brown, 1980.
38. Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller.” InReading Popular Narrative , edited by Bob Ashley. London: Leicester University Press, 1997.
39. Berger, Maurice, Brian Wallis, and Simon Watson, eds.Constructing Masculinity . New York: Routledge, 1995.
40. Bernardi, Daniel, ed.Classic Hollywood, Classic Whiteness . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001.
41. Betrayed . DVD. Directed by Costa-Gavras. MGM Home Entertainment, 2000.
42. Beverly Hills Cop . Directed by Martin Brest. Paramount Pictures, 1984.
43. Bhabha, Homi K., ed.Nation in Narration . New York: Routledge, 1990.
44. Bigsby, C. W. E., ed.Superculture: American Popular Culture and Europe . Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green Popular Press, 1975.
45. Billig, Michael.Banal Nationalism . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
46. Bingham, Dennis.Acting Male: Masculinities in the Films of James Stewart, Jack Nicholson, and Clint Eastwood . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
47. Black Rain . DVD. Directed by Ridley Scott. Paramount Pictures, 1999.
48. Black Widow . Directed by Bob Rafelson. Americent Films, 1987.
49. Blue Bloods . Produced by Leonard Goldberg, Brian Burns, Mitchell Burgess, Robin Green, Siobhan Byrne O’Connor, Ian Biederman, and Kevin Wade. CBS Television Studios. Columbia Broadcasting System, New York, 2010–present (2019).
50. Blue Steel . DVD. Directed by Kathryn Bigelow. MGM Home Entertainment, 2002.
51. Boal, Mark.Zero Dark Thirty: The Shooting Script . New York: Newmarket Press, 2014.
52. Bodnar, John.Blue-Collar Hollywood: Liberalism, Democracy, and the Working People in American Film . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
53. Boggs, Carl, and Tom Pollard.The Hollywood War Machine: U.S. Militarism and Popular Culture . New York: Routledge, 2007.
54. Bogle, Donald.Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies & Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films . New York: Continuum, 2002.
55. ———.Bright Boulevards, Bold Dreams: The Story of Black Hollywood . New York: HarperCollins, 2007.
56. Bolton, Jr., Kenneth, and Joe R. Feagin.Black in Blue: African-American Police Officers and Racism . New York: Routledge, 2002.
57. The Bone Collector . Directed by Phillip Noyce. Columbia Pictures Corporation, 1999.
58. Bonnie and Clyde . Directed by Arthur Penn. Warner Bros., 1967.
59. Boorstin, Daniel J.The Americans: The National Experience . New York: Vintage, 1967.
60. The Border . DVD. Directed by Tony Richardson. MCA Home Video, 2004.
61. Borderline . Directed by Jerrold Freedman. Incorporated Television Corporation, 1980.
62. Bordwell, David.The Case of Film Noir. The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style and Mode of Production to 1960 . Edited by David Bordwell, Janet Staiger, and Kristin Thompson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
63. Bordwell, David, Janet Staiger, and Kristin Thompson.The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style and Mode of Production to 1960 . New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
64. Bound by Honor (also marketed asBlood in Blood Out ). Directed by Taylor Hackford. Hollywood Pictures, 1993.
65. Bourdieu, Pierre.On Television and Journalism . Translated by Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson. London: Pluto Press, 1998.
66. Bowden, Mark.The Finish: The Killing of Osama bin Laden . Atlantic Monthly Press, 2012.
67. Bowles, Scott. “LAPD Agrees to List of Reforms: U.S. Will Be Watching.”USA Today , October 3, 2000, 1A.
68. Bowser, Benjamin P., ed.Racism and Anti-Racism in World Perspective . Edited by John H. Stanfield II,Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1995.
69. Boyar, Jay. “Less Than Role Model.”Houston Chronicle , September 30, 2001.
70. Boyd, Todd.Am I Black Enough for You? Popular Culture from the ‘Hood and Beyond . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
71. Brass, Paul R.Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison . Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991.
72. Bresler, Robert J., ed.Us vs. Them: American Political and Cultural Conflict from WWII to Watergate . New York: Scholarly Resources, 2000.
73. The Bronze Screen: One Hundred Years of Latino Cinema . Directed by Nancy Alicia de los Santos. Bronze Screen Productions, 2001.
74. Brown, Anna. “The Changing Categories the U.S. Has Used to Measure Race.” June 12, 2015. Available online at: pewresearch.​org .
75. Buchanan, Patrick J. “Whose War? A Neoconservative Clique Seeks to Ensnare Our Country in a Series of Wars That are Not in America’s Interest.”The American Conservative , May 24, 2003.
76. Buffington, Robert M.Criminal and Citizen in Modern Mexico . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.
77. Bullitt . Directed by Peter Yates. Solar Productions, 1968.
78. Burr, Ty. “Good Cop/Bad Cop: Dark Blue Gives Pale Portrayal of Racism.”Boston Globe , February 21, 2003.
79. Butler, Judith.Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity . New York: Routledge, 1990.
80. Cagney & Lacey: The Complete Series—30th Anniversary . 1982–1988. Produced by Barbara Avedon and Barbara Corday. Toronto, ON, Canada: Visual Entertainment, 2012. DVD.
81. Calhoun, Craig.Nationalism . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
82. Captain America: The First Avenger . DVD. Directed by Joe Johnston. Marvel, 2013.
83. Captain America: Civil War . DVD. Directed by Joe Russo. Marvel, 2016.
84. Carby, Hazel V. “The Multicultural Wars.”Radical History Review (Fall 1992): 7–18.
85. Carrigan, Tim, Bob Connell, and John Lee. “Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity.” InThe Masculinity Studies Reader , edited by Rachel Adams and David Savran. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
86. Carson, Tom. “Denzel’s Martyr Complex: Is He Too Good for His Own Good?”Esquire , February 1, 2000, 63.
87. Case, Sue-Ellen, Philip Brett, and Susan Leigh Foster, eds.Cruising the Performative: Interventions into the Representation of Ethnicity, Nationality, and Sexuality . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995.
88. Caulfield, Deborah, “‘Dragon’ Rourke Breathes Fire.”Los Angeles Times , September 16, 1985.
89. Cawelti, John G.The Six-Gun Mystique . London: Leicester University Press, 1997.
90. Chan, Kenneth. “The Construction of Black Male Identity in Black Action Films of the Nineties.”Cinema Journal 37, no. 2 (1998).
91. Chapman, Rowena, and Jonathan Rutherford, eds.Male Order: Unwrapping Masculinity . London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1996.
92. Chen, Adrian. “Newly Declassified Memo Shows CIA Shaped Zero Dark Thirty Narrative.”Gawker , May 6, 2013.
93. Chen, Kuan-Hsing. “Post-Marxism: Critical Postmodernism and Cultural Studies.” InCulture and Power: A Media, Culture & Society Reader , edited by Paddy Scannell, Philip Schlesinger, and Colin Sparks. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992.
94. Chennault, Ronald E. “Giving Whiteness a Black Eye: An Interview with Michael Eric Dyson.” InWhite Reign: Deploying Whiteness in America , edited by Joe L. Kincheloe, Shirley R. Steinberg, Nelson M. Rodriguez, and Ronald E. Chennault, 299–328. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1998.
95. Chicago P.D . Produced by Dick Wolf, Matt Olmstead, Danielle Gelber, Michael Brandt, Derek Hass, Mark Tinker, Arthur W. Forney, Peter Jankowski, Rick Eid, and Terry Miller. Wolf Films and Universal Television. National Broadcasting Corporation, New York, 2014–present.
