INTRODUCTION: GREEN ON
1 Lochie Fulton, interview by Ken MacLeod, Victoria, BC, 9 February 1998.
2 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 38.
3 Fulton interview.
4 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
5 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1995), 79.
6 Madden reminiscences.
1: MAXIMUM FORCE NEEDED
1 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 4.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid., 5–6.
6 Ibid., 7.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., 14.
10 Ibid., 13–15.
11 Ibid., 29.
12 Ibid., 34.
13 Ibid.
14 F.E. Morgan, “War Document, F.E. Morgan to British Chiefs of Staff,” Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 July 1943, 1998–1999., n.p.
15 Stacey, 19–21.
16 Carlo D’Este, Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign (London: Penguin Books, 2001), 50–51.
17 Stacey, 21.
18 Maj. J.R. Martin, “Report No. 147 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Part One: The Assault and Subsequent Operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div and 2 Cdn Armd Bde, 6–30 June 44—N.W. Europe,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 3 December 1945, para. 12.
19 Stacey, 21.
2: THE WEB-FOOTED DIVISION
1 Crerar Papers, “Appointments and Promotions—Officers, Period Feb. 1942 to January 1943,” MG 30 E157, vol. 5, National Archives of Canada.
2 Ibid.
3 Granatstein Papers, newspaper story, n.p, n.d., York University Archives and Special Collections, Scott Library.
4 Granatstein Papers, “Royal Military College of Canada Report of Gentleman Cadet R.F.L. Keller of the 3rd Class for the Term ending 20 July, 1918,” York University Archives and Special Collections, Scott Library.
5 Granatstein Papers, “Royal Military College of Canada Report of Gentleman Cadet R.F.L. Keller of the 1st Class for the Term Xmas, 1919.”
6 J.L. Granatstein, The Generals: The Canadian Army’s Senior Commanders in the Second World War (Toronto: Stoddart, 1993), 16–17.
7 Ernest Côté, interview by Michael Boire, Ottawa, 14 November 2003.
8 Harold Bertrand Gonder, interview by Mark C. Hill, 23 July and 7, 8, 9 August 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
9 Granatstein, The Generals, 166.
10 Gonder interview.
11 Canadian Operations in North–West Europe, June 1944: Extracts from Memoranda (Series 1), R.F.L. Keller, “The Techniques of the Assault: Comments on Operation ‘Overlord’,” 21 June 1944, Directorate of Heritage and History, Department of National Defence, 1.
12 Will R. Bird, The Two Jacks: The Amazing Adventures of Major Jack M. Veness and Major Jack L. Fairweather. (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1954), 2.
13 Bird, 3.
14 Lochie Fulton, interview by Ken MacLeod, Victoria, BC, 9 February 1998.
15 Dave Kingston, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Mississauga, ON, 10 September 2003.
16 Rolph Jackson, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 2 September 2003.
17 James Douglas Baird, interview by William S. Thackray, 17, 27 June and 18 July 1980, University of Victoria Special Collections.
18 Maj. H.S. Patterson, “Artillery Communications in Operation Overlord, Account by Maj. H.S. Patterson, OC 2 Coy, 3 CDN INF DIV SIGS,” 018(D2), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 6.
19 Baird interview.
20 Patterson, 7–8.
21 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 35–36.
22 N.a., “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord—The Assault on the Beaches of Normandy, 6–11 June 1944—Sequence of Events and Lessons Arising Therefrom,” vol. 104S5, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
23 Ibid.
24 Phil Cockburn, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Ravenswood, ON, 11 August 2003.
25 Jim Simpson, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Windsor, ON, 13 September 2003.
26 Keller, “The Technique of the Assault: Comments on Operation ‘Overlord,’” 21 June 1944, 1.
27 Don Mingay speech, 2002, copy in possession of the author.
3: LEARNING NEW SKILLS
1 Peter Hinton, interview by Mark Hill, 22 July 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
2 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 27.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Hinton interview.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 5–6.
9 Ibid., 20.
10 Ibid., 20–21.
11 Stan Richardson diary, copy in possession of the author.
12 Ibid.
13 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 21.
14 Richardson diary.
15 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 21.
16 Richardson diary.
17 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 21–23.
18 Ibid., 25.
19 Ibid., 25–26.
20 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 37.
21 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 28.
22 Ibid.
23 Hinton interview.
24 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 29.
25 Hinton interview.
26 Lochie Fulton, interview by Ken MacLeod, Victoria, BC, 9 February 1998.
27 Will R. Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (Fredericton, NB: Brunswick Press, 1963), 192.
4: DEATH OR GLORY
1 Trafford Leigh-Mallory, “Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N.W. Europe from November 15th, 1943 to September 30th, 1944,” Fourth Supplement, The London Gazette, 31 December 1946, 37.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid., 38.
4 Ibid., 43.
5 Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, et al., The Crucible of War, 1939–1945: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), 288–89.
6 Ibid., 279.
7 Ibid.
8 David Bashow, All the Fine Young Eagles: In the Cockpit with Canada’s Second World War Fighter Pilots (Toronto: Stoddart, 1996), 256.
9 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 7 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 3283.
10 Greenhous et al., 278.
11 Bashow, 263.
12 Greenhous et al., 279.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid., 289.
15 Ibid., 284.
16 Ibid., 289–90.
17 Bashow, 263.
18 Greenhous et al., 281.
19 Bashow, 264–65.
20 Leigh-Mallory, 42.
21 Ibid., 50.
22 Ibid., 51.
23 Greenhous et al., 805.
24 Don Cheney, interview by Glen Cook, 16 November 2000, Ottawa, Canadian War Museum Oral History Project Collection.
25 Ibid.
1 Ralph Bennett, Ultra in the West: The Normandy Campaign, 1944–45 (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1979), 49–50.
