1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986
2. Donald Jones, Fifty Tales of Toronto (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992); Robert Fulford, “Imperial Bedrooms,” Saturday Night (Apr. 1993), 24–6, 65
3. William Dawson LeSueur, William Lyon Mackenzie: A Reinterpretation, A.B. McKillop, ed. (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1979)
4. Simon Schama, Dead Certainties (Unwarranted Speculations) (Toronto: Vintage Books, 1992), 319–20
1. See Morris Wolfe, ed., A Saturday Night Scrapbook (Toronto: New Press, 1973), ix–x.
2. Frances Fenwick Williams, “The Little People of the Cornfields,” Saturday Night (Dec. 18, 1920), 29; “Society,” 34
3. “The Bookshelf,” Saturday Night (Dec. 18, 1920), 8
4. Hector Charlesworth, The Canadian Scene; Sketches Political and Historical (Toronto: Macmillan, at St. Martin’s House, 1927), especially his chapter “Robert B. Angus, A Canadian Patriarch.” Charlesworth wrote of Angus: “Patriarchal in years … patriarchal in historical experience, he was also marvellously patriarchal in appearance.” (12)
5 . A Cyclopedia of Canadian Biography, Hector Charlesworth, ed. (Toronto: Hunter-Rose, 1919), 254. See also the entry on Charlesworth in Who’s Who in Canada, 1943– 44 (Toronto: International Press, 1944), 302.
6. Hector Charlesworth, “Reflections,” Saturday Night (Dec. 18, 1920), 2
7. Consumer details are drawn from Eaton’s advertisements in the Toronto Star, Dec. 18, 1920; the weather for Monday, Dec. 20, is taken from the Toronto Star of that day.
1. “How Changed the Scene,” typescript by “Amelia and Louise George,” DF. This nom de plume is derived from the middle names of Florence and Mabel Deeks and the first name of their father.
2. Undated typescript beginning “I, Florence Amelia Deeks, 140 Farnham Avenue …,” DF, 1
3. Directories for the city of Toronto consistently give her name as “Melinda” after she moved there in the late 1890s.
4. The detailed census records are available on microfilm at the National Archives of Canada. The census indicates that George Deeks was forty years old, but this appears to be in error. According to the headstone marking his grave in Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto, he was in fact forty-one, born on Dec. 8, 1830. Biographical material and dates of birth and death have been obtained from various sources: professionally researched genealogical data provided to the author by William G. Deeks of Toronto, grandson of George S. Deeks; obituaries of George Deeks and Catherine Melinda Deeks in Toronto Globe, Mar. 5, 1897, and Mar. 12, 1930, respectively; clippings in University of Toronto Archives on George S. Deeks, File A73.0026/081(66); Douglas Burk Deeks, File A73-0026/081(63); Edward R. Deeks, File A73-0026/081(64); and George Campbell Deeks, File A73-0026/081(65).
5. See Index to the 1871 Census of Ontario. Stormont, Dundas, Glengarry, Prescott, Russell, Bruce S. Elliott, general editor (Toronto: Ontario Genealogical Society, 1987), 65.
6. Smyth Carter, The Story of Dundas; Being a History of the County of Dundas from 1784 to 1904 (Iroquois [Ont.]: St. Lawrence News Publishing House, 1905), 162; Eleanor Wickware Morgan, “Up the Front”: A Story of Morrisburg (Toronto: n.p., 1964), 52
7. “I, Florence,” 1
8. Telephone conversation with William G. Deeks, May 19, 1997
9. Robert Gidney and W.P.J. Millar, Inventing Secondary Education: The Rise of the High School in Nineteenth-Century Ontario (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1990), 136–45
10. Gidney and Millar, Inventing Secondary Education, 147
11. Morgan, “Up the Front,” 91–2
12. Gidney and Millar, Inventing Secondary Education, 192–4, 250–1. For a general overview of the Victorian middle-class girl, see also Deborah Gorham, The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal (London and Canberra: Croom Helm, 1982), 15–35.
13. Morgan, “Up the Front,” 98
14. Mackenzie, 9–12
15. Foot, 1–4
16. Mackenzie, 21
17. Quoted in Mackenzie, 33
18. Wells, Tono-Bungay (London: J.M. Dent, 1994 [1909]), 7. His description of “Bladesover House” in the first chapter is an evocative portrayal of the world of Up Park.
19. Mackenzie, 47–51
20. Quoted in Adrian Desmond, Huxley: Evolution’s High Priest (London: Michael Joseph, 1997), 158
21. Wells quoted in Mackenzie, 59
22. Experiment, 231, 236
23. Experiment, 242
24. C.B. Sissons, A History of Victoria College (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1952), 193
25. George S. Deeks’s brief career as a teacher is mentioned in Sissons, Victoria College, 193. I have found no other reference to it.
26. “Railroad Builder Dead,” Toronto Telegram, May 2, 1930
27. Toronto Globe, Mar. 5, 1897
28. “I, Florence,” 1
29. A.B. McKillop, Matters of Mind: The University in Ontario, 1791– 1951 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press for the Ontario Historical Studies Series, 1994), 130. An experiment in coeducation at Victoria in its very early years was quickly abandoned by its founder, Egerton Ryerson.
30. Victoria College. Register of Students in Arts, 1894– 96. United Church of Canada Archives, Toronto
31. C.S. Clark, Of Toronto the Good: The Queen City of Canada as it is (Montreal: Toronto Publishing Company, 1898), 73–6
32. 8th Annual Calendar of the Presbyterian Ladies’ College (incorporated) for the higher education of young women, 1896– 7. Women’s Arts Association, Toronto.
33. Experiment, 298
34. Experiment, 353
35. Experiment, 299–300. See also Mackenzie, 88–98.
36. Richard Gregory quoted in Mackenzie, 97
37. 8th Annual Calendar, 7–9
38. Toronto Globe, Mar. 5, 1897
39. “I, Florence,” 1
1. Allison Thompson, “A Worthy Place in the Art of Our Country: The Women’s Art Association of Canada, 1887–1987” (unpublished M.A. thesis, Institute of Canadian Studies, Carleton University, 1989), 51–4
2. Thompson, “A Worthy Place,” 53–6
3. Women’s Art Association of Canada, Annual Report, 1903. Women’s Art Association, Toronto. Box labelled “W.A.A. Annual Reports, 1892–1924.”
4. “Historical Sketch of the Women’s Art Association of Canada, prepared by Miss F. Deeks and read by Mrs. W.D. Gregory, on the occasion of the 25th Anniversary of the Association, in the New Galleries, 594 Jarvis Street.” Women’s Art Association of Canada, Annual Report, 1911– 1912, 24–33.
5. Thompson, “A Worthy Place,” 58–9
6. Beverly Boutilier, “Women’s Rights and Duties: Sarah Anne Curzon and the Politics of Canadian History,” in Beverly Boutilier and Alison Prentice, eds., Creating Historical Memory: English-Canadian Women and the Work of History (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1997), 51–74
7. Toronto Globe, Feb. 1, 1892
8. “Impressions – Woman’s Art Exhibit,” Saturday Night (Mar. 6, 1897)
9. “Studio and Gallery,” Saturday Night (Dec. 23, 1919), 15
10. Mackenzie, 148–9
11. Coren, 57
12. Mackenzie, 265
13. Foot, 29–43
14. Experiment, 385
15. Quoted by Jeremy Lewis, “Introduction” to Wells, Love and Mr. Lewisham (London: J.M. Dent, 1993 [1900]), xxxix
16. Quoted in Ruth Brandon, The New Women and the Old Men: Love, Sex and the Woman Question (London: Secker and Warburg, 1990), 166–7
17. Gregory to Wells, June 15, 1900, quoted in Mackenzie, 152
18. Quoted in Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 167
19. See Patricia Stubbs, Women and Fiction: Feminism and the Novel 1880– 1920 (Sussex: Harvester Press, 1979), 190.
20. Wells to Elizabeth Healey, June 19, 1888, quoted in Smith, 183
21. Smith, 208
22. Mackenzie, 119
23. See reminiscences by M.M. Meyer, Berta Ruck, and Margaret Cole in J.R. Hammond, ed., H.G. Wells: Interviews and Recollections (London: Macmillan, 1980), 17–18, 28, 35.
24. Dorothy Richardson, Pilgrimage, Volume II: The Tunnel/Interim (London: Virago, 1979), 112–3
25. Gloria G. Fromm, Dorothy Richardson: A Biography (Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1977), 30–5; Coren, 55
26. Richardson, Tunnel, 113
27. Experiment, 471
28. Fromm, Richardson, 34, 37
29. Smith, 195
30. Beatrice Webb, quoted in Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 165
31. For quotations from Catherine Wells, see Smith, 197.
32. Wells quoted in Smith, 198
33. “Father Founder of Flour Mills,” Toronto Globe and Mail, Dec. 3, 1945
34. “Campbell, Hon. Archibald,” The Canadian Who’s Who (Toronto: Musson, 1910), 34
35. Ruth Freeman and Patricia Klaus, “Blessed or Not? The New Spinster in England and the United States in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries,” Journal of Family History, Vol. 9 (winter 1984), 395. See also Susan Cotts Watkins, “Spinsters,” in the same issue, 310–25; and Cécile Dauphin, “Single Women,” in Geneviève Fraisse and Michelle Perrot, eds., A History of Women, Volume IV: Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, 1995), 427–8.
36. See, for example, George Gissing’s novel, The Odd Women (New York: W.W. Norton, 1977). It was first published in 1893.
37. Lilian Bell, “Talks to Spinsters. II. On the Tendency toward Crabbedness,” Harper’s Bazar (Jan. 1903), 3
38. Quoted in Watkins, “Spinsters,” 317
39. Freeman and Klaus, “Blessed or Not?” 395–6
40. Telephone conversation with William G. Deeks, May 19, 1997
41. Carol Christ, “Victorian Masculinity and the Angel in the House,” in Martha Vicinus, ed., A Widening Sphere: Changing Roles of Victorian Women (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980), 146–62. See also Deborah Gorham, The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal (London and Canberra: Croom Helm, 1982).
42. Myrtle Reed, The Spinster Book (New York: G.P. Putnam and Sons, 1909), 206–7
43. Jane Austen, Emma (Boston: Riverside Press, 1957 [1816]), 65
44. Bell, “Talks to Spinsters,” 4
1. Quoted in Coren, 64
2. Smith, 208
3. Wells quoted in Ruth Brandon, The New Women and the Old Men: Love, Sex and the Woman Question (London: Secker and Warburg, 1990), 178–9
4. Smith, 209
5. Wells quoted in Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 195–6
6. For Wells’s visit to Reeves, see Mackenzie, 233; Rupert Brooke and Beatrice Webb quoted in Mackenzie, 234.
7. Gloria G. Fromm, Dorothy Richardson: A Biography (Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1977), 43
8. Mackenzie, 229
9. Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 178
10. Mackenzie, 247
11. Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 184
12. Smith, 211
13. Smith, 182. The photograph in question is reproduced in Mackenzie at 111.
14. Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 194; Wells in Love, 81
15. Beatrice Webb quoted in Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 198
16. Wells quoted in Mackenzie, 253
17. Violet Paget quoted in Smith, 214–5
18. Flora MacDonald Denison, “Under the Pines; What Women are Doing for the Advancement of Civilization – Suffrage News,” Toronto World, Nov. 14, 1909. Sunday Morning edition. This item is one of the few newspaper clippings to be found in the Deeks Fonds.
