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acolyte of Master Zhuang: in Free and Easy Roaming, 32, 164, 166–69, 171–86; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 67–83, 118–19, 121, 153
Ali (nephew of the Prophet), 9
Bai Jin (district magistrate), 38
ballad stories (cihua), 29, 36
Book of Nonactivism in Lamentation for the World, The (Luo Qing), 19, 281
Buddhism, 12–13, 48n.55, 289, 290n.14; on body as sack of skin filled with pus and excrement, 44n.24, 51n.79, 289; contemplation of corpses in, 13; and Diamond Sutra, 191, 191n.48; and Eight Dangers, 287, 287n.12; in Free and Easy Roaming, 33, 164, 191, 193–94; hagiographic literature of, 13–14; homiletic poetry of, 51n.79; preaching of, through precious scrolls, 217; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 236, 237; in “The Ten Skeletons,” 293, 296; in “Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous,” 283nn.2, 3, 288
butterfly dream, 23, 260. See also specific works
Butterfly Dream (Xie Guo), 35
Butterfly Dream, The (Chunshuzhai), 36, 196–215; discovery of skeleton in, 198; dream encounter with skeleton in, 199–201; fidelity of Master Zhuang’s wife tested in, 205–15; splitting Master Zhuang’s coffin in, 211–15; widow fanning the grave of her husband in, 201–6
Butterfly Dream, The (Shi Pang), 35
chuanqi (play genre), 32, 163
Compassion Water Repentance (Zhixuan), 283, 283n.2
Complete Realization Teachings, 73
corpses: in Buddhist homiletic poetry, 13; contemplation of, in Buddhist training of monks, 13; images of, and skeletons in adornment of monastic quarters, 13; the living as walking corpses, 2, 17, 283–92
“Daoist Li Enters Cloud Gate Cave Alone” (vernacular story), 27
daoqing (Daoist storytelling), 27; accompanied by fisherman’s drum and bamboo clappers, 29–30; description of, 61–62; history of genre, 52n.84; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 152–62; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton, 28–29, 61–150
death: for fame and profit, 190–91; as Great Boundary, 72, 72n.25, 113, 116, 132; joys of, praised by skeleton, 7, 199–201, 269, 270, 273–74, 276–77; and rhapsodies, 10–14, 269, 270, 273–74, 276–77; souls and spirits dispersed after, 125, 125n.113, 154; as Three Disasters, 287, 287n.12; traditional Chinese concepts of, 9. See also underworld; specific works
dog, organs of, used in resurrecting skeleton, 38, 39
Dream of the Red Chamber (Cao Xueqin), 19
Dream of Zhuang Zhou, The (ascribed to Shi Jiu Jingxian), 23
dreams, skull/skeleton encountered in: in The Butterfly Dream, 199–201; in “Discourse on the Skull,” 269, 275–77; in Master Zhuang, 7; in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Lü An), 278–79; in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Zhang Heng), 272–74
enlightenment: and Buddha, 12; and conversion of Ma Yu, 18; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 79, 83n.53, 136, 140–50, 143n.135; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 226; and skeleton, 2, 14–19, 281–92; in “The Ten Skeletons,” 293–96; Wang Chongyang’s prescription for, 14
Expounded Meaning of the Exceptional Writings of Master Zhuang (Xiangmeng Ciren), 9–10, 42n.5
Extraordinary Sights from Present and Past (anthology), 34, 196
fame, desire for: in Free and Easy Roaming, 164, 170, 172, 186–91; in Master Zhuang Laments the Skeleton, 24; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 65, 67, 70, 72, 80, 111, 133, 134n.122, 142; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 220. See also Magistrate Liang
fanning the grave, 4, 33–37; in The Butterfly Dream, 196, 201–6; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 218, 220, 221; in “Zhuang Zixiu Drums on the Tub and Achieves the Great Way,” 3, 33–36
Feng Menglong, 3; prosimetric story adaptations by, 36–37; Stories to Awaken the World, 27–28; Stories to Caution the World, 3, 33–36; “Zhuang Zixiu Drums on the Tub and Achieves the Great Way,” 3, 33–36
filial piety, 218; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 90n.61; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 37, 225–53
Flowers Behind the Curtain (Ding Yaokang), 151
folktales, classification of, 56n.106