2 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 46.
3 Bennett, 64–67.
4 Ibid., 42.
5 Hans Speidel, “Ideas and Views of Genfldm Rommell, Commander of Army Group B, on Defense and Operations in the West in 1944,” in Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 41.
6 Ibid., 42.
7 Ibid., 41.
8 Ibid., 42.
9 Stacey, 55.
10 Walter Warlimont, “The Invasion,” in Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 92.
11 Stacey, 57.
12 Ibid., 59.
13 Ibid., 55.
14 Ibid., 69.
15 Ibid., 56.
16 Roger Chevalier, interview by author, Courseulles-sur-Mer, 23 May 2003.
17 Warlimont, 88.
18 Max Pemsel, “Seventh Army, June 1942–6 June 1944: Report of the Chief of Staff,” in Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 55.
19 Warlimont, 88.
20 Ibid., 89.
21 Bennett, 50.
22 Speidel, 39.
23 Stacey, 60.
24 Bennett, 50.
25 Ibid., 51.
26 Stacey, 66–67.
27 Speidel, 38.
28 Trafford Leigh-Mallory, “Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N.W. Europe from November 15th, 1943 to September 30th, 1944,” Fourth Supplement, The London Gazette, 31 December 1946, 51.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, et al., The Crucible of War, 1939–1945: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), 284.
32 Ibid.
33 Canadian Operations in North-West Europe, June 1944: Extracts from Memoranda (Series 1), R.F.L. Keller, “The Techniques of the Assault: Comments on Operation ‘Overlord’,” 21 June 1944, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
34 N.a, “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord, The Assault on the Beaches of Normandy—6–11 June 1944—Sequence of Events and Lessons Arising Therefrom,” vol. 104S5, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 1.
35 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 6 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 2784.
36 Ernest Côté, interview by Michael Boire, Ottawa, 14 November 2003.
37 Ibid.
38 Portugal, vol. 6, 2784.
39 Mingay, Don (Lt. Col.), documents. Canadian War Museum Archives.
40 Russell Frederick Choat, interview by James Murphy, 27 June and 5, 11 July 1977, University of Victoria Special Collections.
41 Maj. J.R. Martin, “Report No. 147 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Part One: The Assault and Subsequent Operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div and 2 Cdn Armd Bde, 6–30 June 44—N.W. Europe,” 3 December 1945, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, para. 155.
42 Ibid.
43 Cyril Merrott Wightman, interview by Cameron Falconer, 8 February 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
6: SPOILING FOR A FIGHT
1 Maj. G.W.L. Nicholson, “Report No. 138 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion: Organization and Training, July 1942–June 1944,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., para. 8.
2 Ibid., para. 3.
3 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1995), 34.
4 Nicholson, para. 9.
5 Nolan, 14.
6 Dan Hartigan, A Rising of Courage: Canada’s Paratroops in the Liberation of Normandy (Calgary: Drop Zone Publishers, 2000), 2–5.
7 Nolan, 18.
8 Nolan, 25–31.
9 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
10 Nolan, 38.
11 Madden recollections.
12 Nolan, 41–48.
13 Madden recollections.
14 Nicholson, paras. 22–23.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid., paras. 24–25.
17 Nolan, 49.
18 Ibid., 48–49.
19 Nicholson, para. 26.
20 Ibid., para. 28.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid., para. 29.
23 Ibid., para. 37.
24 Hartigan, 19.
25 Ibid., 20–21.
26 Ibid., 21.
27 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 71–72.
28 Hartigan, 21.
29 John A. Willes, Out of the Clouds: The History of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (Port Perry, ON: Port Perry Printing, 1995), 51–52.
30 Hartigan, 21.
7: TO DIE GLORIOUSLY
1 Maj. J.R. Martin, “Report No. 147 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Part One: The Assault and Subsequent Operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div and 2 Cdn Armd Bde, 6–30 June 44—N.W. Europe,” 3 December 1945, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, para. 154.
2 John Clifford Cave, interview by Chris D. Main, 14, 24 August 1978, University of Victoria Special Collections.
3 Martin, paras. 77–78.
4 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 76.
5 Ibid., 76–81.
6 Martin, paras. 99–103.
7 Stacey, 77.
8 Martin, para. 83.
9 Ibid., paras. 83–91.
10 Stacey, 120.
11 Don Mingay speech, 2002, copy in possession of the author.
12 Peter Simonds, Maple Leaf Up, Maple Leaf Down: The Story of the Canadians in the Second World War (New York: Island Press, 1946), 129.
13 Ibid., 129–30.
14 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 1 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 23–27.
15 Ibid., 35.
16 Hugh Lamb, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Mississauga, ON, 8 September 2003.
17 Desmond W. Piers, “HMCSAlgonquin—Operation Neptune,” University of Victoria Special Collections, 1.
18 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 17.
19 Piers, 1.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 R.M. Hickey, The Scarlet Dawn (Campbellton, NB: Tribune Publishers, 1949), 184.
23 William Boss, Up the Glens: Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders, 1783–1994, 2nd ed. (Cornwall, ON: Old Book Store, 1995), 183.
