Sources

Introduction: The Real Heroes of Innovation

• The Viagra story is based on interviews with Dr David Brown. For more detail see his lecture at the Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning, The Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. http://www.cfel.jbs.cam.ac.uk/programmes/enterprisetuesday/videos.html
• The Julius Comroe quote is from Retrospectroscope: Insights into Medical Discovery by Julius H. Comroe. Von Gehr Publisher, 1977.
• If you’re interested in the role luck plays in business try Great by Choice: Uncertainty, Chaos, and Luck – Why Some Thrive Despite Them All, by Jim Collins and Morten T. Hansen. 2011. Harper Collins. Another excellent book on the subject is Get Lucky: How to Put Planned Serendipity to Work for You and Your Business by Thor Muller and Lane Becker. Jossey Bass. 2012.

Chapter 1 The Protagonist

• The Axe/Lynx story is based on interviews with Unilever executives and Neil Munn who was Axe/Lynx brand director between 2002 and 2006.
• Victoria Beckham’s quote from Learning to Fly: The Autobiography. Penguin Global, 2005.
• For more on emotionally compelling and stretching goals there is still no better than Built to Last by James Collins and Jerry Porras. Random House Business Books. 2005. BHAGs (Big Hairy Audacious Goals) must be one of the best business terms ever coined.
• The ASOS and the Harvard Bioscience stories are based on interviews with senior executives.
• The final quote from Nick Robertson is taken from ‘An Interview with Nick Robertson – CEO of ASOS’ by Medhi Jaffer and Tom Bordell. Varsity.co.uk, 14 October 2011. http://www.varsity.co.uk/news/3845
• Photo of David Green holding the trachea by Deborah Becker Mclennan.
• For an excellent discussion of the pirate mentality, read The Pirate Inside by Adam Morgan. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004.
• Readers familiar with Maurice Belbin’s work on team roles will recognise the ‘completer finisher’. I have always understood this to be an almost obsessive need for accuracy. This is different from the finishing skills innovators need. My view of a good ‘finisher’ is someone with the tenacity and responsibility to complete the task, without getting distracted by other exciting challenges.

Chapter 2 The Quest for Provocation

• The stories about the global insurance company, the bakery executives visiting their customers at breakfast, the confectionary executives and the Consumer Shoes exercise, the psoriasis suffers and the ‘Future of Sex’ projects are based on ?What If! work with our client partners.
• Steve Jobs quote from ‘The Next Insanely Great Thing’ by Gary Wolf. Wired, 1996.
• The Kodak story is well known and the comments are from Changing Focus: Kodak and the Battle to Save a Great American Company by Alecia Swasy. Times Business, Random House, 1997.
• The Encyclopaedia Britannica story comes from interviews with senior executives who have since left the business.
• Fresh & Easy quotes are from The Economist, 21 June 2007 and William Kay, ‘Tesco Admits: We got it Wrong in US’, The Sunday Times, 22 February 2009.
• The Bullet Train story is found at ‘Innovation inspired by nature Biomimicry’ by K.D. Hargroves, M.H. Smith. Ecos (129), 27–28 (2006).
• The easyJet and BP Invigorate story are based on ?What If! projects.
• Photo of the screen obsessed driver – I took this early one morning on my iPhone.
• The quote by Paul Flory is found in Serendipity, Accidental Discoveries in Science by Royston M. Roberts. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1989.

Chapter 3 Making Ideas Real

• Stories and references to Boots, 48 (Telefonica), Dyson, Metro, Barclays, Google and SRI are based on interviews with senior executives.
• The Dyson story is supplemented by quotes from Against the Odds: An Autobiography by James Dyson. Orion Publishing, 1997.
• Photos of Dave teaching me the offside trap by Jake Hilder.
• The Edison quotes:

‘If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt discarded is often a step forward …’ http://www.thomasedison.com/quotes.html

‘I never did anything worth doing entirely by accident … Almost none of my inventions were derived in that manner. They were achieved by having trained myself to be analytical and to endure and tolerate hard work.’ http://www.thomasedison.com/quotes.html

‘Show me a thoroughly satisfied man and I will show you a failure.’ The Diary and Sundry Observations of Thomas Alva Edison (1948), p. 110. wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas Edison

‘Just because something doesn’t do what you planned it to do doesn’t mean it’s useless.’ http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/394.html