Four Cries of the Gibbon (Xu Wei), 164
Four Great Stupidities (anonymous play), 35
Free and Easy Roaming (Wang Yinglin), 31–33, 166–94, 179, 189; discovery of skull in, 173; introduction of characters in, 166–70; and Lu Xun, 255; Magistrate Liang’s decision to abandon family and career in, 184–86; Master Zhuang’s decision to visit Magistrate Liang in, 171–72; plot summary of, 32, 164; and religious syncretism, 33, 192–94; resurrection of skeleton in, 175–78, 181; revived skeleton returned to skeleton form in, 183–84; skeleton’s accusations against Master Zhuang and appearance before Magistrate Liang in, 178–83; structure of, 32; zhengzi and chenzi (proper and filler words) in, 165
ghosts, in “Raising the Dead,” 39–40, 258
gourd, and Fei Changfang, 82n.52
History of Heaven (Ding Yaokang), 151
Hitting the Bone to Seek the Cash (Peking opera), 38–39, 59n.117
Holbein, Hans, the Younger, 31
“Huangying’er” songs: in Free and Easy Roaming, 32, 164, 180; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 72–74, 79, 82, 145–46
identity of skeleton, 42n.10; in Free and Easy Roaming, 180; in Hitting the Bone to Seek the Cash, 38; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 159; in “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 26; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 120, 122; in “Raising the Dead,” 261; in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Zhang Heng), 12, 269, 272. See also lamentations over/questions to skeleton
immortals, immortality: in The Butterfly Dream, 201nn.3, 4; in Free and Easy Roaming, 170, 170n.16, 172; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 153, 162; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 67, 71, 73, 73nn.26, 29, 81n.50, 82, 82n.52, 83n.53, 118, 118n.108, 129, 130, 137–38, 138n.131, 147–49; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 232, 236, 239–40, 253
Impermanence (underworld representative), 27, 51n.82, 113, 117, 127, 130, 131, 175, 286–91, 294
Japan: images of corpses in poetry of, 13; images of skeletons in woodblock prints and carvings of, 55n.96; Tachikawa sect in, 43n.16
karma: in The Butterfly Dream, 207; in Free and Easy Roaming, 33, 170; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 89, 93, 101, 112, 126, 128, 139; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 222n.1, 252; in Quanzhen Daoism, 17; in “Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous,” 282, 288, 289; in “White Bones,” 46n.46. See also rebirth
lamentations over/questions to skeleton, 22, 37–40; in The Butterfly Dream, 199–201; in “Discourse on the Skull,” 275; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 154–58; in Master Zhuang Laments the Skeleton, 24–25; in “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 25–26; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 62, 84–118; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 220; in “Raising the Dead,” 257–58; in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Lü An), 278–79; in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Zhang Heng), 271–72; in “Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous,” 283–92
“Langtaosha” songs: in Free and Easy Roaming, 32, 164, 171; in “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 25–27; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 70, 123, 125, 130–31; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 236–37
Li Song: A Magic Performance of Skeletons, 20, 21; Painting of the Four Delusions, 49n.61; Skeleton Pulling a Cart, 22; A Skeleton Sitting in [the Square Hole of] a Copper Coin, 22
Luo Qing, 19; background of, 281–82; “Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous,” 283–92
Ma Yu (Ma Danyang), 15–18
Magic Performance of Skeletons, A (Li Song), 20, 21
Magistrate Liang, 128; decision of, to abandon family and career, 27, 62, 126–35, 184–86; desire of, for fame, 32, 164, 170, 186; in Free and Easy Roaming, 32, 164, 166, 170–72, 178–92; in “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 26; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 62, 83, 121–50; Master Zhuang’s instructions to, 62, 135–40, 225–37; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 36–37, 218, 225–37; skeleton’s deposition to, 26–27, 62, 120–27, 159–62, 178–83; spiritual journey of, following abandonment of wife and career, 139–49. See also police; wife of Magistrate Liang