24 Ronald Shawcross, interview by Mark C. Hill, 14, 19 June 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
25 N.a., “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord—The Assault on the Beaches of Normandy, 6–11 June 1944—Sequence of Events and Lessons Arising Therefrom,” vol. 10455, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
26 Bill McCormick, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Gault, ON, 3 October 2003.
27 “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord,” n.p.
28 “Second Canadian Armoured Brigade: Operation Overlord—The Assault on the Beaches of Normandy, 6–11 June 1944—Appendix B Narrative, 10 CDN ARMD REGT,” 1.
29 Martin, para. 158.
30 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
31 Ibid.
32 Ralph Burley, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 12 August 2003.
33 John Marteinson and Michael R. McNorgan, The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History (Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 2000), 243.
34 1st Hussars War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 1.
35 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
36 Russell Choat, interview by James Murphy, 27 June and 5, 11 July 1977, University of Victoria Special Collections.
37 Peter Hinton, interview by Mark Hill, 22 July 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
38 Ibid.
39 B.B. Schofield, Operation Neptune (London: Ian Allan, 1974), 59.
40 Ibid., 66–67.
41 Stacey, 89.
42 Schofield, 67–68.
43 Carlo D’Este, Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign (London: Penguin Books, 2001), 110.
8: NO BANDS OR CHEERING CROWDS
1 Maj. J.R. Martin, “Report No. 147 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Part One: The Assault and Subsequent Operations of 3 Cdn Inf Div and 2 Cdn Armd Bde, 6–30 June 44—N.W. Europe.” 3 December 1945, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, para. 164.
2 R.M. Hickey, The Scarlet Dawn (Campbelltown, NB: Tribune Publishers, 1949), 192.
3 19th Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
4 “Letters from Capt. Seaborn to wife Mary Elizabeth (Betty) Seaborn,” 5 June 1944, Robert Lowder Seaborn and Family Papers, National Archives of Canada.
5 Ibid.
6 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 2 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 612.
7 Highland Light Infantry of Canada War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
8 Ibid.
9 Bill McCormick, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Gault, ON, 3 October 2003.
10 Jack Martin, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Scarborough, ON, 1 October 2003.
11 Peter Hinton, interview by Mark Hill, 22 July 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
12 B.B. Schofield, Operation Neptune (London: Ian Allan, 1974), 43–44.
13 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 73.
14 Anthony H.G. Storrs, interview by Chris Bell, 9, 16 September 1982, 13 June, 8 July, and 30 August 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
15 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 73.
16 Stan Richardson Diary, copy in possession of the author.
17 Schofield, 51–54.
18 I.J. Gillen Diary, RG518-0-2-E, National Archives of Canada, 2.
19 John A. Willes, Out of the Clouds: The History of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (Port Perry, ON: Port Perry Printing, 1995), 52.
20 Dan Hartigan, A Rising of Courage: Canada’s Paratroops in the Liberation of Normandy (Calgary: Drop Zone Publishers, 2000), 65.
21 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1995), 77.
22 Hartigan, 65–69.
23 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
24 Nolan, 78.
25 G.W.L. Nicholson, “Report No. 139 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: The 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in France, 6 June–6 September 1944,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d, para. 8.
26 “Information re: dispersion on D-Day, 6 June 1944 1 CDN Para Bn,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
27 Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, et al., The Crucible of War, 1939–1945: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), 806.
28 Don Cheney, interview by Glen Cook, 16 November 2000, Ottawa, Canadian War Museum Oral History Project Collection.
29 Portugal, We Were There, vol. 1, 3252.
30 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in Northwest Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 121–22.
31 Max Pemsel, “Seventh Army, June 1942–6 June 1944: Report of the Chief of Staff,” in Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 70.
32 Max Hastings, Overlord: D-Day and the Battle of Normandy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 67–68.
33 B.H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1970), 575.
34 Hans von Luck, Panzer Grenadier: The Memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989), 136–37.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
9: STICK TO THE OBJECTIVE
1 Dan Hartigan, A Rising of Courage: Canada’s Paratroops in the Liberation of Normandy (Calgary: Drop Zone Publishers, 2000), 71.
2 Ibid., 72.
3 Ibid., 118–20.
4 Ibid., 117–18.
5 John P. Hanson, “Letter 12 November 1949 in Correspondence re Ops 1st Cdn Para Bn from various officers,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
6 Ibid.
7 Hartigan, 113.
8 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
9 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1995), 79–80.
10 Madden reminiscences.
11 John A. Willes, Out of the Clouds: The History of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (Port Perry, ON: Port Perry Printing, 1981), 78–79.
12 Hartigan, 110–13.
13 Willes, 79.
14 Ibid., 78–80.
15 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 15–16.
16 Hartigan, 116.
17 N.a., “Information re: dispersion on D-Day, 6 June 1944 1 CDN Para Bn,” 145.4013(D1), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
18 Ibid.
19 Nolan, 92–93.
20 Hartigan, 107.
21 Ibid., 90.
22 Ibid., 83–84.
23 Ibid., 96–97.
24 Willes, 75.
25 Hartigan, 86.
26 Willes, 75.
27 Hartigan, 120–25.
28 Willes, 76.
29 Hartigan, 149.
30 Ibid., 116–17.
31 Willes, 78.
32 Ibid., 82.
10: ALL AFLAME
1 Anthony H.G. Storrs, interview by Chris Bell, 9, 16 September 1982, 13 June, 8 July, and 30 August 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
2 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 75–76.
3 Stan Richardson Diary, copy in possession of the author.
4 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 75–76.
5 Ibid., 87.
6 Trafford Leigh-Mallory, “Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N.W. Europe from November 15th, 1943 to September 30th, 1944,” Fourth Supplement, The London Gazette, 31 December 1946, 56.