19. See Deborah Gorham, “Flora MacDonald Denison: Canadian Feminist,” in Linda Kealey, ed., A Not Unreasonable Claim: Women and Reform in Canada 1880s– 1920s (Toronto: Women’s Press, 1979), 47–70.
20. Denison, “Under the Pines; What Women are Doing”
21. George Dangerfield, The Strange Death of Liberal England 1910– 1914 (New York: Capricorn Books, 1961), 154
22. Toronto Globe, Nov. 20, 1909
23. Toronto Globe, Nov. 22, 1909. Subsequent references to Pankhurst’s speech are drawn from this source.
24. Piers Brendon, Eminent Edwardians (London: Penguin Books, 1979), 135
25. For another description of Mrs. Pankhurst, see Dangerfield, Strange Death, 150–1.
26. Emmeline Pankhurst, My Own Story (New York: Krause Reprint Co., 1971 [1914]), 161
27. Denison quoted in Gorham, “Flora MacDonald Denison,” 62
28. Denison quoted in Gorham, “Flora MacDonald Denison,” 63, 64
29. Dickson, 219
30. See Experiment, 546.
31. Dickson, 169
32. Mackenzie, 264
33. John Hammond, “Introduction” to Wells, Tono-Bungay (London: J.M. Dent, 1994 [1909]), xxxvi–xxxvii
34. Macmillan to Wells, Oct. 19, 1909, quoted in Dickson, 166
35. Spectator, Nov. 20, 1909; quoted in Foot, 102
36. Gregory quoted in Mackenzie, 251
37. Wells quoted in Brandon, New Women and Old Men, 200, 201
38. Webb quoted in Mackenzie, 257
39. Quoted in Dickson, 191–2
40. Mackenzie, 268
41. Wells, The New Machiavelli (London: J.M. Dent, 1994 [1911]), 146
42. Dickson, 195
43. Macmillan quoted in Dickson, 183
44. James quoted in Mackenzie, 271
1. R.J. Minney, The Edwardian Age (London: Cassell, 1964), 79–81. For Warwick’s memoirs, see Frances, Lady Warwick, Afterthoughts (London: Cassell, 1931).
2. Mackenzie, 273–4; Wells, Mr. Britling Sees It Through (New York: Macmillan, 1916), 5. In this novel, Wells’s Essex estate is thinly disguised as “Matching’s Easy.”
3. Elizabeth von Arnim quoted in Coren, 91
4. Quoted in Mackenzie, 272
5. Quoted in Smith, 373
6. Wells in Love, 88–9. In Desperately Mortal, David C. Smith mistakenly cites (this page and without attribution) the incident of lovemaking on the Times as taking place between Wells and Amber Reeves. It is clear from Wells’s own account that it was with Elizabeth von Arnim.
7. Wells in Love, 88–90
8. Smith, 375
9. Wells, Marriage (New York: A.L. Burt, 1913), 11
10. Rebecca West quoted in Foot, 120. Foot’s book contains a lengthy excerpt from West’s review of Marriage.
11. West quoted in Foot, 120
12. For a poignant depiction of Catherine’s unease amidst the famous guests at Easton Glebe, see her short story “Night in the Garden,” in Catherine, 294–9. The quotation in the text is from this story. (296, 299)
13. This is Wells’s description of her. See Wells in Love, 94.
14. Wells in Love, 95
15. Wells in Love, 94–6
16. Wells quoted in Mackenzie, 304
17. Mackenzie, 303
18. See Barbara Wilson, ed., Ontario and the First World War 1914– 1918 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977), xvii–xix.
19. “Plagiarism?” 1
20. “Case,” 1. She did not identify the acquaintance by name.
21. “Plagiarism?” 3–4
22. Flora MacDonald Denison, War and Women (Toronto: Canadian Suffrage Association, 1914), excerpted in Ramsay Cook and Wendy Mitchinson, eds., The Proper Sphere: Woman’s Place in Canadian Society (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1976), 249–51
23. Mackenzie, 298; Coren, 129–31; Dickson, 228–9. In this respect, real life came to replicate the author’s art, for in 1933, the very year Wells predicted for the breakthrough in physics, the physicist Leo Szilard was to read The World Set Free and gain insight and inspiration for his research into nuclear physics. From that moment on, “the Bomb” was a real possibility. See Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atom Bomb (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986), 14; William Lanouette, Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szilard (New York: Scribner’s, 1992), 107, 134.
24. See Mackenzie, 255.
25. See Carl Rollyson, Rebecca West: A Life (New York: Scribner, 1996), 60–1.
26. Ruth Brandon, The New Women and the Old Men: Love, Sex, and the Woman Question (London: Secker and Warburg, 1990), 260
27. Description derived from a photograph of the Toronto Public Library Reading Room c. 1920. T12152, Historical Picture Collection of Special Collections, Genealogy & Maps Centre, Baldwin Room, Toronto Reference Library.
28. John Richard Green, A Short History of the English People, revised and enlarged, with epilogue by Alice Stopford Green (London: Macmillan, 1917). The revised version of Green’s “short” history ran to 1,040 pages; the original was not much shorter.
29. On Wrong’s textbooks, see Robert Bothwell, Laying the Foundation: A Century of History at University of Toronto (Toronto: Department of History, University of Toronto, 1991), 27; on Green’s concerns, see Ernst Breisach, Historiography: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 271; John Kenyon, The History Men: The Historical Profession in England Since the Renaissance (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1983), esp. 159–63.
30. See “Proceedings,” Exhibit 2: “List of Authorities Used by Plaintiff, Appellant,” 396.
31. “Case,” 1. This document consists of a 246-page typescript on legal-size pages. The photocopy of “Case” from which I worked often lacked page numbers.
32. In this respect, she was quite correct, as contemporary feminist scholarship on women historians demonstrates. This scholarship has uncovered a sizable number of women, from the early modern period to the early twentieth century, who wrote about the past. Most of their writing, however, took the form of biographies or memorials of “Women Worthies.” I have been unable to locate any example of a work of history by a woman historian of Deeks’s generation with the ambitious scope of “Web.” See, for example, Bonnie G. Smith, “The Contribution of Women to Modern Historiography in Great Britain, France, and the United States, 1750–1940,” American Historical Review, Vol. 89 (June 1984), 709–32; Kathryn Kish Sklar, “American Female Historians in Context, 1770–1930,” Feminist Studies, Vol. 3 (fall 1975), 171–84; Natalie Zemon Davis, “Gender and Genre: Women As Historical Writers, 1400–1820,” in Patricia H. Labalme, ed., Beyond Their Sex: Learned Women of the European Past (New York: New York University Press, 1984), 153–82; Natalie Zemon Davis, “ ‘Women’s History’ in Transition: The European Case,” in Joan Wallach Scott, ed., Feminism and History (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 79–104; Beverly Boutilier and Alison Prentice, eds., Creating Historical Memory: English-Canadian Women and the Work of History (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1997).
33. “Case,” 1
34. Victor Duruy, General History of the World (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, c. 1901). Duruy had been minister of public instruction under Napoleon III and founder of the École Pratique des Hautes Études. See “Victory Duruy and Liberal Education,” in Roger L. Williams, Gaslight and Shadow: The World of Napoleon III 1851– 1870 (New York: Macmillan, 1957), 187–227.
35. On Deeks’s use of Green, Duruy, and other texts in “Web,” see “Proceedings,” 396.
36. Robert Craig Brown and Ramsay Cook, Canada 1896– 1921: A Nation Transformed (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1974), 217; Wilson, Ontario, xliii
37. Joseph Schull, Ontario Since 1867 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart for the Ontario Historical Studies Series, 1978), 218; Wilson, Ontario, xliv–liii; Brown and Cook, Nation Transformed, 219
38. “Web,” 1. Pagination in the original version of “Web” numbers from 1 within each chapter. For purposes of research and analysis, I prepared an electronic transcript of the text with consecutive pagination throughout. All page references here refer to this electronic version.
39. “Web,” 4–9
40. “Web,” 11–12. Some of Deeks’s ideas, she wrote, came from O.T. Mason, Woman’s Share in Primitive Culture (London: Macmillan, 1895).
41. “Web,” 20
42. “Web,” 20–2, 26, 27
43. “Web,” 72–3, 78–9, 83–4, 95–6, 120–1
44. “Web,” 95, 130
45. “Web,” 134
46. “Web,” 164
47. “Web,” 185, 196
48. “Web,” 213, 214–5, 223–4
49. “Web,” 239–40
50. German air raids over London began in 1915. See Samuel Hynes, A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture (London: Bodley Head, 1990), 100; see also Sir Ray Lankester to Wells, Oct. 11, 1917, WC, L-55/2.
51. Wells quoted in Mackenzie, 309. See also Dickson, 262–3.
52. West quoted in Victoria Glendinning, “Introduction” to Wells, The Passionate Friends (London: Hogarth Press, 1986 [1913]), 3
53. Wells, Passionate Friends, 252
54. Foot, 157–61
55. Hynes, A War Imagined, 130–2; Wells quoted at 132
56. See Toronto City Directory, 1914.
57. “Links,” 1
58. Biographical information on the sons of George S. Deeks was obtained from clippings in the University of Toronto Archives. See files on George Campbell Deeks, A73-0026/081(65); Douglas Burk Deeks, A73-0026/081(63); Edward R. Deeks, A73-0026/081(64).
59. “Web,” 409, 412
60. “Links,” 1
1. Experiment, 571
2. Experiment, 570–2
3. Experiment, 572
4. Experiment, 575–6
5. Wells, Joan and Peter: The Story of an Education (New York: Macmillan, 1918), 443, 450–2
6. Wells, Joan and Peter, 551, 563–5
7. Wells, Joan and Peter, 555–67, 592–3
8. “Case,” 1
9. See Barbara Wilson, ed., Ontario and the First World War 1914– 1918 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977), lxiii.
10. See “Proceedings,” 29.
11. “Web,” 263, 264, 272, 293–5, 300–1, 311–2
12. “Web,” 314–5, 322–3, 344–5, 360
13. See J.W. Burrow, A Liberal Descent: Victorian Historians and the English Past (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 1–3.
14. “Web,” 402–3
15. “Web,” 418–9, 450
16. “Web,” 451–4
17. “Web,” 475, 478–9
18. “Web,” 506
19. Wells, War and the Future: Italy, France and Britain at War (London: Cassell, 1917), 4, 8–9, 11–3, 27–8
20. Wells, War and the Future, 267, 271–2, 275, 279
21. Mackenzie, 315
22. Experiment, 596, 598, 583–4, 586–7, 599
23. Experiment, 599–602; Mackenzie, 316–7; Foot, 179
24. Experiment, 604
25. See Gilbert Murray, J.L. Garvin, Wells, and five others to “Dear Sir,” July 1918, on “League of Free Nations Association” letterhead. In the letter, the association describes itself as “a society of men and women of all parties who accept the principles laid down by President Wilson, and are resolved that out of this war we shall secure no patched up and temporary peace but the complete overthrow of the militarist system which has brought this evil upon the world.” Gilbert Murray Papers, 178/fol. 127, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.