96. Christensen, Terry.Reel Politics: American Political Movies from Birth of a Nation to Platoon . New York: Basil Blackwell, 1987.
97. Clarens, Carlos.Crime Movies . London: W.W. Norton, 1980.
98. Clark, Cedric C. “Television and Social Controls: Some Observations on the Portrayals of Ethnic Minorities.”Television Quarterly , Spring 1969.
99. Clark, Kenneth B.Dark Ghetto, Dilemmas of Social Power . Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press, 1989.
100. Coffy . DVD. Directed by Jack Hill. MGM Home Entertainment, 2001.
101. Cohan, Steven.Masked Man: Masculinity and the Movies in the Fifties . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997.
102. Cohan, Steven, and Ina Rae Hark, eds.Screening the Male: Exploring Masculinities in Hollywood Cinema . New York: Routledge, 1993.
103. Cole, Matthew. “Bin Laden Expert Accused of Shaping CIA Deception on Torture Program.”NBC News , December 18, 2014.
104. Collins, Patricia Hill.Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment . Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
105. Colombe, Audrey. “White Hollywood’s New Black Bogeyman.”Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media 45 (Fall 2002).
106. Coltrane, Scott. “Theorizing Masculinities in Contemporary Social Sciences.” InTheorizing Masculinities , edited by Harry Brod and Michael Kaufman, 39–60. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1994.
107. Commager, Henry Steele.The Empire of Reason: How Europe Imagined and America Realized the Enlightenment . New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
108. Conlon, Edward.Blue Blood . New York: Riverhead Books, 2004.
109. Connell, R. W. “The History of Masculinity.” InThe Masculinity Studies Reader , edited by Rachel Adams and David Savran, 185–203. New York: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
110. Coogan’s Bluff . Directed by Don Siegel. Universal Pictures, 1968.
111. Cook, Pam. “No Fixed Address: The Women’s Picture fromOutrage toBlue Steel .” InContemporary Hollywood Cinema , edited by Steve Neale and Murray Smith. New York: Routledge, 1998.
112. Corkin, Stanley. “Cowboys and Free Markets: Post-World War II Westerns and U.S. Hegemony.”Cinema Journal 39, no. 3 (Spring 2000): 66–91.
113. ———.Cowboys as Cold Warriors: The Western and U.S. History . Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2004.
114. The Corruptor . Directed by James Foley. New Line Cinema, 1999.
115. Courrier, Kevin, and Susan Green.Law & Order: The Unofficial Companion . Los Angeles: Renaissance Books, 1998.
116. Covert Affairs; The Complete Series . 2010–2014. Produced by Matt Corman and Chris Ord. Universal City, CA: Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 2014. DVD.
117. Cowie, Elizabeth. “Storytelling: Classical Hollywood Cinema and Classical Narrative.” InContemporary Hollywood Cinema , edited by Steve Neale and Murray Smith. New York: Routledge, 1998.
118. Cox, Oliver C. “Race Relations.” InTheories of Race and Racism: A Reader , edited by Les Back and John Solomos, 71–8. New York: Routledge, 2000.
119. Coyne, Michael.The Crowded Prairie: American National Identity in the Hollywood Western . New York: I.B. Tauris Publishers, 1998.
120. Coyote Waits . DVD. Directed by John Egleson. PBS Home Video, 2003.
121. Crash . Directed by Paul Haggis. Bob Yari Productions, 2005.
122. Crèvecoeur, J. Hector St. John de. InLetters from an American Farmer . http://​xroads.​virginia.​edu/​~hyper/​CREV/​home.​html . February 15, 2006.
123. Cripps, Thomas.Black Film as Genre . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1978.
124. Crofts, Stephen. “Concepts of National Cinema.” InWorld Cinema: Critical Approaches , edited by John Hill and Pamela Church Gibson. London: Oxford University Press, 2000.
125. Cuklantz, Lisa M., and Sujata Moorti. “Television’s ‘New’ Feminism: Prime-Time Representations of Women and Victimization.”Critical Studied in Media Communication 23, no. 4 (2006).
126. Cullen, Jim.The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea That Shaped a Nation . New York: Oxford, 2003.
127. D’Acci, Julie.Defining Women: Television and the Case of Cagney and Lacey . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
128. Dark Blue . DVD. Directed by Ron Shelton. MGM Home Entertainment, 2003.
129. Davies, Jude, and Carol R. Smith.Gender, Ethnicity and Sexuality in Contemporary American Film . Edinburgh: Keele University Press, 1997.
130. Davies, Steven Paul.Out at the Movies: A History of Gay Cinema . Harpenden, UK: Oldcastle Books, 2008.
131. Davis, F. James.Who Is Black? One Nation’s Definition . University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.
132. de Valck, Marijke, and Jan Teurlings, eds.After the Break: Television Theory Today . Amsterdam University Press, 2013.
133. The Dead Pool . Directed by Buddy Van Horn. Warner Bros., 1988
134. Deep Cover . DVD. Directed by Bill Duke. New Line Home Video, 1999.
135. Déjà Vu. DVD. Directed by Tony Scott. Touchstone Pictures, 2006.
136. Delaney, W. Marvin.Black Police in America . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.
137. Delk, James D.Fires & Furies: The Los Angeles Riots of 1992 . Palm Springs, CA: ETC Publications, 1995.
138. Denzin, Norman K.Reading Race: Hollywood and the Cinema of Racial Violence . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2002.
139. Die Hard . DVD. Directed by John McTiernan. 20th Century Fox, 2004.
140. Die Hard with a Vengeance . DVD. Directed by John McTiernan. 20th Century Fox, 2005.
141. Die Hard 2: Die Harder . DVD. Directed Renny Harlin. 20th Century Fox, 2007.
142. DiFonso, Nicholas.The Watercooler Effect: An Indispensable Guide to Understanding and Harnessing the Power of Rumors . New York: Avery, 2008.
143. Dillon, Mike. “Bauer Power: 24 and the Making of an American.”Reconstruction 11, no. 4 (2011).
144. Dines, Gail, and Jean M. Humez, eds.Gender, Race and Class in Media: A Text-Reader , 1995.
145. Dirty Harry . DVD. Directed by Don Siegel. Warner Home Video, 1997.
146. Dodge, Mary, and Mark Pogrebin. “African–American Policewomen: An Exploration of Professional Relationships.”Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 24, no. 4 (2001).
147. Dole, Carol M. “The Gun and the Badge: Hollywood and the Female Lawman.” InReel Knockouts: Violent Women in the Movies , edited by Martha McCaughey and Neal King, 78–105. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001.
148. Domanick, Joe. “Rethinking the LAPD.”Los Angeles Weekly , September 6–12, 2002.
149. Duany, Jorge. “Neither White nor Black: The Representation of Racial Identity Among Puerto Ricans on the Island and in the U.S. Mainland.” InNeither Enemies nor Friends: Latinos, Blacks, Afro-Latins , edited by Anani Dzidzienyo and Suzanne Oboler. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
150. du Gay, Paul, Jessica Evans, and Peter Redman, eds.Identity: A Reader . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2000.
151. Du Boff, Richard. “The U.S.: Rogue Nation.” Centre for Research on Globalisation (CRG), 2003.
152. Du Bois, W. E. B.The Souls of Black Folk . New York: Bantam, 1989.
153. Dulaney, W. Marvin.Black Police in America . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.
154. Dyer, Richard. “The Color of Virtue: Lillian Gish, Whiteness, and Femininity.” InWomen and Film: A Sight and Sound Reader , edited by Pam Cook and Philip Dodd, 1–9. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1993.
155. ———.White . New York: Routledge, 2002.
