INTRODUCTION
Almost three out of four of us: American Psychological Association, “American Psychological Association Survey Shows Money Stress Weighing on Americans’ Health Nationwide,” February 4, 2015, http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/02/money-stress.aspx; Melanie Hicken, “Money Issues Are Still Really Stressing Americans Out,” CNN Money, February 4, 2015, http://money.cnn.com/2015/02/04/pf/money-stress/.
One-third of those in relationships: American Psychological Association, Stress in America: Paying with Our Health, February 4, 2015, http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2014/stress-report.pdf.
Fifty-five percent of people: Nanci Hellmich, “Many Americans Fear Going Broke in Retirement,” USA Today, August 21, 2014, http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2014/05/25/retirement-affluent-americans-going-broke/9383019/.
Sixty-nine percent of us: Statistics Brain Research Institute, “Percent of People Who Balance Their Checkbook,” September 9, 2012, http://www.statisticbrain.com/percent-of-people-who-balance-their-checkbook/.
“Veronica’s brother Vincent”: Veronica P. Pollack and Harold A. Pollack, “Bringing Vincent Home,” Health Affairs 25, no. 1 (2006): 231–36.
A life coach copied it: Lucious Conway, “All of the Financial Advice You’re Ever Going to Need Is Written on This Index Card,” MyRecoveryCoach.biz, September 5, 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FaIJ-_32bs.
“Pollack’s right”: Ezra Klein, “This 4 × 6 Index Card Has All the Financial Advice You’ll Ever Need,” Wonkblog (blog), Washington Post, September 16, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/09/16/this-4x6-index-card-has-all-the-financial-advice-youll-ever-need/.
“Your new financial advisor”: Rob Beschizza, “Your New Financial Advisor Is Harold Pollack’s Index Card,” Boing Boing, September 17, 2013, http://boingboing.net/2013/09/17/your-new-financial-advisor-is.html.
Marketplace, Forbes, the Huffington Post: David Brancaccio, “Everything You Need to Know About Personal Finance—on One Index Card,” Marketplace, September 17, 2013, http://www.marketplace.org/topics/economy/everything-you-need-know-about-personal-finance-one-index-card; Erik Carter, “All the Financial Advice You Need on an Index Card?,” Forbes, January 1, 2015, http://www.forbes.com/sites/financialfinesse/2015/01/09/all-the-financial-advice-you-need-on-an-index-card/; “10 Amazing Pieces of Financial Advice Stuffed into 1 Cheat Sheet,” Huffington Post, September 5, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/05/financial-advice-_n_3874014.html; “An Index Card Made by Professor Harold Pollack, Which Contains Just About All of the Financial Advice You’re Ever Going to Need,” Reddit, accessed June 4, 2015, http://www.reddit.com/r/pics/comments/2jqxon/an_index_card_made_by_professor_harold_pollack/; Thorin Klosowski, “All the Financial Investment Advice You’ll Ever Need on One Index Card,” Lifehacker, September 17, 2013, http://lifehacker.com/all-the-financial-advice-youll-ever-need-on-a-4x6-inde-1334131550.
The MacArthur fellow: Sendhil Mullainathan, “Want Financial Advice? 2) @haroldpollack Gives It Free . . . in Index Card Form,” Twitter, September 4, 2013, https://twitter.com/m_sendhil/status/375421035127910400.
So did top economists: Justin Wolfers, “All the Financial Advice You Need, Summarized on @haroldpollack’s Index Card,” Twitter, September 4, 2013, https://twitter.com/justinwolfers/status/375431414462038016.
Vanguard mentioned the index card: John Woerth, “Vanguard’s Index Card,” Vanguard Blog, September 23, 2013, http://vanguardblog.com/2013/09/23/vanguards-index-card/.
Money magazine called it: “Best New Advice: Just What You Really Need,” Money, December 2, 2013, http://time.com/money/2794936/best-new-ways-to-save-money/.
“The most notable personal finance”: Lee Schafer, “Personal Finance Need Not Be Complicated,” Star Tribune, December 29, 2013, http://www.startribune.com/business/237575981.html.