‘Restlessness is discontent, and discontent is the first necessity of progress.’ http://quotationsbook.com/quote/32668/

‘Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Accordingly, a “genius” is often a talented person who has done his or her homework.’ http://www.thomasedison.com/quotes.html

• The egg drop experiment is fascinating – read more at ‘Efficacy of Prototyping Under Time Constraints’ by Steven P. Dow, Kate Heddleston, Scott R. Klemmer. Stanford University HCI Group. Department of Computer Science, 26–30 October 2009.
• The birth of Gü was told to me by founder James Averdieck.
• Jeff Bezos quote from ‘Blind-Alley Explorer’, Businessweek, 19 August 2004. http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/aug2004/nf20040819_7348_db_81.htm
• The Frappuccino story is found in Pour Your Heart into It. How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time by Howard Schultz and Dori Jones Yang. Hyperion, 1999.

Chapter 4 Collision Course

• The Method, Google, Innocent stories were researched during visits between 2009 and 2012 and discussion with senior executives.
• All photos by Jake Hilder except the Method pictures which I took on my iPhone, the TV and European retailer shots taken by ?!ers and the Zappos photos supplied by Zappos. Many thanks to UKTV, Google and Zappos for their help.
• The speech by Winston Churchill to the English Architecture Association was reported in 1924.
• To read more on Brad Bird’s story go to ‘Innovation Lessons from Pixar: An Interview with Oscar-winning Director Brad Bird’ by Hayagreeva Rao, Robert Sutton and Allen P. Webb. McKinsey Quarterly, April 2008. http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Innovation_lessons_from_Pixar_An_interview_with_Oscar-winning_director_Brad_Bird_2127_abstract
• For more on cubicles and the apology look at Julie Schlosser, ‘Cubicles: The Great Mistake’. Fortune Magazine 2006. http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/09/magazines/fortune/cubicle_howiwork_fortune/
• For more on the Valve handbook go to valvesoftware.com. Also see this interesting article by Shane Show at Fast Company on the Valve handbook at http://www.fastcompany.com/1835546/you-re-hired-now-figure-things-out-with-the-help-of-this-whimsical-handbook
• Definition of ‘mingle’. Merriam-Webster.com. http://www.merriam-webster.com (April 2012).
• To find out more about PechaKucha go to pecha-kucha.org and klein-dytham.com
• The Zappos story is from The Zappos Experience by Joseph A. Michelli. McGraw-Hill, 2012.
• The engagement in workspace design by the University of Exeter is described in The University of Exeter, ‘Designing Your Own Workspace Improves Health, Happiness and Productivity’, ScienceDaily, 7 September 2010. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100907104035.htm
• In my view the best book on how our physical environment affects us is A Pattern Language by Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa and Murray Silverstein. Oxford University Press, 1977.

Chapter 5 Battling the Corporate Machine

• References and stories from Wegmans, Kingfisher, UKTV, Innocent, KFC China, Samsung, Barclays, GE, LoveFilm, Unilever and SRI have been sourced from discussion with senior executives.
• Wikipedia has an excellent history of the 2CV at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_2CV
• The classic ‘my first car’ photo was taken by my Mum.
• The loo that doubles as a hand basin kindly supplied by Kingfisher Group.
• The quote from Eric Schmidt is from James Manyika’s article: ‘Google’s View on the Future of Business: An Interview with CEO Eric Schmidt’, McKinsey Quarterly, September 2008. http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Googles_view_on_the_future_of_business_An_interview_with_CEO_Eric_Schmidt_2229
• For more on Samsung’s approach to innovation see Yoon C. Lee, Managing Director of Samsung’s Global Product Innovation Team talk to the Center on Global Brand Leadership at Columbia Business School. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRCip1KDR18
• Douglas Adams. Mostly Harmless. Pan Books, UK, 1992.
• The reference to Boeing sourced from http://www.innovationmanagement.org/Wiki/index.php?title=R%26D_Management.
• A recent survey by IESE and Capgemini Consulting found that 43% of respondents claim to have a formally accountable innovation executive. This was significantly up from the 33% who claimed so in a previous survey. Innovation Leadership Study. Capgemini Consulting and IESE Business School. March 2012. Miller, Klokgieters, Brankovic, Duppen.