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Pantheon

U3 Piazza della Rotonda @ 116 and routes along Via del Corso, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II & Corso del Rinascimento # 9am–7:30pm Mon–Sat, 9am–6pm Sun, 9am–1pm public hols pantheonroma.com

With its awe-inspiring domed interior, the Pantheon – the Roman temple of “all the gods” – is the best-preserved ancient building in Rome. Unlike many other Roman structures that fell into disrepair, it became a church in the 7th century, ensuring its continued use and conservation.

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t Illustration of the Pantheon

Inside the Pantheon

The interior of the church is dominated by the vast hemispherical dome, which has both a height and diameter of 43.3 m (142 ft). The hole at the top of the dome, the oculus, provides the only light; we owe this marvel of engineering to the Emperor Hadrian, who designed the structure (AD 118–125) to replace an earlier temple built by Marcus Agrippa, son-in-law of Augustus. The shrines that line the wall of the Pantheon range from the Tomb of Raphael to those of the kings of Italy.

Experience Piazza della Rotonda

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t Oculus and coffered interior of the Pantheon’s dome

Experience Piazza della Rotonda

Timeline

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27–25 BC

Marcus Agrippa builds first Pantheon

118–25

Hadrian builds new Pantheon

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609

Pope Boniface IV consecrates Pantheon as church of Santa Maria ad Martyres

663

Byzantine Emperor Constans II strips gilded tiles from the roof

1309–77

While the papal seat is in Avignon, Pantheon is used as a poultry market

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1632

Urban VIII melts bronze from portico for the baldacchino in St Peter’s

Did You Know?

The Pantheon’s dome remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world.