With its awe-inspiring domed interior, the Pantheon – the Roman temple of “all the gods” – is the best-preserved ancient building in Rome. Unlike many other Roman structures that fell into disrepair, it became a church in the 7th century, ensuring its continued use and conservation.
t Illustration of the Pantheon
The interior of the church is dominated by the vast hemispherical dome, which has both a height and diameter of 43.3 m (142 ft). The hole at the top of the dome, the oculus, provides the only light; we owe this marvel of engineering to the Emperor Hadrian, who designed the structure (AD 118–125) to replace an earlier temple built by Marcus Agrippa, son-in-law of Augustus. The shrines that line the wall of the Pantheon range from the Tomb of Raphael to those of the kings of Italy.
Experience Piazza della Rotonda
t Oculus and coffered interior of the Pantheon’s dome
Experience Piazza della Rotonda
Timeline |
27–25 BCMarcus Agrippa builds first Pantheon |
118–25Hadrian builds new Pantheon |
609Pope Boniface IV consecrates Pantheon as church of Santa Maria ad Martyres |
663Byzantine Emperor Constans II strips gilded tiles from the roof |
1309–77While the papal seat is in Avignon, Pantheon is used as a poultry market |
1632Urban VIII melts bronze from portico for the baldacchino in St Peter’s |
The Pantheon’s dome remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world.