Manchus, conquest of China by, 151, 195
Marvelous Sounds from Selected Brocades (anonymous anthology), 25–26
Master Zhuang (Zhuangzi; Zhuang Zhou), 1–10, 153, 167–68.nn2–11, 184n.33, 190n.47; as Daoist text, 5–6; death of Master Zhuang’s wife in, 6–7; history of, 4–6; Master Zhuang’s meeting with the skull in, 7–8; Owen on skull parable in, 9; structure of, 5, 6
Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton (Ding Yaokang, ed.), 152–62; discovery of skeleton in, 154; as included in a chapter of A Sequel to Plum in the Golden Vase, 152; lamentations over/questions to skeleton in, 154–58; Master Zhuang’s decision to undertake a journey in, 154; Master Zhuang’s life as a Daoist recluse in, 153–54; resurrection of skeleton in, 158–59; revived skeleton returned to skeleton form in, 162; skeleton’s accusations against Master Zhuang and appearance before Magistrate Liang in, 159–62; skeleton’s claim about King Yama in, 161
Master Zhuang Laments the Skeleton (Lü Jingru), 23–25
“Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton” (anonymous play fragment), 26
Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs (Du Hui, ed.), 28–29, 31, 36–37, 53n.88, 61–150, 63, 87, 109, 128; discovery of skeleton in, 84, 110; fate of skeleton’s bones in, 127; Magistrate Liang’s decision to abandon family and career in, 126–35; Magistrate Liang’s spiritual journey following abandonment of wife and career in, 139–49; Master Zhuang’s decision to undertake a journey in, 81–83; Master Zhuang’s instructions on meditation and self-cultivation in, 135–40; Master Zhuang’s lamentations over/questions to skeleton in (part 1), 84–107; Master Zhuang’s lamentations over/questions to skeleton in (part 2), 107–18; Master Zhuang’s life as a Daoist recluse in, 66–81; plot summary of, 62; resurrection of skeleton in, 118–20; revived skeleton returned to skeleton form in, 124–25; skeleton’s accusations against Master Zhuang and appearance before Magistrate Liang in, 120–27; structure of, 28, 29, 61–62
Miaoshan (princess), 37, 217
Ming dynasty, 3, 4, 19, 23–33; chuanqi (play genre) in, 32, 163; early dramatic version of Master Zhuang and skeleton story in, 25–27; narrative daoqing genre in, 61–62; stage adaptations of “Zhuang Zixiu Drums on the Tub and Achieves the Great Way” in, 35; zaju (play genre) in, 163–64. See also Feng Menglong; Free and Easy Roaming; Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton; Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs; “Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous”
Miscellaneous Works of Wang Yinglin, 31
Old Tales Retold (Lu Xun), 39
Painting of the Four Delusions (Li Song), 49n.61
plays: Butterfly Dream, 35; The Butterfly Dream, 35; and butterfly dream of Master Zhuang, 23; chuanqi, 32, 163; Four Great Stupidities, 35; Free and Easy Roaming, 31–33, 166–94; Hitting the Bone to Seek the Cash, 38–39, 59n.117; huaju, 59n.123 (see also “Raising the Dead”); lost and incomplete, 22–23, 25, 31, 55n.99; “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 25–26; Mingcheng, 58n.110; role types in, 166n.1; Xizi ji, 51n.79. See also daoqing; zaju
Precious Repentance of Emperor Wu of the Liang (Buddhist liturgy), 283n.3, 284
Precious Scroll of Good-in-Talent and Dragon Girl (anonymous), 39
Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, The (anonymous), 36–37, 220–53; fidelity of Master Zhuang’s wife tested in, 221–25; Master Zhuang’s background in, 221; Master Zhuang’s instructions to Magistrate Liang and wife in, 225–53; plot summary of, 218; resurrection of skeleton in, 225; revived skeleton returned to skeleton form in, 226; skeleton’s accusations against Master Zhuang and appearance before Magistrate Liang in, 225–26; structure of, 218–19; widow fanning the grave of her husband in, 221
Precious Scroll on the Emperor of the Liang (anonymous), 19, 293–96
Qing dynasty, 19, 65, 65n.5, 195–96; ballad verse in, 219; The Butterfly Dream in, 35, 36, 196–215; The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton in, 218–53; rustic song tradition in, 30; skeleton image in lyrics of, 19