156. Easthope, Anthony.What a Man’s Gotta Do: The Masculine Myth in Popular Culture . Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990.
157. Edwards, Rebecca.Angels in the Machinery: Gender in American Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era . New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
158. Eland, Ivan. “Globocop Runs Amok: Bipartisan Foolishness in U.S. Foreign Policy.”The Chronicle of Higher Education , September 9, 2005.
159. Elasmar, Michael G.The Impact of International Television: A Paradigm Shift . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2003.
160. Eley, Geoff, and Ronald Grigor Suny. “Introduction: From the Moment of Social History to the Work of Cultural Representation.” InBecoming National: A Reader , edited by Geoff Eley and Ronald Grigor Suny. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
161. End of Watch . DVD. Directed by David Ayer. Universal Pictures Home Entertainment, 2013.
162. The Enforcer . DVD. Directed by James Fargo. Warner Home Video, 2001.
163. Englehardt, Tom. “Racism in the Media.”Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 3, no. 1 (1971).
164. Erie, Steven P.Rainbow’s End: Irish-Americans and the Dilemmas of Urban Machine Politics, 1840–1985 . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
165. Faludi, Susan.Backlash: The Undeclared War against American Women . New York: Crown Publishers, 1991.
166. Fanon, Frantz.Black Skin, White Masks . Translated by Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove Press, 1967.
167. FBI . Produced by Dick Wolf, Arthur W. Forney, Peter Jankowski, and Craig Turk. Wolf Films, CBS Studios. Columbia Broadcasting System, New York, 2018
168. Feeney, Nolan. “Homeland: The Case Against Calling Carrie a Bipolar ‘Superhero.’”The Atlantic , October 7, 2013.
169. Fein, Seth. “Transcultural Anticommunism: Cold War Hollywood in Postwar Mexico.” InVisible Nations: Latin American Cinema and Video , edited by Chon A. Noriega. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000.
170. Fine, Michelle, Lois Weis, Linda C. Powell, and L. Mun Wong, eds.Off White: Readings on Race, Power and Society . New York: Routledge, 1997.
171. Fitzgerald, Thomas K. “Media, Ethnicity and Identity.” InCulture and Power: A Media, Culture & Society Reader , edited by Paddy Scannell, Philip Schlesinger, and Colin Sparks. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992.
172. Flashpoint . Directed by William Tannen. HBO Pictures, 1984.
173. Fojas, Camilla. “Bordersploitation: Hollywood Border Crossers and Buddy Cops.”symplokē 15, no. 1, Cinema without Borders (2007).
174. Foreman, James.Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.
175. Forgacs, David.The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings, 1916–1935 . New York: New York University Press, 2000.
176. Fort Apache the Bronx . Directed by Daniel Petrie. Producers Circle, 1981.
177. Foster, Gwendolyn Audrey.Performing Whiteness: Postmodern Re-Constructions in the Cinema . Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003.
178. Foucault, Michel.The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction . Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1990.
179. Fraser, Matthew.Weapons of Mass Distraction: Soft Power and American Empire . New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2014.
180. Fregoso, Rosa Linda. “Recycling, Colonialist Fantasies on the Texas Borderlands.” InHome, Exile, Homeland: Film, Media, and the Politics of Place , edited by Hamid Naficy. New York: Routledge, 1999.
181. French Connection . Directed by William Friedkin. Philip D’Antoni Productions, 1971.
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190. Gang in Blue . Directed by Mario Van Peebles and Melvin Van Peebles. Robert Lawrence Productions, 1996.
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209. ———. “Jack Ryan: Reaganite Hero.”The Atlantic , August 31, 2018.
210. The Glass Shield . DVD. Directed by Charles Burnett. 1995. Miramax Collector’s Series, 2005.
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443. Rotundo, E. Anthony.American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution to the Modern Era . New York: Basic Books, 1993.
444. Roy, Arundhati. “The New American Century.”The Nation , January 25, 2004.
445. Rush Hour . DVD. Directed by Brett Ratner. New Home Line Video, 1999.
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447. ———.Orientalism . New York: Vintage Books, 1994.
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452. Scarborough, Kathryn E., and Pamela A. Collins.Women in Public and Private Law Enforcement . Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002.
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456. Seabrook, Jeremy.The No-Nonsense Guide to Class, Caste & Hierarchy . New York: Verso, 2002.
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483. ———.National Identity . Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press, 1991.
484. ———.Myths and Memories of the Nation . New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
485. Smith, Paul.Clint Eastwood: A Cultural Production . Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
486. ———, ed.Boys: Masculinities in Contemporary Culture . Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.
487. Smith, Valerie, ed.Representing Blackness: Issues in Film and Video . Edited by Charles Affron, Mirella Jon Affron and Robert Lyons,Rutgers Depth of Field Series . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997.
488. Snead, James.White Screens Black Images: Hollywood from the Dark Side . New York: Routledge, 1994.
489. Snyder, Jack.Myths of Empire: Domestic Politics and International Ambition . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
490. Sobchack, Vivian. “Postmodern Modes of Ethnicity.” InUnspeakable Images: Ethnicity and the American Cinema , edited by Lester D. Friedman. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
491. Soderbergh, Stephen.Traffic: The Shooting Script . Newmarket Press, 2000.
492. Solomon-Godeau, Abigail. “Male Trouble.” InConstructing Masculinity , edited by Maurice Berger, Brian Wallis and Simon Watson. New York: Routledge, 1995.
493. Southland: The Complete Series Box Set 1–5 . 2009–2013. Produced by Ann Biderman, Christopher Chulack and John Wells. Burbank, CA: Warner Bros., 2015. DVD.
494. Spencer, Philip, and Howard Wollman.Nationalism: A Critical Introduction . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002.
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496. Spoto, Donald.Camerado: Hollywood and the American Man . New York: A Plume Book, The New American Library, 1978.
497. Sreberny, Annabelle. “Television, Gender, and Democratization in the Middle East.” InDe-Westernizing Media Studies , edited by James Curran. New York: Routledge, 2000.
498. Stam, Robert. “Bakhtin, Polyphony, and Ethnic/Racial Representation.” InUnspeakable Images: Ethnicity and the American Cinema , edited by Lester D. Friedman. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
499. Stark, Rodney.Police Riots: Collective Violence and Law Enforcement . Belmont, CA: Focus Books, 1972.
500. Stevens, J Richard,Captain America, Masculinity, and Violence: The Evolution of a National Icon . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2015.
501. Sudden Impact . DVD. Directed by Clint Eastwood. Warner Home Video, 2001.
502. Sullivan, Nikki.A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory . New York: New York University Press, 2003.
503. Swartz, David.Culture & Power: The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