RULE #1
Accounting for inflation: U.S. Census Bureau, Money Income in the United States, 1998, September 1999, https://www.census.gov/prod/99pubs/p60-206.pdf.
At the same time, income inequality: Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman, “Wealth Inequality in the United States Since 1913: Evidence from Capitalized Income Tax Data” (NBER Working Paper 20625, 2014), http://www.nber.org/papers/w20625.
According to economists Marianne Bertrand: Marianne Bertrand and Adair Morse, “Trickle-Down Consumption” (NBER Working Paper 18883, 2013), http://www.nber.org/papers/w18883.
A little more than a quarter: U.S. Census Bureau, Wealth and Asset Ownership, Table 4, http://www.census.gov/people/wealth/files/Wealth_Tables_2011.xlsx.
47 percent of us: Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System, Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2014, http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/2014-report-economic-well-being-us-households-201505.pdf.
According to Sendhil Mullainathan: Sendhil Mullainathan and Eldar Shafir, Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much (New York: Times Books, 2013).
According to a 2013 survey: Dennis Jacobe, “One in Three Americans Prepare a Detailed Household Budget: Thirty Percent Prepare a Long-Term Financial Plan with Investment Goals,” Gallup, June 3, 2013, http://www.gallup.com/poll/162872/one -three-americans-prepare-detailed-household-budget.aspx.
That’s the term trademarked: David Bach, “Take the ‘Start Over’ Latte Factor® Challenge,” accessed June 4, 2015, http://www.finishrich.com/lattefactor/.
Do you really need to rent: Jose Pagliery, “Comcast and Time Warner Cable Hike Modem Fees as Much as 33%. Time to Buy Your Own,” CNNMoney, January 5, 2015, http://money.cnn.com /2015/01/02/technology/comcast-time-warner-cable-modem/.
Make the time to better plan: Dana Gunders, “Wasted: How America Is Losing Up to 40 Percent of Its Food from Farm to Fork to Landfill” (NRDC Issue Paper 12-06-B, 2012), http://www.nrdc.org/food/files/wasted-food-ip.pdf.
According to a group of researchers: Manoj Thomas, Kalpesh Kaushik Desai, and Satheeshkumar Seenivasan, “How Credit Card Payments Increase Unhealthy Food Purchases: Visceral Regulation of Vices,” Journal of Consumer Research 38, no. 1 (2010): 126–39.
“I remember standing over”: Terri Trespicio, “What Happened When I Spent One Month Living on Cash,” TueNight, April 15, 2014, http://tuenight.com/2014/04/what-happened-when-i-spent-one-month-living-on-cash/.
A few years ago, ING Direct: Jennifer Saranow Schultz, “Multiple Savings Accounts, Multiple Goals,” Bucks (blog), New York Times, July 1, 2010, http://bucks.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/01/multiple-savings-accounts-multiple-goals/.
RULE #2
They weren’t among the third of households: Marilyn Geewax, “Chances Are Pretty Good That’s a Bill Collector Calling,” NPR, July 29, 2014, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/07/29/336322389/chances-are-pretty-good-that-s-a-bill-collector-calling.
Average credit card debt: Tim Chen, “American Household Credit Card Debt Statistics: 2015,” Nerd Wallet, http://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/credit-card-data/average-credit-card-debt-household/.
Well, the real money for credit card issuers: Sumit Agarwal, Souphala Chomsisengphet, Neale Mahoney, and Johannes Stroebel, “Regulating Consumer Financial Products: Evidence from Credit Cards,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 1 (2015): 111–16.
The average interest rate: Kelly Dilworth, “Credit Card Interest Rates Slide to 14.89 Percent,” CreditCards.com, January 7, 2015, http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/interest-rate-report-10715-down-2121.php.
On store-branded cards, it is higher: Paul Muschick, “Store Credit Cards Have Perks, but Can Be Costly,” Morning Call, August 20, 2014, http://www.mcall.com/news/local/watchdog/mc-store-credit-cards-watchdog-20140820-column.html.
According to economists Jialan Wang: Jialan Wang and Benjamin Keys, “Perverse Nudges: Minimum Payments and Debt Paydown in Consumer Credit Cards,” Society for Economic Dynamics (2014 Meeting Papers), http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/redsed014/323.htm.