“Qinyuanchun” songs, 19, 20, 67
“Raising the Dead” (Lu Xun), 39–40, 59n.123, 255–68; discovery of skull in, 257; lamentations over/questions to skeleton in, 257–58; plot summary of, 39–40, 256; resurrection of skeleton in, 258–60; revived skeleton unable to return to skeleton form in, 264–65; skeleton’s accusations against Master Zhuang and appearance before policeman in, 261–68
Realized Person of Purple Yang, 81, 81n.50
rebirth: in Free and Easy Roaming, 183, 192–93; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 100, 100n.84, 112, 117, 127; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 222n.1, 232, 240; in Quanzhen Daoism, 15, 17; in A Sequel to the Plum in the Golden Vase, 151; in “Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous,” 282, 284, 284n.7, 290
Records of the Historian (Shiji; Sima Qian), 4
resurrection of skeleton, 25–27; dog organs used for, 38, 39; earliest version of story of, 25; in Free and Easy Roaming, 175–78, 181; in Hitting the Bone to Seek the Cash, 38; ingratitude of skeleton after, 39, 40–41, 61, 120–21 (see also specific works); in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 158–59; in “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 25–26; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 62, 118–20, 124–25; possible origin of story of, 51n.83; in Precious Scroll of Good-in-Talent and Dragon Girl, 39; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 225; in “Raising the Dead,” 39–40, 258–60; revived skeleton returned to skeleton form, 124–25, 162, 183–84, 226; revived skeleton unable to return to skeleton form, 264–65; in “Skeleton Lament,” 40; willow twigs used for, 25, 119, 124, 125, 158, 162, 175–76, 183–84, 226
“Rhapsody on the Skull” (Zhang Heng), 269–74
Second Collection of Short Plays of the Glorious Ming, A (Shen Tai, ed.), 31–32, 165
Selected Charms from the Forest of Lyrics (Zhang Lu, ed.), 23–25
sex, desire for, 14, 19; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 155; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 90, 112, 113, 114; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 220
“Shenzui dongfeng” songs, 144
“Shuahai’er” songs: in Free and Easy Roaming, 32, 164, 187; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 152–62; in Master Zhuang Laments the Skeleton, 23–25, 62; in “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 25–26; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 28–29, 69, 86–91, 94–107; structure of, 30
Singing While Drumming on a Tub: Master Zhuang Laments the Skeleton (Li Shouqing), 22–23
“Skeleton Lament” (Guo Degang), 40
Skeleton Pulling a Cart (Li Song), 22
Skeleton Sitting in [the Square Hole of] a Copper Coin, A (Li Song), 22
skeleton/skull: and brevity of human life/foolishness of those who do not seek salvation, 2, 14–16, 200, 283–96; burial of abandoned, 117, 118n.109, 127, 158, 158n.148, 184, 274, 277; in Central Asian tradition, 9; coins in mouth of, 38, 173–76; and dance, 47n.52; discovery of, 84, 110, 154, 173, 198, 257, 271, 275, 278; in European tradition, 8, 30–31, 47n.50; identity of (see identity of skeleton); images of (Chinese, Japanese), 13–16, 18–22, 21, 55n.96; images of (European), 8, 30–31, 47n.50; interlinked bones of bodhisattvas, 13–14; in Islamic tradition, 8–9, 51n.78; lamentations over/questions to (see lamentations over/questions to skeleton); and the living as walking corpses, 2, 17, 283–92; marionette image of, 16, 20, 21, 22, 49n.61, 55n.96; in medical works, 20; in Ming-dynasty texts, 3, 4, 23–28 (see also Ming dynasty); in modern texts, 2, 37–41 (see also Lu Xun); original story of, in Master Zhuang, 7–8; in Quanzhen Daoism, 14–33 (see also Quanzhen Daoism); resurrection of (see resurrection of skeleton); in second- and third-century texts, 2, 10–14 (see also Cao Zhi; Lü An; Zhang Heng); skull as drinking vessel, 10; and traditional Chinese concepts of death, 9–10
Skin Sack, The (play fragment), 25–26
“Song of the Skeleton” (Tan Chuduan), 18–19
Songs of the South, 41n.5
Stories to Awaken the World (Feng Menglong), 27–28
