Adams Express Company, 62
Adams, Jr., Charles Francis, Massachusetts dependence on cotton and, 1
Alabama, commerce raiders and, 29
Alcorn, James, 66
Alfred H. Partridge, ix
Andrews, John, 69
Army of Northern Virginia, 18, 87
Army of the Ohio, 59
Astor House, 131
Astor, William, 10
Atkinson, Edward, 31, 32, 36, 40, 111, 144–145
Atlantic & Pacific Telegraph Company, 124
bacon, price of, 127
Baffin Bay, 42
Bailey, Ronald, 8
Banks, Nathaniel, 55–56, 65, 72, 74–75, 77, 94, 102, 108–110, 112, 116, 118–120, 122–124
Barney, Hiram, 95
Barss, S. F., 85
battle of Chancellorsville, 18, 97
battle of Chickamauga, 108–109
battle of Shiloh, 60
Beaufort Harbor, map of, 33
Bee, Hamilton, 49
Bell, John, 12
Benavides, Santos, 110
blockade runners
CSS Robert E. Lee and, 87
probability of capture and, 90
Rhett Butler and, 142
routes of, 83
success rate and, 91
weapons and, 86
Bonaparte, Louis-Napoléon, 21, 103, 106, 108, 110
“The Boston Toast”, 8
Boston and Worcester Railroad, 37
Boston Board of Trade, 19
Boston Manufacturing Company, 8
Boston Post, “Bleeding Kansas” and, 12
Brazos Island, 110
bribery, xvi, 22–23, 26, 70, 78–79, 88, 139, 142, 146, 146
British Foreign Office, 50
Broadwell, William A., 114–115
Browning, Orville, 21, 65, 133–134, 146
Brown, John, 31
Buchanan, James, 53
Bullard, Lauriston, Massachusetts dependence on cotton and, 1
Bureau of Ordnance, 16
Butler, Benjamin, x, xiv–xv, 24, 34, 54, 60, 62, 68–74, 76–77, 94, 97–100, 111, 121, 133
Butler, Rhett, 142
Butler, William, 119, 133, 146
B. Weir & Company, 85
Canby, Edward R. S., 65, 90, 122, 128–129, 137, 144–145
Cape Fear River, 82
Casey, Samuel, 119, 122–123, 146
C. A. Weed & Company, 122
Chandler, William, 136
Charles River, 8
Chase, Salmon P., 21, 23–25, 27, 34, 38, 59, 67, 71, 88, 94–96
Cheap Cotton by Free Labor (Atkinson), 31
Chicago Daily Times, secession and, xii
Chowan River, 99
Cinco de Mayo, 46
Citicorp, 52
Confederate Congress, trade with the United States and, 15–16, 19
Confederate Treasury Agency, 115
Congressional Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, 123
Conkling, Roscoe, 54
Constitutional Union Party, 12
Cooper, Samuel, 60
cotton economy
cotton prices per pound in New York and Liverpool, 13
cultivation of cotton and, 3
decline in cotton production and, 13
declining cotton cloth prices and, 8
domestic intersectional trade and, 6
extra fees and, 137
industrial use of cotton and, 7
industry value and, 4
“King Cotton Diplomacy”, 1, 12–13
major buyers and, 5
New York's exports and, 11
number of bales shipped during Civil War and, 143
price of cotton and, 2
secession, xii, 2, 15, 53, 56, 65, 94, 132
slavery, xii, 1, 5, 9, 11–12, 27, 31, 37, 76, 105, 111, 147
states expansion and, 5
tariffs and, xiii, 4, 6, 46, 55, 105, 109, 142
Coulter, Merton, xvi, 20, 25, 63–64, 136
Crimean War, 28
Css Clarence, ix
CSS Hunley, 82
CSS Shenandoah, 81
CSS Virginia, 93
Davis, Jefferson, xiii, 17, 47, 76, 101–102, 105–106, 108, 113, 115, 124, 134, 137
de Montijo, Eugenie, 46
Dennison, William, 146
Dent, Lewis, 78
Donahue, James, 51
Douglas, Stephen, 133
