Maps

SECTION ONE: PRELUDE TO WAR

1 European Fears and Ambitions Before 1914

2 Germany’s Growing Isolation 1887–1914

3 The Minorities of the Central Powers in 1914

4 The Berlin—Bagdad Railway by 1914

5 The Turkish Empire in 1914

6 Africa and the Belligerents August 1914

7 Italy and the Mediterranean 1911–1914

8 Serbia and its Neighbours 1878–1914

9 The Anglo–Russian Dominance in Central Asia 1907–1914

10 The Schlieffen Plan 1905–1914

11 Military Manpower on 4 August 1914

12 The European Powers on 4 August 1914

13 The Escape of the Goeben and Breslau August 1914

14 Fifteen Steps to War July–August 1914

SECTION TWO: 1914: THE EARLY MONTHS OF WAR

15 The German Advance August–September 1914

16 The Marne September 1914

17 The German Conquest of Belgium 1914

18 The Race to the Sea September–October 1914

19 The End of the German Advance October 1914

20 The First Battle of Ypres October–November 1914

21 The Ypres Salient 1914–1918

22 Communications at Ypres by 1918

23 Britain and Germany in the Far East by 1914

24 The War in the Far East 1914

25 The German Pacific Squadron 1914–1915

26 The Cruise of the Emden September–November 1914

27 The Eastern Front 1914

28 The Battle of Tannenberg August 1914

29 The German Advance September 1914

30 German War Aims in Africa 1914–1915

31 The War in Africa 1914–1918

SECTION THREE: 1915

32 The Russian Appeal January 1915

33 The British Plan February 1915

34 A Plan for the Middle East 1915

35 The Naval Attack on the Dardanelles

36 The Pact of London April 1915

37 The Pact of London April 1915

38 The Military Landings on the Gallipoli Peninsula

39 Allied Trenches on Gallipoli: The “Helles” Front in July 1915

40 Allied Plans for Turkey 1915–1917

41 Turkey and the Armenians 1915–1922

42 Turkey, Britain and the Arabs 1914–1916

43 Mesopotamia 1914–1916

44 British Defences Against a Possible German Invasion 1915

45 British Plans for the Invasion of Germany 1915

46 German War Aims in Eastern Europe 1914–1918

47 The Eastern Front During 1915

48 The Defeat of Serbia 1915

49 The Serb Exodus 1916

50 The First Phosgene Gas Attack December 1915

51 The Tunnellers of the Western Front 1915–1916

SECTION FOUR: 1916

52 Underground Activity on the Western Front 1916

53 Verdun 1916

54 An Allied Attack: The Plan

55 An Allied Attack: The Risks

56 The Somme 1916

57 Trench Warfare: The Cost

58 Churchill in Flanders 1916

59 Hitler’s Military Service 1914–1918

60 Allied Communications 1916

61 Rail Communications of the Central Powers 1916

62 The Balkans in 1916

63 The Arab Revolt June 1916–June 1917

SECTION FIVE: THE WAR IN THE AIR

64 German Zeppelin Raids over Britain 1914–1918

65 London’s Anti-Aircraft Defences by 1918

66 German Air Raids on Paris 1914–1918

67 The German Bombardment of Paris 1918

68 A Zeppelin Raid and its Aftermath October 1917

69 The Air Defence of Britain 1916–1918

70 German Air Raids over London 1914–1918

71 A London Gun Barrage 1917

72 The L.59 Airship 1917–1918

73 British Air Raids over Germany 1917–1918

SECTION SIX: THE WAR AT SEA

74 The North Sea Blockade 1914–1918

75 North Sea Battles 1914–1918

76 Allied Blockades 1914–1918

77 Food Riots in Germany 1916

78 The Western Approaches 1914–1918

79 British Merchant Ships Sunk May–December 1917

80 British Mine Barrages in the Dover Strait 1914–1918

81 Allied Losses in the Mediterranean 1917

82 The Convoy System 1917–1918

83 A Typical Convoy 1917–1918

84 Shipping Losses 1914–1918

85 British Merchant Ship Losses 1917–1918

86 Allied Losses off North America 1917

87 America’s Shipbuilding Crusade 1917–1918

SECTION SEVEN: 1917

88 The French Plan for Victory March 1917

89 From Attack to Mutiny April–June 1917

90 Messines: The Mines

91 Life Under Arras 1917