504. Sweeney, Gael. “The King of White Trash Culture: Elvis Presley and the Aesthetics of Excess.” InWhite Trash: Race and Class in America , edited by Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz. New York: Routledge, 1997.
505. Tasker, Yvonne.Spectacular Bodies: Gender, Genre and the Action Cinema . New York: Routledge, 1996.
506. ———.Working Girls: Gender and Sexuality in Popular Cinema . London: Routledge, 1998.
507. Taubin, Amy. “An Upright Man.”Sight and Sound , September 1993.
508. Tchen, John Kuo Wei.Yellow Peril: An Archive of Anti-Asian Fear . New York: Verso, 2014.
509. Tetzlaff, David. “Popular Culture and Social Control in Late Capitalism.” InCulture and Power: A Media, Culture & Society Reader , edited by Paddy Scannell, Philip Schlesinger and Colin Sparks. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1992.
510. Third Watch: Seasons 1–6 . 1999–2005. Produced by Edward Allen Bernero and John Wells. BactoTv.​com . DVD.
511. Tololyan, Khachig. “The Nation-State and Its Others: In Lieu of a Preface.” InBecoming National: A Reader , edited by Geoff Eley and Ronald Grigor Suny. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
512. Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan . Produced by Carlton Cuse and Graham Roland. Amazon Studios. Amazon Prime. 2018.
513. Tomlinson, John.Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
514. Tompkins, Jane.West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns . New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
515. Touch of Evil . DVD. Directed by Orson Welles. MCA Home Video, 2000.
516. Touré and Michael Eric Dyson. “Who’s Afraid of Post-Blackness? What It Means to be Black Now .” New York: Atria Books, 2011.
517. Traffic . DVD. Directed by Steven Soderbergh. Polygram USA Video, 2001.
518. Traffic: The Miniseries . DVD. Directed by Eric Bross and Stephen Hopkins. MCA Home Video, 2004.
519. Traffik—Miniseries . DVD. Directed by Alastair Reid. Acorn Media, 2001.
520. Training Day . Directed by Antoine Fuqua. Warner Bros., 2001.
521. Trice, Ashton D., and Samuel A. Holland.Heroes, Antiheroes and Dolts: Portrayals of Masculinity in American Popular Films, 1921–1999 . Jefferson, NC: McFarland Publishers, 2001.
522. Trumpbour, John.Selling Hollywood to the World: U.S. And European Struggles for Mastery of the Global Film Industry, 1920–1950 . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002.
523. Turner, Frederick Jackson. “The Significance of the Frontier in American History,” edited by Harold P. Simonson. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing, 1973.
524. Turner, Graeme, and Jinna Tay, eds.Television Studies After TV: Understanding Television in the Post-Broadcast Era . New York: Routledge, 2009.
525. Tyler, Tom R. “Viewing CSI and the Threshold of Guilt: Managing Truth and Justice in Reality and Fiction.”The Yale Law Journal 115, no. 5 (2006).
526. The Unforgiven . Directed by Clint Eastwood. Warner Bros., 1992.
527. The Untouchables . Directed by Brian De Palma. Paramount Pictures, 1987.
528. Vance, Carol. “Social Construction Theory and Sexuality.” InConstructing Masculinity , edited by Maurice Berger, Brian Wallis and Simon Watson. New York: Routledge, 1995.
529. Vanneman, Reeve, and Lynn Weber Cannon.The American Perception of Class . Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1987.
530. Veran, Cristina. “Born Puerto Rican, BornTaino ?”Colorline Magazine: Race, Action, Culture , Fall 2003.
531. Vila, Pablo.Crossing Borders, Reinforcing Borders: Social Categories, Metaphors, and Narrative Identities on the U.S.–Mexico Frontier (Inter-America). Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013.
532. Virtuosity . Directed by Brett Leonard. Paramount Pictures, 1995.
533. Walker, Samuel. “Racial Minority and Female Employment in Policing: The Implications of Glacial Change.”Crime & Delinquency 31, no. 4 (1985).
534. Wallace, Michele. “Masculinity in Black Popular Culture: Could It Be That Political Correctness Is the Problem?” InConstructing Masculinity , edited by Maurice Berger, Robin Wood, and Simon Watson. New York: Routledge, 1995.
535. Wallis, Michael.Pretty Boy . New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992.
536. Walsh, Michael. “Jameson and “Global Aesthetics”.” InPost-Theory: Reconstructing Film Studies , edited by David Bordwell and Noel Carroll. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.
537. Warhol, Robyn R., and Diane Price Herndle, eds.Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1992.
538. Warren, John T. “Whiteness and Cultural Theory: Perspectives on Research and Education.”The Urban Review 31, no. 2, 1999: 185–203.
539. Watkins, Craig.Representing: Hip Hop Culture and the Production of Black Cinema . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
540. Watkins, S. Craig. “Ghetto Reelness: Hollywood Film Production, Black Popular Culture and the Ghetto Action Film Cycle.” InGenre and Contemporary Hollywood , edited by Steve Neale. London: British Film Institute, 2002.
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547. The Wild Bunch . Directed by Sam Peckinpah. Warner Bros., 1969.
548. Wilkinson, Rupert.American Tough: The Tough-Guy Tradition and American Character . Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1984.
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550. Williamson, Joel.New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.
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554. Wittke, Carl.The Irish in America . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1956.
555. Wood, Robin.Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan . New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.
556. Woodard, Colin.American Character . New York: Penguin, 2016.
557. Worchel, Stephen.Written in Blood: Ethnic Identity and the Struggle for Human Harmony . New York: Worth, 1999.
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559. Wright, Will.Sixguns & Society: A Structural Study of the Western . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
560. Wyatt, Justin. “The Formation of the “Major Independent”: Miramax, New Line and the New Hollywood.” InContemporary Hollywood Cinema , edited by Steve Neale and Murray Smith. New York: Routledge, 1998.
561. XXX . DVD. Directed by Rob Cohen. MGM Home Entertainment, 2003.
562. Yaquinto, Marilyn.Pump ’Em Full of Lead: A Look at Gangsters on Film . New York: Twayne Publishers, 1998.
563. ———. “Tough Love: Mamas, Molls, and Mob Wives.” InAction Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture , edited by Sherrie A. Inness, 207–29. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
564. ———. “Denzel Washington: A Study in Black and Blue.”Black Camera 22, no. 2 (2008).
565. Year of the Dragon . Directed by Michael Cimino. Dino De Laurentiis Company, 1985.
566. Yearwood, Gladstone L.Black Film as a Signifying Practice: Cinema, Narration and the African–American Aesthetic Tradition . Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2000.
567. Young, James O., and Conrad G. Brunk, eds.The Ethics of Cultural Appropriation . Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Kindle.
568. Yuval-Davis, Nira.Gender & Nation . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.
569. Zero Dark Thirty . Director Kathryn Bigelow. Columbia Pictures Corporation, 2012.
570. Zweig, Michael.What’s Class Got to Do with It?: American Society in the Twenty-First Century . Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, 2004.