Dowling, Richard, 109
Ella Warley, 53
E. Parkman, Brooks, & Company, 133
Erie Canal, 11
Everett, Edward, 12
Eyck, John Ten, 144
Farragut, David, 60, 68, 89–90
federal plantations, 76–80, Federal Trade with the Confederate States, cotton estimates and, 143
Fessenden, William P., 25, 27, 128–129
First Battle of Bull Run, ix, 22, 52, 101
Florida, commerce raiders and, 29
Ford, John S. “Rip”, 47
Ford, “Rip”, 110
Foreign Enlistments Act, 29
Fort Brown, 51
Fort Pulaski, 89
Fort Sumter, x, xiv, 15–16, 53, 81–82
France
capture of Mexico City and, 104
Maximilian I and, 106
US concerns over invasion of Mexico and, 107
Frémont, John C., 94
French Revolution, 21
Garrison, William Lloyd, 9
G. C. Harvey, trading firms and, 85
General Order Number 11, 63
George Arnold & Company, 118
Goldsborough, Louis, 95
Gordon, George H., 100
Gorgas, Josiah, 16
Grant, Ulysses, xi, 56, 60–63, 74, 76–78, 91, 99–100, 102, 108, 119, 128, 134, 146
Great Britain
cotton imports and, 3
textile industries and, 96
textile manufacturing equipment of, 7–8
warehoused cotton and, 14
world's biggest cotton consumer and, 12
Greely, Horace, 76
gross national product, increase in, 141
Halleck, Henry, 22, 60, 62–63, 75, 96, 110, 112
Hamilton, Andrew Jackson, 90, 133
Hamlin, Hannibal, 131
Hammond, John, “King Cotton” speech and, 11–12
Hanna, Alfred, 49
Hanna, Kathryn, 49
Hapsburg, Ferdinand Maximilian, 104–106, 108, 110
Hapsburg, Franz Joseph, 104–105
Harrington, George, 133
Harris, William C., 65, 145–146
Hart, Albert Bushnell, 24
Hart, Simeon, 113
Hearn, Chester, 70
Helena (Arkansas), trade and, 65–67
Henry, Robert Selph, 135
Herron, Francis, 110
Holmes, Theophilus, 102
Hooker, Joseph, 18
Hook, W. B., 59
House Commerce Committee, abuses of trading stations and, 25
Hoyt, Harris, 52
Hoyt, Sprague & Company, 53
Hunter, David, 35
Jackson, Thomas “Stonewall”, 18
Jewish traders, General Order Number 11, 63
Johnson, Andrew, 52, 54, 131, 137–138
Johnson, Ludwell, 63, 66–67, 69, 98, 146
Johnston, George, 98
Johnston, Joseph, 17
Juarez, Benito, 43, 46, 104, 132
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 11
Keith, Alexander, 85
“King Cotton Diplomacy”, 1, 12–13
King, Richard, 147
Knox, Thomas W., 78
Lake Pontchartrain, 72
Lamon, Robert, 130
Lane, George, 133
Lathers, Richard, 10
Lawrence, Amos Adams, 9, 11, 14
Lawton, Alexander, 16
Lee, Robert E., xv, 18, 80, 84, 87, 91, 97–99, 109, 124, 135
Lieber Code, 121
Lincoln, Abraham
as Whig capitalist and, 145
blockade of Southern ports and, 15–16
blockades of Confederacy's coastal states and, 81
blocking international commerce to Southern states and, 28
commerce at Norfolk and, 97
cotton shortage in Europe and, 20
European cotton famine and, 71
federal military presence in Texas and, 108
Fergus Penniston and, 131
first inaugural address and, xii, 141
Hugh McCulloch and, 135
James Singleton and, 134
Jefferson Davis and, 137
letter to General Canby and, 129
Lieber Code and, 121
Lorenzo Thomas and, 76
Maximilian I and, 106
nomination for second term and, 107–108
presidential nominating convention and, 116
