Index

• Acting from ignorance (vs. acting in ignorance), 112, 224n20
• Adams, Scott, 9, 210n13
• Agnoiology, 13, 211n20
• Agnosognosia, 43
• Agnotology, 13, 211n19
• Aleatoric art, 186–187
• Al-Ghazzali, Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad, 36
• al-Shābbī, Abū al-Qāsim, 29
• Amnesia, 43, 60
• Amousos, 26
• Anosognosia. See Agnosognosia
• Applebaum, Barbara, 113
• Aquinas, Thomas, 119, 121, 151
• Arguments from ignorance, 153–155, 215n13
• Aristotle, 79, 111–112, 116, 126, 140, 191
• Asilomar Conference of 1975, 93–94, 221n26
• Autonomy, 49, 105, 110
  • epistemic, 204–205

• Belief, 12, 37–38, 42, 44, 58, 72–73, 151–152, 199–200. See also False beliefs (false knowledge)
  • degree of, 171–174
  • ethics of, 98–100
  • factors affecting, 95–98, 122
  • immoral, 99
• Birdman: Or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance), 131, 225n31
• Bivalent (vs. scalar conception of epistemic states), 71–72, 197, 202–203
• Bliss (ignorance as), 10, 23, 47–49, 51, 56
• Bok, Sissela, 91, 123
• Bommarito, Nicolas, 128
• Borders, 32, 66–67, 70–74, 92, 101
• Boundaries, epistemic, 28, 62, 66–68, 70–73, 88, 137, 179, 202
  • natural vs. constructed, 70, 79–80, 90–91
• Bullshit, 86, 90
• Butler, Judith, 179

• Category mistake, 17–18
• Cave Allegory, 33–40, 42, 50–51, 57–58, 120, 130. See also Plato
• Censorship. See Forbidden knowledge
• Certainty, 12, 42, 45, 171, 173, 193, 196, 203. See also Uncertainty
• Chance, 140, 164–165, 168–176. See also Luck; Probability
• Cherimoya, 93
• Chinese Room, 60–61
• Clifford, William K., 99–100, 205
• Coady, C. A. J., 205
• Coincidences, 164–165, 181, 200
• Commitments, 8, 85–86, 124, 163–164, 204
• Concealment, 56, 89–90
• Confidentiality, 58, 88–89, 97–98, 104, 110, 122, 207–208
• Confirmation bias, 95–96
• Context of discovery (vs. context of justification), 115, 117, 196–197, 203–204, 223n1
• Contractual ignorance, 93–94
• Counterfactuals, 146
• Craft, 159
• Creativity, 131, 185–186
• Culture of ignorance, 5, 7–9, 85–87, 91, 100, 113, 196, 206
• Curiosity, 10, 49, 86, 117–122, 158–159, 186, 189–191, 208
  • and science, 69, 119, 186
  • as sinful, 32, 92, 119–120

• Deception, 22, 36, 56, 89–90, 124. See also Self-deception
• Dependence, 54, 57, 204–205
• Descartes, René, 205
• Desires, epistemic, 11, 35, 56, 69–70, 79, 100–103, 107, 113. See also Curiosity
• Dewey, John, 187–188, 192
• Discretion, 118–119, 122–123, 133, 204, 207
• Disjunctive (vs. spectral epistemic states). See Bivalent
• Driver, Julia, 126–129
• Drucker, Peter, 157
• Dunning, David, 1

• Eden. See Garden of Eden
• Elgin, Catherine, 198
• Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 115
• Epistemic communities, 57–59, 98, 108, 118, 121–124, 193, 204–208, 217n13
  • closed, 95–96, 100
  • defined, 58
  • vs. solo learner, 58, 117, 133, 197
  • trust in, 90
  • willful ignorance and, 112–114
• Epistemic injustice, 107, 112–114
• Epistemic restraint, 120–122, 128
• Epistemology, 12, 42–45, 115–116, 195–208, 211n20. See also Virtue epistemology
• Erasmus, Desiderius, 31
• Error, 4, 22, 27, 43, 68, 71, 83, 152, 213n14. See also Modesty
  • margin of, 175, 228n9

• False beliefs (false knowledge), 6–8, 42–44, 72, 74, 98–100, 124–125, 152, 186, 189, 199
  • persistence of, 37–38, 68, 86
  • willfulness of, 86, 100, 113, 124, 127
• Felman, Shoshana, 18
• Ferrier, James Frederick, 12, 15, 146, 211n20
• Firestein, Stuart, 3, 186
• Flanagan, Owen, 127–128
• Forbidden knowledge, 47–49, 53, 56, 80, 91–94, 97, 118, 120–121
• Forgotten knowledge, 27–28, 41, 72–73, 142–143
• Frankfurt, Harry, 61, 86
• Fricker, Miranda, 113–114, 206
• Frontiers, 66–67, 70, 74
• Future (as epistemic limit), 139, 141–142, 160