26. For a description of the street and the Macmillan building, see Canadian Bookseller, June 24, 1910, 800.
27. “Proceedings,” 45
28. “Proceedings,” 24
29. For details on Saul and his work environment, see John Morgan Gray, Fun Tomorrow: Learning to Be a Publisher and Much Else (Toronto: Macmillan, 1978), 166–8.
30. “Proceedings,” 46; Gray, Fun Tomorrow, 167
31. “Proceedings,” 47
1. Photograph entitled “Frank Wise at his desk – Macmillan’s, Toronto”; in Accession number 11-1993, MCP. This accession consists of photocopies of news clippings, photographs, offprints, and typescripts concerning Wise. It was donated to the McMaster University Archives by Mrs. E.A. Milsom of Vancouver, granddaughter of Frank Wise. Unless otherwise noted, biographical information concerning Wise is drawn from this source.
2. John Tebbel, A History of Book Publishing in the United States, Volume II: The Expansion of an Industry 1865– 1919 (New York and London: R.R. Bowker, 1975), 354–5
3. Tebbel, History of Book Publishing, II, 354
4. Charles Morgan, The House of Macmillan (London: Macmillan, 1944), 164
5. Morgan, House of Macmillan, 163
6. Tebbel, History of Book Publishing, II, 355
7. John Tebbel, A History of Book Publishing in the United States, Volume III: The Golden Age Between Two Wars 1920– 1940 (New York and London: R.R. Bowker, 1978), 101–2
8. “Macmillan Company’s Manager,” Canadian Bookseller, Jan. 1906
9. See photographs in Canadian Bookseller, Jan. 1906; Toronto News, Sept. 16, 1916.
10. Wise to G.J. Heath, Feb. 27, 1906, June 9, 1906: MA, Add. Mss. 54796
11. Wise to Macmillan, June 22, 1906, July 7, 1906; Wise to G.J. Heath, Oct. 15, 1906; Macmillan New York (unsigned but, given the admonition, most likely George Brett) to Wise, Dec. 23, 1907: MA, Add. Mss. 54796
12. Wise to Macmillan, Sept. 5, 1908, MA, Add. Mss. 54796. See also Wise to Macmillan, Oct. 9, 1908, and Oct. 19, 1908: MA, Add. Mss. 54796.
13. Wise to G.J. Heath, Feb. 18, 1911, MA, Add. Mss. 54796
14. Wise to Brett, Feb. 11, 1909; Macmillan to Wise, Oct. 11, 1910: quoted in Bruce Whiteman, “The Early History of the Macmillan Company of Canada, 1905–1921,” Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada, Vol. 23, 1 (1984), 70, 68
15. Whiteman, “Early History,” 71–2
16. See, for example, “A Copyright Issue,” Montreal Gazette, Aug. 14, 1911; “The Proposed Copyright Law,” Toronto Globe, June 27, 1911; “The Canadian Book Market,” Winnipeg Telegram, Mar. 22, 1913; “A Canadian Point of View,” Daily News (London), Feb. 4, 1913; “Canadians Fear Magazine Menace,” Chicago Tribune, June 12, 1914 (commentary on, and reprint of, letter to the Times [London]). Accession number 11-1993 of the MCP contains many clippings on these and other topics.
17. See the many clippings on the Reunion Association in MCP, Accession number 11-1993. For example: “Form Association to Bring Families to the Dominion,” Montreal Star, May 18, 1912; “Here to Explain a Splendid Work For Immigrants … Frank Wise and His Propaganda,” Ottawa Free Press, May 3, 1912; “The Empire Home Reunion Association,” Canadian News, May 24, 1913.
18. “Labor Bureau to Help Immigrants – Head of a Well-Known Publishing House in Canada Establishes an Office – Running at a Loss,” Toronto Star, Nov. 21, 1913
19. See Danielle Hamelin, “Nurturing Canadian Letters: Four Studies in the Publishing and Promotion of English-Canadian Writing, 1890–1920” (doctoral dissertation, Department of History, University of Toronto, 1994), 121.
20. “Macmillan Company of Canada, Buy Morang,” Publishers’ Weekly (week of June 3, 1912); Whiteman, “Early History,” 72–3. Figures for annual dividends, turnover, and assets were provided by Wise himself, in a typescript career profile he prepared around the time he left Macmillan (1921). This document can be found in MCP, Accession number 11-1993.
21. Wells to Brett, [c. Oct. 20, 1918]; Brett to Wells, Nov. 8, 1918: “Proceedings,” 407–9
22. Wells to Macmillan, Nov. 19, 1918; Macmillan to Wells, Nov. 22, 1918: “Proceedings,” 256
23. Newnes to Wells, Nov. 13, 1918; testimony of Sir Richard Gregory and Newnes: “Proceedings,” 409, 267, 318
24. Wells to Brett, [c. Nov. 30], 1918, “Proceedings,” 411–2
25. Wells to Brett, Dec. 1918, “Proceedings,” 412
26. Wells to Brett, Dec. 1918, “Proceedings,” 412
27. “Plagiarism?” 14. No dialogue is employed in this book unless it was written down (as in this instance) or witnessed by a participant.
28. “Plagiarism?” 14; “Proceedings,” 47
29. Saul to Deeks, Jan. 31, 1919, “Proceedings,” 48
30. “Plagiarism?” 15
31. “Proceedings,” 48–9; “Plagiarism?” 17–8
32. “Plagiarism?” 19
33. “Plagiarism?” 19
34. See stationery in MCP, box 3, file 4.
35. Wise to R.L. Fairbarn, Canadian Northern Railway, Jan. 23, 1915, MCP, box 3, file 4; MCP, box 3, file 9
36. Wise to Sir George E. Foster, June 3, 1915, MCP box 3, file 4
37. MCP, box 5, files 5–9
38. Wise to Macmillan, Oct. 22, 1917, MCP, box 6, file 22
39. Macmillan to Wise, June 5, 1917, MCP, box 6, file 22
40. Brett to Macmillan, May 10, 1918, MA, Add. Mss. 54824
41. Wise to Brett, Jan. 10, 1919, MCP, box 3, file 2
42. Biographical material on John C. Saul is drawn from W. Stewart Wallace, The Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography, 3rd ed., revised and enlarged (London and Toronto: Macmillan, 1963), 669; Henry James Morgan, ed., The Canadian Men and Women of the Time, 2nd ed. (Toronto: William Briggs, 1912), 993; Sir Charles G.D. Roberts and Arthur Leonard Tunnell, eds., The Canadian Who’s Who, Volume II: 1936– 1937 (Toronto: Trans-Canada Press, 1938), 966; Hugh Morrison, “Poets Furnish Him With a Hobby,” Star Weekly, Oct. 10, 1936.
43. For a complete list of these textbooks, see the records of the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions, National Library of Canada, Ottawa.
44. Wise to Brett, Feb. 6, 1919, MCP
45. Saul to Wise, June 22, 1917, MCP
46. Saul to Wise, July 17, 1917, MCP
47. Saul to Wise, July 25, 1917, MCP
48. Saul to Wise, Feb. 3, 1918, MCP
49. Saul to Wise, Feb. 11, 1918, MCP
50. Saul to Wise, July 20, 1918, MCP
51. Saul to Wise, Aug. 20, 1918, MCP
1. Samuel Hynes, A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture (London: Bodley Head, 1990), 313
2. As work on The Outline of History progressed, Wells continued to revise his estimates of the final length upward, suggesting that it might total 250,000 or 300,000 words. In the first American edition, a typical full page of print consistently contains over 400 words. Even taking into account space for illustrations, the 1,324 pages of the two volumes would contain a half-million words or more.
3. See, for example, Mackenzie, 319–21.
4. Henry S. Canby to Wells (undated but judged in the record to be July 16, 1918), “Proceedings,” 406. Canby may have suggested to Wells at that time that he write a history of the Anglo-Saxon peoples. In his history of American publishing, John Tebbel speculates that Brett had suggested the project to Wells five years earlier. See Tebbel, A History of Book Publishing in the United States, Volume III: The Golden Age Between Two Wars 1920– 1940 (New York and London: R.R. Bowker, 1978), 33–4.
5. Wells in Love, 100–1
6. Coren, 109
7. See “Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray (1847–1929),” in Dictionary of National Biography, 1922– 1930, J.R.H. Weaver, ed. (London: Oxford University Press, 1937), 481–3. Unless otherwise noted, biographical material on Lankester is drawn from this source. See also Ray Lankester, ed., A Treatise on Zoology, 8 volumes (London: Black, 1900); Zoological Articles contributed to the “Encyclopedia Britannica” (London: Black, 1891), 195; “Sir Ray Lankester,” British Library, Add. Mss. 55219.
8. Experiment, 396
9. Lankester to Wells, Oct. 11, 1917; also Dec. 8, 1917: WC, L-55/2. Sir Ray was especially fond of Jane, and the feeling seems to have been mutual. His correspondence with the Wellses dates from 1901 (L-55/1, 1901–1916), but the bulk was written during the war and shortly after. Of the forty-five letters to the Wellses between 1917 and 1920 (L-55/2), most are to Jane.
10. Lankester to Wells, Sept. 23, 1918, WC, L-55/2; Lankester to Wells, Oct. 2, 1918, “Proceedings,” 406
11. Lankester to Wells, Nov. 4, 1918, Nov. 8, 1918; Lankester to Jane Wells, Nov. 24, 1918: WC, L-55/2
12. “Johnston, Sir Harry Hamilton (1858–1927),” Dictionary of National Biography, 1922– 1930, 456. Unless otherwise noted, biographical information on Johnston is from this source (456–8).
13. Sir Harry Johnston, The Story of My Life (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929), 489; Wells, Joan and Peter: The Story of an Education (New York: Macmillan, 1918), 212, 214
14. See Roland Oliver, Sir Harry Johnston and the Scramble for Africa (London: Chatto and Windus, 1959), 356.
15. See file “Johnston, Sir Harry Hamilton. 1916–1919,” WC, J-105/1, especially Johnston to Wells, Mar. 12, 1917, and Jan. 17, 1918.
16. Johnston, Story of My Life, 489; letters in WC, J-105/1
17. Sir Harry Johnston, The Gay-Dombeys: A Novel (New York: Macmillan, 1919). A great admirer of Dickens, Sir Harry wrote his novel as a continuation of Dombey and Sons into modern times. Wells contributed an appreciative foreword.
18. Johnston, Story of My Life, 494–5
19. Words attributed to Wells in Alex. Johnston, The Life and Times of Sir Harry Johnston (London: Jonathan Cape, 1929), 330
20. “Murray, George Gilbert Aimé (1866–1957),” Dictionary of National Biography, 1951– 1960, 757–61. Unless otherwise noted, biographical details on Murray are from this source.
21. See Francis West, Gilbert Murray: A Life (London and Canberra: Croom Helm, 1984), 179.
22. See Duncan Wilson, Gilbert Murray OM, 1866– 1957 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1987), 219, 253, 255
23. Wells to Murray, n.d., Gilbert Murray Papers, 183/fol. 43–4, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. Archivists of the Bodleian Library estimate that this important letter was written in 1919.
24. Wells to Murray, June 15, 1919, Murray Papers, 39/fol. 139–40
25. Wells to Murray, July 22, 1919, Murray Papers, 39/fol. 203–4
26. Ernest Barker to Gilbert Murray, Nov. 28, 1918, Mar. 10, 1919, Murray Papers, 38/fol. 35 and 39/fol. 24. See “Barker, Sir Ernest (1874–1960),” Dictionary of National Biography 1951– 1960, 62–4, for biographical details.