7 Brereton Greenhous, Stephen Harris, et al., The Crucible of War, 1939–1945: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force, vol. 3 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995), 808.
8 Desmond W. Piers, “HMCSAlgonquin—Operation Neptune,” University of Victoria Special Collections, 4.
9 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 89.
10 Piers, 4.
11 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Gunners of Canada, vol. 2 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972), 275.
12 H.S. Patterson, “Artillery Communications in Operation Overlord, Account by Maj. H.S. Patterson, OC 2 Coy, 3 CDN INF DIV SIGS,” 018(D2), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 6.
13 Piers, 4.
14 B.B. Schofield, Operation Nepture (London: Ian Allan, 1974), 94–95.
15 Ibid., 44–45.
16 Ibid., 94.
17 Nicholson, 276.
18 Patterson, 6.
19 Fred Rogers, videotaped recollections in possession of the author, n.d.
20 James Douglas Baird, interview by William S. Thackray, 17, 27 June and 18 July 1980, University of Victoria Special Collections.
21 Patterson, 6.
22 Baird interview.
23 Nicholson, 277.
24 G.E.M. Ruffee and J.B. Dickie, The History of the 14 Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery: 1940–1945 (Amsterdam: Wereldbibliotheek NV, 1945), 26.
25 Okill Stuart, “D-Day—The Longest Day,” Quadrant, December 2000, 17.
26 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 4 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1881–82.
27 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 102.
28 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” 90–91.
29 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 1, National Archives of Canada, 2.
30 A. Brandon Conron, A History of the First Hussars Regiment, 1856–1980 (n.p., 1981), 50.
31 Ralph Burley, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 12 August 2003.
32 Conron, 50.
33 Stuart, 17.
11: ROLL ME OVER, LAY ME DOWN
1 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
2 Roy Whitsed, Canadians: A Battalion at War (Mississauga, ON: Burlington Books, 1996), 3.
3 Queen’s Own Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
4 Canadian Scottish Regiment 1st Battalion, Regiment War Diary, June 1944, Appendix C COY, 1 C. Scot R. 31 May to 6 June 44, National Archives of Canada, 1.
5 Canadian Scottish Regiment 1st Battalion, War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
6 C.M. Wightman Personal Diary, University of Victoria Special Collections, Reginald Roy Papers.
7 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 90.
8 Wightman diary.
9 Robert Lowder Seaborn, interview by Cameron Falconer, 23 February 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
10 Reginald Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 211.
11 N.a., The Canadians at War, 1939/45, vol. 2 (Montreal: The Reader’s Digest Assoc. [Canada], 1969), 442.
12 Russell Choat, interview by James Murphy, 27 June and 5, 11 July 1977. University of Victoria Special Collections.
13 J.H. Hamilton, “Normandy: 1944, Juno Beach,” Perspectives, Alex Kuppers, ed. (Royal Winnipeg Rifles Assoc. British Columbia Branch, 2003), 27.
14 Charles Martin, Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1994), 3–4.
15 Bill Bettridge, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Brampton, ON, 14 October 2003.
16 Gerry Cleveland interview by John Gregory Thompson, Port Colbourne, ON, 4 November 2003.
17 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 1, National Archives of Canada, 2.
18 A. Brandon Conron, A History of the First Hussars Regiment, 1856–1980 (n.p., 1981), 51.
19 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 3 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1008–9.
20 Stan Seneco, interview by John Gregory Thompson, East York, ON, 3 November 2003.
21 Ibid.
22 1st Hussars War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 8: Account written by Sgt. Gariépy, National Archives of Canada, 1.
23 Lochie Fulton, interview by Ken MacLeod, Victoria, BC, 9 February 1998.
24 Martin, 4–5.
25 Cleveland interview.
26 Anthony Hopkins, Songs from the Front and Rear: Canadian Servicemen’s Songs of the Second World War (Edmonton, Hurtig Publishers, 1979), 135.
27 Charles Richardson, interview by John Gregory Thompson, London, ON, 30 October 2003.
28 Gerry Purchase and Owen Cooke, “A Rideau Canal Tragedy,” Canadian Military History, Winter 2002, 49–53.
29 Richardson interview.
30 Cleveland interview.
31 Whitsed, 3.
32 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 99–100.
33 Choat interview.
34 Bill Bury, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Hamilton, ON, 20 August 2003.
35 Larry Allen, “WWII Diary of L. Allen—The Story of a D-Day Soldier,” 1st Hussars Regimental Museum.
36 Seneco interview.
37 Conron, 51–52.
38 Seneco interview.
39 Conron, 52.
40 Seneco interview.
41 Ralph Burley, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 12 August 2003.
12: MERRY HELL
1 Lochie Fulton, interview by Ken MacLeod, Victoria, BC, 9 February 1998.
2 J.H. Hamilton, “Normandy: 1944, Juno Beach,” Perspectives, Alex Kuppers, ed. (Royal Winnipeg Rifles Assoc. British Columbia Branch, 2003), 27.
3 Regina Rifles Regiment War Diary, June 1944, Intelligence Log Appendix, RG24, National Archives of Canada, Sheet 1.
4 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
5 Reginald Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 212.
6 Ibid., 212–13.
7 Canadian Scottish Regiment 1st Battalion, Regiment War Diary, June 1944, Appendix C COY, 1 C. Scot R. 31 May to 6 June 44, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 1–2.