Purchasing Act (1864) and, 127–128
replacing Butler with General Banks and, 74
Samuel Casey and, 119
Samuel Curtis and, 65
second auction of land and, 38
tax commissioners and, 27
Thomas Teasdale and, 136
trade policy and, 15
Treasury Department implementation rules and, 25
White House conversations and, 22
William Kellogg and, 146
London Globe, Maximilian I and, 106
Lord Lyons, 84
Louisiana State Bank, 118
Lyons, Richard, 28
Maritime Law, 28
Massachusetts
America's textile industry and, 4
as proslavery community and, 1
Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, 37
Matamoros
British Foreign Office and, 50
Charles Stillman and, 51
increase in transportation costs and, 56
Juan Cortina and, 109
legal circumvention advantages and, x
legal loopholes and, 41
loading wagons and, 49
trade characteristics and, 47–49
William Sprague and, 52
Matamoros Morning Call, publishing in English and, 48
Maximilian, Ferdinand, 46
Maximilian I, 105–106, 108, 110
McArthur, John, 74
McCulloch, Hugh, 135
McDougall, James, 107
McKee, Andrew W., 118–120, 122
McPherson, James, 145
Meigs, Montgomery, 69
Mellen, William P., 136
Mexican-American War, 41, 101, 103, 106
Mexico
Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, 94
Mississippi River, xv, 41, 49, 55–56, 58–61, 66, 70, 74–76, 78, 80, 90, 111, 115
Mississippi State Orphans Home, 136–137
Monroe Doctrine, 103
Morris Island, 82
Murphy, Isaac, 116
Myers, Abraham, 16
Napoleon III, 21, 46, 103, 105–106, 108, 110
Napoleon III and Mexico (Hanna), 49
New England
“The Boston Toast” and, 8
Boston Brahmins and, 8
cotton aristocracy and, 9
cotton textile industry and, 7–8, 142
free-labor ethics and, 36
importing European manufactures and, 8
slavery and, 9
New Orleans
Butler's arrival in, 70
surrender of, 68
New York Chamber of Commerce, 131
New York Commercial Advertiser, Southerners need for money and, 21
New York Herald
acquisition of cotton in Northern states and, 21
“Bleeding Kansas” and, 12
Gotham shippers and contraband trade, 49
New York Times
colonization of Texas and, 55
Texas cotton production and, 111
New York Tribune
Horace Greely and, 76
stealing cotton and, 138
Nicolay, John, 131
Noble, Samuel, 130
O'Connor, Thomas, 20
Ochs, Julius, xi
Ohio River, xi, xiii, 55, 59, 133, 141
Ouachita River, 111
Owsley, Frank, 91
Panic of 1857, 11
Paris Declaration of Maritime Law (1856), 81, 93, 97
Patterson, James, 130
Penniston, Fergus, 131
Peterhoff, 57
Pickett, John, 132
Pierce, Edward L., 34
Polk, James K., 64
Porter, David Dixon, 66–68, 116, 119–123
Port Hudson, 56, 65, 77, 101–102
Portsmouth, 42
Powell, Lawrence, 39
Prescott, Charles, 53
Preston, William, 108
Proclamation of Neutrality, 29
Purchasing Act (1864), 25–26, 126–129, 133
Quintero, Jose, 47
Randolph, George, 17
Rappahannock River, 18
Read, Henry, 68
Red River, 75, 110–112, 116–119, 122, 125
Rees, Daniel, 132
Reid, Whitelaw, 138
Reign of Terror, 21
Reynolds, William, 34
Rhett, Robert, 9
Rio Grande River, x, 41–43, 46–48, 50, 56, 58, 109–110, 113–114, 147
Risley, Olive, 130
Roberts, Sellew, 144