• Galileo (play by Berthold Brecht), 119–120
• Garden of Eden, 33, 48–51, 53, 58–59, 91, 130, 216n4
• Gettier, Edmund III, 181, 204
• Gettier conditions, 181–183, 196, 199–201
• Gödel, Kurt, 148
• Goldman, Alan I., 205–206
• Gyges, Ring of, 59

• Hedge funds, 167
• Heisenberg, Werner, 147
• Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 5
• Hobbes, Thomas, 119
• Holes, 16
• Horgan, Peter, 149–151
• Horizon, 179–180, 183, 186–193
• Huebner, Dwayne, 192–193
• Humility, intellectual, 69, 117, 125–126, 133, 204, 207

• Ignorance
  • etymology of, 21–22
  • impact of, 3–10
  • improved, 183–186
  • intentionality of, 19
  • normativity of, 22–23
  • responsibility for, 111–112
  • scholarship on, 11–13
  • typologies of, 39–41
• Ignorance management, 70, 157–162, 175–176
  • in organizations, 161
• Ignorant Schoolmaster, The, 129–133
• Ignoration, 36, 38, 44–45
• Ignoring, 21–22, 85, 212n11
• Illiteracy, 5, 209n2
• Inadvertent ignorance, 9, 94–96
• Incompleteness (undecidability) theorem, 148
• Information, 5, 9, 34, 62, 75–77, 86, 117, 141, 160–161
  • access to vs. assimilation of, 77
  • ethics of, 82–84, 88–90, 97–98, 102–112, 122, 176
• Ingersoll, Robert G., 47
• Innocence, 50–55
• Insurance, 165–169
• Intimacy, 88–89
• Introspection, 43, 117, 213n19
• Israilidis, John, 161

• Jackson, Frank, 61
• Jackson, Wes, 125–126
• James, William, 99–100
• Joy, Bill, 94
• Justification (of belief), 42, 73, 180–182, 199–202, 229n3

• Kant, Immanuel, 20, 90, 135, 137, 144
• Kerwin, Ann, 40–41
• Kierkegaard, Søren, 79
• Knowable in principle (vs. in practice), 75, 137, 146, 153, 227n25
• Knowing (and not-knowing) as a mental state, 17–18, 38, 40, 42–43, 139, 204
  • disjunctive vs. spectral accounts of, 71–73
  • Williamson on, 17, 198, 212n3
• Knowing by acquaintance (knowing what it is like), 23, 25–27, 52, 56, 61, 139, 151, 162, 203
• Knowing how, 23–25, 159, 198, 203
• Knowing that (propositional knowledge), 23–25, 52, 56, 139, 151, 180, 197–198
• Knowledge, 195–199. See also Forbidden knowledge; Forgotten knowledge
  • borderline, 72, 202
  • modal, 152, 164, 189, 229n7
• Kvanvig, Jonathan, 198

• Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 168
• Learning, 3–4, 10, 21, 26–27, 32, 36–38, 73–77, 115, 179–180. See also Virtue epistemology
  • and loss, 47, 55–57
  • assessment of (see Moral assessment)
  • creates ignorance, 183–185
  • Jacotot’s method of, 129–133
• Life span (as epistemic limit), 142
• Limit (vs. boundary), 137–138
• Limits, epistemic, 139–151
  • biological, 142–144
  • conceptual, 144–147
  • end of knowledge as, 149–151
  • language, 139, 144
  • scientific and mathematical
  • temporality, 139–142
• Locke, John, 61
• Logue, Jennifer, 85
• Luck, 180. See also Chance
  • epistemic, 180–183, 200–201, 204, 223n2
• Luhmann, Niklas, 60
• Lying, 89

• Management of ignorance. See Ignorance management
• Manson, Neil, 120–122, 128
• Mapping ignorance (and knowledge), 67–70, 161
• Maps, 65–68, 70
  • of knowledge, 67–70, 73–74, 138
• “Mary’s Room
• Mason, Richard, 198
• Matz, Joshua, 63
• Medical ignorance, 68–69, 74
• Medina, José, 113–114
• Mills, Charles, 85
• Milton, John, 47, 50, 56
• Modesty, 126–129
• Moore, G. E., 98
• Moral assessment (of knowledge and ignorance), 97–98, 115–129

• Narrative, 187
• National Public Radio, 172–173
• National Weather Service, 173–175
• Needs, epistemic, 100–103
• Negative concepts, 16–18
• Nescience, 79–94. See also Forbidden knowledge; Rational ignorance; Secrecy; Strategic ignorance; Willful ignorance
• Nicolaus of Cusa (Cusanus), 11–12
• Noninstantiability, 39, 144–146
• Not-knowledge, 71–72
• Nussbaum, Martha C., 54

• Obligations, epistemic, 100–101, 107–111
  • not to know (obligatory ignorance), 109
• Oblivion, 27, 34
• Obtuseness, 53–55, 116
• Omniscience, 38, 83, 138, 151–153, 227n25