8 Roy, 213.
9 Maj. D.G. Crofton, “‘C’ Company—Landing on D-Day,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1–2.
10 Ibid.
11 Fulton interview.
12 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 51.
13 A. Brandon Conron, A History of the First Hussars Regiment, 1856–1980 (n.p., 1981), 52–53.
14 Peter Simonds, Maple Leaf Up, Maple Leaf Down: The Story of the Canadians in the Second World War (New York: Island Press, 1946), 147.
15 Jake Miller, “D-Day—June 6, 1944,” Perspectives, 51.
16 Bruce Tascona and Eric Wells, Little Black Devils: A History of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles (Winnipeg: Frye Publishing, 1983), 146.
17 Jim Parks, “Recollections—Excerpts,” Perspectives, 132–33.
18 Jim Parks, interview by Ken MacLeod, Vancouver, November 1997.
19 Fowler, 48.
20 Stewart A.G. Mein, Up the Johns! The Story of the Royal Regina Rifles (North Battleford, SK: Turner-Warwick Publishers, 1992), 111.
21 “The Recollections of the Regina Rifles: N.W. Europe World War 2, June 6, 1944–May 8, 1945,” (n.p., n.d.), n.p.
22 Ronald Gendall Shawcross, interview by Mark C. Hill, 14, 19 June 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
23 Mein, 110–11.
24 Shawcross interview.
25 1st Hussars War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 8: Account written by Sgt. Gariépy, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 1.
26 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: The Queen’s Printer, 1960), 105.
27 Bill Bury, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Hamilton, ON, 20 August 2003.
28 Larry Allen, “WWII Diary of L. Allen—The Story of a D-Day Soldier,” 1st Hussars Regimental Museum.
29 Bury interview.
30 “Recollections of the Regina Rifles,” n.p.
31 Stacey, 105.
32 Mein, 111.
33 “Recollections of the Regina Rifles,” n.p.
34 Fowler, 45.
13: THE REAL THING
1 Gerry Cleveland, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Port Colbourne, ON, 4 November 2003.
2 Will R. Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (Fredericton, NB: Brunswick Press, 1963), 206.
3 Cleveland interview.
4 Ibid.
5 Bird, 200–201.
6 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 70.
7 Reginald Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1984), 17.
8 Stacey, 70.
9 Charles Richardson, interview by John Gregory Thompson, London, ON, 30 October 2003.
10 Bird, 203.
11 Ibid., 204.
12 R.M. Hickey, The Scarlet Dawn (Campbellton, NB: Tribune Publishers, 1949), 194.
13 Ibid., 194–95.
14 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 32.
15 Joe Ryan, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Cobourg, ON, 6 November 2003.
16 Ibid.
17 Fowler, 26–27.
18 N.a., Vanguard: The Fort Garry Horse in the Second World War (Doetincham, Holland: Uitgevers–Maatschappij, C. Misset NV, n.d.), 132.
19 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, Appendix No. 1, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 2.
20 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Gunners of Canada, vol. 2 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972), 279–80.
21 Bird, 214.
22 Ibid., 218.
23 Jack Springer, interview by John Gregory Thompson, London, ON, 1 November 2003.
24 Bird, 218.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid., 218–19.
27 North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 2.
28 Hickey, 196–97.
29 Fowler, 29–30.
30 Springer interview.
31 N.a., The Canadians at War, 1939/45, vol. 2 (Montreal: The Reader’s Digest Assoc. [Canada], 1969), 441–42.
32 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 4 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1636.
33 Bird, 217.
34 Bird, 211.
14: GO! GO! GO!
1 N.a., The Canadians at War, 1939/45, vol. 2 (Montreal: The Reader’s Digest Assoc. (Canada), 1969), 442.
2 Roy Whitsed, Canadians: A Battalion at War (Mississauga, ON: Burlington Books, 1996), 4.
3 Rolph Jackson, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 2 September 2003.
4 Whitsed, 4–5.
5 Jackson interview.
6 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 2 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 612.
7 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 38–39.
8 W.T. Barnard, The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada, 1860–1960: One Hundred Years of Canada (Don Mills: Ontario Publishing Co., 1960), 195.
9 Whitsed, 5.
10 Canadians at War, 1939/45, 442.
11 Charles Martin, Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1994), 6–7.
12 Bill Bettridge, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Brampton, ON, 14 October 2003.
13 Martin, 8.
14 Bettridge interview.
15 Ibid.
16 Martin, 9–11.
17 Bettridge interview.
18 Martin, 11.
19 Dave Kingston, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Mississauga, ON, 10 September 2003.
20 Portugal, We Were There, vol. 3, 1430–31.
21 Jim McCullough, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Loretto, ON, 9 September 2003.
22 Jack Martin, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Scarborough, ON, 1 October 2003.
23 Kingston interview.
24 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Gunners of Canada, vol. 2 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972), 279.
25 Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
26 Dave Fletcher, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Streetsville, ON, 2 September 2003.
27 McCullough interview.
28 Kingston interview.
15: NOTHING FOR SHAME
1 John A. Willes, Out of the Clouds: The History of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion (Port Perry, ON: Port Perry Printing, 1995), 83–84.
2 Brian Nolan, Airborne: The Heroic Story of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion in the Second World War (Toronto: Lester Publishing Limited, 1995), 100–101.
3 Dan Hartigan, A Rising of Courage: Canada’s Paratroops in the Liberation of Normandy (Calgary: Drop Zone Publishers, 2000), 251.