Index ¹

Numbers and Symbols

24 ,

24: Legacy

48 Hours

1924 Johnson-Reed Act

#OscarsSoWhite

A

Academy Award

Aceveda, David

Action cinema

Action films

Action hero

Activism

Adams, Lydia

Affirmative action

Affleck, Ben

African American actors

African American community

African American crimefighter

African American filmmaker

Ahmad, Abu

Akino, Ashe

Al Qaeda

Al Qaeda operatives

Alexander, Sasha

Alias

Aliens

Allende, Salvador

Alsultany, Evelyn

Altman, Robert

Amazon

American Adam

American-born Latinos

American culture

American dream

American everyman

American exceptionalism

American frontier

American hegemony

American masculinity

American myths

American popular culture

American race

Anderson, Benedict

Anderson, Pepper

Angel Eyes

Angel Street

Anti-Semitic

Anzaldúa, Gloria

Apana, Chang

Appleton, Scotty

Al-Arian, Laila

Arnaud, Sandrine

Asian American characters

Asner, Ed

Assimilation

Auster, Albert

Avedon, Barbara

Avilla, Raymond

Ayer, David

Ayres, Julia

B

Bad Boys

Baker, Gail

Bakula, Scott

Baldwin, Alec

Baltimore, Charly

Baretta

Barnes, Julie

Barnes, Parker

Barney Miller

Barthelemy, Henry

Bastin, Henrik

Bates, Lucy

Baudrillard, Jean

Bauer, Jack

Beach, Adam

Beals, Jennifer

Beck, Joshua

Becket, Kate

Bedelia, Bonnie

Beghe, Jason

Belker, Mick

Bell, Coby

Bell, Maggie

Belzer, Richard

Bening, Annette

Benson, Olivia

Berenger, Tom

Berenson, Saul

Berkeley, Xander

Betrayed

Beverly Hills Cop

Biderman, Ann

Bigelow, Kathryn

Bikowsky, Alfreda Frances

Bin Laden, Osama

Bin Suleiman, Mousa

Bingham, Dennis

Bioterrorism

Bipolar disorder

Biracial

Bisexuality

Black characters

Black community

Black criminality

Black detective

Blackface

Black female cop

Black female crimefighters

Black heroes

Black male sexuality

Black militant

Blackness

Black Rain

Black representation

Black site

Black Widow

Blade Runner

Blake, Robert

Blaxploitation

Blood In, Blood Out, seeBound by Honor

Blue Bloods

Blue Steel

Blunt, Emily

Boal, Mark

Boatman, Michael

Bochco, Steven

Bogle, Donald

Bollywood

Bonanni, Angel

Bonanza

Bond, James

Bone Collector, The

Bonilla, Rodrigo Lara

Bonnie and Clyde

Border films

Border Incident

Borderline

Border Patrolman, The

Bordersploitation

Border studies

Border, The

Boscarelli, Maurice

Bosch

Bosch, Harry

Boss, Carl

Bound by Honor

Bourne, Jason

Boyd, Todd

Boyle, Erin Reagan

Boyz n the Hood

Bradley, Joseph

Brancato, Chris

Braugher, Andre

Brenneman, Amy

Breslin, Scott

Bristow, Sydney

Brody, Nicholas

Brolin, Josh

Bronson, Charles

Brown, Michael

Browne, Nino

Brownface

Bryant, Sammy

Buddy

Buddy film

Bullitt

Burnett, Charles

Burns, Ed

Burr, Ty

Bush, George W.

Butler, Judith

Bythewood, Reggie Rock

C

Caan, Scott

Cage, Xander

Cagney & Lacey

Cagney, Chris

Cagney, James

Caine, Samantha

Calderoni, Guillermo

Cali Cartel

Callahan, Harry

Calleia, Joseph

Calletano, Ray

Camarena, Kiki

Campbell, Joey

Campbell, Joseph

Capone, Al

Captain America,see Rogers, Steve

Captain America: Civil War

Captain America: The First Avenger

Carlin, Doug

Carr, Allison

Carr, Jesse

Carter, Eric

Carter, Jimmy

Carter, Madison

Caruso, David

Carver, Gerald

Casey, Sean

Castañeda, Omar S.

Castillo, Martin

Castle

Castro, Don

Cavaziel, Jim

Cedillo, Julio Cesar

Chan, Charlie

Chan, Jackie

Chance, Nina

Chandler, Kyle

Chandler, Raymond

Chang, Annie

Charlie’s Angels

Chastain, Jessica

Cheadle, Don

Chee, Jim

Chen, Molly

Chen, Nick

Chertoff, Michael

Chicago Code, The

Chicago PD

Chiklis, Michael

Child, Lee

Chopra, Priyanka

Chun, Kam Fong

CIA analyst

CIA officer

CIA operative

CIA torture

Cinema history

Civilization

Civil rights

Civil rights movement

Civil War

Clancy, Tom

Clark, Cedric

Clarke, Jason

Clarke, Sarah

Clash of civilizations

Classical Hollywood

Classical westerns

Clear and Present Danger

Clooney, George

Closer, The

Cochran, Robert

Cohen, Rob

Cold Case

Cold War

Cole, Lorna

Color blind

Color line

Columbo

Colvin, Teresa

Communist

Communist affiliation

Communist country

Communist regime

Community policing

Conklin, Nick

Conlon, Edward

Connelly, Michael

Connery, Sean

Connor, Sarah

Conrad, Michael

Contingently white

Coogan’s Bluff

Cool J, LL

Cooper, Gary

Cooper, James Fenimore

Cooper, John

Copycat

Corday, Barbara

Corruptor, The

Counterculture

Counter-stereotype

Counter Terrorism Unit (CTU)

Courtney, Jai

Covert Affairs

Cowboy cop

Cowboy hero

Cox, Arlen

Coyne, Michael

Coyote Waits

Crash

Crime cinema

Crimefighter hero

Crime film

Criminal stereotype

Criminality

Crockett, Sonny

Crowley, Terry

Croze, Marie-Josée

Cruise, Tom

Cruz, Maritza

CTU,see Counter Terrorism Unit

Cuban American

Cudlitz, Michael

Curtis, Jamie Lee

D

Daly, Tyne

Danes, Claire

Daniels, Jeff

Dargis, Manohla

Dark Blue

Davis, Geena

Davis, Ty

De Matteo, Drea

DEA agent

Dead Pool, The

Deadwood

Deadwood

Death Wish

Decoy

Deep Cover

Déjà Vu

Del Toro, Benicio

Delaney, Kim

Delta Force

Department of Homeland Security

Department of Justice

Devane, William

Deviance

Deviant Other

Diamond, Reed

Dickinson, Angie

Die Hard

Die Hard: With a Vengeance

Die Hard 2: Die Harder

Diesel, Vin

Dietrich, Arthur

Dillinger, John

Dillon, Matt

Dirty Harry

Discrimination

Diversity

Division, The

Django Unchained

Donaghy, Amelia

D’Onofrio, Vincent

Douglas, Michael

Dowd, Maureen

Downey, Robert, Jr.