A study published in 2012: Martha C. White, “The Verdict Is In: Tackle Smaller Debts First,” Time.com, August 16, 2012, http://business.time.com/2012/08/16/the-verdict-is-in-tackle-smaller-debts-first/.
According to the Wall Street Journal: AnnaMaria Andriotis, “Credit-Card Comparison Sites Come Under Fire: Once-Close Relationship Between Card Issuers and Websites Turns Frosty,” Wall Street Journal, August 22, 2014.
People’s monthly spending on these cards: Sumit Agarwal, Sujit Chakravorti, and Anna Lunn, “Why Do Banks Reward Their Customers to Use Their Credit Cards?” (WP 2010-19, 2010), http://www.chicagofed.org/digital_assets/publications/working_papers/2010/wp2010_19.pdf.
There were about 900,000: Charles M. Oellermann and Mark G. Douglas, “The Year in Bankruptcy 2013,” Lexology, January 22, 2014, http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=f3e7690b-6026-4a5c-8579-08253ba88d5f. See also Robin Goldwyn Blumenthal, “An Era of Solvency: Bankruptcy Bust?,” Barron’s, March 21, 2015, http://online.barrons.com/articles/SB52018153252431963983004580522160895440490.
The Federal Reserve estimates: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, “Consumer Credit—G.19,” statistical release, March 2015, http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g19/current/.
A recent study published: Beth Akers and Matthew M. Chingos, “Are College Students Borrowing Blindly?” Brookings, December 10, 2014, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2014/12/10-borrowing-blindly-akers-chingos.
According to a report issued: Deanne Loonin and Jillian McLaughlin, Searching for Relief: Desperate Borrowers and the Growing Student Loan “Debt Relief” Industry (National Consumer Law Center, 2013), https://www.nclc.org/issues/searching-for-relief.html.
RULE #3
As for Social Security: Monique Morrissey, “The Top 10 Myths About Social Security,” Working Economics Blog, Economic Policy Institute, August 13, 2014, http://www.epi.org/blog/top-10-myths-social-security/.
On average, Americans who reach: Centers for Disease Control, “Table 22. Life Expectancy at Birth, at Age 65, and at Age 75, by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: United States, Selected Years, 1900–2010” (2011), http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2011/022.pdf.
More than a quarter of sixty-five-year-olds: Elizabeth Arias, “United States Life Tables, 2010,” National Vital Statistics Reports 63, no. 7 (2011), http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr63/nvsr63_07.pdf.
In fact, a majority of retirees: Glenn Ruffenach, “Think You’ll Work in Retirement? Think Again,” Market Watch, June 2, 2015, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/think-youll-work-in-retirement-think-again-2015-06-02.
A researcher for the Pension Policy Center: Mark Miller, “Thinking of a Retirement Account Rollover? Think Twice,” Reuters, December 23, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/23/us-column-miller-retirement-idUSKBN0K110020141223?feedType=RSS&feedName=everything&virtualBrandChannel=11563.
called a Coverdell Education Savings Account: Internal Revenue Service, Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA), Publication 970, chap. 7 (2014), www.irs.gov/publications/p970/ch07.html.
called a 529 plan: Internal Revenue Service, “529 Plans: Questions and Answers,” accessed June 4, 2015, http://www.irs.gov/uac/529-Plans:-Questions-and-Answers.
Must generally be used before age thirty: Finaid, “Coverdell Education Savings Accounts” (n.d.), http://www.finaid.org/savings/coverdell.phtml.
“Some state plans impose age restrictions: “529 Plans vs. Coverdell Education Savings Accounts,” 360 Degrees of Financial Literacy, accessed June 4, 2015, http://www.360financialliteracy.org/Topics/Paying-for-Education/College-Savings-Options/529-Plans-vs.-Coverdell-Education-Savings-Accounts.
Many states provide: Finaid, “State Tax Deductions for 529 Contributions” (2015), http://www.finaid.org/savings/state529deductions.phtml.
Account holder pays tax: Internal Revenue Service, Coverdell Education Savings Account (2014), http://www.irs.gov/publications/p970/ch07.html—en_US_2014_publink1000178471.