4 Nolan, 100.
5 Willes, 77.
6 Hartigan, 154–155.
7 N.a., “Canadian Parachute Battalion in Normandy: Historical Sketch,” 25 September 1952, 145.4013(D4), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 7.
8 Willes, 78.
9 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 4–5.
10 Napier Crookenden, Dropzone Normandy: The Story of the American and British Airborne Assault on D-Day 1944 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1976), 31.
11 Hartigan, 126.
12 Ibid., 117–18.
13 Ibid., 127–28.
14 Ibid., 129–30.
15 Willes, 80–81.
16 Hartigan, 130–31.
17 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion War Diary, 5.
18 Willes, 81.
19 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion War Diary, 2.
20 John R. Madden, recorded recollections, 1987, University of Victoria Special Collections.
21 Nolan, 98.
22 Madden recollections.
16: IN GOOD FETTLE
1 Walter Warlimont, “The Invasion,” Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 92.
2 “Campaign in France, 1944: Answers by Gen. Blumentritt to questions submitted by Chester Wilmot,” University of Victoria Special Collections, 2.
3 Ibid.
4 Fritz Krämer, “1st SS Panzer Corps Moves Up to Counterattack,” Fighting the Invasion, David C. Isby, ed., 242.
5 “Campaign in France, 1944: Answers by Gen. Blumentritt,” 2.
6 Tony Foster, Meeting of Generals (Agincourt, ON: Methuen, 1986), 306.
7 Ibid., 2–3.
8 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
9 Ibid.
10 John (Jack) McLean, “Remembering D-Day,” Perspectives, Alex Kuppers, ed. (Royal Winnipeg Rifles Assoc. British Columbia Branch, 2003), 56–59.
11 Jack McLean, interview by Ken MacLeod, Vancouver, September 1997.
12 Georges Lecarpentier, interview by author, Courseulles-sur-Mer, 23 May 2003.
13 Maj. D.G. Crofton, “‘C’ Company—Landing on D-Day,” 145.2c4013(D4), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1–2.
14 Reginald Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 221.
15 Crofton, 2.
16 Lt. Col. F.N. Cabeldu, “Battle Narrative of the Normandy Assault and First Counter-Attack,” 145.2c4013(D2), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
17 Roy, 215.
18 Ibid.
19 Jack Daubs, interview by John Gregory Thompson, London, ON, 9 October 2003.
20 Roy, 215.
21 Capt. P.F. Ramsay, “Battle Narrative: ‘B’ Coy, 1 C Scot R,” 145.2C4(D6), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1.
22 Ibid.
23 Cabeldu, 2.
24 Ramsay, 2.
25 Arthur Howard Plows, interview by Chris D. Main, 18, 31 August 1978, University of Victoria Special Collections.
26 Roy, 219–20.
27 Lt. Col. R.H. Webb, “12 Cdn Fd Regt. 23 June 44, Fd Arty in the Assault,” 23 June 1944, Reginald Roy Collection, University of Victoria Special Collections, 1.
28 A. Brandon Conron, A History of the First Hussars Regiment, 1856–1980 (n.p., 1981), 59.
29 Bill McCormick, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Gault, ON, 3 October 2003.
30 G.T. MacEwan, “D Day and the Counter-Attack on Putot-en-Bessin,” 145.C4013(D3), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 4.
31 Daubs interview.
32 Cabeldu, 2.
33 Conron, 60.
34 MacEwan, 4.
35 Cabeldu, 2.
36 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, 4.
37 Regina Rifles Regiment, 1st Battalion War Diary, June 1944, RG24, vol. 15198, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
17: AN AWFUL SHAMBLES
1 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 109.
2 Le Régiment de la Chaudière War Diary, June 1944 (trans. Tony Poulin from RG24, National Archives of Canada), in possession of the author, n.p.
3 John Marteinson and Michael R. McNorgan, The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History (Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 2000), 239.
4 W.T. Barnard, The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada, 1860–1960: One Hundred Years of Canada (Don Mills: Ontario Publishing Co., 1960), 195.
5 Le Régiment de la Chaudière War Diary, n.p.
6 Jack Martin, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Scarborough, ON, 1 October 2003.
7 Ibid.
8 Le Régiment de la Chaudière War Diary, n.p.
9 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 4 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1898.
10 Martin interview.
11 Portugal, 1898.
12 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Gunners of Canada, vol. 2 (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972), 279.
13 14th Field Regiment Royal Canadian Artillery War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 4.
14 Le Régiment de la Chaudière War Diary, n.p.
15 Canadian Operations in North-West Europe, June 1944: Extracts from Memoranda (Series 1), “Comments by Brig. K.G. Blackader, Commander 8 CDN INF BDE, as Given to Hist Offr, 24 June 44,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 5.
16 Terry Copp and Robert Vogel, Maple Leaf Route: Caen (Alma, ON: Maple Leaf Route, 1983), 56.
17 Ernest Côté, interview by Michael Boire, Ottawa, 14 November 2003.
18 A.J. Kerry and W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: The Military Engineers Assoc. of Canada, 1966), 266–68.
19 Copp and Vogel, 56.
20 Ross Munro, Gauntlet to Overlord: The Story of the Canadian Army (Toronto: Macmillan Co. of Canada, 1946), 64.
21 Peter Hinton, interview by Mark Hill, 22 July 1985, University of Victoria Special Collections.
22 Ibid.
23 Stacey, 101.
24 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 100–101.
25 Ibid., 94–95.
26 Highland Light Infantry of Canada War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 6.
27 Ibid., 7.
28 Copp and Vogel, 56–58.
29 14th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
30 Portugal, 1883.
31 Canadian Operations in North-West Europe, June 1944, “Comments by Brig. K.G. Blackader,” 5.
32 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 59–60.