Doyle, Popeye

Dragnet

Dreyfus, Richard

Drone strike

Drug trafficking

Du Bois, W.E.B.

Duke, Bill

Durkheim, Émile

E

Eames, Alexandra

Eamons, Patricia

Eastwood, Clint

Ebert, Roger

Eden, Emily

Edwards, Ethan

Emerson, Ralph Waldo

Emmy

End of Watch

Enforcer, The

Enriquez, Rene

Equalizer, The

Erbe, Kathryn

Escobar, Pablo

Espada, Carlos

Espinosa, Juan Pablo

Esterhaus, Phil

Estes, Will

Ethnocentrism

Evans, Chris

Everyman

Experiential racism

F

Fake news

Falk, Peter

Fallen

Fancy, Arthur

Fargo

Farrell, Colin

Farrell, Matt

Fast and Furious, The

Fatal Attraction

Fatal Beauty

FBI

FBI Academy

FBI agent

Feinstein, Diane

Female agent

Female buddy

Female cop

Female cop character

Female cop hero

Female crimefighters

Female detective

Female masculinity

Female representation

Feminism

Feminist

Fillion, Nathan

First Blood

Fish, Phil

Fishburne, Laurence

Flashpoint

Floyd, Pretty Boy

Fluker, Hampton

Foards, Cynthia

Fojas, Camilla

Foley, Axel

Folk hero

Fontana, Santino

Ford, Harrison

Ford, John

Foreign terrorist

Forensic

Fort Apache

Fort Apache the Bronx

Foster, Jodie

Foxx, Jamie

Frankel, Fabien

Franz, Dennis

Frazier, Keith

Freeman, Morgan

French Connection, The

French Connection II, The

Fresson, Bernard

Friend, Rupert

Frontier

Frontier environment

Frontier hero

Frontier justice

Frontier line

Frontier literature

Frontier myth

Frontier mythology

Frontiersman

Frontiersmen

Frontier thesis

Fuqua, Anton

Furillo, Frank

Futterman, Dan

G

Galán, Luis Carlos

Gallardo, Miguel Ángel Félix

Gandolfini, James

Gang in Blue

Gansa, Alex

Garcia, Andy

Garcia, Venessa

Garland, Beverly

Garner, Jennifer

Geertz, Clifford

Gere, Richard

Get Christie Love

Ghetto gunfighters

Giardello, Al

Gibbons, Augustus

Gibbs, Jethro

Gibson, Mel

Giddens, Anthony

Gilbert, Sophie

Gillespie, Bill

Givens, Robin

Glaser, Paul Michael

Glass Shield ,The

Gleeson, Brendan

Gless, Sharon

Global policeman

Global policing

Globocop

Glover, Danny

G-man

“G” Men

Godfather Part III, The

Godfather, The

Godless

Goggins, Walton

Goldberg, Whoopi

Goldblum, Jeff

Goldblume, Henry

Gonzales, Chico

Good Day to Die Hard

Good Wife, The

Gordon, Howard

Gordon, Montel

Goren, Robert

Graver, Matt

Graves, Teresa

Greenberg, Karen J.

Greer, James

Greggs, Kima

Greyeyes, Michael

Grier, Pam

Griffith, Melanie

Gruber, Hans

Guerrero, Ed

Gunderson, Marge

Gunfighter

Gunfighter cop

Gunn, Anna

Gunsmoke

Guzmán, Luis

Gyllenhaal, Jake

H

Hackford, Taylor

Hackman, Gene

Haddad, Frank

Haid, Charles

Halse, Rolf

Hamer, Frank

Hamilton, Mary E.

Hammett, Dashiell

Hanadarko, Grace

Hanna, Sam

Hargitay, Mariska

Hargreaves, Amy

Harmon, Angie

Harmon, Mark

Harrelson, Woody

Harris, Alonzo

Harrison, Kevin, Jr.

Hasian, Marouf A.

Hateful Eight, The

Hatosy, Shawn

Hatufim

Hawaii Five-0

Hawke, Ethan

Hawkins, Corey

Hayes, Isaac

Haysbert, Dennis

HBO

Hegemonic masculinity

Hegemony

Heller, James

Herman, Jimmy

Heston, Charlton

Hezbollah

High Noon

Hill, Anita

Hill, Bobby

Hillerman, Anne

Hillerman, Tony

Hill Street Blues

Hinds, Aisha

Hobbes, John

Hodges, Jonas

Hofstadter, Richard

Holbrook, Boyd

Holland, Arthur

Hollywood racism

Homegrown terrorist

Homeland

Homicide: Life on the Street

Hong Kong action cinema

Hoogenakker, John

hooks, bell

Hoover, J. Edgar

Hopkins, Anthony

Hostiles

House of Cards

Howard, Kay

Howard, Terrence

Hoyt, Jake

Huang, Yunte

Hubbard, Anthony

Hull, John

Hulu

Hunt, Ethan

Hunt, Eugene

Hunt, Helen

Hunter, Holly

Hunter, Howard

Hurt, William

Hurt Locker, The

Hussein, Saddam

I

Ibrahim, Aayan

ICE,see Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Ice T

Ideological tool

Ideology

Immigrant cop

Immigrant Irish

Immigrants

Immigration Act

Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)

Impulse

In the Heat of the Night

Independent cinema

Indian

Indian wars

Individualism

Ingram, Laura

Ingram, Rebecca

Inside Man

Institutional racism

Internal Affairs

Internal Affairs investigator

Interracial

Iraq War

Irish Catholic

Ironman,see Stark, Tony

Irons, Jeremy

Islamaphobia

Isles, Maura

Itzen, Gregory

J

Jack Reacher

Jack Reacher: Never Go Back

Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit

Jackson, Samuel L.

James, Caryn

James, Janae

James, Jesse

James, Stephan

Jandal, Abu

Jaramillo, Antonio

Jason, David

Jefferson, Thomas

Jeffery, Sarah

Jeffords, Susan

Jennifer Eight

Jewett, Robert

Jewish cops

Jewison, Norman

Jim Crow

Johnson, Brenda Leigh

Johnson, Don

Johnson, Johnny

Jolie, Angelina

Jones, Alex

Jones, Casey

Jones, Cherry

Justified

K

Kalakaua, Kono

Kaminsky, Stuart M.

Kassel, Whitney

Kassem, Ramzi

Katic, Stana

Kauhi, Gilbert Lani

Keane, Elizabeth

Keener, Catherine

Keitel, Harvey

Kelly, Chin Ho

Kelly, Grace

Kelly, John

Kennedy, John F.

Kennedy, Robert

Keough, Bobby

Kerkovich, Ron

Khoury, Hannah

Kill Bill

Kim, Daniel Dae

Kim, Evan

Kimmel, Michael

King, Martin Luther, Jr.