• Paradox (of understanding ignorance), 10–11, 15, 18–21
• Pascal, Blaise, 192
• Past (as epistemic limit), 139–141
• Paul, L. A., 162–163
• Peels, Rik, 201
• Philosophy, 189–190
• Places of ignorance, 31–33, 50–51, 59–62. See also Cave Allegory; Garden of Eden
• Plato, 9, 28, 33–34, 36–38, 58–59, 205. See also Cave Allegory; Gyges, Ring of
• Polanyi, Michael, 41, 203–204
• Political ignorance, 5–9
• Possibility, 167, 188–189
• Preference-based technology, 95
• Prisoner’s dilemma, 59–60
• Pritchard, Duncan, 182–183
• Privacy, 88–91, 97–98, 104, 121, 207
• Privatives. See Negative concepts
• Privilege, 56, 85, 98, 112–114, 206
• Probability, 167–175
  • classical interpretation of, 168–172
  • frequency interpretation of
  • judgment interpretation of, 172
  • of rain, 172–175
  • subjectivist interpretation of, 171–172
• Propositional knowledge. See Knowing that
• Ptolemy, Claudius, 65, 67
• Public ignorance, 5–9, 74–78, 95–96
• Pynchon, Thomas, 65
• Pyrrho of Elis, 44–45

• Qualia, 25, 61, 213n19
• Questions, 188

• Rancière, Jacques, 129–133
• Rational ignorance, 80–82, 219n3
• Rawls, John, 60, 83, 176
• Recognizing ignorance, 34–38
• Reichenbach, Hans, 115, 117, 196, 203
• Rescher, Nicholas, 144, 149–151, 226n10
• Rights, epistemic, 100–101, 103–107
• Right to believe, 8–9, 86, 96, 100
• Right to ignorance (right not to know), 105–107
• Ritual, 158–159
• Roberts, Robert C., 117
• Rorty, Richard, 130, 195
• Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 31
• Rumsfeld, Donald, 39–41, 215n13
• Rutherford, Ernest, 147

• Sartre, Jean-Paul, 17
• Schoen, Donald, 70
• Schrödinger, Erwin, 147
• Schueler, George Frederick, 128
• Searle, John, 60
• Secrecy, 80, 88–92, 94, 111, 124, 208
• Self-deception, 43, 84–85, 96, 127
• Self-ignorance, 43–44
• Self-knowledge, 43, 128
• Serres, Michel, 189
• Sexuality, 91–92
• Shepherd of possibilities (the philosopher as), 189–190
• Skepticism, 4, 7, 12, 44–45, 69, 120, 144, 192, 196
• Sloterdijk, Peter, 192
• Socrates, 9, 11–12, 130, 190–191, 230n9
• Sosa, Ernest, 116
• Specialization, 67, 76–77, 95, 143
• Strategic ignorance, 80, 82–84, 98, 207, 228n12
• Stupidity, 8–9, 22, 25, 78
• Superstition, 32, 158, 160
• Symonds, John Addington, 92

• Taboos. See Forbidden knowledge
• Tacit knowledge, 24–25, 40–41, 159, 198, 203–204
• Testimony, 99, 113, 122–124, 204–208
• Thomas, Lewis, 69
• Townley, Cynthia, 207
• Transformations, epistemic and personal, 150, 162–163, 169, 184
• Tribe, Lawrence, 63
• Triggers, 87
• Trust, 88, 90, 123–124, 133, 205
• Truth, 32, 34, 36, 44, 56, 90, 98–99, 130, 164
  • normativity of, 21–22, 98, 117, 119, 149, 196–202, 206
  • omniscience and, 138, 151–152 (see also Omniscience)
  • rejection of, 7–10, 84, 86, 96, 106, 114

• Uncertainty, 63, 69, 90, 160–163, 165, 167, 169, 173–176. See also Probability
  • decision making under conditions of, 62, 161–163
  • principle (indeterminacy principle), 147
• Understanding, 22, 51, 60–61, 79, 151
  • ignorance, 10–12, 18–21, 198
  • vs. knowledge, 25–27, 159, 197–198
• Ungar, Sheldon, 74–77
• Unger, Peter, 182
• University of Arizona medical programs, 69
• University of Tartu, 90
• Unpredictability, 147, 160, 163–165, 186. See also Uncertainty

• Veil of ignorance, 60, 83, 176
• Vices, epistemic, 115–133, 203, 207
• Vico, Giambattista, 177
• Virtue epistemology, 116–118, 195–196, 204, 206–207
• Virtues, epistemic, 115–133, 207
• Vitek, Bill, 125–126

• Walton, Douglas, 154
• Warrant (for belief). See Justification (of belief)
• Weisberg, Herbert, 171
• Werkmeister, William Henry, 20
• Whistle-blowing, 88, 110
• Whitehead, Alfred North, 97, 108, 141
• Willful ignorance, 41, 84–88, 107, 120, 124, 154–155. See also Right to ignorance
• Williamson, Timothy, 17, 198, 212nn3–4
• Witte, Marlys, 69
• Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 139, 192
• Wonder, 189–191
• Wood, W. Jay, 117

• X (as marker for unknown), 175–176

• Zagzebski, Linda, 117
• ŽiŽek, Slavoj, 41, 215n17