92 Strongpoints: A New Method of Defence

93 Tanks: A New Method of Attack 1917–1918

94 United States’ Opposition to War April 1917

95 The World at War July 1917

96 The Balkans in 1917

97 The War in East Africa 1917–1918

98 German Activity in France and Belgium 1917–1918

99 German Social Unrest 1917–1918

100 Trenches on the Western Front 1917

101 Third Ypres: The Plan

102 Third Ypres: The Advances June–December 1917

103 Passchendaele: The Mud

104 Russia at War 1914–1917

105 German War Aims in the East 1917–1918

106 The Final Russian Offensive 1–16 July 1917

107 The Russian Mutinies 16–30 July 1917

108 Russia in Turmoil 1914–1917

109 The Russian Revolution November 1917–March 1918

SECTION EIGHT: 1918

110 The German Advance March–July 1918

111 The Battle of the Lys April 1918

112 The American Expeditionary Force 1918

113 Military Advances Against the Central Powers June–October 1918

114 The Disintegration of the Central Powers June–October 1918

115 The Collapse of Austria–Hungary 1917–1918

116 The Defeat of Turkey 1917–1918

117 The Allied Victory on the Western Front 1918

118 The Allied Advance to the Rhine

119 Casualties and Prisoners on the British Front 1918

120 The War in the Balkans September–October 1918

121 The German Revolution November 1918

122 The War in Italy 1915–1918

123 The Isolation of Germany on 3 November 1918

SECTION NINE: THE WORLD AT WAR

124 German War Aims in the West 1914–1918

125 French War Aims in the West 1914–1918

126 German Diplomacy 1914–1918

127 German Economic Aspirations 1914–1918

128 German War Aims in Africa 1916–1918

129 India at War 1914–1918

130 The British Empire at War 1914–1918

131 Soldiers from India 1914–1918

132 The Near East 1914–1918

133 The War in East Africa 1914–1917

134 Allied Meat Supplies 1916

135 Allied Horses 1914–1918

136 British Labour Corps 1914–1918

137 Mutinies 1916–1918

138 Britain at War 1914–1918

139 British Munitions Production 1914–1918

140 British Supplies to the Allies 1914–1918

141 Austria–Hungary at War 1914–1918

142 Gold Losses 1914–1918

143 Gold Gains 1914–1918

SECTION TEN: AFTERMATH

144 Germany in Defeat

145 German Losses Overseas 1919

146 The Proposed United States’ Mandates 1919

147 Senate Voting on the Versailles Treaty 1919

148 The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire 1912–1923

149 Turkey, Greece, and Britain 1919–1922

150 The War against Bolshevism 1918–1919

151 The Russo–Polish War 1920

152 The Fragmentation of Austria–Hungary after 1918

153 German Coal Production 1913–1923

154 Peace Treaties and Conferences 1919–1932

155 The New States of Central Europe 1920

156 European Debts to Britain 1914–1925

157 European Debts to the United States 1914–1925

158 War Dead 1914–1918

159 Trench Warfare: The Aftermath

160 United States Soldiers, State by State 1917–1918

161 The United States and the Unfought Campaign of 1919

162 British Court-Martial Executions 1914–1918

163 The Creation of Yugoslavia 1919

164 The Leipzig War Crimes Trials 1921

SECTION ELEVEN: MEMORIALS AND REMEMBRANCE: THE SOMME

165 Monuments and Memorials: Serre to Beaumont-Hamel

166 Private Memorials on the Somme Battlefield

167 Monuments and Memorials: North-West and South-West of Pozières

168 Monuments and Memorials: East And South-East of Pozières

169 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemeteries: Foncquevillers to Beaumont-Hamel

170 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemeteries: Warlencourt to Carnoy

171 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemeteries: Hawthorn Ridge to Méaulte

172 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemeteries: Ayette to Roye

173 Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemeteries: Behind the Lines