RULE #4
Kodak was so iconic: Greg McFarlane, “The Fall from Glory: Delisting Brands,” Investopedia, February 6, 2012, http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0212/the-fall-from-glory-delisting-brands.aspx.
Their papers demonstrate: Brad M. Barber and Terrance Odean, “Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors,” Journal of Finance 55, no. 2 (2000): 773–806.
“Trying to pick a winning”: Felix Salmon, personal e-mail to Harold Pollack.
If anything, their overconfidence: Daniel Kahneman, “Don’t Blink! The Hazards of Confidence,” New York Times Magazine, October 19, 2011.
One other thing we learn: Robert Carden, “Behavioral Economics Show That Women Tend to Make Better Investments Than Men,” Washington Post, October 11, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/behavioral-economics-show-that-women-tend-to-make-better-investments-than-men/2013/10/10/5347f40e-2d50-11e3-97a3-ff2758228523_story.html.
In its gentle way: Jess Beltz and Robert Jennings, “‘Wall Street Week with Louis Rukeyser’ Recommendations: Trading Activity and Performance,” Review of Financial Economics 6 (1997): 15–27.
One academic analysis: Bill Alpert, “Cramer’s Star Outshines His Stock Picks: Stock Picks Featured on Mad Money Don’t Live Up to the Host’s Hype,” Barron’s, February 9, 2009.
RULE #5
“How could a luminous protein”: Alan Fregtman, “T. Rowe Price—Glass Jellyfish Spot,” https://vimeo.com/25579208.
According to a recent survey: Larry Swedroe, “Here’s the Latest Failing Grade for Active Funds,” MoneyWatch, CBS, September 16, 2014, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/s-p-spiva-midyear-2014-active-versus-passive-scorecard-active-underperforms-again/.
A recent New York Times article: Jeff Sommer, “Who Routinely Trounces the Stock Market? Try 2 out of 2,862 Funds,” New York Times, July 19, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/20/your-money/who-routinely-trounces-the-stock-market-try-2-out-of-2862-funds.html?_r=0.
“A very low-cost S&P 500 index fund”: Mitch Tuchman, “Warren Buffett to Heirs: Put My Estate in Index Funds,” Retire Mentors, March 13, 2014, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/warren-buffett-to-heirs-put-my-estate-in-index-funds-2014-03-13.
As a result, while the average annual fee: Investment Company Institute, 2014 Investment Company Fact Book (2014), http://www.icifactbook.org/pdf/2014_factbook.pdf.
Robert Hiltonsmith, a researcher: Robert Hiltonsmith, The Retirement Savings Drain: The Hidden and Excessive Costs of 401(k)s (Demos, 2012).
It has a lovely and low: “Vanguard 500 Index Fund Investor Shares (VFINX),” Vanguard, accessed June 4, 2015, https://personal.vanguard.com/us/funds/snapshot?FundId=0040&FundIntExt=INT.
On six occasions since 1997: “List of Largest Daily Changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average,” Wikipedia, accessed June 4, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_daily_changes_in_the_Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average.
Since 1928, the S&P stock index: Aswath Damodaran, “Historical Returns: Stocks, T.Bonds & T.Bills with Premiums,” New York University, January 6, 2015.
In fact, in 2013, Goldman Sachs: Dan Strumpf, “Goldman: Global Slowdown to Take Bite out of S&P 500 Earnings,” Wall Street Journal, October 30, 2014, http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/10/30/goldman-global-slowdown-to-take-bite-out-of-sp-500-earnings/.
RULE #6
Eighty-seven percent of us: S. Kathi Brown, Fiduciary Duty and Investment Advice: Attitudes of 401(k) and 403(b) Recipients, AARP, September 2013, http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/general/2013/Fiduciary-Duty-and-Investment-Advice-Attitudes-of-401k-and-403b-Participants-Executive-Summary-AARP-rsa-gen.pdf.
Seventy-six percent of us: Alexis Leondis, “Brokers Are Fiduciaries, Survey Says,” Bloomberg Business, September 15, 2010, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-09-15/-clueless-u-s-investors-believe-brokers-have-fiduciary-duty-survey-says.