27. Barker to Wells, Aug. 17, 1919, WC, B-78
28. Outline, I, viii–ix
29. Bennett to Jane Wells, Jan. 22, 1920, in Letters of Arnold Bennett, Volume III: 1916– 1920, James Hepburn, ed. (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), 120–1
30. Outline, I, viii–x
31. Mackenzie, 321
32. “Proceedings,” 236–7
33. Brett to Wise, May 9, 1919, MCP
34. Wise to Brett, May 12, 1919, MCP
35. Lawrence J. Burpee to Deeks, Feb. 8, 1927, DF
36. Brett to Macmillan, June 4, 1919 (with enclosure), MA, Add. Mss. 54824
37. Macmillan to Brett, July 2, 1919, MA, Add. Mss. 54824
38. Brett to Macmillan, May 23, 1919, MA, Add. Mss. 54824; Wise to Brett, July 18, 1919, July 24, 1919: MCP
39. Brett to Wise, Sept. 24, 1919, MCP
40. Wise to Brett, [between Sept. 25 and 28, 1919]; Brett to Wise, Sept. 29, 1919: MCP
41. Brett to Macmillan, Nov. 26, 1919, MA, Add. Mss. 54824; Brett to Wise, Dec. 1, 1919, MCP. Brett may have had his own son – George P. Brett, Jr. – in mind, for the young man had recently joined the firm and had been given 250 shares in its stock. His father had already arranged for him to gain further experience (and perhaps inside information) by transferring him from the Chicago office to Toronto for several months.
42. Wise to Brett, Dec. 1, 1919, MCP
43. “Plagiarism?” 19–20
44. “Plagiarism?” 20
45. Mercer to Brett, May 19, 1920; enclosed with Brett to Macmillan, May 28, 1920, MA, Add. Mss. 54824
46. Brett to Wise, May 27, 1920; Brett to Macmillan, May 28, 1920: MA, Add. Mss. 54824
47. Brett to Wise, [June 1920]; Wise to Brett, July 3, 1920: MCP
48. Brett to Macmillan, Oct. 21, 1920; Macmillan to Wise, Oct. 28, 1920; Brett to Macmillan, Oct. 29, 1920; Brett to Macmillan, Nov. 26, 1920; Brett to Macmillan, Dec. 9, 1920: MA, Add. Mss. 54825; Macmillan to Wise, Nov. 24, 1920, MA, Add. Mss., “Canadian Letter Book: 13 Feb. 1914–May 1923”
49. Brett to Macmillan, Dec. 9, 1920, MA, Add. Mss. 54825
50. Wise to Brett, Jan. 27, 1921; Secretary [Eayrs] to Robert Johnston, of McLaughlin, Johnston, Moorhead & Macaulay, Jan. 31, 1921: MCP
1. “Plagiarism?” 28–9; “Case,” 5
2. “Plagiarism?” 29
3. “Plagiarism?” 29–30
4. See “Web,” 1; and Wells, Outline, I, 6.
5. “Plagiarism?” 34–6; “Comparison,” 1
6. “Comparison,” 1–2
7. “Comparison,” 3
8. “Comparison,” 11; “Plagiarism?” 31
9. “Plagiarism?” 47
10. “Plagiarism?” 49–50
11. “Links,” 5; Tilley, Johnston, Thomson & Parmenter to George S. Deeks, Nov. 30, 1921, DF
12. Canada, An Act Respecting Copyrights, 38 Vict., cap. 88 (1875), and Canada, An Act to Amend the Copyright Act, 63–4 Vict., cap. 25 (1900). Canadian copyright operated within the framework of acts passed by imperial statues in Westminster and the Berne Convention. In 1921, the Canadian parliament passed a new copyright bill, but it did not come into force until Jan. 1, 1924; until then, the 1875 act (as amended) remained in force. See George L. Parker, “The Canadian Author and Publisher in the Twentieth Century,” in William J. Howard, ed., Editor, Author, and Publisher (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969), 33–4; also George L. Parker, “Appendix D: A Selected List of Copyright Acts,” in Parker, The Beginnings of the Book Trade in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985), 312–3.
13. Tilley, Johnston, Thomson & Parmenter to George S. Deeks, Nov. 30, 1921, DF
14. Wells quoted in Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie, “How H.G. Harried His Publishers,” Bookseller (May 26, 1973), 2574
15. Flower to Wells, Nov. 17, 1919, WC, C-122/3; Brett to Wells, Nov. 8, 1918, “Proceedings,” 408
16. Brett to Wells, Dec. 20, 1918; Wells to Brett, [c. Jan. 19, 1919]: “Proceedings,” 413–5, 417
17. Newnes to Wells, Feb. 5, 1919; Wells to Newnes, [c. May 1919]; Newnes to Wells, Aug. 14, 1919: “Proceedings,” 418, 422, 424–5
18. Memorandum of Agreement between Wells and Cassell & Co., Ltd, Jan. 14, 1920, “Proceedings,” 432
19. Mackenzie, 324; “Plagiarism?” 94
20. Wells in Love, 163–5
21. Wells in Love, 103; Gordon Ray, H.G. Wells and Rebecca West (New Haven, Ct.: Yale University Press, 1974), 99–100
22. Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia (New York: Penguin Books, 1999 [1941]), 54. West began this account in 1937.
23. Ray, Wells and West, 100–2
24. Margaret Sanger, Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography (New York: W.W. Norton, 1938), 268. On Anthony Comstock, see Rowland Berthoff, An Unsettled People: Social Order and Disorder in American History (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), 427–8.
25. Sanger, Autobiography, 269–70
26. Mackenzie, 331; Lawrence Lader and Milton Meltzer, Margaret Sanger: Pioneer of Birth Control (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1969), 93–9. See also Emily Taft Douglas, Margaret Sanger: Pioneer of the Future (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970), 142; Madeline Gray, Margaret Sanger: A Biography of the Champion of Birth Control (New York: Richard Marek, 1979), 180.
27. Mackenzie, 330
28. Gray, Sanger, 181
29. Ray, Wells and West, 117
30. Cornelia Otis Skinner and Emily Kimbrough, Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1942), 113–27
31. Skinner, Our Hearts, 120–3
32. Webb quoted in Mackenzie, 335
33. Unidentified and undated testimonial beginning, “As Sir Richard Gregory celebrated his 85th birthday …,” Sir Richard Gregory Papers, University of Sussex, Brighton, box 1, file 7
34. This and other biographical details have been drawn from “Gregory, Sir Richard Arman, baronet (1864–1952),” Dictionary of National Biography 1951– 1960 (London: Oxford University Press, 1971), 433–4; W.H.G. Armytage, Sir Richard Gregory: His Life and Work (London: Macmillan, 1957).
35. Gregory to Wells, Oct. 31, 1918, “Proceedings,” 407–8; Sir Richard Gregory Papers, University of Sussex, Brighton, box 12, file 4
36. Untitled and undated handwritten memorandum from Deeks to R.S. Robertson, DF. Henceforth cited as “memorandum to Robertson.” See also Deeks, “Case,” 6.
37. This account and that of the following four paragraphs are drawn from “Plagiarism?” 53–5.
38. Robert Bothwell, Laying the Foundation: A Century of History at University of Toronto (Toronto: Department of History, University of Toronto, 1991), 47–8, 58
39. Wrong to Falconer, Jan. 13, 1926, University of Toronto Archives, Office of the President, RSIN 0002, box 97
40. Deeks, memorandum to Robertson, 1
41. Deeks, memorandum to Robertson, 1
42. Deeks, memorandum to Robertson, 2
43. Deeks, memorandum to Robertson, 2. While Wallace had not yet published a book with Macmillan of Canada, his relationship to the firm and its editors was a close one for many years. Eventually he became editor of The Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography (Toronto: Macmillan, 1963).
44. Johnston to Catherine Wells, Mar. 15, 1923, WC, J-105/2
45. Ellen Chesler, Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992), 188–9
46. Wells in Love, 104, 136. The description of Gatternigg is from contemporary newspapers.
47. Mackenzie, 335, 338–9
48. Mackenzie, 340; Ray, Wells and West, 131
49. Ray, Wells and West, 137–8
50. Wells in Love, 105
51. Wells in Love, 105–6; Ray, Wells and West, 139–40
52. Ray, Wells and West, 142
53. Ray, Wells and West, 138. Jane’s presence is also claimed in Mackenzie, 340, although Gatternigg is not identified by name. Anthony West asserts that Jane Wells remained at Easton Glebe during the crisis with Gatternigg but provides no documentary evidence for the claim. See Anthony West, H.G. Wells: Aspects of a Life (New York: New American Library, 1984), 98–9.
54. Wrong to Deeks, Apr. 5, 1925, “Reports of experts: Deeks correspondence,” DF
55. Scribner to Deeks, July 16, 1925; Houghton Mifflin (H.R.G.) to Deeks, July 21, 1925; Ginn and Company (E.N. Stevens) to Deeks, Aug. 12, 1925, Aug. 25, 1925: DF
56. Doubleday, Page & Company (Beecher Stowe) to Deeks, July 7, 1925; Little, Brown & Co. (H.T. Jenkins) to Deeks, Sept. 18, 1925: DF
1. Eayrs to Williams, Feb. 10, 1921, MCP
2. See David Young, “The Macmillan Company of Canada in the 1930s,” Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol. 30 (autumn 1995), 119.
3. John Morgan Gray, Fun Tomorrow: Learning to Be a Publisher (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978), 157, 161; Eayrs to Lisgar L. Lang, Nov. 7, 1924, MCP
4. Eayrs to R.J. Fetherton, July 31, 1924, MCP
5. Eayrs to C. Whittaker, July 21, 1921, MCP, box 14, file 4; filed as “Executive Correspondence”
6. “Toronto Writer Asks Wells for Big Sum; Claims ‘Outline of History’ Contains Part of Her Unpublished Work,” Toronto Star, Oct. 15, 1925; “Authoress Here Sues H.G. Wells for $500,000; Claims Outline of History Contains Part of Unpublished Work by Miss Florence A. Deeks,” Toronto Telegram, Oct. 15, 1925
7. See Augustus Bridle, The Story of the Club (Toronto: Arts and Letters Club, 1945), 22–38
8. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 15, 1925, MCP
9. “Miss Deeks’ Suit Over Wells’ Book Causes a Big Stir,” Toronto Star, Oct. 16, 1925
10. Christopher Moore, The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario’s Lawyers, 1797– 1997 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), 156, 204
11. Tilley, Johnston, Thomson & Parmenter to Macmillan Company of Canada Ltd., Oct. 15, 1925, MCP
12. Undated statement signed by Millership and Eayrs, related to a letter from Wise to Eayrs, Apr. 12, 1921, MCP
13. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 16, 1925, MCP
14. Eayrs to Macmillan, Oct. 16, 1925, MCP. I have uncovered no evidence to suggest that Wise was in contact with Deeks. Shortly after the writ was obtained, however, he made contact with her lawyer R.H. Parmenter to offer him, in her words, “any information in his power with regard to our case.” “Case,” DF.