Rose, Willie Lee, 34
Russell, John, 28
Sabine Pass, 109
San Antonio News, Kirby Smith and, 124
Scott, Thomas, 91
Sea Islands, xiv, 32, 35–37, 39
secession, xii, 2, 15, 53, 56, 65, 94, 132
Second Confiscation Act, 26–27, 73
Second French Republic, 103
Seward, Fred, 85
Seward, William H., 11, 21, 23, 28, 50, 62, 71, 87–88, 90, 93, 96, 106–107, 130
Shenandoah, commerce raiders and, 29
Shepley, George, 70, 72, 98, 100, 118
Sherman, John, x
Sherman, Thomas, 32
Sherman, William T., xi, 60, 62–64, 116, 131–132
Sickles, Daniel, 64
slavery, xii, 1, 5, 9, 11–12, 27, 31, 37, 76, 105, 111, 147
Slidell, John, 105
Smith, A. J., 116
Smith, Edmund Kirby, xv
anti-Bragg cabal and, 102
authorizing impressment and, 114
dictatorial powers and, 101
E. Parkman, Brooks, & Company and, 133
headquarters at Shreveport and, 110, 116
lack of weapons for soldiers and, 113
Mexican-American War and, 101
selling cotton to sustain armies and, 42, 123–124
Texas Military Cotton Board and, 124
Trans-Mississippi Cotton Bureau and, 90, 112, 114–115, 119
University of Nashville and, 125
Smith, Michael Thomas, 123
South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, 86
Sprague, William, 24, 34, 52–54, 60, 80
Stanton, Edwin, 20, 53–55, 62–64, 69, 94–97, 106, 128, 146
Stanton, Henry B., 88
The Star of the West, 53
Stevenson, John, 118
St. John, Isaac, 16
St. Louis Republican, Memphis railroads and cotton shipments, 62
Sumner, Charles, 69
Surdam, David, 60
Swett, Leonard, 130
swindles, 136
tariffs, xiii, 4, 6, 46, 55, 105, 109, 142
Tenure of Office Act, 54
Texas Military Cotton Board, 124
Texas State Military Board, 114–115
textiles, xii, 3–4, 7, 52, 142
Thayer, Eli, xiv
Thayer, John M., 108
Thomas, Henry, 78
Tilden, Samuel J., 10
Trade With the Rebellious States, House report and, 135
Trans-Mississippi Confederacy, 42, 58
Trans-Mississippi Cotton Bureau, 112, 114–115, 119
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), 41
Treaty of Paris (1856), 28
Twain, Mark, 132
Union Committee of Fifteen, 9
Union Pacific Railroad, 94
United Daughters of the Confederacy, xi
United States Government Revenues and Spending (1860–1865), 142
University of Nashville, 125
University of the South, 125
US Congress
endemic corruption of intersectional trade and, 125
impressment law and, 18
Revenue Act of 1861 and, 27, 35
Second Confiscation Act, 73
Senate-House investigation of trade and, 134–135
US currency, fluctuation of, 14
USS Housatonic, 82
USS Monitor, 93
US Supreme Court, Salmon P. Chase and, 24
USS Vanderbilt, 57
Van Dorn, Earl, 62
Vicksburg, xv, 56, 58, 63, 65, 74, 76–77, 79, 84, 101–102, 106, 111–112, 115
Vidaurri, Santiago, 47
War Department, 32, 35, 73, 78, 87, 107, 113, 119
War of 1812, 7
Washburn, Cadwallader, 64–65, 129
Washington Chronicle, acquisition of cotton in Northern states and, 21
Watterson, Harvey, 138
Weed, Thurlow, 88, 94, 130–131, 146
Weldon, William, 146
Welles, Gideon, 57, 90, 95–97, 128, 131
West Point, 101
Wilson, Henry, 69
Wilson, James, 106
Wisconsin State Journal, paying bribes and, 78
Wise, Stephen R., 91
yellow fever, 85