Sixty percent of us: Mark Schoeff Jr., “Most Investors Think Brokers Are Fiduciaries, Survey Says,” Investment News, September 15, 2010, http://www.investmentnews.com/article/20100915/FREE/100919956/most-investors-think-brokers-are-fiduciaries-survey-says.
The best way to describe this standard: Fi360-Advisor One, “Trustworthy Advice: Is the Fiduciary Standard the New Normal for Financial Advisors? Findings of the 2012 fi360-AdvisorOne Fiduciary Survey” (2012), http://www.fi360.com/main/pdf/fiduciarysurvey_resultsreport_2012.pdf.
At last count: Jason Zweig and Mary Pilon, “Is Your Advisor Pumping Up His Credentials? Those Fancy Initials After Your Financial Advisor’s Name Might Not Be as Impressive as They Seem,” Wall Street Journal, October 16, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703927504575540582361440848.
Something called an accredited retirement advisor: Consumer Finance Protection Bureau, Senior Designations for Financial Advisors: Reducing Consumer Confusion and Risks, April 18, 2013, http://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_CFPB_OlderAmericans_Report.pdf.
These events are ridiculously common: Lona Choi-Allum, Protecting Older Investors: 2009 Free Lunch Seminar Report, AARP, November 2009, http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/consume/freelunch.pdf.
That doesn’t count the 13 percent: Securities and Exchange Commission, Report of Examinations of Securities Firms Providing “Free Lunch” Sales Seminars, September 2007, http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/seniors/freelunchreport.pdf.
A recent survey published: Nathaniel Popper, “Wall Street Banks’ Mutual Funds Can Lag on Returns,” New York Times, April 12, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/business/dealbook/wall-street-banks-mutual-funds-can-lag-on-returns.html.
This is where Helaine likes to cite: Sendhil Mullainathan, Markus Noeth, and Antoinette Schoar, “The Market for Financial Advice: An Audit Study” (NBER Working Paper 17929, 2012), http://www.nber.org/papers/w17929.
Lest you think this is only an American problem: Stephen Foerster, Juhani T. Linnainmaa, Brian T. Melzer, and Alessandro Previtero, “Retail Financial Advice: Does One Size Fit All?” (NBER Working Paper 20712, 2014), http://www.nber.org/papers/w20712.
According to a 2011 survey: Jennifer Johnson, “What Americans Don’t Know about Financial Fees,” Fiscal Times, December 4, 2012, http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2012/12/04/What-Americans-Dont-Know-about-Financial-Fees.
Altogether, the Obama administration: “Fact Sheet: Middle Class Economics: Strengthening Retirement Security by Cracking Down on Backdoor Payments and Hidden Fees,” White House press release, February 23, 2015, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/02/23/fact-sheet-middle-class-economics-strengthening-retirement-security-crac.
As the fine print on brokerage forms indicates: Fidelity, “Guide to Brokerage and Investment Advisory Services at Fidelity Investments,” accessed June 4, 2015, http://personal.fidelity.com/accounts/services/BD-IA-Dscls.pdf.
She suggests one put together: Committee for the Fiduciary Standard, “Putting Your Interests First,” accessed June 4, 2015, http://www.fi360.com/main/pdf/fiduciaryoath_individual.pdf.
RULE #7
“Perhaps for the first time ever”: Glenn Altschuler and Stuart Blumin, The GI Bill: The New Deal for Veterans (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009); Vincent J. Cannato, “A Home of One’s Own,” National Affairs, no. 3 (Spring 2010), http://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/a-home-of-ones-own.
Even after the Great Recession’s housing bust: Rebecca Riffkin, “Americans Sold on Real Estate as Best Long-Term Investment: Lower-Income Americans Prefer Gold to Stocks, Savings Accounts, Bonds,” Gallup, April 17, 2014, http://www.gallup.com/poll/168554/americans-sold-real-estate-best-long-term-investment.aspx.
According to the February 2015 National Housing Survey: FannieMae, “February 2015 Data Release,” February 2015, http://www.fanniemae.com/resources/file/research/housingsurvey/pdf/nhs-monthly-data-030915.pdf.