15. Quoted in McLaughlin, Johnston, Moorhead & Macaulay (R.L. Johnston) to Eayrs, Oct. 23, 1925, MCP
16. Eayrs to Macmillan, Oct. 19, 1925, MCP
17. Brett to Eayrs, Oct. 19, 1925, MCP
18. Brett to Wells, Oct. 28, 1925, Oct. 20, 1925: MCP
19. “Wells Knows Nothing About Deeks Claim; Only a Newspaper Story Is Author’s Message Left with Secretary,” Toronto Telegram, Oct. 17, 1925; also “Miss Deeks’ Claim Is News to Wells and Cassels Firm,” Toronto Star, Oct. 17, 1925
20. Biographical details on Burpee have been drawn from entries in The Canadian Who’s Who (Toronto: Musson, 1910), 30–1; Who’s Who in Canada, 1923– 24 (Toronto: International Press, 1924), 332; The Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography, 3rd edition, revised and enlarged, W. Stewart Wallace, ed. (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1963), 95; also from W.S. Wallace, “Lawrence Johnston Burpee (1873–1946),” Canadian Historical Review, Vol. 27, no. 4 (Dec. 1946), 462; Pelham Edgar, “Lawrence J. Burpee (1873–1946),” Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 3rd series, Vol. 41 (Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada, 1947), 115–8.
21. “Mr. Lawrence J. Burpee’s Report,” Jan. 11, 1926, DF, 2
22. “Burpee’s Report,” 3–4
23. Biographical details on Sir Bertram Windle have been drawn from entries in Who Was Who, Volume III: 1929– 30 (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1940), 1474; Who’s Who in Canada, 1923– 24 (Toronto: International, Ltd., 1924), 196.
24. “Sir Bertram Windle Passes Away After Short Illness,” unidentified newspaper clipping in DF. Almost half a century later, he merited inclusion in the third edition of The Macmillan Dictionary of Canadian Biography in 1963.
25. Outline, I, 605; II, 148ff, 492–3
26. Sir Bertram Windle, “The Web and The Outline of History,” [c. spring/summer 1926], DF, 1
27. Windle, “Web and Outline,” 2
28. Windle, “Web and Outline,” 6
29. Windle, “Web and Outline,” 6–7. Windle provided only a close paraphrase of the passage from Deeks; I have substituted for it the actual passage from “Web.” The variant spellings of “Amphictyonies” and “Amphictyonic” are as they appear in the originals.
30. Windle, “Web and Outline,” 3, 18
31. Windle, “Web and Outline,” 9–10
32. Windle to Deeks, Nov. 22, 1926, DF
33. Windle to Deeks, Apr. 13, 1927, DF, attached to “The Web and The Outline of History.” Hector Charlesworth characterized Sir Bertram as a scholar whose gentle nature caused him, in a moment of weakness, to undertake his report. See Charlesworth, I’m Telling You: Being the Further Candid Chronicles of Hector Charlesworth (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1937), 319.
34. “Plagiarism?”
35. Wells to Canby, June 12, 1924, WC. See also Henry Seidel Canby, American Memoir (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947), 253–7.
36. Ogden to Deeks, May 27, 1926, DF (marked “Private”). See also Wells to Canby, June 12, 1924, and July 3, 1924: WC.
37. Canby to Deeks, Apr. 6, 1926, DF
38. Ogden to Deeks (marked “Private”), May 27, 1926, DF
39. Ogden to Deeks (marked “Private”), May 27, 1926, DF
40. I.A. Richards, “A Report Upon Certain Resemblances Between The Outline of History and The Web,” [c. June 1926], DF, 38–40
41. Richards, “Certain Resemblances,” 40–1
42. Richards, “Certain Resemblances,” 41
43. Richards, “Certain Resemblances,” 42
44. Richards, “Certain Resemblances,” 42–6
45. Richards, “Certain Resemblances,” 46, 48
46. Leach, Ogden, Richards, and Canby to Wells, June 26, 1926; Ogden to Wells, June 26, 1926: WC. A copy of the former can also be found in DF, accompanied by a handwritten note: “June 26 – Copy. Mr. Wells does not know we have this.”
47. Ogden to Wells, Sept. 16, 1926 (marked “Private and Confidential”), WC
48. Barnes to Deeks, Nov. 2, 1926, Dec. 18, 1926: DF
49. Barnes to Deeks, Dec. 18, 1926, Dec. 31, 1926, Jan. 21, 1927: DF. On Dec. 31, 1926, he wrote to Deeks: “I did not want you to assume from what I said that I am a personal friend of Wells or have any personal relations with him. What I meant was that I am so engaged in a deadly battle with the more conservative and reactionary group of American historians that I should not want to come out personally as a critic of Mr. Wells who has endeared himself to the more progressive of American historians, upon whom I have to rely for support.” By 1928, with the case well under way, Barnes insisted to Deeks that his correspondence with her remain confidential and unconnected to her case. Barnes to Deeks, Apr. 27, 1928, DF.
1. “Case,” DF
2. Johnston, Grant, Dods & Macdonald (P.E.F. Smily) to Deeks, June 6, 1928, Nov. 21, 1928, Dec. 10, 1928: DF. Such expenses included $500 in June 1928 to retain counsel in England; the same amount for the same purpose in November; $100 in December to cover legal expenses in New York and to retain counsel there for the examination of witnesses from Macmillan, such as Brett.
3. Wells to West, [autumn 1923], quoted in Gordon N. Ray, H.G. Wells and Rebecca West (New Haven, Ct.: Yale University Press, 1974), 146; Mackenzie, 342
4. Wells in Love, 124
5. Wells in Love, 125; Mackenzie, 342
6. Wells in Love, 125
7. Wells in Love, 116, 128–9; Mackenzie, 343. The most sustained secondary account of the stormy relationship between Odette Keun and Wells is in Anthony West, H.G. Wells: Aspects of a Life (New York: New American Library, 1984), 107–12ff.
8. Wells, The World of William Clissold: A Novel at a New Angle, 2 volumes (New York: George H. Doran, 1926), II, 494, 541
9. Wells, Clissold, II, 385–7, 397–8, 468, 477–80, 494–5, 524, 533
10. Wells, Clissold, II, 388, 408, 475–6, 500–1, 537, 538–9
11. Mackenzie, 345
12. Eayrs to Macmillan, Sept. 8, 1927; Eayrs to Brett, Sept. 14, 1927; Brett to Eayrs, Sept. 16, 1927; Eayrs to Brett, Sept. 16, 1927: MCP
13. Wells, “Memorandum of the Case of The Web,” attached to letter of Wells to Brett, Oct. 29, 1925, “Proceedings,” 455
14. Macmillan to Eayrs, Sept. 23, 1927, MCP; Fiske to Wells, Sept. 26, 1927, WC. In several instances, copies of correspondence from Wells to his solicitors, mentioned in the return correspondence, appear not to have been kept. I have been unable to locate Wells letters of Sept. 23, 1927, and Jan. 1, 1928, in the otherwise extensive WC. (See Fiske to Wells, Sept. 26, 1927, and Jan. 5, 1928.)
15. Eayrs to Brett, Sept. 16, 1927; Brett to Eayrs, Sept. 20, 1927: MCP
16. Brett to Eayrs, Sept. 28, 1927, MCP. MacIver’s “Confidential Memorandum,” unsigned but acknowledged in Brett’s letter, is attached to it.
17. Eayrs to Brett, Sept. 30, 1927, MCP
18. Eayrs to McLaughlin, Sept. 30, 1927, MCP. Emphasis in original.
19. Brett to Eayrs, Sept. 30, 1927, MCP
20. Eayrs to McLaughlin, Oct. 1, 1927, MCP
21. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 5, 1927, MCP
22. Wrong to Falconer, Jan. 13, 1926, University of Toronto Archives, Office of the President, RSIN 0002, box 97. In the same collection see also Wrong to Falconer, Jan. 7, 1926.
23. Mackenzie, 345; Dickson, 294; Coren, 183
24. Mackenzie, 345
25. The main forum for Belloc’s criticism of Outline is in some dispute. Mackenzie (348) asserts that it was the Roman Catholic weekly the Universe; Coren (161–2) claims it was the London Mercury and the Dublin Review.
26. See Joseph Pearce, Wisdom and Experience: A Life of G.K. Chesterton (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1996), 303–11.
27. Quoted in Coren, 165
28. Coren, 163–9
29. Mackenzie, 349
30. Wells, Clissold, II, 485–6
31. See Wells, Clissold, II, 440, 486.
32. Quoted in Mackenzie, 351
33. Quoted in Mackenzie, 351
34. Catherine, 36–7
35. Catherine, 40
36. Mackenzie, 353
37. Catherine, 35
38. Catherine, 6. For example, Lovat Dickson: “His preface goes as far as we need to follow in understanding what troubled these two lives and yet held them together for over thirty years.” Dickson, 295. An exception is Michael Foot, who devotes a brief paragraph to the way Catherine’s poems “expressed the anguish he had caused her.” Foot, 213.
39. Hitchcock to Eayrs, Oct. 6, 1927; Eayrs to Hitchcock, Oct. 3, 1927: MCP
40. McCormick to Windle, Oct. 6, 1927; Hitchcock to Eayrs, Oct. 11, 1927: MCP
41. Windle to McCormick, Oct. 8, 1927, MCP (marked “Private and Confidential”)
42. Eayrs to Hitchcock, Oct. 13, 1927; Hitchcock to Eayrs, Oct. 11, 1927: MCP
43. Eayrs to McLaughlin, Oct. 21, 1927; Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 10, 1927: MCP
44. Brett to Eayrs, Oct. 24, 1927, MCP
1. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 12, 1927, MCP
2. “Argument,” 15
3. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 12, 1927, MCP
4. Brett to Wells, Apr. 13, 1928, MCP
5. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 19, 1928, MCP
6. Eayrs to Saul, Nov. 4, 1928, MCP. The Saul memorandum, entitled “Deeks vs. Wells. Memorandum relative to the correspondence and conversation of Mr. J.H. [sic] Saul, the editor of The Macmillan Company of Canada with Miss Florence Deeks in reference to the manuscript ‘The Web,’ ” was attached to McLaughlin to Eayrs, Dec. 21, 1928, MCP.
7. See Peter Novick, That Noble Dream: The “Objectivity Question” and the American Historical Profession (Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 214–9. See also Ernst A. Breisach, American Progressive History: An Experiment in Modernization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).