King, Regina

King, Rodney

Kojak

Kole, Warren

Koran, the

Koteas, Elias

Kotto, Yaphet

Kraft, Elise

Krasinski, John

Kristofferson, Kris

Krutnik, Frank

Kurupt

L

Lacey, Beth

L.A. Confidential

Lanchester, John

Landesberg, Steve

Lane, Diane

Lange, Eric

LAPD

LAPD cop

LAPD detective

LAPD officers

LAPD Rampart scandal

Laresca, Vincent

Lathan, Sanaa

Latina

Latina cop

Latina detective

Latin America

Latin American

Latina stereotype

Latino character

Latino cop

Latino role

Latin stereotype

Law & Order

Law & Order: Criminal Intent

Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (SVU)

Lawrence, John Shelton

Lawrence, Martin

Leaphorn, Joe

Lector, Hannibal

Lee, Bruce

Lee, Spike

Lehman, Peter

Leinbach, Jacob

Leitch, Thomas

Lenin, Vladimir

Leo, Melissa

Leone, Sergio

Lethal Weapon

Lethal Weapon 2

Lethal Weapon 3

Lethal Weapon 4

Letts, Tracy

Levinson, Barry

Lewis, Damian

Licalsi, Janice

Limbaugh, Rush

Limerick, Patricia

Linden, Hal

Liotta, Ray

Lipton, Peggy

Lithgow, Jack

Lithgow, John

Live Free or Die Hard

Locke, Sondra

Lockhart, Andrew

Locklear, Heather

Logan, Bobby

Logan, Charles

Loman, Michael

Lone wolf

Lonesome Dove

Long, Justin

Long, Nia

Long Kiss Goodnight, The

Looming Tower, The

Lopez, Jennifer

Lord, Jack

Lotz, Amanda D.

Luhr, William

Lui, Lucy

Luna, Diego

Lund, Sebastian

Lynch, Kelly

M

MacArthur, James

Macer, Kate

Mackay, Vic

Magnificent Seven, The

Magnum Force

Mainstream

Mainstream America

Mainstream appeal

Mainstream audience

Mainstream cinema

Male crimefighter

Malone, Jimmy

Manifest Destiny

Manuelito, Bernie

Marsh, Diane

Martial law

Martin, Trayvon

Martinez, Benito

Marvel, Elizabeth

Masculine norm

Masculine Other

Masculinity

Mason, George

Massad, Joseph

Al Massri, Yasmine

Maternal

Mathison, Carrie

Mathison, Maggie

Matsuda, Yasuka

Maya

Mayer, Blaine

McCafferty, Kate

McCain, John

McCarthyism

McClane, Jack

McClane, John

McCree, J. Mallory

McDaniel, James

McDormand, Frances

McGarrett, Steve

McKay, Mike

McKenzie, Ben

McMurtry, Larry

McNairy, Scott

McNulty, James

McQueen, Steve

Medellín

Medellín cartel

Mendes, Eva

Menzies, Pete

Mercer, Kobena

Metcalf, Laurie

Methodology

Mexican

Mexican American

Mexican Revolution

Mexico

Miami Vice

Micheaux, Oscar

Middle Eastern agent

Middle Eastern character

Middle Eastern crimefighter

Middle Eastern terrorist

Mihok, Dash

Miller, Laura

Minorities

Minority communities

Minority cop

Miranda

Mission Impossible

Mission Impossible: Fallout

Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol

Mission Impossible: Rogue Nation

Model minority

Mod Squad, The

Moessinger, David

Monahan, M. J.

Money Train

Monroe, Sasha

Monroe Doctrine of 1823

Montgomery, Poppy

Moore, Kate

Montgomery, Poppy

Morris, Kathryn

Motherhood

Motion Picture Production Code

Moyer, Stephen

Moynahan, Bridget

Multicultural

Multiculturalism

Multiracial

Munch, John

Munday, Alex

Murder at 1600

Murtaugh, Roger

Muslim

Muslim American

Muslim-American hero

Muslim crimefighter

Muslim extremist

Muslim terrorist

Myers, Nina

Mythic frontier

Mythic West

Mythology

N

Narco terrorism

Narcos

Narcos: Mexico

Native American

Nava, James

Navajo

Navajo cop

Navajo culture

Navajo police

Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS)

Navy SEAL

Nazario, Tess

Nazir, Abu

NCIS,see Naval Criminal Investigative Service

NCIS: Los Angeles

NCIS: New Orleans

Neale, Steve

Negahban, Navid

Neoconservatism

Neo-western

Ness, Elliot

Netflix

New Adam

New Eden

New Frontier

New Jack City

Newman, Paul

New World

Nicholson, Jack

Night Falls on Manhattan

Nitti, Frank

Nixon, Richard

Nixon administration

Noble savage

Noir detective

Nolte, Nick

Nuñez, Maria

Nurse Jackie

NYPD

NYPD Blue

NYPD cop

NYPD detective

O

Obama, Barack

O’Brian, Chloe

O’Connor, Carroll

O’Donnell, Chris

O’Keefe, Brett

Okeniyi, Dayo

Oland, Warner

Olmos, Edward James

O’Loughlin, Alex

One-drop rule

O’Neill, John

Open Cell

Oppression

Orchard, Darryl

O’Reilly, Bill

Organized crime

Oriental

Orientalism

Orientalist

Oscar

Othering

Other, the

Otto, Miranda

Outlaw

Out of Sight

Out of Time

P

Palmer, David

Park, Gordon

Park, Grace

Parks, Gordon, Jr.

Parrish, Alex

Pascal, Pedro

Paterson, Bill

Patinkin, Mandy

Patriarchy

Patriot Games

Peabody Award

Pearce, Roy Harvey

Peck, Dennis

Peckinpah, Sam

Pelican Brief, The

Pemberton, Frank

Peña, Javier

Peña, Michael

Perabo, Piper

Peregrym, Missy

Perry, Eldon

Perry, Felton

Pesi, Gino Anthony

Pete, Janet

Phallic symbol

Philadelphia

Pierce, Wendell

Pinto, Ashie

Pogue, Sharon

Point Break

Poitier, Sidney

Police department

Police procedural

Police Woman

Pollard, Tom

Popwell, Albert

Postracial

Post-slavery racism

Pounder, CCH

Powell, Al

Pozo, Santiago

Prescowitz, Clyde

Price, Molly

Pride, Dwayne

Prince-Bythewood, Gina

Prohibition

Pryor, Richard

Public Enemy

Puerto Rican

Purvis, Melvin

Q

Quan, Al

Quantico

Quart, Leonard

Quick and the Dead, The

Quinlan, Hank

Quinn, John

Quinn, Peter

R

Race films

Race prejudice

Racial coding

Racial difference

Racial justice

Racial oppression

Racial order

Racial segregation

Racism

Racist system

Racist terms

Rafter, Nicole

Rahim, Tahir

Raines, Audrey

Rajskub, Mary Lynn

Rambo

Rampart scandal

Raver, Kim

Rawhide

Ray, Robert B.

Ray Donovan

Reacher, Jack

Reagan, Danny

Reagan, Frank

Reagan, Jamie

Reagan, Ronald

Reagan Doctrine

Realism

Redeemable rogue

Redemption

Redemptive act

Redford, Robert

Reese, Edgar

Regenerative violence

Regis, Harlan

Reid, Mark A.

Reluctant hero

Renegade

Renko, Andy

Renner, Jeremy

Restorative justice

Reverse racism

Reyes, Isabel

Rhames, Ving

Rice, Alex

Richardson, Tony

Rickman, Alan

Ricochet

Rifleman ,The

Riggs, Martin

Rizzoli, Jane

Rizzoli, Rita

Rizzoli & Isles

Robin Hood

Robinson, Bill

Rodriguez, Clara E.