The National Association of Home Builders claims: Michael Neal, “Homeownership Remains a Key Component of Household Wealth: September Special Study for Housing Economics,” National Association of Home Builders, accessed June 4, 2015, http://www.nahb.org/fileUpload_details.aspx?contentTypeID=3&contentID=215073&subContentID=533787&channelID=311—42%%20of%20net%20wealth.
According to Nobel Prize–winning economist: Robert J. Shiller, Irrational Exuberance, 3rd ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2015).
Currently, half of renters: Krishna Rao, “The Rent Is Too Damn High,” April 15, 2014, http://www.zillow.com/research/rent-affordability-2013q4-6681/; Shaila Dewan, “In Many Cities, Rent Is Rising Out of Reach of Middle Class,” New York Times, April 14, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/15/business/more-renters-find-30-affordability-ratio-unattainable.html.
According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: Sergei Kulaev, “Nearly Half of Mortgage Borrowers Don’t Shop Around When They Buy a Home,” CFPB, January 13, 2015, http://www.consumerfinance.gov/blog/nearly-half-of-mortgage-borrowers-dont-shop-around-when-they-buy-a-home/.
RULE #8
The annual Mom Salary Survey: “Salary.com’s 14th Annual Mom Salary Survey,” Salary.com, http://www.salary.com/mom-paycheck/.
Married couples need to amass: Chye-Ching Huang and Brandon Debot, “Ten Facts You Should Know About the Federal Estate Tax,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, March 23, 2015, http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=2655.
The average monthly payment is rather low: Social Security Administration, “Social Security: Monthly Statistical Snapshot, March 2015,” March 2015, http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/quickfacts/stat_snapshot/2015-03.pdf, see Table 2.
The majority of applications: United States Social Security Administration, Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program, 2011. Outcomes of Applications for Disability Benefits, Chart 11, http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/di_asr/2011/sect04.html#chart11.
How much you will save: Kimberly Lankford, “An Easy Way to Save on Homeowners Insurance,” Kiplinger’s, July 30, 2013, http://www.kiplinger.com/article/insurance/T028-C001-S001-an-easy-way-to-save-on-homeowners-insurance.html.
According to one survey: Krystal Steinmetz, “Money Talks News: Here’s How Much You’ll Save by Raising Your Car Insurance Deductible from $500 to $1,000,” Yahoo! Finance, October 6, 2014, http://finance.yahoo.com/news/much-ll-save-raising-car-001040665.html.
The cheapest 2015 Toyota Sienna: Bengt Halvorson, “2015 Toyota Sienna—Review,” The Car Connection, March 25, 2015, http://www.thecarconnection.com/overview/toyota_sienna_2015; Toyota USA Newsroom. “Toyota Announces Pricing for New 2015 Sienna Minivan,” September 2, 2014, http://toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/releases/2015+toyota+sienna+pricing.htm.
According to the management consultancy Aon Hewitt: “Aon Hewitt Analysis Shows Upward Trend in U.S. Health Care Cost Increases,” Aon Hewitt, November 13, 2014, http://ir.aon.com/about-aon/investor-relations/investor-news/news-release-details/2014/Aon-Hewitt-Analysis-Shows-Upward-Trend-in-US-Health-Care-Cost-Increases/default.aspx.
Yes, we’re looking at you, Gerber: Libby Kane, “Here’s Why Your Child Probably Doesn’t Need Life Insurance,” Business Insider, June 4, 2014, http://www.businessinsider.com/do-children-need-life-insurance-2014-6.
In the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy: David W. Chen, “FEMA to Review All Flood Damage Claims from Hurricane Sandy,” New York Times, March 12, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/nyregion/fema-to-review-hurricane-sandy-flood-claims-amid-scandal-over-altered-reports.html.
In the case of health insurance: Jones Day, The Affordable Care Act at 2½—What Employers Should Expect Now (Jones Day White Paper, August 2012), http://www.jonesday.com/files/Publication/19616e5b-8d4b-428e-b0f4-35130e029814/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/549ba7a4-042b-45a2-bf7f-3bca509c04d2/Affordable Care Act.pdf.
RULE #9
When Mettler ran surveys: Suzanne Mettler, The Submerged State (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011).