8. Barnes to Deeks, Jan. 21, 1927, DF; Keenleyside to Eayrs, Apr. 4, 1928, MCP; Barnes to Deeks, Apr. 27, 1927, DF; Gedge, Fiske & Gedge to Wells, Apr. 11, 1928, WC
9. Hitchcock to Eayrs, Apr. 11, 1928; Eayrs to Hitchcock, Apr. 13, 1928; Hitchcock to Eayrs, July 10, 1928: MCP
10. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Jan. 24, 1928; Eayrs to Hitchcock, Jan. 26, 1928: MCP
11. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Feb. 24, 1928, MCP
12. Eayrs to Macmillan, Feb. 25, 1928, MCP
13. Gedge, Fiske & Gedge (W. Sanders Fiske) to Wells, Feb. 28, 1928, WC
14. Fiske to Wells, Mar. 12, 1928, WC
15. Wells to Brett, Mar. 14, 1928, enclosed with McLaughlin to Eayrs, Apr. 12, 1928, MCP.
16. Gedge, Fiske & Gedge to Macmillan and Company, Toronto, Apr. 25, 1928, MCP
17. McLaughlin to Macmillan New York, Office of the President (“Attention Mr. Hitchcock”), Apr. 10, 1928, MCP
18. Eayrs to Brett, Apr. 12, 1928, with which is enclosed Wells to Brett, Mar. 14, 1928, MCP; Johnston, Grant, Dods & Macdonald to Deeks, May 28, 1928, June 19, 1928: DF
19. “Plagiarism?” 92
20. Fiske to Wells, July 24, 1928, WC; Johnston, Grant, Dods & Macdonald (P.E.F. Smily) to Deeks, Sept. 28, 1928, DF
21. “Apparently it [Outline] is a very bulky document, being completely written by Mr. Wells, and is valued by Mr. Wells at $100,000. Mr. Wells was mortally afraid that souvenir hunters might remove pages from time to time as souvenirs, and Mr. Elliott, therefore, arranged to have the document sealed by the Court only to be opened in the presence of Mr. Wells’s solicitor.” McLaughlin to Hitchcock, Nov. 3, 1928, MCP.
22. “Case,” 17
23. “Links,” 6–7. Walter Arthur Copinger (1847–1910) published The Law of Copyright, in Works of Literature and Art in 1870. In an 11th edition, it exists as Copinger and Skene James on Copyright, Including International Copyright (London: Sweet and Maxwell, 1971).
24. “Case,” 17
25. “Links,” 8–9
26. Eayrs to Macmillan, Nov. 21, 1927; Eayrs to Brett, Nov. 21, 1927; Brett to Eayrs, Nov. 23, 1927; Eayrs to Brett, Nov. 25, 1927: MCP
27. Eayrs to Brett, May 14, 1928, MCP
28. “Case,” 15
29. “Proceedings,” 22–5. Throughout the trial transcript, the name Macmillan is misspelled as “McMillan.” I have corrected this and other similar minor errors.
30. “Proceedings,” 26
31. “Proceedings,” 26–7
32. “Proceedings,” 27–8
33. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 19, 1928, Nov. 3, 1928; Eayrs to Macmillan, Nov. 26, 1928: MCP
34. Smily to Deeks, Nov. 21, 1928, Dec. 10, 1928: DF
35. Grant to Deeks, Jan. 24, 1929, DF
36. Eayrs to Macmillan, Feb. 14, 1929, MCP
37. Untitled and undated handwritten memorandum from Deeks to R.S. Robertson, DF
38. Elliott, Hume, McKague, & Anger to McLaughlin, Johnston, Moorhead & Macaulay, Apr. 23, 1929; Brett to Eayrs, Apr. 30, 1929; McLaughlin to Eayrs, May 1, 1929: MCP
39. “Plagiarism?” 95
40. “Plagiarism?” 95; “Case”
41. “Plagiarism?” 96; “Case.” For the Law Society Hall location, see Fiske to Wells, June 13, 1929, WC.
42. “Case”
43. “Case”; Experiment, 620
44. Murray to Wells, June 21, 1929, July 13, 1929; Wells to Murray, July 16, 1929: WC
45. “Plagiarism?” 97–103; “Case”
46. “Case”
47. McLaughlin spells the name “Durant,” but it is clear that Laura Durand is the person in question.
48. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Sept. 14, 1929, MCP
49. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Sept. 14, 1929; Eayrs to McLaughlin, Sept. 17, 1929: MCP
50. Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 7, 1929, MCP
51. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Oct. 4, 1929; Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 7, 1929; Brett to Eayrs, Oct. 9, 1929; Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 11, 1929: MCP
52. Eayrs to McLaughlin, Oct. 31, 1929; Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 22, 1929; Brett to Eayrs, Oct. 23, 1929; Eayrs to McLaughlin, Oct. 31, 1929: MCP; also Fiske to Mrs. [G.P.] Wells, Nov. 18, 1929; Elliott to Gedge, Fiske & Gedge, Dec. 19, 1929: WC
53. Eayrs to Macmillan, Mar. 10, 1930, MCP
54. Elliott to Gedge, Fiske & Gedge, Mar. 11, 1930, WC
55. Brett to Wells, Mar. 17, 1930, WC; Maurice H. Macmillan to Brett, Apr. 11, 1930, May 16, 1930: MA; unknown member of parliament to J. Ramsay MacDonald, Apr. 15, 1930, copy in Sir Richard Gregory Papers, University of Sussex, Brighton
56. See “Railroad Builder Dead,” Toronto Telegram, May 2, 1930; “Pioneer Engineer George Deeks Dead; Noted Railway Builder Requested He Be Buried Without Publicity,” Toronto Star, May 2, 1930; Toronto Globe, May 3, 1930.
57. Biographical details derived from clippings in University of Toronto Archives. See files on George Campbell Deeks, A73-0026/081(65); Douglas Burk Deeks, A73-0026/081(63); Edward R. Deeks, A73-0026/081(64).
1. The term “bencher” is used by the Law Society of Upper Canada to designate members of its governing body; in use since the founding of the Law Society in 1797, it was borrowed from the English Inns of Court, “which once reserved benches in their dining-halls for their governing members.” See Christopher Moore, The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario’s Lawyers 1797– 1997 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), 343; Robert L. Gowe, “Osgoode Hall, Century Old Mystery,” Toronto Telegram, Sept. 12, 1931.
2. See George A. Johnston, Q.C., Osgoode Hall Lore (Toronto: Law Society of Upper Canada, 1955), esp. 7–11.
3. Biographical details are drawn from records of the Ontario Bar Biographical Research Project, in the Archives of the Law Society of Upper Canada, Osgoode Hall, Toronto.
4. Randall White, Too Good to Be True: Toronto in the 1920s (Toronto and Oxford: Dundurn Press, 1993), 30, 61, 159; see also Peter Oliver, “The New Order: W.E. Raney and the Politics of ‘Uplift,’ ” in Oliver, Public and Private Persons: The Ontario Political Culture 1914– 1934 (Toronto and Vancouver: Clarke, Irwin, 1975), 65–90.
5. “Proceedings,” 17–20
6. “Proceedings,” 21
7. “Proceedings,” 42–4
8. “Proceedings,” 44–50
9. “Proceedings,” 58
10. “Proceedings,” 59–60
11. “Proceedings,” 63
12. “Proceedings,” 63
13. “Proceedings,” 64–7
14. “Proceedings,” 68
15. “Proceedings,” 70–1
16. “Proceedings,” 71
17. “Proceedings,” 74
18. “Proceedings,” 75–6
19. “Proceedings,” 77
20. “Proceedings,” 78–9
21. “Proceedings,” 282
22. “Proceedings,” 83–5
23. “Proceedings,” 95–6
24. “Proceedings,” 97
25. “Proceedings,” 98
26. Biographical information on William A. Irwin is drawn from the biographical files collection of the United Church of Canada Archives, Victoria University in the University of Toronto.
27. “Proceedings,” 98
28. “Proceedings,” 99
29. “Proceedings,” 100–1
30. “Proceedings,” 101–2
31. “Proceedings,” 102
32. “Proceedings,” 104–5
33. “Proceedings,” 105–6
34. “Proceedings,” 107–10
35. Toronto Star, June 3, 1930
36. Eayrs to Macmillan, June 3, 1930, MCP
37. “Proceedings,” 111–3
38. “Proceedings,” 115
39. “Proceedings,” 116–7
40. “Proceedings,” 117–8
41. “Proceedings,” 118–9
42. “Proceedings,” 121–2
43. “Proceedings,” 123
44. “Proceedings,” 124–5
45. “Proceedings,” 126
46. “Proceedings,” 128–9
47. “Proceedings,” 133
48. “Proceedings,” 135
49. “Proceedings,” 142–4
50. “Proceedings,” 144
51. “Proceedings,” 144
52. “Proceedings,” 145
53. “Proceedings,” 147–56
54. “Proceedings,” 156–8
55. Hector Charlesworth, I’m Telling You: Being the Further Candid Chronicles of Hector Charlesworth (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1937), 229–30
1. At the bottom of the first page of Burpee’s testimony in her copy of “Proceedings,” Florence wrote: “Mr. Burpee was ill at this time but made a special effort to come to the court to testify.” (158)
2. “Proceedings,” 158–9
3. “Proceedings,” 159
4. “Proceedings,” 160
5. “Proceedings,” 161–2
6. “Proceedings,” 163–8
7. “Proceedings,” 169
8. “Proceedings,” 169–70
9. “Proceedings,” 170–1
10. “Proceedings,” 173–4
11. “Proceedings,” 175–9. The common date of 800 AD as the origin of the Holy Roman Empire came from the following passage in James Bryce’s book The Holy Roman Empire (new edition, enlarged and revised, New York: Macmillan, 1904): “The Holy Roman Empire, taking the name in the sense which it commonly bore in later centuries, as denoting the sovereignty of Germany and Italy vested in a Germanic prince, is the creation of Otto the Great. Substantially, it is true, as well as technically, it was a prolongation of the Empire of Charles; and it rested … upon ideas essentially the same as those which brought about the coronation of A.D. 800.” (p. 80) The passage begins with the phrase “Holy Roman Empire” and ends with the date 800 AD, but the direct relationship between the two is contradicted by the statement that the empire was “the creation of Otto the Great.” That Bryce had 962 AD, the date of the crowning of Otto in the church of St. John Lateran by John XII, in mind is clearly indicated on the final page of the relevant chapter. In this respect, Wells and Deeks were equally sloppy in their initial research.
12. “Proceedings,” 179. For details on Brett, Innis, and Cochrane, see A.B. McKillop, Matters of Mind: The University in Ontario, 1791– 1951 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press for the Ontario Historical Studies Series, 1994).
13. “Proceedings,” 180
14. “Proceedings,” 181
15. “Proceedings,” 182–3
16. “Proceedings,” 184
17. “Proceedings,” 185. See also “Says Wells Hadn’t Time Without Use of ‘The Web’ – Prof. G.S. Brett Testifies Nine Months Impossible for ‘Outline’ Without Access to Miss Deek’s [sic] Work,” Toronto Telegram, June 5, 1930; Hector Charlesworth, I’m Telling You: Being the Further Candid Chronicles of Hector Charlesworth (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1937), 331.
18. “Proceedings,” 186
19. “Proceedings,” 186–90
20. W.A. Irwin, “With What Judgment You Judge: A Study in Judicial Efficiency” (1956), 108, copy in DF
21. “Proceedings,” 254–7
22. “Proceedings,” 260
23. “Proceedings,” 266
24. “Proceedings,” 260
25. “Proceedings,” 261
26. “Proceedings,” 261–2
27. “Proceedings,” 193–4
28. “Proceedings,” 196–7, 199–203
29. “Proceedings,” 205
30. “Proceedings,” 206, 208–9, 210–3
31. “Proceedings,” 215–6
32. “Proceedings,” 225–6
33. “Proceedings,” 239
34. “Proceedings,” 239–40
35. “Proceedings,” 240
36. “Proceedings,” 242–5, 248
37. “Proceedings,” 249–50
38. “Proceedings,” 250. Wells’s testimony concerning the date he first heard of Deeks and her manuscript is at this page. In the margin of this page in Deeks’s copy of “Proceedings,” she had written: “Perjury.”