Rodriguez, Elijah

Rodriguez, Javier

Roediger, David

Rogers, Roy

Rogers, Steve

Rogue crimefighter

Rogue Justice: The Making of the Security State

Rogue Nation: American Unilateralism and the Failure of Good Intentions

Rogue One: A Star Wars Story

Rollins, Howard

Rookie ,The

Roosevelt, Franklin

Roosevelt, Teddy

Roosevelt, Theodore

Rosenzweig, Barney

Ross, Thaddeus

Rough rider

Roundtree, Richard

Rugged individualism

Rumsfeld, Donald

Rush, Lilly

Rush Hour

Russel, Diane

Russell, Kurt

Russell, Theresa

Russo, Rene

Ryan, Jack

Ryan, Shawn

S

Said, Edward

Samuels, Charles Thomas

Santiago, Grace

Santoni, Reni

Santos, Cristina

Santos, Harlee

Saperstein, David

Sarsgaard, Peter

Savage

Savagery

Savalas, Telly

Saving Grace

Saving Private Ryan

Scheuer, Michael

Schmidt, Martin

Schmidt, Wrenn

Scotch-Irish everyman

Scotch-Irish surname

Searchers ,The

Secret service agents

Sedgwick, Kyra

Sekou

Self-made

Selleck, Tom

Senate report on torture

Sexual orientation

Shades of Blue

Shaft (1971)

Shaft (2000)

Shaft, John

Shaloub, Tony

Shapiro, Ben

Sharma, Suraj

Shelton, Ron

Sheridan, Stacy

Sherman, Ben

Shield, The

Shih, Irene

Shohat, Ella

Shots Fired

Sicario

Sicario 2: Day of the Soldado

Sidwell, Gary

Siege, The

Siegel, Don

Sikking, James B.

Silence of the Lambs

Silent majority

Silva, Leslie

Silver, Ron

Simmons, Gary

Simon, David

Simone, Bobby

Simpson, O.J.

Singleton, John

Sipowicz, Andy

Sipowicz, Theo

Sisco, Karen

Skinwalkers

Slotkin, Richard

Smith, Charles Martin

Smith, Early

Smith, Paul

Smith, Stacy L.

Smith, Will

Smits, Jimmy

Smulders, Colby

Snipes, Wesley

Social movement

Soderbergh, Stephen

Sohn, Sonja

Sollima, Stefano

Soo, Jack

Slotkin, Richard

Soufan, Ali

Southeast Asian frontier

Southland

Spade, Samantha

Spaghetti Western

Spano, Joe

Special Forces

Speedman, Scott

Spytainment

Stahl, Robert

Stam, Robert

Stanton, Dan

Stark, Tony

Starling, Clarice

Starsky, David

Starsky & Hutch

Stechner, Bill

Steiger, Rod

Stein, Jeff

Stereotype

Stereotypical roles

Stereotyping

Stevens, J. Richard

Stone, Oliver

Strange Days

A Stranger Among Us

Street justice

Studi, Wes

Styles, Nick

Sudden Impact

Suliman, Ali

Sum of All Fears

Superhero

Surnow, Joel

Sutherland, Kiefer

SVU,see Law & Order: Special Victims Unit

Swayze, Patrick

Sweet Sweetback’s Baadassss Song

Systemic racism

T

Tabloid journalism

Takakura, Ken

Taliban

Tasker, Yvonne

Taylor, Allison

Taylor, Brian

Television westerns

Terminator 2: Judgment Day

Terrorist

Terrorist act

Terrorist attack

Terrorist group

Terrorist leader

Terrorist organization

Terrorist stereotype

Terrorist unit

Terrorist war on America

Terry, Preston

Texada, Tia

Thief of Time, A

Third Watch

Third World

Thomas, Betty

Thomas, Cal

Thomas, Philip Michael

Thurman, Uma

Tibbs, Virgil

Ticking time-bomb

T.J. Hooker

Tocqueville, Alexis de

Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan

Toretto, Dominic

Touch of Evil

Toughness

Traffic

Traffic: The Miniseries

Traffik

Training Day

Traister, Rebecca

Travanti, Daniel J.

Travis, Nancy

Trump, Donald

Tubbs, Rico

Tucker, Chris

Tufo, Marcus

Turner, Frederick Jackson

Turner, Megan

Turner, Susan

U

Undercover

Undercover agent

Undercover cop

Undercover role

Underwood, Claire

Unforgiven, The

Untouchables, The

Urban cowboy

Urban frontier

Urban police

Urban savage

US border

US border with Mexico

US government

Us-versus-them approach

Us-versus-them mentality

V

Van Meter, Jack

Van Peebles, Mario

Vargas, Ramon Miguel “Mike,”

Veljohnson, Reginald

Vendrell, Shane

Vengeance

Vietnam veteran

Vietnam War

Vigilante

Vigilante film

Vigilantism

Vigoda, Abe

Vila, Pablo

Villeneuve, Denis

Vincent, Charlie

Virtuosity

Voigt, Hank

Voigt, Jon

W

Wahl, Ken

Wahlberg, Donnie

Wahlberg, Mark

Wakefield, Robert

Walker, Annie

Walker, Renee

Walker report

Wallace, Amy

Wallace, Danny

War on Drugs

War on Terror

Warren, Michael

Washington, Denzel

Waters, Graham

Watts riots

Wayne, John

Weaver, Sigourney

Wedding Planner, The

Weed, Jennifer

Weitz, Bruce

Welliver, Titus

Wells, John

Welles, Orson

Wersching, Annie

West, Dominic

Western civilization

Western cowboy

Western culture

Western frontier

Western genre

Western hero

White, Jack E.

White, Madeleine

White gaze

White hegemony

White Hollywood

White knight

White masculinity

Whiteness

White rogue

White supremacist

White supremacy

Whitewashing

Whitlock, Alex Diaz

Whitlock, Matthias Lee

Whitman, Walt

Widowmaker

Wild Bunch, The

Wilder, Gene

Wilderness

Wilderness skills

Wilds, Tristan Mack

Wild west show

Wild West show

Wiles, Jason

Wilkinson, Rupert

Williams III, Clarence

Williams, Danny

Williamson, Fred

Willis, Bruce

Winger, Debra

Wire, The

Without a Trace

Witness protection

Wolf, Dick

Women’s movement

Woodard, Colin

World War II

Wozniak, Matt

Wright, Lawrence

Wright, Will

Wyms, Claudette

Wysocki, Jarek

X

Xenophobic

XXX

XXX: State of the Union

XXX: The Return of Xander Cage

Y

Year of the Dragon

Yemana, Nick

Yokas, Faith

Young Guns

Yun-Fat, Chow

Z

Zadegan, Necar

Zaki, Zeeko

Zavala, Miguel “Mike,”

Zegart, Ann B.

Zepeda, Miguel

Zero Dark Thirty

Zeus

Zhi, Cheng

Zidan, Omar Adom “OA,”

Zubaydah, Abu

Zulu,see Kauhi, Gilbert Lani

Footnotes

1

Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.