Stories to Caution the World (Feng Menglong), 3, 33–36
Tachikawa sect (Japan), 43n.16
“Taoyuan yi guren” songs, 85–86
“Ten Skeletons, The” (anonymous poem), 293–96
“Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous” (Luo Qing), 282–92
underworld, 51n.77; Impermanence in, 27, 51n.82, 113, 117, 127, 130, 131, 175, 286–91, 294; Judge Cui in, 161, 161n.150; King Yama in, 42n.5, 116, 116n.106, 152, 161, 232, 289, 289n.13, 295; Ten Kings in, 289, 289n.13; Yellow Springs as, 107, 107n.94, 279, 279n.14
Way: in The Butterfly Dream, 197–98, 201; in “Discourse on the Skull,” 276; in Free and Easy Roaming, 170–72, 193–94; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 66–67, 70–74, 83, 135–50; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 226, 236–38, 253; in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Zhang Heng), 273; in “Twenty-One Pure Sound Lyrics Lamenting the World and Alerting the Frivolous,” 284
wealth, desire for, 14, 19; in Free and Easy Roaming, 32, 164, 167, 170, 173–76, 186–91; in Master Zhuang Laments the Skeleton, 24; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 80, 101, 111–15, 134n.122, 143; Master Zhuang’s instructions on, 187–91; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 220
“White Bones” (Tan Chuduan), 46n.46
wife of Magistrate Liang: filial duties of, 37; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 37, 139–40; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 36–37, 218
wife of Zhuang Zhou (Madam Tian): in The Butterfly Dream, 205–15; fidelity of, tested, 1, 3, 34–35, 56n.106, 58n.110, 205–15, 221–25; filial duties of, 237–53; and folktale classification, 56n.106; lover of, 206–10; in Master Zhuang, 6–7; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 218, 221–25, 237; Zhuang Zhou’s equanimity following death of, 3, 6–7; in “Zhuang Zixiu Drums on the Tub and Achieves the Great Way,” 34–35
willow twigs, as substitute for bones: in Free and Easy Roaming, 175–76, 183–84; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 158, 162; in “Master Zhuang of the Zhou Laments the Skeleton,” 25; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 119, 124, 125; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 226
wine, desire for, 14, 19; in Master Zhuang Lamenting the Skeleton, 155; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 90, 112, 113, 113nn.98, 99; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 220
women: and baojuan (precious scroll) genre, 218; and black magic, 10; decomposing corpses of, 13; fidelity of, tested, 57n.106 (see also wife of Zhuang Zhou); filial duties of, 237–53; skeleton as corpse of woman, 104–6; Three Obediences and Four Virtues of, 105, 105n.91; widow fanning the grave of her husband (see fanning the grave). See also sex, desire for
woodblock prints, skeleton images in, 55n.96
Wu Gui (identity of skeleton), 159
“Xijiangyue” songs: in Free and Easy Roaming, 166, 185, 186; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 81n.48, 85; in The Precious Scroll of Master Zhuang’s Butterfly Dream and Skeleton, 220; structure of, 186n.37
Xu Jia (ungrateful servant of the Old Master), 51n.83
Yan Zhuang (Yecheng Laoren), 55n.99
yin and yang: in “Discourse on the Skull,” 276; in Master Zhuang Sighs over the Skeleton in Northern and Southern Lyrics and Songs, 131, 136–37, 136n.127, 148n.145; in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Zhang Heng), 274; yin-yang fan, 38, 39
Zhang Cong (identity of skeleton), 26, 38
“Zhegutian” songs, 65, 138
Zhong Kui (demon queller), 20
Zhuang Zhou, 1–2; background of, 4; butterfly dream of, 23, 260 (see also butterfly dream; specific works); fidelity of wife tested by (see wife of Zhuang Zhou); and Magistrate Liang (see Magistrate Liang); meeting of, with skeleton, 7–8, 22–33 (see also dreams, skull/skeleton encountered in; lamentation over/questions to skeleton; resurrection of skeleton; specific works); skull identified as remains of, in “Rhapsody on the Skull” (Zhang Heng), 12, 269, 272; and widow fanning the grave (see fanning the grave); writings of, 4–6 (see also Master Zhuang)
“Zhuang Zixiu Drums on the Tub and Achieves the Great Way” (Feng Menglong), 33–36