39. “Proceedings,” 252
40. “Proceedings,” 266–9
41. Wise to Gregory, Dec. 20, 1917, Sir Richard Gregory Papers, University of Sussex, Brighton, Vol. 3, file 9
42. “Wells Places Resemblance to a Common Obvious Idea; Author’s Testimony Taken in England Is Read at Trial Here,” Toronto Star, June 5, 1930
43. “Proceedings,” 269–70
44. “Proceedings,” 271
45. “Proceedings,” 271
46. “Case”
47. See Archives of Ontario, Toronto: Supreme Court of Ontario Criminal Indictment file RG 22-392-0-9386. See also the entry for Wise in the Convict Register and Description Book, Kingston Penitentiary, in the Correctional Service of Canada Museum, Collins Bay, Ontario.
48. “Proceedings,” 272
49. “Proceedings,” 275–6
50. “Proceedings,” 276
51. “Proceedings,” 277–8
52. “Proceedings,” 279–80
53. “Proceedings,” 280–2
54. “Proceedings,” 282
55. Irwin, “With What Judgment,” 24
56. Irwin, “With What Judgment,” 26–7
57. “Proceedings,” 284–5
58. “Proceedings,” 286–7
59. Irwin, “With What Judgment,” 23–4
60. “Proceedings,” 288
61. “Proceedings,” 288–9
62. For biographical details and an account of this phase of the academic career of Frank Underhill, see McKillop, Matters of Mind, 377–401.
63. “Proceedings,” 290
64. “Proceedings,” 290
65. “Proceedings,” 291–3
66. “Proceedings,” 293
67. “Proceedings,” 294
68. “Proceedings,” 295–9
69. “Proceedings,” 301
70. This statement is not as wildly speculative as it may seem. The Frank H. Underhill Library of the Department of History, Carleton University, Ottawa, had its beginnings with Underhill’s bequest of his personal library to the department. It holds the copy of The Outline of History (New York edition, 1920) Underhill used to prepare his testimony. His habit was to underline key passages in his books, and to make marginal annotations and write key page numbers (and passing thoughts) on their inside covers. I have carefully examined the degree of such annotation, which is slight given the task at hand. It is no greater, and perhaps less extensive, than that in other books in his personal library (for example, Graham Wallas, The Great Society). Underhill did take some notes and submitted them to the office of counsel to Macmillan of Canada. At trial, he had a memorandum at his disposal, prepared by McLaughlin’s law firm (“Proceedings,” 302). Neither MCP nor the Frank H. Underhill Papers in the National Archives of Canada contain any written memorandum that might have served as the basis of his testimony.
71. Underhill’s outspoken views would soon make him a figure central to the history of academic freedom in Canada. See McKillop, Matters of Mind, 363–401, 541–3.
72. “Proceedings,” 303–4
73. “Proceedings,” 305
74. “Proceedings,” 305–6
75. “Proceedings,” 306–7
76. “Proceedings,” 306–7
77. “Proceedings,” 308–9
78. “Proceedings,” 310
79. “Proceedings,” 311–2
80. “Proceedings,” 314–5
81. “Proceedings,” 317. For an overview of the attitudes of Underhill and other male Canadian historians towards women in the historical profession, see Donald Wright, “Gender and the Professionalization of History in English Canada before 1960,” Canadian Historical Review, Vol. 81, no. 1 (March 2000), 29–66.
1. McLaughlin to Eayrs, June 7, 1930, MCP
2. McLaughlin to Eayrs, June 13, 1930, MCP
3. McLaughlin to Eayrs, June 27, 1930, MCP
4. “Links,” 13
5. Eayrs to Macmillan, Sept. 13, 1930; Eayrs to Jennings, Sept. 15, 1930; Eayrs to Macmillan, June 6, 1930: MCP
6. Eayrs to Brett, Sept. 17, 1930, MCP
7. “Links,” 13
8. “Reasons for Judgment of the Honourable Mr. Justice Raney,” Sept. 27, 1930, “Proceedings,” 368
9. “Proceedings,” 369–70
10. “Proceedings,” 370–75
11. “Proceedings,” 376
12. “Case,” 170
13. “Case,” 172–3. Counsel for Deeks registered the appeal on Oct. 6, 1930, on the grounds that “the judgement was contrary to law and evidence and the weight of evidence.” Ten reasons were given (180). The notice of appeal is in “Proceedings,” 377–8.
14. Fiske to Wells, Sept. 22, 1930, Oct. 1, 1930: WC
15. Fiske to Wells, Oct. 10, 1930, Oct. 13, 1930: WC; “Five Years’ Litigation Against Wells Fails; Miss Deeks’ Action for $500,000 is Dismissed in Judgment. Sees No Plagiarism. Suit Should Never Have Been Brought, Justice Raney Declares,” Toronto Mail and Empire, Sept. 29, 1930. In his Oct. 10 letter, Fiske misrepresented the association’s name: Burpee had been secretary of the Canadian Authors’ Association.
16. Eayrs to A. Klugh, Oct. 13, 1930; Eayrs to Brett, Oct. 13, 1930: MCP; Fiske to Wells, Oct. 28, 1930, WC
17. Eayrs to McLaughlin, Nov. 19, 1930; McLaughlin to Eayrs, Nov. 24, 1930; Brett to Eayrs, Nov. 21, 1930; Eayrs to Brett, Dec. 10, 1930: MCP
18. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Feb. 24, 1931; McLaughlin to George P. Brett, Jr., Mar. 10, 1931, Apr. 2, 1931: MCP. Henceforth, Eayrs’s correspondence with the New York branch of Macmillan was usually with Brett, Jr.
19. “Contractor Leaves $842,609; Widow, Sons, Sisters Share; Sons of George S. Deeks Come Into Inheritance at Age of 24; Further $5,000 Annuity at 30, Provision for $12,000 a Year for Widow,” Toronto Telegram, June 17, 1930
20. Mabel Deeks wrote letters from London, England, to relatives at home in Toronto. Some of these will be cited towards the conclusion of this chapter.
21. “Case,” 180
22. “Case,” 180
23. “Links,” 13
24. “Case,” 180
25. Biographical details have been drawn from the Ontario Bar Biographical Research Project of the Law Society of Upper Canada. See also Hilary Bates Neary, “William Renwick Riddell: Judge, Ontario Publicist and Man of Letters,” Law Society of Upper Canada Gazette, Vol. XI, 3 (Sept. 1977), 144–74.
26. Quoted in Cecilia Morgan, “ ‘An Embarrassingly and Severely Masculine Atmosphere’: Women, Gender and the Legal Profession at Osgoode Hall, 1920s–1960s,” Canadian Journal of Law and Society, Vol. 11, 2 (fall 1996), 31. See also Christopher Moore, The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario’s Lawyers, 1797– 1997 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), 202.
27. See Valerie Knowles, First Person: A Biography of Cairine Wilson, Canada’s First Woman Senator (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1988), for details concerning the “Persons Case.”
28. “Argument,” 115. A note in Deeks’s handwriting on the cover of this document reads: “Before the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Ontario.” The text of the lengthy document indicates, however, that it was revised for oral presentation to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
29. “Links,” 14; “Case,” 181
30. “Argument,” 89
31. “Argument,” 2, 24, 30–1, 55, 70, 73, 83, 109, 114
32. “Case,” 181. I have made minor changes in punctuation in the transcription of these exchanges.
33. “Argument,” 100–3
34. “Argument,” 104–7
35. “Argument,” 107–11
36. “Argument,” 111
37. “Argument,” 111. Putman’s letter to Deeks was dated Jan. 30, 1931.
38. “Argument,” 112–3
39. Eayrs to Macmillan, May 15, 1931, MCP; Ogden to Wells, June 30, 1931, WC
40. “Proceedings,” 380–92
41. “Case,” 190
42. Eayrs to Macmillan, Aug. 27, 1931; Eayrs to Brett, Sept. 2, 1931: MCP
43. Fiske to Wells, Sept. 3, 1931, WC. Wells recorded his reply in his own script at the bottom of this letter.
44. Fiske to Mrs. [G.P.] Wells, Sept. 16, 1931, WC; Eayrs to McLaughlin, Oct. 13, 1931; McLaughlin to Eayrs, Oct. 15, 1931: MCP
45. Brett, Jr., to Eayrs, Oct. 19, 1931, MCP
46. “Case,” 191; Eayrs to Macmillan, MCP
47. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Oct. 29, 1931; Eayrs to Brett, Jr., Nov. 10, 1931: MCP
48. Spry to Eayrs, Dec. 16, 1931; Eayrs to Spry, Dec. 17, 1931; Eayrs to McLaughlin, Dec. 17, 1931; McLaughlin to Eayrs, Dec. 21, 1931; Eayrs to Spry, Dec. 22, 1931: MCP
49. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Feb. 5, 1932; Eayrs to Brett, Jr., Feb. 19, 1932: MCP
50. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Feb. 20, 1932, Feb. 27, 1932: MCP
51. Elliott, Hume, McKague & Anger to Gedge, Fiske & Gedge, Feb. 25, 1932; Fiske to Mrs. [G.P.] Wells, Mar. 9, 1932: WC
1. “Case,” 192–3
2. “A barrister was entitled to plead cases at the bar of the superior courts of common law. An attorney was entitled to represent others in court business, but not to plead cases. ‘Counsel’ and ‘solicitor’ were equivalents of ‘barrister’ and ‘attorney’ in the court of Chancery.” Christopher Moore, The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario’s Lawyers 1797– 1997 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), 344.
3. “Case,” 194
4. “Case,” 195. See also David M. Walker, The Oxford Companion to Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 672–3; Coen G. Pierson, Canada and the Privy Council (London: Stevens & Sons, 1960).
5. “Case,” 197–8
6. “Case,” 195
7. “Case,” 202–3
8. “Case,” 205–6
9. “Case,” 206–8
10. See Daniel Macmillan to Eayrs, Nov. 10, 1931; Eayrs to Daniel Macmillan, Nov. 10, 1931; Eayrs to Arthur Macmillan, Nov. 10, 1931; Eayrs to Brett, Jr., Nov. 10, 1931; Brett, Jr., to Eayrs, Nov. 12, 1931; Arthur Macmillan to Eayrs, Nov. 23, 1931: MCP
11. “Case,” 211–2
12. “Case,” 212
13. “Case,” 212–3
14. Mabel Deeks to “Dear Charlie and Everyone,” Nov. 5, 1932, DF
15. Mabel Deeks to Jessica [?], Nov. 24, 1932, DF. This correspondence appears to have been with a niece.
16. Mabel Deeks, letter fragment beginning: “Here is a copy of a letter we got this morning.” DF. The document is marked with a tag saying “1933,” but internal evidence (“I think we will try to run down to Brighton on Saturday”) suggests that it was written on approximately Dec. 20, 1932.
17. Decidedly unconventional as well: among his several books (usually self-published) are Harwood’s Easy Lessons on Astrology: Giving Detailed Instructions on How to Cast and Read a Horoscope (Brighton: P.J. Harwood, 1932); The Re-Organization of the State, in Relation to the Present Crisis (Brighton: P.J. Harwood, 1932); When the War Will End: An Astrological Almanac (Brighton: P.J. Harwood, 1941); and When Will Peace Come? (Brighton: P.J. Harwood, 1945). Independent of the question of whether his book on the solar system had come to be used by Wells, it seems clear that Harwood saw himself as fulfilling a prophetic, even “Wellsian” role.