33 Fort Garry Horse War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 1, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 3.
34 14th Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, 4.
35 Bill McAndrew, Donald E. Graves, and Michael Whitby, Normandy 1944: The Canadian Summer (Montreal: éditions Art Global, 1994), 43.
36 Desmond W. Piers, “HMCSAlgonquin—Operation Neptune,” University of Victoria Special Collections, 5.
37 McAndrew et al., 43.
38 Piers, 5.
39 McAndrew et al., 46.
40 Le Régiment de la Chaudière War Diary, n.p.
41 Jacques Castonguay and Armand Ross, Le Régiment de la Chaudière (Lévis, PQ: n.p., 1983), 245.
18: A FAIRLY RUGGED DAY
1 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 111.
2 Will R. Bird, North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment (Fredericton, NB: Brunswick Press, 1963), 223.
3 Ibid., 213.
4 N.a., Vanguard: The Fort Garry Horse in the Second World War (Doetincham, Holland: Uitgevers–Maatschappij, C. Misset NV, n.d.), 133.
5 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 4 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1672–73.
6 Bird, 220.
7 Ibid., 221.
8 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 62.
9 Portugal, We Were There, vol. 3 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 1444–45.
10 Vanguard, 133.
11 Portugal, vol. 3, 1443–44.
12 Ibid., 1444.
13 Reginald Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1984), 22.
14 Bird, 222.
15 Ibid., 222–23.
16 Ibid., 224–25.
17 Roy, 22.
18 Bird, 223.
19 Stacey, 650.
20 Bird, 232–33.
21 Ibid., 226–27.
19: BEGINNING OF THE END
1 Freiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg, “The 21st Panzer Division’s Situation (6 June 1944),” Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 236.
2 Hans von Luck, Panzer Grenadier: The Memoirs of Colonel Hans von Luck (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1989), 137–38.
3 Ibid., 138.
4 Ibid., 132–33.
5 Ibid., 139.
6 Edgar Feuchtinger, “The 21st Panzer Division on 6 June 1944,” Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 222.
7 Edgar Feuchtinger, “Counterattack of the 21st Panzer Division,” Fighting the Invasion, David C. Isby, ed., 241.
8 von Luck, 141–42.
9 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 122.
10 von Luck, 142.
11 Tony Foster, Meeting of Generals (Agincourt, ON: Methuen, 1986), 307.
12 Feuchtinger, “Counterattack of the 21st Panzer Division,” 239.
13 von Luck, 142.
14 Ibid.
15 Feuchtinger, “Counterattack of the 21st Panzer Division,” 239–40.
16 Carlo D’Este, Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign (London: Penguin Books, 2001), 138–40.
17 Feuchtinger, “Counterattack of the 21st Panzer Division,” 240.
18 Foster, 309.
19 Feuchtinger, “Counterattack of the 21st Panzer Division,” 240.
20 Fritz Krämer, “1st SS Panzer Corps Moves Up to Counterattack,” Fighting the Invasion, David C. Isby, ed., 244.
20: A GREAT INITIATION
1 14th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 4.
2 Jack Byrne, interview by John Gregory Thompson, St. Joseph, ON, 10 October 2003.
3 H.M. Jackson, The Sherbrooke Regiment (12th Armoured Regiment) (n.p., 1958), 122–23.
4 Will Bird, No Retreating Footsteps: The Story of the North Nova Scotia Highlanders (Hantsport, NS: Lancelot Press, 1983), 67–68.
5 North Nova Scotia Highlanders War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 4.
6 Sherbrooke Fusiliers Regiment War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 2.
7 Byrne interview.
8 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 5 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 2535.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid., 2428–29.
11 N.a., Vanguard: The Fort Garry Horse in the Second World War (Doetincham, Holland: Uitgevers–Maatschappij, C. Misset NV, n.d.), 17.
12 Portugal, We Were There, vol. 3, 1431–32.
13 Vanguard, 18.
14 Ibid.
15 Portugal, We Were There, vol. 4, 1457.
16 Ibid., 1458.
17 Ibid., 1433.
18 Jacques Castonguay and Armand Ross, Le Régiment de la Chaudière (Lévis, PQ: n.p., 1983), 247–48.
19 Le Régiment de la Chaudière War Diary, June 1944 (trans. Tony Poulin from RG24, National Archives of Canada), in possession of the author, n.p.
20 Vanguard, 18.
21 Orville Cook, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Holland Centre, ON, 7 October 2003.
22 Charles Martin, Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1994), 14.
23 Roger Chevalier, interview by author, Courseulles-sur-Mer, 23 May 2003.
24 W.T. Barnard, The Queen’s Own Rifles of Canada, 1860–1960: One Hundred Years of Canada (Don Mills: Ontario Publishing Co., 1960), 196.
25 Martin, 14.
26 Vanguard, 19.
27 Roy Whitsed, Canadians: A Battalion at War (Mississauga, ON: Burlington Books, 1996), 19.
28 Ibid.
29 Ibid., 20.
30 Ibid.
31 Cook interview.
32 Whitsed, 20.
33 Cook interview.
34 Whitsed, 21.
35 Sherbrooke Fusiliers War Diary, 3.
36 Bird, 66.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid., 67.
39 North Nova Scotia Highlanders War Diary, 5.
40 Will Bird, The Two Jacks: The Amazing Adventures of Major Jack M. Veness and Major Jack L. Fairweather (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1954), 5–6.