18. See Bulletin and Scots Pictorial, Oct. 19, 1932; Daily Herald, Nov. 1, 1932; Daily Mirror, Nov. 2, 1932.
19. Mabel Deeks to “Annie & all,” Dec. 5, 1932, DF
20. Wells to Gedge, Oct. 19, 1932, Nov. 4, 1932: WC; Macmillan to Eayrs [telegram], Nov. 3, 1932, MCP
21. Kennedy to Wells, Nov. 6, 1932; Wells to Kennedy, Nov. 8, 1932: WC
22. Kennedy to Wells, Nov. 8, 1932; Wells to Kennedy, Dec. 5, 1932: WC
23. Elliott, Hume, McKague & Anger to Gedge, Fiske & Gedge, Dec. 21, 1932, WC
24. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Dec. 27, 1932, MCP
25. Eayrs to Brett, Jr., Dec. 28, 1932, MCP
26. Eayrs to Brett, Jr., Jan. 5, 1933; Brett, Jr., to Eayrs, Jan. 30, 1933: MCP
27. Paragraphs concerning the Privy Council decision are drawn from Dominion Law Reports: [1933] 1 D.L.R., 353–9.
28. “Case,” 230
29. “Case,” 230
30. Mabel Deeks to “Dear Ann,” [between Dec. 5 and 20, 1932], Aug. 26, 1933, DF
31. Mabel Deeks to “Charlie & all,” Feb. 15, 1933, DF
32. Mabel Deeks to: “Dear Ann & all,” [Jan. 1933]; “Dear Everyone,” [Jan. 1933]; “Dear Ann & all,” Feb. 2, 1933; “Dear Ann & everyone,” Mar. 8, 1933; “Dear Ann & all,” Mar. 21, 1933: DF
33. Mabel Deeks to “Dear Ann and all,” Mar. 21, 1933, DF
34. “Case,” 233–7
35. “Case,” 237. The text of the letter is reproduced in this source.
36. Neish to Deeks, Apr. 10, 1933; Deeks to Neish, Apr. 12, 1933: DF
37. Eayrs to Brett, Jr., Apr. 13, 1933, May 6, 1933; Eayrs to McLaughlin, Apr. 13, 1933: MCP
38. The above account of Deeks and Buckingham Palace is drawn from “Case,” 239–40.
39. The text of this letter of personal petition to the King is reproduced in “Case,” 242–3.
40. “Case,” 243–4
41. “Case,” 244–5
1. William G. Deeks to the author, Dec. 16, 1998. Professor Campbell R. Harvey, of Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, has calculated that $1,000,000 Canadian in 1920 equalled $7,958,874 in October 1996. See Marianne P.F. Stevens, “Dollars and Change: The Effect of Rockefeller Foundation Funding on Canadian Medical Education at the University of Toronto, McGill University, and Dalhousie University” (unpublished doctoral thesis, Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, University of Toronto, 1999), 154, n3.
2. Marquis to Deeks, May 7, 1934, DF
3. Draft copies of these manuscripts exist in DF.
4. Robinson to Deeks, Sept. 11, 1935; Ashley to Deeks, Sept. 22, 1935; Barker to Deeks, Sept. 24, 1935: DF
5. “Links,” 25
6. See “Deeks-Featherstonhaugh,” Toronto Telegram, Sept. 27, 1930.
7. Mary G. Mason, “The Other Voice: Autobiographies of Women Writers,” in James Olney, ed., Autobiography: Essays Theoretical and Critical (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980), 210. See also Sidonie Smith, A Poetics of Women’s Autobiography: Marginality and the Fictions of Self-Representation (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987), 9–18; Jill Ker Conway, When Memory Speaks: Exploring the Art of Autobiography (New York: Vintage Books, 1999).
8. Experiment, 619–20
9. Secretary to Wells to John A. Gedge, July 6, 1933, WC
10. McLaughlin to Eayrs, Sept. 13, 1937; Eayrs to McLaughlin, Sept. 13, 1937; Eayrs to Charlesworth, Sept. 14, 1937: MCP
11. Hector Charlesworth, I’m Telling You: Being the Further Candid Chronicles of Hector Charlesworth (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1937), 294–339
12. Guillet to Wells, Feb. 1, 1945, WC. See also J.V. McAree, “Extraordinary Suit Begun in Toronto,” Toronto Globe and Mail, Jan. 31, 1945; and McAree, “All Courts Wrong, Suggest Professor,” Toronto Globe and Mail, Apr. 3, 1945.
13. Guillet to Wells, Apr. 10, 1945, June 9, 1945, Nov. 9, 1945, June 9, 1946, WC. Guillet later circulated a typescript of his account of the Deeks trial: “Much Ado About Nothing: A Study of the Evidence in the Literary Piracy Case of Florence A. Deeks, Toronto, versus Herbert G. Wells, England, 1925–1932,” “Famous Canadian Trials,” Vol. XIX (1945), 46; copy in DF.
14. Channing Pollock, “The Plagiarism Racket,” American Mercury (May 1945), 613–9
15. Greg Gatenby, Toronto: A Literary Guide (Toronto: McArthur & Company, 1999), 373–4
16. Donald Jones, Fifty Tales of Toronto (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992), 233–7
17. In 1933, influenced by the “moral rearmament” crusade of the Oxford Group, Wise wrote a letter to Sir Frederick Macmillan in order to make restitution for past misdeeds. Among other matters, he referred in it to “an accumulation of … unaccounted-for expense moneys” that he estimated to “run to some $300.” He asked for forgiveness, but did not enclose a cheque. The original is in the Macmillan corporate archive at the University of Reading, England. A copy was forwarded on April 19, 1996, by John Handford, archivist and librarian of Macmillan Publishers Ltd., to Carl Spadoni, research collections librarian in the William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections, Mills Memorial Library, McMaster University.
18. Fourteen years earlier, the eminent physician Sir William Osler sailed from North America for England on the Campania on July 16, 1904, and was well settled into Oxford by July 23. See Michael Bliss, William Osler: A Life in Medicine (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999), 313.
19. Gregory to Wells, Oct. 31, 1918, “Proceedings,” 407–8. See also Gregory’s testimony during his evidence on commission: “Proceedings,” 266–9.
20. Wells, “Introduction” to Catherine, 4–5
21. Catherine Wells, “The Draught of Oblivion,” Catherine, 202–17
22. Catherine Wells, “In a Walled Garden,” Catherine, 218–36
23. Catherine Wells, “Two Love Songs,” Catherine, 284
24. Wells, “Introduction” to Catherine, 5
25. In a thorough survey of Wells’s relations with women, particularly as reflected in his fiction, Robert Wallwork states: “Wells fashioned his own identity by repudiating and disparaging the qualities in himself which he viewed as ‘feminine’ – weakness, egotism, passion. His abhorrence of the feminine was reflected in his depictions of women as shallow and egotistical philistines intent on sabotaging masculine efforts.” Robert Wallwork, “ ‘The Besetting of Sex’: Feminism, Masculinism, and the Woman Question in H.G. Wells, 1900–1914” (M.A. research essay, Carleton University, 1995), 5. See also Patricia Stubbs, “Mr. Wells’s Sexual Utopia,” chapter eleven of Patricia Stubbs, Women and Fiction: Feminism and the Novel 1880– 1920 (Sussex: Harvester Press, 1979), 177–94. In her book The New Women and the Old Men: Love, Sex and the Woman Question (London: Secker and Warburg, 1990), Ruth Brandon writes: “Jane purposed to keep H.G. Having caught her amazing husband, she was not about to let him slip away. If that involved subordinating her life to his – and he made it abundantly clear that those were the only terms upon which he would stay with any woman – that was a price worth paying.” (204)
26. Ingvald Raknem, “Part VI: Originality or Plagiarism,” in H.G. Wells and His Critics (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1962), 337–421, esp. 338–9, 421
27. This rendering of the myth is drawn from Timmen L. Cermak, M.D., “A New Look at Narcissus and Echo,” in Diagnosing and Treating Co-Dependence: A Guide for Professionals Who Work With Chemical Dependents, Their Spouses and Children (Minneapolis: Johnson Institute Books, 1986), ix–x.
28. E. Nisbet, “The Centenary of H.G. Wells,” unpaginated typescript in H.G. Wells Collection, Bromley Central Library. This four-page document is the text of an address Nisbet gave at the 1966 centenary celebrations of Wells’s birth, held in Bromley. See also a similar address prepared by Nisbet, “H.G. Wells as the Young Writer,” in the same location.
29. Mrs. C.A. Dawson-Scott, “As I Know Them; Some Famous Authors of To-day; H.G. Wells – Bernard Shaw – H. de Vere Stacpoole,” Strand Magazine (July–Dec. 1923), 390; copy in Wells Collection, Bromley
30. For evidence of Catherine Wells’s involvement in all aspects of her husband’s affairs of publication except the actual writing, see the many letters from her to Macmillan in MA, Add. Mss. 54945.
31. Wells’s tendency to “harry” his publishers about royalties and sales often worked to his financial detriment. “My reputation,” he once said, “is out of all proportion greater than my book sales.” See Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie, “How H.G. Harried His Publishers,” The Bookseller (May 26, 1973), 2547–77; for details on Wells’s finances, see Mackenzie, 289, 311.
32. See Thomas Mallon, Stolen Words: Forays into the Origins and Ravages of Plagiarism (New York: Penguin Books, 1989), 1–88.
33. See Lawrence J. Burpee to Deeks, Feb. 8, 1927, DF.
34. In a letter to Wise, Macmillan expressed surprise at Saul’s departure. “This is the first we have heard of it, … and I think it would have been just as well if you had let us hear about it before.” Macmillan to Wise, Mar. 12, 1919, MA, Add. Mss. 54282: “Canadian Letter Book, 13 Feb. 1914–5 May 1923.”
35. See John Morgan Gray, Fun Tomorrow: Learning to Be a Publisher and Much Else (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1978), 169.
36. Gray, Fun Tomorrow, 165–71
37. Wise to Pierce, Apr. 30, 1952, Lorne Pierce Papers, Queen’s University Archives, Kingston, Ontario; “Olive Rubens, “Hobbies Make Life and People Interesting,” Sherbrooke Daily Record, Mar. 21, 1959
38. William Tyrell, “To a Young Bookseller,” Quill & Quire (May 1940), 26; “Hugh S. Eayrs, Publisher, Dies After Seizure,” Toronto Globe and Mail, April 30, 1940
39. Paul H. Walton, “Beauty My Mistress: Hector Charlesworth as Art Critic,” Journal of Canadian Art History, Vol. XV, 1 (1992), 95–8
40. Walton, “Beauty My Mistress,” 99–100, 105. The Toronto Globe and Mail review ran on December 28, 1945.
41. Mackenzie, 378–9
42. Gregory to George Philip Wells, [1946], Sir Richard Gregory Papers, University of Sussex, Brighton
43. W.H.G. Armytage, Sir Richard Gregory: His Life and Work (London: Macmillan, 1957), 206–13
44. Quoted in Nancy F. Cott, ed., A Woman Making History: Mary Ritter Beard Through Her Letters (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1991), 15