41 Reginald Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1984), 21.
42 Sherbrooke Fusiliers War Diary, 3.
43 Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
44 Highland Light Infantry of Canada War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 7.
21: AT ALL COSTS
1 Joseph James Andrews, interview by Cameron Falconer, 8 March 1983, University of Victoria Special Collections.
2 Reginald Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 224–25.
3 G.T. MacEwan, “D Day and the Counter-Attack on Putot-en-Bessin,” 145.C4013(D3), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 4–5.
4 Roy, 225.
5 A. Brandon Conron, A History of the First Hussars Regiment, 1856–1980 (n.p., 1981), 56.
6 1st Hussars War Diary, June 1944, Appendix 8: Account written by Sgt. Gariépy, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 2.
7 Regina Rifle Regiment War Diary, June 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
8 1st Hussars War Diary, Appendix 8, 2.
9 Alexander McKee, Caen: Anvil of Victory (London: Souvenir Press, 1964), 57–58.
10 Conron, 58.
11 McKee, 57–58.
12 1st Hussars War Diary, Appendix 8, 2.
13 Eric Luxton, ed., 1st Battalion, The Regina Rifle Regiment, 1939–1946 (Regina: The Regiment, 1946), 38.
14 Edgar Feuchtinger, “Counterattack of the 21st Panzer Division,” Fighting the Invasion: The German Army at D-Day, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 240.
15 “Campaign in France, 1944: Answers by Gen. Blumentritt to questions submitted by Chester Wilmot,” University of Victoria Special Collections, 3.
16 Ibid., 4.
17 Fritz Krämer, “1st SS Panzer Corps Moves Up to Counterattack,” Fighting the Invasion, David C. Isby, ed. (London: Greenhill Books, 2000), 243.
18 Freiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg, “Invasion,” Fighting the Invasion, David C. Isby, ed., 226.
19 Tony Foster, Meeting of Generals (Agincourt, ON: Methuen, 1986), 307–8.
20 Kurt Meyer, Grenadier (Winnipeg: J.J. Fedorowicz, 1994), 117.
21 Ibid., 117–19.
22 Krämer, 243.
23 Ibid., 244.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., 245–46.
26 Meyer, 118–19.
27 Ibid., 120.
28 Ibid., 118.
1 Bill McCormick interview, by John Gregory Thompson, Gault, ON, 3 October 2003.
2 T. Robert Fowler, Valour on Juno Beach: The Canadian Awards for Gallantry, D-Day, June 6, 1944 (Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1994), 16.
3 Stan Creaser, “War Experiences: January 16, 1999,” Perspectives, Alex Kuppers, ed. (Royal Winnipeg Rifles Assoc. British Columbia Branch, 2003), 29.
4 Fowler, 16.
5 McCormick interview.
6 Royal Winnipeg Rifles War Diary, June 1944, RG24, National Archives of Canada, 5.
7 Bill McCormick, “Armistice Day Address,” n.d., in possession of the author.
8 Bill McCormick telephone interview by John Gregory Thompson, 14 February 2004.
9 McCormick interview, 3 October 2003.
10 Capt. P.F. Ramsay, “Battle Narrative: ‘B’ Coy, 1 C Scot R,” 145.2C4(D6), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
11 G.T. MacEwan, “D Day and the Counter-Attack on Putot-en-Bessin,” 145.C4013(D3), Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 5.
12 Reginald Roy, Ready for the Fray: The History of the Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary’s), 1920 to 1955 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1958), 225–26.
13 McCormick interview, 3 October 2003.
14 Roy, 225–26.
15 McCormick interview, 3 October 2003.
23: SUCH A SAD DAY
1 Col. C.P. Stacey, The Victory Campaign: The Operations in North-West Europe, 1944–1945, vol. 3 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1960), 650–52.
2 “The Royal Canadian Navy’s Part in the Invasion,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 103–4.
3 Ibid., 94–96.
4 Trafford Leigh-Mallory, “Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N.W. Europe from November 15th, 1943 to September 30th, 1944,” Fourth Supplement, The London Gazette, 31 December 1946, 55.
5 Jean E. Portugal, We Were There: The Navy, the Army and the RCAF—A Record for Canada, vol. 7 (Shelburne, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 1998), 3277.
6 Ibid., 3284.
7 Ibid., 3312.
8 Reginald Roy, 1944: The Canadians in Normandy (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1984), 23.
9 Granatstein Papers, 17 April 1991 letter from B.D. Hunt, Royal Military College to Granatstein, York University Archives and Special Collections, Scott Library.
10 Ernest Côté, interview by Michael Boire, Ottawa, 14 November 2003.
11 Ibid.
12 Stacey, 114.
13 Ibid., 116.
14 Ross Munro, Gauntlet to Overlord: The Story of the Canadian Army (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1946), 79.
15 Ibid., 72.
16 Ibid., 71.
17 W.R. Freadsby, ed., Official History of the Canadian Medical Services, 1939–1945, Vol. 1: Organization and Campaigns (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 221–23.
18 Rolph Jackson, interview by John Gregory Thompson, Toronto, 2 September 2003.
19 N.a., The Canadians at War, 1939/45, vol 2. (Montreal: Reader’s Digest Assoc. [Canada], 1969), 445.
20 Jack Springer, interview by John Gregory Thompson, London, ON, 1 November 2003.
21 Charles Martin, Battle Diary: From D-Day and Normandy to the Zuider Zee (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1994), 14–15.
22 Ibid., 15.
23 Ibid., 15–16.